Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu, tsawon jikin sa kimanin cm 25 umarna inaya a cikin maza shine launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙi, a cikin mata da samari matasa yana da launin shuɗi tare da aibobi akan kirji Daga baki zuwa ido akwai wani bakin fari wanda ake kira da “amarya”. Lissafi launin ruwan kasa ne ko launin ruwan kasa mai ja, mai tsayi da ƙarfi. Idanun ja.
An rarraba shi a cikin gandun daji masu rarrafe da gauraye. Da farko ana ɗaukar sama a rawanin bishiyoyi, saboda haka ba a gani. Tsuntsu mai wayar hannu, cikin sauri da sauri yana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe a cikin ciyawar itaciya mai yawa.
Yaduwa 1 lokaci a lokacin bazara. Rataya shinge, mai ƙarfi a cikin cokali mai yatsun rassan a tsayi na 11 zuwa 20. m, containsaƙƙarfan ya ƙunshi farin ƙwai na 3-5 tare da ruwan hoda ko ƙanshi mai tsami da kuma saƙo mai launin shuɗi. Yin kiyayya yana wuce kwanaki 13-15, galibi mace ta zauna.
Yana ciyarwa a kan kwari, ƙasa da berries. Wani lokacin maɗauran ƙananan tsuntsaye kamar su launin toka-toka da kuma redstart suna lalata.
Wharfin Oriole yayi kama da sautin karar, kuma tsawa mai ƙarfi shine babban bishiyar fushi.
Bayyanar
Abubuwan launi suna bayyana kyawawan halaye na dimorphism, wanda mata da maza suna da bambance-bambance na waje sosai. Jumbin maza mai launin shuɗi ne, yana da fikafikai da baƙar fata. Ringarfin wutsiya da fikafikan suna wakilta da ƙananan ramu-rawaya. Daga baki da zuwa idanunsa akwai wata hanyar tsagewa ta musamman, “gado”, tsawonta ya dogara ne da halaye na waje na wadancan kasashe.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Dangane da halayen gashin fuka-fukan wutsiya da kai, da kuma dogaro da kujerun fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye, a halin yanzu an rarrabe nau'ikan da ke cikin Oriole.
Matan suna halin babban launi mai launin rawaya-mai launin shuɗi da mai laushi mai laushi mai duhu tare da kullun duhu na tsari mai tsayi. Fuka-fukan surayen launin toka ne. Gashin mata da maza launin ruwan kasa ne ko launin ruwan kasa, launin dogaye kuma mai ƙarfi isa. Iris m ja. Appearancewararrun gashin gashin gashi shine mafi mahimmacin mata, amma sun bambanta a gaban ƙyalƙyali, duhu mai duhu da yadudduka a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren.
Rayuwa da halaye
Gidajen gargajiya na Turai sun koma gidajensu a kusan shekaru goma na farko na Mayu. Maza da suke ƙoƙarin mamaye gidajensu sune farkon waɗanda zasu dawo daga hunturu. Mata suna zuwa kwana uku zuwa hudu. A waje na lokacin farauta, Oriole na ɓoye ya fi son zama na musamman shi kaɗai, amma wasu ma'aurata suna zama ba za a iya raba su ba duk shekara.
Orioles ba ya son buɗe yankuna, saboda haka an iyakance ga gajerun jiragen sama daga wannan itaciya zuwa waccan. Kasancewar dangin oriole za'a iya tantance su ta hanyar waƙoƙin zabin waƙa waɗanda suka yi kama da muryar sarewa. Har ila yau, Manyan Orioles sun fi son ciyar da bishiyoyi, tsalle sama da rassan da tattara ɗaruruwan kwari. Da farko na kaka, tsuntsaye sukan tashi don hunturu don ƙara ƙarfi a ƙarshen yanayi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Muryar ana wakilta shi ta hanyar bambance-bambancen da yawa, amma hankulan Oriole wani kururuwa ne wanda aka ɗauka mai ɗaukar hankali da sauti mai ban mamaki "gi-gi-gi-gi-gi" ko maɗaukakan "fiu-liu-li".
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin wayoyi masu hannu da shuni suna aiki da sauri kuma kusan a hankali suna tsalle daga wannan reshe zuwa wani, suna ɓoye a bayan manyan itaciyar bishiyoyi. A cikin jirgin, Oriole yana motsawa cikin raƙuman ruwa, wanda yayi kama da blackbirds da katako. Matsakaicin tashin jirgin sama shine 40-47 km / h, amma maza wasu lokuta zasu iya kaiwa da sauri zuwa 70 km / h. Dukkanin membobin gidan Oriole da wuya su tashi zuwa cikin buɗe.
Habitat, mazauni
Oriole wani yanki ne mai yaduwa.. Yankin ya mamaye yankin kusan dukkanin Turai da kuma yankin Turai na Rasha. A cewar masana kimiyya, Oriole da wuya kewaya a cikin Tsibiri na Burtaniya kuma lokaci-lokaci yakan faru a Isles of Scilly da kuma gabar kudu na Ingila. Hakanan an lura da nestinggular na gida a tsibirin Madeira da kuma wuraren Azores. Yankin kiwo a Asiya ya mamaye yankin yamma.
Hakanan zai kasance mai ban sha'awa:
Orioles suna ciyar da rayuwa mai mahimmanci a rayuwarsu ta isasshen tsayi, a cikin kambi da foan itace da yawa. Tsuntsu na wannan nau'in ya fi son bangarorin gandun daji masu haske da tsayi, akasari yankuna masu rarrabewa, wakilcin Birch, Willow ko groves groves.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da gaskiyar cewa Oriole yayi ƙoƙarin kauce wa tsaftataccen gandun daji da taiga, irin waɗannan wakilan dangin Oriole suna da yardar kansu su zauna kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, sun fifita lambuna, wuraren shakatawa da kuma shinge gandun daji na gefen titi.
A yankuna maras kyau, Oriole yakan zauna a cikin kwari mai zurfin tugai. Lessarancin mafi yawan lokaci, ana samun tsuntsayen a wurare masu cike da ciyayi na gandun daji na Pine da kuma tsibiran da ba kowa ciki tare da ciyayi. A wannan yanayin, tsuntsaye suna ciyar da ciyawar Heather ko kuma neman abinci a cikin yashi.
Abinci na Oriole
Oriole na yau da kullun na iya cin abinci ba wai kawai dasa abinci mai kyau ba, har ma da abinci mai ƙoshin dabbobi sosai. A lokacin yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa,' yan itaciya, da yardar rai tsuntsaye za su ci su da 'ya'yan itace irin waɗannan albarkatu kamar su ceri da currant, inabi da cherries. Adult Orioles suna ba da zaɓi ga pear da ɓaure.
Lokacin haihuwar aiki ya zo daidai da tsarin abincin tsuntsayen da aka ciyar da su da irin abincin dabbobi, wanda aka gabatar:
- itace kwari a cikin nau'i na iri-iri matafila,
- kaurace sauro
- earwigs
- in mun gwada da manyan dragonflies,
- daban-daban malam buɗe ido
- kwari itace
- kwari da kwari
- wasu gizo-gizo.
Lokaci-lokaci, kujerun kananan tsuntsaye sukan lalace, gami da aikin redstart da launin toka-toka. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wakilan dangin oriole suna ci da safe, amma wani lokacin ana iya jinkirta wannan tsari har zuwa abincin rana.
Abokan halitta
Oriole galibi yana fama da shaho da falcon, mikiya da kwari.. Musamman masu haɗari ana ɗauka lokaci ne na farauta. A wannan lokacin ne manya suka sami damar zama a faɗake, suna sauya gabaɗaya ga ilimin thea .an. Koyaya, wurin da ba a iya shiga inda gida yake a matsayin tabbacin tabbacin kare kajin da manya daga magabata da yawa.
Kiwo da zuriya
Maza suna da kyan gani tare da abokan hulɗarsu, suna yin amfani da wannan maƙasudin waƙar mawaƙar karin waƙa. A cikin sati guda, tsuntsayen sun sami wa kansu biyu, kuma bayan hakan mace ta fara zaɓar wani wuri mai dacewa don ginin gidan, har ila yau fara aikinta. Gida na Oriole yana da nesa sosai a saman ƙasa. Don kyawawan kamaninta, an zaɓi cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan a nesa mai kyau daga tushe na shuka.
A cikin bayyanar, gida yana da kansa yayi kama da kwando, ƙaramin girman-kwando. Dukkanin abubuwanda suke dauke da kayan wannan sifar an sanya su a hankali tare da dogaro ga cokali mai yatsu ta hanyar amfani da kalma, bayan wannnan bangon gida yana saka. Kamar yadda ake amfani da kayan gini don saƙa da kwandon kwandon, fiber na kayan lambu, filawar igiya da kuma tumakin raguna, ɓarna da kuma ɓangaren ciyayi, busassun ciyawa da koko na kwari, gansakuka da katako na itace ake amfani da su. Ciki a cikin gida yana da yalwa tare da gansakuka da gashinsa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ginin irin wannan aikin yana ɗaukar kwanaki bakwai zuwa goma, bayan haka mace ta sanya ƙwai uku ko huɗu na launin farar fata, fararen fata ko ruwan hoda tare da kasancewar launin baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa a farfajiya.
Mace ta kekketa ita kadai, kuma bayan wasu makwanni kajin kajin suna kyankyasa. Dukkanin yaran da suka bayyana a cikin Yuni daga farkon lokacin rayuwar su suna kulawa da kuma jin daɗin iyayensu, wanda ke kare su daga sanyi, ruwan sama da zafin rana. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana kawo abinci ga mace da zuriyarta. Da dai yaran sunyi girma, duka iyayen sun je neman abinci. Grownan shekaru biyu masu girma oriole kajin ana kiransa fleglings. Suna tashi daga gida kuma suna kan rassan makwabta. A wannan lokacin, har yanzu basu san yadda zasu mallaki abincin kansu ba kuma suna iya zama masu sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta. Mace da namiji suna ciyar da saurayi har bayan sun "tsaya akan reshe."
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Dangane da bayanan hukuma wanda Unionungiyar forasa ta Duniya ke Kula da Halittar ureabi'a, Orioles ta kasance ga yawancin jinsunan Oriental Oriole, oda Vorobinobraznye da Orioles na iyali. Tabbas, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami dabi'ar rage yawan jama'a daga irin wadannan tsuntsayen, amma jinsin ba shi da hadarin lalata. Dangane da littafin Red Book na duniya, Oriole a halin yanzu yana da matsayin mai harajin mai hadarin gaske kuma an sanya shi a matsayin LC.
Turai Oriole, Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Oriolus oriolus oriolus)
Maza manya suna da launin rawaya mai haske a launi a baya, kai da kuma bango na jiki, fuka-fukai baƙaƙen fata ne, tare da manyan fikalai masu launin shuɗi, da fuka-fukai masu haske, fuka-fukai mafi tsayi na babban wutsiya da ƙarƙashinsu suna da blackish apical spots, amarya tana da baƙi, baƙar fata, tare da fiɗa mai rawaya, ba za a iya lura da shi ba a kan tsakiyar tsakiya kuma ya kai kusan nisa a kan webs na ciki na matsanancin kusurwoyi, bakan gizo ya yi ja, beki ne matsi brownish-ja, kafafu sune launin launin toka-launin a launi. A cikin mata, a saman jikin mutum, ana maye gurbin launin rawaya da zaitun-greenish, wutsiyar rawaya tana kan fikafikan, baki yana canza launin brownish a fuka-fukai, kwalkwali na tsakiya yana kore da duhu mai duhu, ƙasan shine launin toka-whitish tare da ƙari ko ƙasa fasali na gangar jikin, tare da launin rawaya, underwings da bangarorin. Matasa kamar mata suke. Gari bebe wutsiya tsayin
Yankin Turai Oriole yana yaduwa a tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Turai, ya kai 60 ° C a Scandinavia. w. a cikin yankin Turai na USSR, yana isa gabas zuwa Altai da arewacin Semirechye. Masu cin nasara a Afirka kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan a Sindh.
Turkestan Oriole, Oriolus turkestanicus (T. tsibirin turkestanikus)
Bambance-bambance daga Oriole-Siberian na Turai: baƙar fata baƙi yana gudana a bayan ido (amma ban da baya na kai), matsanancin helmsmen a cikin maza manya sun kasance gaba ɗaya launin shuɗi, madubi mai raɗaɗi a reshe ya fi girma, a cikin mata mafi ƙarancin launin rawaya. Karo na biyu galibi ya fi na biyar girma, yayin da a cikin O. kusan. rabo oriolus shine akasin haka. Girma ya ɗan ƙarami: reshe
Yanki a cikin Turkestan, arewa zuwa Syr-Darya lowland da kuma Alexander Alexander da tsakiyar Tien Shan.
Kolale na fata-baki na kasar Sin, Oriolus chinensis diffusus (O. chinensis diffus)
Sideashin gefe na jiki a cikin maza manya ne mai rawaya mai haske, ɓangaren ɓangaren kai da wuyansa, ƙananan coverss da wutsiyoyi, da kuma ƙarshen murfin manyan coverss - rawaya, baya, tsakiyar suttukan fuka-fuki, guntun suttattun ƙananan kwari masu saukar ungulu da kuma rigar a kan ƙananan ƙananan kore kore rawaya , webs na ciki na sauran kananan matattun kwari da kuma ragowar kwari - bakar fata, siyayyar tsakiya, bakwai mai launin baki, yayin da suke matsowa tsakiyar wutsiya, sansanonin bakar fata sun mamaye matattakalar. sarari, amarya, wani yanki a bayan ido da kuma faɗan faɗin baki a baya. Mace ta bambanta da na namiji saboda cewa helmsmen na tsakiya masu launin kore ne, baya yana da duhu da launin shuɗi, launin rawaya akan fika, wuya da kai an maye gurbinsu da zaitun-yellowish, amarya, tabo a bayan ido da ƙyallen a kan kambi duhu ne, launin ruwan kasa, ƙasan ya zama fari a makogwaro, tsakiyar kirji da ciki, tare da baƙi mai sauƙi ko ƙasa mai fasali mai banƙyama, rashin hankali, kayan ciki da tarnaƙi suna rawaya. Wani lokacin tsohuwar mace ta zama kusan gaba ɗaya ga maza, tana bambanta da su kawai a cikin masu taimaka wa mata da gogaggun. Matasa kamar su ne na mata da aka bayyana kawai.
Ya fi girma fiye da na Oriole na yau da kullun, wanda aka sananne sosai a cikin paws kuma a cikin baki (fuka-fukan suna da ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan): metatarsus shine ɗan baki.
Wannan Oriole an rarraba shi daga Kudancin Dauria a gefen kwarin Amur da Ussuri, ya isa yamma da Blagoveshchensk, kazalika a China da kuma tsibirin Formosa. Masu cin nasara a cikin Indiya, Burma, Ceylon, a kan tekun Malacca da Indochina.