Barka da zuwa shafi na 404! Kuna nan saboda shigar da adireshin shafi wanda babu shi ko an koma da shi wani adireshin.
Wannan shafin da kuka nema na iya juyawa ko an share shi. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa kun yi karamin typo lokacin shigar da adiresoshin - wannan yana faruwa har ma tare da mu, don haka sake bincika shi a hankali.
Da fatan za a yi amfani da maballin kewayawa ko kuma neman hanyar neman bayanin da kake sha'awar. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, to ku rubuta wa shugaba.
Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa
Wannan labarin game da asalin halittar tsuntsaye Parus, sauran tsuntsayen gidan Paridae, Aegithalidae da Paradoxornithidae suma ana kiransu titmouse. Wakilin da aka saba da shi na kwayoyin shine Babban Tit (Parus babba), wanda ke yaduwa a cikin Rasha.
Buƙatar Apus an juyar da ita anan, don tauraron gani Bird of Paradise (hadadden) Kyauta, ko kyauta na yau da kullun (Latin Apus, daga wasu Girkanci "leg" mara ƙaranci ") - asalin halittar tsuntsaye na swifts iyali.
Wannan labarin ya danganta ne game da dabi'ar Halittar Streptopelia, wanda kuma ake kira wakilan wasu sauran tattabarai suna samar da ƙarfi kamar Streptopelia. Streptopelia ko Streptopelia (lat.
Bayyanar
Iyalin Kingfisher galibi ne kanana, galibi suna zaune da tsuntsaye masu kyau. Babban fasalin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna wakiltar babban katako mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, har da gajerun layuka. Siffar ta bambanta da nau'in ganima, don haka mutane masu cin kifaye suna da kaifi mai madaidaiciya kuma madaidaiciya, kuma a cikin kukabara yana da faɗi sosai kuma ba tsayi da yawa ba, wanda aka saba da shi don murkushe ganima a cikin nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ko kuma kananan dabbobi. Kayan kwayoyi da suka kware a kama tsutsotsi da mazaunan sihiri suna da baki wanda ke da sifar ƙyalli.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kasancewar launuka mai haske mai haske a ciki shine sakamakon kasancewar ƙyalran fuloti na musamman a cikin gashin fuka-fukan, sauran kayan fuka-fukai suna da tsari na zahiri na musamman suna nuna wani kwatankwacin bakan, sabili da haka suna da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da kayan adon ƙarfe.
Ba tare da la'akari da jinsin ba, duk wakilan dangin Zimorodkov ana san su da gajeren ɗan paws tare da yatsun hannu na gaba a kan wani muhimmin ɓangare na tsawon. Girman tsuntsayen Alcedinidae sun bambanta sosai. Misali, mafi ƙanƙanin tsuntsayen sune wakilai daga gandun daji na masarautar Afirka (Isridina lecoteñi). Tsawon wannan tsuntsu ba ya wuce 10 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin 10 g. Daga cikin wakilan mafi girma na dangi sune Pied pie giant kingfisher (Megaceryle maxima), kazalika da kookaburra mai dariya (Dacelo novaeguinee), yana kaiwa tsawon 38-40 cm tare da nauyin 350-400 g.
Rayuwa da halaye
Adadin sarki isan sarki yanzu suna zaune a yankunansu akasari ba ɗaya ba. Irin wannan yankin dole ya hada da shimfidar gabar gabar teku mai nisan mil daya. Duk wani baƙon da ya bayyana a yankin da aka bashi kariya ana korar shi a dalilin sa'in. Da farkon lokacin hunturu, sarakuna suke barin ƙasashensu, suna ƙaura kusa da kudanci har zuwa lokacin bazara.
Abubuwan Sarki
Dangane da ra'ayin marubutan daban-daban, an sanya nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar ga mazaunin Alsedo, amma bisa ga Internationalungiyar Internationalasa ta ofasashen Duniya, mutum na iya rarrabewa:
- Na gama gari, ko kuma Blue Kingfisher (lat. Alcedo atthis) - karamin tsuntsu wanda yay girma ya fi girma fiye da talakawa sparrow. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da shuɗewa mai haske, mai sheki a sama da launin shuɗi-launi a launi, tare da ƙananan saƙo na haske a fuka-fuki da kai. Tsuntsu ya fitar da wata irin caccakar saƙo kamar "Tiip-Tiip-Tiip." Wannan tallafin ya hada da wasu rassa guda shida - suka zauna da ƙaura,
- Sanya jiki mai santsi da Kingfisher (lat. Alcedo eurozona) - Tsuntsayen Asiya tare da farin makogwaro, wani shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu da kuma saman ɓangarorin fikafikan, fararen fata ko ruwan lemu, ciki da ƙananan gefen fikafikan. An sanya rasuwa biyu zuwa wannan nau'in,
- Manyan launuka masu launin shudi (lat. Alcedo Hercules) - Tsuntsayen Asiya, waɗanda sune manyan wakilan halittar. An bambanta tsuntsu da baki baki, shugowar shudi, wani shuɗi mai launin shuɗi babba na fuka-fuki, farin makogwaro, kirji mai launin shuɗi, ciki da ƙananan gefen fikafikan,
- Blue-eared Kingfisher (lat. Gudanarwa na Alcedo) - Tsuntsayen Asiya, suna kama da na kayan sarki masu kama da kamanni. Babban bambanci ana wakilta shi da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a cikin babba da fuka-fukan orange mai haske a jikin ƙananan. Wannan nau'in ya hada da rassa shida,
- Turkiya (lat. Alcedo yakara mallaka) - wani tsuntsu na Afirka wanda yake da baki baki, shugowar shudi, wani shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu na fuka-fukai, wani farin amai, mai launi mai launin shuɗi a cikin kirji, ciki da ƙashin bayan fikafikan. An sanya rassa biyu zuwa wannan nau'in.
Hakanan, kwararru na theungiyar ofasashen Duniya na Ornithologists suna cikin halittar halittar Alsedo Small Blue Kingfisher (Alsedo sorulessesens) da Cobalt, ko kuma na sarki -ishin sarki na Al-mahaifa (Alsedo semitoroquata).
Masana kimiyya za su dawo da mammoth zuwa Siberiya a cikin shekaru 30-50
Ana fatan samun kusan rufewa mammoth tare da kawo daukacin yawan waɗannan dabbobin. A cewar Hendrik Poynar, farfesa na ilimin halittar halittar halittu a Jami'ar Kanada da ke McMaster, wannan kusan shekaru 30-50 kenan.
Habitat, mazauni
Kasuwancin masarautar masarafi ya zama ruwan dare a Eurasia, a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, da New Zealand da Indonesia, da kuma a New Guinea da Solomon Islands. Sararin saman-gado mai cike da farin jini sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dazuzzukan rigar sanyi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kusan duk wakilan 'Kingfisher' na dabi'un sun zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma suna zaune a yankin Afirka, sassan kudancin Turai da Asiya, Australiya da New Guinea, da kuma tsibirin Solomon. A cikin ƙasar ƙasarmu akwai nau'o'i biyar waɗanda wakilai da yawa suka wakilta.
Manyan shimfidar sarki a bakin teku suna zaune a cikin koguna kuma a cikin dazuzzukan daji mai dausayi a kudu maso gabas Asia. Yankunan wannan nau'in sun haɗu daga Himalayan Sikkim zuwa tsibirin Hainan na kasar Sin. Wakilan kowane reshe na masarautar jan-zina suna zaune a yankuna kusa da koguna da Wuraren, suna fifita dazuzzukan da babu ko da yaushe. Sarakunan gargajiya na Turquoise suna rayuwa a cikin gandun daji mai tsananin zafi a Tsakiyar da Yammacin Afirka.
Kingfisher
Kingfishers (Latin: Alcedo) sune halittar halittar tsuntsaye mallakar dangin sarki, umarnin Rakseobraznye da Kingfisher na halittar. Dangane da labari mai ban sha'awa, asalin sunan shine saboda gurbata sunan tsuntsu wanda yake rayuwa kuma yake tatattar kajin a cikin rubabbun burbushin - shrew.
A cikin hoto - na gama gari, ko kuma shukar sarki (lat. Alcedo atthis) - ƙaramin tsuntsu. Tana da haske mai haske, mai sheki a sama, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tare da ƙananan saƙo mai haske a fuka-fuki da kai.
Tsuntsu ya fitar da wani jigon jigon “nau’in-Triip”.
Ba a san ko ta zauna a nan ba, ko ta ƙaura.
Abincin Abincin Sarki
Wani muhimmin sashi na abincin sarki shine wanda kananan kifin ke wakilta, gami da shaye shaye, launin toka, sikirin, char da ƙanana. Tsuntsaye sukan kama daga irin wannan ganima daga wurin 'yan kwanto. Idan za ta yiwu, masu fashin angẹli da son kama ƙananan ɓarna, kwari, kwaya da tadpoles. Maƙallin sarki yana zaune ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba a jikin rassan ko ciyawar ciyawar da aka rataye a ruwa, ko kuma yana amfani da duwatsun da katsewar tekun a zaman saɓo.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Abun da ya faru shine mamaki da yawa bugun bugun reshe ga reshe, bayan wannan shine sarki ya ciccire shi da gemunsa ya hadiye kansa da gaba. Kifayen kifi da sikeli suna ta birgima tare da sarki mai aikin inshora na lokaci.
Za a iya gano ganima ta wani lokaci mai tsawo, bayan haka tsuntsun nan da sauri ya shiga cikin ruwa ya mutu nan take. Da abin da aka kama a cikin beak, sarki mai gadin ya sake komawa inda yake, ko kuma wurin sanya ido. Godiya ga kuzarin dunkule masu karfi da gajerun fikafikai, tsuntsu zai iya tashi da sauri cikin iska.
Rushewar abubuwan da ake amfani da su daga dinosaur suna haɗuwa da faɗuwar ganye
Falladdamar da tauraro mai wutsiya, wanda kusan muna iya ɗaukar ƙarshen lalata abubuwan dinosaur, yana da wani mummunan sakamako - dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe. Wannan ƙarshen binciken ya samu ta hanyar masana burbushin halittu waɗanda suka yi nazarin canji a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara.
Abokan halitta
Wakilan dangin Kingfisher, umarnin Rakshoobrazny da kuma halittar Kingfisher ba su da abokan gaba, amma matasa kuma ba cikakkiyar tsuntsaye ba za su iya zama ganima ga falcon da shaho. Mafarauta a wasu ƙasashe yawanci farauta kayan sarki ne da yin dabbobi da kaya daga kofofinsu. Duk da gaskiyar cewa kingfishers basu da abokan gaba na halitta, adadin ire-iren wadannan tsuntsayen suna ta raguwa gaba daya, sakamakon lamuran yanayin halittar gandun daji da tafkunan.
Kiwo da zuriya
Dukkanin kayan sarki suna cikin nau'in tsuntsayen matan aure, amma tsakanin maza akwai yawanci mutane dayake haifar dayawa a lokaci daya. Don ma'aurata su samar, namiji an gabatar wa mace tare da kifin da aka kama. Idan an karɓi irin wannan kyautar, to ana kafa iyali. An kirkiro nau'i-nau'i musamman don lokacin dumi, kuma tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, kayan abincin sarki sun tashi daban-daban don hunturu. Bayan haka, a lokacin bazara, irin wadannan tsuntsayen suka koma tsohuwar gidansu, kuma biyun sun sake haduwa.
Kingfisher ya haƙa tarko a bakin gabar teku, a saman dutsen, a nan kusa da tafkin. Kabarin ko ƙofar zuwa gida yana ɓoye ta rassan bishiyoyi ko shrubs, kazalika da tushen tsirrai. Matsakaicin nisanniyar tsakanin keɓaɓɓun gida na nau'i-nau'i daban-daban shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, 0.3-1.0 km ko dan kadan fiye da haka. Cikakken shirin motsawa a cikin gida har zuwa tsawon mita yana da yanayin kwance. Irin wannan “rami na tsuntsu” mai ƙoshin gaske dole ya ƙare tare da tsawaita ta musamman - ɗakunan gida, amma ba tare da zuriyar dabbobi ba.
Clutch na iya ƙunsar 4-11 fari da ƙwai masu haske, amma galibi yawan su bai wuce guda 5-8 ba. Eggsa'yan biyu suna ɗayan mahaifansu sau biyu a cikin makonni uku, bayan wannan ne aka haife kawunansu kuma marasa cikakkun abubuwan girki. Tsuntsayen suna girma da sauri kuma suna samun nauyi sosai, wanda aka bayyana shi ta hanyar inganta abinci mai gina jiki a cikin nau'in larvae na kwari iri daban-daban.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kimanin wata daya bayan haihuwar, bayan ya sami ƙarfi kuma ya sami ƙarfi, kajin sarki ya fara tashi daga ramin iyayen. Yara tsuntsayen basu da fuka-fukai marasa haske kuma basu da girma da girma ga manya.
Don 'yan kwanaki, da girma girma tashi tare da iyayensa, wanda a wannan lokacin ci gaba da ciyar da zuriya. Yanayin da ya dace da isasshen yanayin yana ba da damar samar da kayan sarauta don aiwatar da ɗayan na biyu da haɓaka ɗayansu, a shirye don jirgin sama mai cin gashin kansa daga tsakiyar ƙarshen watannin ƙarshe.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Kingfisher na yau da kullun yana da matsayin ba damuwa ba. Kimanin mutane dubu ɗari uku suna zaune ne kawai a cikin Turai, kuma adadin a ƙasashe da yawa yanzu ya tabbata. Koyaya, sarki yana cikin jerin Bookan littafin Buya na Buryatia, kuma ba a san abubuwan da ke iyakance yawan mutanen ba a yau.