Kyarkeken Habasha (Canis simensis), wanda kuma aka sani da kisisar Abisiniyanci, dawakai Abisiniya, jakadiya ja, jajuƙan Symensky, ko Symensky, wakili ne na halittar canine daga Afirka. Sunaye da yawa suna nuna rashin tabbas na baya game da matsayin sa na haraji, har kwanan nan an yi imanin cewa ƙyamar ƙungiyar Habasha tana da alaƙa da dawakai, kamar yadda take kama da su sosai, kuma ba ta hanyar halittar Canis (karnukan wolf ba).
Olfungiyar Habasha ta Habasha ba wai kawai wakilai ce ta danginsu da ke zaune a Afirka ba, har ma da nau'ikan nau'ikan rayayyun da aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi. A cewar wasu kimomi, jimlar nau'in halitta kusan mutane 600 ne.
A cikin siffar jiki da girma, jan jack ɗin sunyi kama da na coyote ko dawakai, yana da kafafu masu tsayi da tsayi, da wuƙaƙƙen hannu. Namiji yana nauyi daga kilogiram 16 zuwa 19, wanda yake kashi 20% sama da nauyin matan. Tsawon jiki na iya zama daga 84 zuwa 102 cm, tsinin wutsiya daga 27 zuwa 40 cm.
Abubuwan da ke cikin jikin na sama da gwal ana zanen su da launin ja - launi mai haske - jan launi, ciki, huna, ciki na paws da kuma cikin kunnuwa masu nuna fararen fata ne, kuma wutsiyar bahaushe mai launin baki ce. Fatar tana da gajeru gashi da kauri wanda ke kare karnukan wutiri daga yanayin zafi, zuwa -15 ° C. A lokacin kiwo, mata sun zama ja mai haske, kuma 'ya' yantansu suna da gashi mai launin toka mai duhu.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wannan kerket din yana da matukar kyau ga duwatsun Habasha da ke a nisan mil 3000 zuwa 4,377 a saman teku. A halin yanzu, yankuna bakwai na keɓaɓɓu ne kawai aka sani, tare da mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Gidajen Kasa na Bale Mountains (sama da mutane 100). A shekara ta 2008, jimlar yawan mutane 500 kawai.
Jafar ja sau da yawa yana zaune a cikin ciyawar Afro-Alpine, yana fifita wuraren da ciyayi bai wuce 25 cm ba kuma yana da yawan ƙwayoyi; a ƙasa, kyarketan Habasha ba sa rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin Afirka.
Duk da cewa kyarkewar Habasha ita ce mafarauci mai farauta, yana zaune a fakitoci waɗanda ke da yankinsu. Wannan ya banbanta da yawancin manyan masu tsinkaye na zamantakewa waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin rukuni don manufar farauta tare. Duk tsofaffi maza suna zagawa suna yiwa ƙasarsu alama tun da sassafe da yamma, suna bacci tare, suna birgima a sararin sama, kuma suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka mace alpha. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙar zamantakewa tsakanin mambobi ɗaya, suna gaishe da juna cikin tausayawa.
Maza da wuya barin garken su, yayin da mata, yayin da suka kai shekaru biyu, suna barin danginsu su sami damar yin aure.
Tsakanin Oktoba da Disamba, manyan garken mata suna haihuwar zuriya, yawanci yara biyu zuwa shida a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, waɗanda ke yin makonninsu na farko na zama a cikin rami. Kusan kashi 70 cikin dari na dukkan mace-mace na faruwa tare da maza daga ƙungiyoyin maƙwabta don guje wa shigarwar jinsi. Sauran membobin garken suna taimakawa kare ramin daga tsuntsayen da masu filaye. Hakanan suna kwace abinci ga 'yan kwikwiyo a farkon watanni huɗu na rayuwarsu, kuma galibi mata na iya ma wasu lokutan sukan shayar da puan kajin.
Abincin ƙwancen ƙyar na Habasha ya kusan ƙunshi jijiyoyi. Studyaya daga cikin binciken ya nuna cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa tana ɗauke da kashi tamanin cikin ɗari na waɗanda abin ya shafa, muhimmin ɓangaren, wanda, bi da bi, shine Babban ƙwayar bera (ɗayan nau'in ƙwayoyin jiɓo a cikin dangin bera). Don inganta narkewa, ana ganin karnukan Habasha suna cin ganyayyaki.
Yawan ƙyar kidan Habasha ya lalace sakamakon lalacewar mazauninsu: ciyawar makiyaya ta shuɗe saboda ɗumamar yanayi da mamayar wuraren farauta masu kyau don aikin gona. Cututtukan da ake yadawa daga karnukan gida ma sun ba da gudummawa, misali, a cikin 1990, annobar ta raba-baya ta rage yawan jama'a a cikin Gidajen Kasa na Bale daga 440 zuwa ƙasa da mutane 160 a cikin ƙasa da mako guda.
Don cikakken ko kuma yin bugu na kayan, ana buƙatar ingantacciyar hanyar haɗi zuwa rukunin UkhtaZoo.
Bayyanar
Mikal ɗin Habasha dogo ne mai tsayi mai tsayi da tsayi, fuskarsa ta zama mafi ƙanƙanci ko ƙyalli irin ta gidan canine, launin yana da duhu ja, yana da haske (yawanci fari) makogwaro, kirji da kuma cikin gabobin, kuma wasu mutane suna da haske a jikin wasu sassan jikin, bayan kunnuwa da saman wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ne. Yawan nauyin maza yakai kilogiram 16, da mace 13 kg. Tsawon a kafadu kusan 60 cm.
Rarraba da salon rayuwa
Yankin kidan Habasha ya kasu kashi bakwai ne daban-daban: biyar zuwa arewa na iyakar Habasha, kuma babba mafi girma zuwa kudu (duka yankin Habasha). Tsakanin kyarketan da ke zaune a bangarori daban-daban na Rift Valley, akwai rikitattun ƙananan bambance-bambancen amma masu ɗorewa. Don haka, yankin ya kasu kashi biyu ana iya rabuwa da shi cikin Pleistocene.
Mikal ɗin Habasha ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam: yana zaune ne a yankuna marasa katako a cikin nisan mil 3,000 da sama, a cikin yanki mai makiyaya, a ƙasa, a yanayin halayyar yanayin zafi na wannan yankin na Afirka, waɗannan dabbobin ba zasu iya rayuwa ba.
Wannan nau'in yanki ne da ke yin aure. Yaran dabbobi yawanci suna zama a wuraren haihuwarsu, suna haɗuwa cikin garken mutane 2-8. Mata suna barin ƙasar da aka haife su a baya fiye da maza, kuma saboda haka ana lura da darajar maza fiye da mata.
Kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na abincin waɗannan magabatan beraye ne. Suna farautar wata katuwar tawadar Afirka saka ], wanda nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa 300-900 grams, da sauran wakilan dangi Batergidae [ saka ], kuma a cikin ƙananan beraye da nau'ikan nau'ikan bera. Dawakai na Habasha lokaci-lokaci suna kama da ƙyamare, ƙananan kwari, ko kuma 'yan ƙwaya manyan dabbobi kamar nyala. Ana farautar ganima a bayyane, yayin farauta, suna ta yin sama da sauri har sai sun kasance nesa nesa da ƙarshen jefa (5-20 mita). Hakanan zasu iya tono ganima daga ramukan ƙasa, ko kuma wasu lokutan ɗaukar kaya. Akwai lokuta da yawa cikin matsalar farautar dabbobi. Mutanen Oromo a Kudancin Habasha suna kiran wannan dabbar da "dawakin dawakai," saboda al'adunta na rakiyar mata masu juna biyu da barayin shanu, ta yadda bayan haihuwar ta ci dabinon da aka bari.
Jackan wasan Habasha maƙiyin rana ce, wacce baƙon abu ba ce ga maƙeran wannan tsarin.
Kiwo
Balaguro yana faruwa a kowane lokaci, a watan Agusta-Satumba, ana haihuwar zuriya bayan watanni biyu. A cikin brood, akwai daga 'ya' yan kuliyoyi biyu zuwa shida waɗanda duk membobin fakitin ke ciyar da su. Yawancin lokaci kawai maza biyu na Alfa (shugaba tare da matansa) suna kiwo a cikin shirya. Matasa sun fara motsawa tare da fakiti daga shekara shida, amma sun zama cikakku manya a cikin shekara biyu kawai.
Lafiyar Qasa da kiyayewa
A cikin duka al'ummomin bakwai, guda ɗaya ne kawai, a cikin Dutsen Bale, yana da mutane sama da 100, adadin nau'in halittar kusan 600 manya ne. Abubuwan da suka fi karfi da ke barazanar wanzuwar jinsin sune matsakaiciyar hanya (kawai makiyayan masarufi tare da yanayin sanyi, wanda yanki ke raguwa saboda dumamar duniya), mamaye wuraren da ya dace da farautar noma, da kuma cututtukan da karnukan karnuka ke kamuwa da karnukan gida: misali, A cikin 1990, annobar ta raba-gardama ta rage yawan jama'a (a cikin National Park National Park daga 440 zuwa ƙasa da mutane 160 a cikin ƙasa da mako guda. Abin ban sha'awa, an kirkiro wannan wurin shakatawa a 1970 don kare dutsen Habasha da dutsen. Nyala duk da cewa Itolf ta Habasha da ake kira dawatsen talakawa a cikin tsaunukan Semien yawanta ba ta yin sakaci.
An jera jackal din Habasha a cikin Littafin Red a matsayin jinsin barazana, amma daga 2003, ba wani mutum guda da akayi garkuwa dashi.
Wakilan jama’ar Oromo, wanda duk filayen Habasha suke zaune, ba su da wata ƙiyayya a gare shi - ba shakka, dabbar ba ta dame dabbobinsu. Amma ga sauran kabilu, lokaci zuwa lokaci suna farautar dawakan Habasha saboda suna danganta kaddarorin warkarwa ga hanta.
Kyarkeken Habasha: me ya yi daidai da dawakai?
Wolf ɗin Habasha ana kuma kiransa jan dame ko jackar Habasha. Wannan dabbar tana da ƙima ga Habasha. Jaket ja suna zaune a cikin Alps na Afirka.
Da farko dai, nau'in mallakar karnuka ne, amma bayan nazarin DNA an gano cewa karnukan Habasha suna da alaƙa da kyarketattun launin toka.
Bayanai game da Wolf na Habasha
Canis simensis, tsari - Carnivor, dangi: Canidae, ɗayan 8 daga jinsin halittar Canis
Yaɗa: tsaunukan tsakiyar Habasha.
Habitat: wuraren kiwo, ciyawar ciyawa da mashigin ruwa sama da 3000 m sama da matakin teku.
Bangarori: tsawon jiki 84-100 cm, tsawon wutsiya 27-40 cm, tsayi a withers 53-62 cm, nauyi 11-20 kg, maza a kan matsakaita 20% fi girma fiye da mace.
Bayanin: mayafin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda mai haske mai ruwan hoda, dinta, gefan ciki na kunnuwa, kirji da ƙananan sassan jikinsu farare ne, sanannun farar riga-gaban.
Ku ci yafi beraye da sauran dabbobin.
Sake bugun: ciki yana kwanaki 60-62, a cikin tsawon coci biyu na 2-6.
Matsayi na Kare: Duba yana kan gab da ƙarewa
Entwararren maharbi wanda ba zai iya ƙarewa ba (tsari da ayyuka)
Tunawa da coyotes a bayyanar da girma, waɗannan wakilai masu matsakaitan matsakaiciya masu tsayi da dogon zango har yanzu ana ambaton su a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban: masu bincike na farko da masanan ilmin halitta sun kira su da kyarketan Abisiniya, dodannin kyanwa, dawakai da dawakai ko dawakan Habasha. Damuwa da sunaye ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa duk da kasancewar 'Canus' na Canis, ƙwararrun farautar ƙyamar Habasha ƙwararrun masarufi ce. Saboda haka, a waje guda, yayi kama da babban dawakai. Kunnuwa masu kaifin kunne, wulakantacciyar kwanyar, kunkuntar da aka makala da ƙarami, hakora mai cike da ƙasa - duk wannan ya dace da farautar ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa
Ana iya ganin ƙyar kidan Habasha lokacin da ta haye kan tsaunin tuddai, tana farautar dabbobin ƙasa. Ana iya ganinta saboda farin ja da farin launi. Babban abubuwan farauta sune gemun tsumman Habasha da nau'ikan ciyawa.
Hadin gwiwar al'umma (halayyar jama'a)
Wolves sun fi aiki yayin rana, kuma suna aiki tare da ayyukansu tare da ayyukan ƙwayoyin ƙasa. Ana farauta saboda galibin shi kadai, wasu lokuta sukan taru wuri guda a kungiyance don bi sawun dutsen nyala, akuya mai kauri (Redunca redunca), Stark hare (Lepus starcki) da damana (Procavia babessinica).
A garken kullum kunshi 3-13 balagagge (6 a kan matsakaita) mutane, ciki har da 3-8 alaka girma maza da 1-3 mace, shekara shekara 62 da kwiyakwiyi. Gidajen mazaunin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, tare da matsakaicin kilomita 6.4 a wurare masu wadatar albarkatun gona, amma ya kai kilomita 15 a wurare masu ƙarancin abincin. Duk da cewa yankuna a wasu lokutan suna kama da marasa rai, jimlar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi akan sa zasu iya kaiwa sama da kilo 10,000.
Tun da yake ba a samun wuraren zama da ke da ganima marasa galihu, ana tilasta wa garken don kare wuraren daga wuraren. Wolves suna ciyar da sanyin safiya da maraice suna patakawa ƙasa kuma suna kan iyakoki, suna amfani da urination, ɓarna da kuma tarko don wannan. A lokacin mamayewa wasu makwabta, dabbobin suna amfani da zanga-zangar da aka shirya: barazanar kai tsaye da kuma kwarewar magana, da nisanta kai tsaye, lamarin ya kare ne da gudu karamin rukunin mutane, wanda a sakamakon hakan na iya rasa shafin sa.
Warin siriri mai kaman dawakai da ya fi dacewa da farautar berayen da wasu ƙananan zuriya a tsaunuka. Duk da wannan, damar dabbobi su rayu ta lalata ayyukan mutane. Jimlar adadin karnukan karnukan saurayin yanzu an auna su a cikin ɗaruruwan a maimakon dubban.
Maza ba za su daidaita ba, amma su kasance cikin garken, inda an canza wa maza yin jima'i ta hanyarsu - 2.6: 1. Fiye da rabi na mace suna zaune suna da shekaru biyu kuma suna zama “rantsa ”an fage”, suna ɗaukar kunkuntar yanki tsakanin yankunan garken har sai an sami "sarari" don kiwo a ɗayansu. Kafa Wolves sau da yawa basu da inda zasuje, kuma mafi munin zaɓi shine kaje yankin gonar gona, saboda haka dabbobi barin kawai idan akwai gaggawa.
Mace mafi girma na kowace garken na iya kawo cuba oncean sau ɗaya a shekara daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba (60% na mata suna shiga cikin kiwo). Duk membobin fakitin suna kiyaye ramin kuma suna kawo ganima don ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo har zuwa watanni shida.
Kamar sauran saniya can, inean kodhin wolf na Habasha suna da kusanci da ci gaba da mahaifiyarsu. Kawai yawancin mata ke haifarwa, kodayake sauran membobin fakitin suna kawo ganima, suna taimakawa don ciyar da zuriya bayan an gama shayarwa - yawanci kusan makonni 10 kenan.
Yankunan mata masu ƙasa da ƙasa suna taimakawa yawancin mata masu rinjaye suna ciyar da cuban wolf ɗinsu. Mace mai shayarwa bayan mutuwa galibi tana maye gurbin babbar diyarta. Wannan tsarin da alama yana dacewa yana iya samun sakamako masu lahani idan mace ta yi tarayya da maza na jikunansu - wato tare da uba, ko 'yan uwan mahaifinsu. Koyaya, sun guji haɗarin haɗari saboda tsarin halayyar da ba ta dace ba, wanda ya bambanta da auren mace ɗaya, kamar yadda yawancin fashewar abubuwa ke busawa. Tsoro yana faruwa a ƙarshen lokacin damina, lokacin da yawancin mata masu jima'i suke balaga fiye da lessasa da guda ɗaya suna isa estrus dindindin a ƙafa 2-4. Mace suna neman abokan hulɗa tare da maza maƙwabta, waɗanda ƙungiyoyinsu suka busa yankin don neman mata masu dacewa. Sakamakon wannan, har zuwa 70% na dabbar ta hanyar canjin yana faruwa tare da maza ba daga wannan garken ba.
Mafi ƙarancin karnuka (matsayin muhalli)
Kasancewar karnukan kyarket ɗin Habasha yana buƙatar takamaiman yanayi, wanda ba shi da tushe don ragowar. Alizationarancin abinci ya sa su kasance a ƙarshen ƙarewa: ƙananan alumma suna warwatse amma rarrabuwa a cikin mazauninsu. Saboda wannan, an daɗe ana ɗaukar su ba kasada ba, an sa su cikin jerin waɗanda ke buƙatar kariyar baya a cikin 1938.
A zamanin yau, barazanar ƙarewa ya ƙara ƙaruwa saboda ci gaban aikin gona da kuma ambaliya a kan wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Sakamakon haka, kyarkeci ya rayu a cikin hanyar ƙarami a cikin tsibiran ƙasashe daban daban waɗanda aikin ɗan adam bai shafa ba, wanda ya ƙara haɗarin lalata. Fitar da cututtukan canine da illolin da za a iya amfani da su tare da karnukan gida sune karin dalilai marasa kyau da suka tashi yayin hulɗa da mutane. Ganin cewa babu wasu karnukan karnuka 500 da suka rayu, barazanar wanzuwar wannan nau'in ita ce mafi girma a tsakanin duk dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Bayanin Wolf na Habasha
A waje, jakadun Habasha ya bambanta da sauran dawakai a girman fuskarsu da ƙaramin hakora. Tsawon jiki ya kai santimita ɗari, kuma tsayi a kafadu shine 50-60 santimita. Maza kusan kashi 20% ne fiye da mace. Maza suna nauyin kilo 15-19, kuma nauyin jikin mata ya kama daga kilo 11 zuwa 14. Wutsiya tana da faɗi, tsawon santimita 25-33. Allumai suna da tsawo.
Jikin jikin jan jakuna ja-ruwan zinari, ciki fari. Akwai fararen fari a jikin muck, gindin wutsiya shima fari ne, kuma tip na baki ne.
Kayan Habasha na Habasha
Jakadun ja suna zaune a tuddai, a cikin ciyawa da ciyayi mai ƙoshin ciyawa. Ana samunsu a tsaunuka daga mita 3,000 zuwa 4,300.
Karnukan karnuka na Habasha suna gudanar da rayuwar yau da kullun, suna kuma nuna ayyuka a yamma. Manya da matasa sun yi barci cikin manyan rukuni, yayin da suke birgima zuwa ƙwallo.
Jakadan Habasha (Canis simensis).
Karnukan karnuka manya na kan iyakokin shafin kuma yi masu alama. Gidan karnukan karnuka sun kafa hanyoyin haɗin zamantakewa, kuma a wani taro membobin ƙungiyar suna gaishe da juna da hayaniya.
Dawakai na Habasha sun yi bankwana da duwatsun duwatsu. Idan burrows suna cikin wuraren ciyawa, suna da hanyoyin fita da yawa.
Babban abin farauta na jakuna ja sune rodents, sunada kamar 90% na abincin. Masu gandun daji suna neman berayen ciyawa, da ƙanƙan ƙwayar bera da waka. Kuma ragowar abincin ya ƙunshi ƙananan antelopes, alal misali, ƙawar Nyala da awaki.
A cikin wallafe-wallafen, ana kuma kiran wannan mafarautan da ƙyar Wolf na Habasha, Italiyanci ko Symen Fox
Habasha karnukan Habasha ba suna farautar garken ba cikin kungiyoyi, amma a ware, wanda ya bambanta su da sauran fakitin masu farautar. A wasu lokutan ana iya farauta farauta da manya koguna tare da kananan dabbobi. Ji da hangen nesa na wadannan mafarautan an inganta su sosai, godiya garesu wanda zasu iya gano ganima a wuraren bude ido. Hakanan zasu iya tono wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin kasa. Sukan binne ragowar ganima a cikin ƙasa ko jefa kayan sharar gida.
Sau da yawa waɗannan magabatan suna yin gasa don abinci tare da karnukan daji, amma babban abokin gaba shi ne mutum. Adadin rayuwar karnukan Habashawa shine shekaru 8-9.
Subspe of Wolves na Habasha
Masana kimiyya sun bambanta rabe-raben rakumi guda 2:
• C. s. Citernii suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin kwarin, Rift
• Ana samun canis simensis simensis a arewacin kwarin.
Yaran dabbobi yawanci suna zama a wuraren haihuwarsu, suna haɗuwa cikin garken mutane 2-8.
Tsarin zamantakewar mutane na ja jackals
Wadannan masu hasashen suna nuna halayen zamantakewa da ba a sani ba. Suna zaune a cikin kungiyoyin dangi na mutane 6-13, yayin da mambobin kungiyar ke da kusanci. Rakun jan karnuka masu launin ja, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya ƙunshi waɗannan mutane: kimanin karnukan karnuka 6, daga 1 zuwa 6 shekara karnukan karnuka da andan karnuka 1-7.
Maza bayan balaga ba sa barin garken su. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na maza suna da rinjaye, sauran kuma suna ƙasa da ƙasa, amma wanda ke ƙasa bayan mutuwar alpha zai iya riƙe matsayinsa. Wasu mata suna barin garken su kuma suna tsammanin mutuwar babbar mace ce, to sai su yi ƙoƙari su maye matsayin babbar mace su fara kiwo. A tsakanin mata manya, kamar kashi ɗaya bisa uku sune alpha mace, yayin da mata a cikin babban matsayin basa iya miji.
Dawakiyar Habasha ƙwararre ce ta fannin ilimin ɗan adam, tana zaune ne a yankuna marasa katako a cikin nisan mil 3,000 da sama.
Membobin garken a kullun suna iyakokin iyakokin shafin su da feces da fitsari. Hakanan suna amfani da alamun gani, wato, suna taɓar bishiyoyi suna ta kuka. Jaket ja suna iya yin sauti iri iri. Idan waɗanda ba a san su ba suka hallara, sai su fara hawaye, wannan waƙa ta ƙare da masu maye.
Karnukan karnuka na Habasha suna ta kuka da ƙarfi, ana iya jin sautinsu a nesa nesa har zuwa mita 5.
Amfanin da illolin karnukan kidan Habasha ga mutane
Jaket ja basa barazanar dabbobi, amma a wasu bangarori na mutane har yanzu mutane suna bin waɗannan mafarautan. Wadannan dabbobin suna yan dako ne na rabies, sabili da haka yana iya zama haɗari ga mutane.
Jahilcin karnukan karnukan Habasha ba a yaba musu.
Halin Jackididdigar Jama'a na Jackwalƙwalwa
Karnukan karnuka na Habasha sune nau'ikan da ake samun sawu a cikin Littafin Ruwan Kasa. Yawan jakkunan jan kaya daga mutane 300-500.
Babbar barazanar da ke addabar jama'a ita ce asarar mazauna, wanda ke da alaƙa da ci gaban gonakin tumaki, noma da gina hanyoyi. Hakanan, kyarketan Habasha suna mutuwa daga cututtuka daban-daban: annobar canine, rabies, da makamantansu. Kashewar jinsunan kuma na faruwa ne sakamakon tsallake karnukan karnuka tare da karnukan gida da haihuwar wasu mutane.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.