Send

Kisan kifi Whale ya samo sunansa ba kwata-kwata saboda yana da wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare tare da khalifan kisa, amma.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature

Karatun dabba - mujallar kan layi game da dabbobi

Dabbobi suna da magunguna iri-iri da yawa waɗanda yanayi ke bayarwa da karimci don su iya.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature

Karatun dabba - mujallar kan layi game da dabbobi

-Wanƙwasa itace-inedan itace uku - karamin kifi wanda ya ceci katangar Leningrad
https://animalreader.ru/kolyushka-trehiglaya-krohotna ..

Madadin fin, karamin ɗan sanduna da ke toka a bayanta ana rikitar da shi da murmushin da ke zaune a arewa.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature

White-eared lyotrix: kwatancen, salon rayuwa da matsayin tsuntsu a yanayi

Farin fari-fari mai karami, karamin tsuntsu ne mai santsi da aka san shi nan da nan a karkashin sunaye biyu - hada da mai fadada-mai farin azurfa da lyotrix mai farin kaya. A sauƙaƙe ya bambanta da sauran nau'in a cikin wata karamar hula a kai, gashin baki da kuma cheeks na azurfa.

Abu ne mai sauki gane farin-eared lyotrix: dabarun rasberi na fuka-fuki da jela ana gani a jikin zaitun. Fuka-fukan da launin toka a kunnuwa suka ba da suna ga jinsin - ean fari na zinare.

Namiji yana da goshi mai rawaya, amai da kirji mai haske launin rawaya-orange. An rufe baya tare da gashin fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi-baki tare da inuwa mai launin toka.

Fuka fikafikan suna da fadi da rawaya mai launi iri daban daban. Dogon jeji baki daya ne. Tsarin wutsiya tare da ƙarshen murabba'i, ba mai haɓaka ba. Theososun da tukwane na gashin fuka-fukai masu haske ne. Murfin gashin gashin mace tayi daidai da na abokin, amma nadinta tana da launin ruwan kasa, gashinta kuma launin shuɗi-zaitun.

Lan ƙaramin samari suna kama da tsuntsaye na manya, sai dai cewa gashin tsuntsayen saman suna da launin rawaya. Idan aka kwatanta da iyayensu, suna kama da masu saukin kai.

Bayan 'yan watanni, kajin molt kuma daga baya bayan 3 molts saya plumage, kamar yadda a cikin manya lyotriks. Iris na ido ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi. Beak orange ne mai tushe mai launin ruwan kasa. Kafafu suna launin rawaya.

Farin-eared lyotrix (Leiothrix argentauris).

Farar fata mai launin fari-daji a cikin wani dazuzzukan da ke cikin wurare masu zafi ana iya rarrabe shi da sauran nau'in tsuntsaye ta hanyar tsananin tashinsu, wanda wasu lokutan ke nunawa da tsawan tsafi. Wadannan waƙoƙin wani lokaci suna tare da babbar murya. White-eared lyotrixes, lokacin da suke raira waƙa, sau da yawa suna girgiza fikafikansu.

Rarraba Buyo-Eared Lyotrix

Ana samun farin farin Litrix a cikin wani yanki mai yawa daga kudu maso gabas Asia, Pakistan da Indonesia zuwa Vietnam da China. Tsarin tsuntsaye guda bakwai suna zaune a cikin Himalayas a arewa maso gabashin Indiya (Darjeeling, Sikkim, NEFA), a Nepal da Bhutan. Mahalli sun hada da Burma, South China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia da Malay Peninsula. Kasashe biyu sun zama a tsibiran Sumatra, Indonesia.

Fitowa masu launin fari-ƙasa masu yawa ne: a cikin tsaunuka, a kan filaye, cikin gandun daji da kuma filayen.

Habitat na farin-eared lyotrix

Farar fata mai launin fari-fari suna zaune galibin bude wurare. Suna zaune a cikin kurmi, a tsakanin kananan ciyayi, da aka girke daji, a cikin dazuzzuka dazuzzukan da suka zama gindin daji. A cikin gandun dajin wadannan tsuntsayen ana iya ganinsu a gefen makiyaya, da kuma wurare masu shinge. Suna zaune a cikin inda babu kowa ciki, a bar lambuna da gonar shayi. A cikin tsaunuka sun haɗu da tsayin mita 2100 sama da matakin teku.

Siffofin halayyar fararen fata-fiyayyen halitta

Farar fata mai launin fata-zaune tana zaune cikin gungun tsuntsaye 6 zuwa 30 har ma da ƙari. Sukan ɓoye a cikin daji a cikin kurmi, amma wani lokacin tashi zuwa babba babba kusan zuwa kololuwar dutsen.

Lyotrix yana ƙaunar ɓoyewa a cikin daji.

Abubuwan da suke da fari-lyotrixes sune tsuntsaye masu aiki wadanda suke neman kwari a koda yaushe. Suna ɗaukar abubuwan da ba za'a iya misaltawa ba lokacin da suka bincika ganyayyaki, suna nuna beads da aka zube akan rassan. Lokacin motsi daga wannan bishiya zuwa wancan, farin fari-jiki fari akan motsi, tare da motsin tare da haske, ba mai sauraro ba twitter. Suna ba da hankalin tsuntsaye masu tsananin fushinsu, a koda yaushe suna hanzarta al'amuran tsuntsayensu. Wani lokaci sukan sanya hanyoyi don bin maƙiyansu. Tun watan Afrilu, tsuntsaye ke yin cudanya, halayen farashi masu launin fari sun zama mai kamewa. A wannan lokacin, yana da matukar wahala a lura da yanayin tsuntsaye a dabi'a.

A lokacin bazara, tsuntsaye ne marasa kan gado, amma a cikin hunturu suna motsawa daga wurare masu tsayi. Yayin tafiyar tsuntsaye, abin da ake kira 'raƙuman ruwa' 'suna ba da ra'ayi na musamman ga masu sa ido - manyan garken da tsuntsaye suke haɗuwa da gudu tare da wasu thimelias. Manya da aka yi wa ado na azurfa suna kashe mafi yawan lokacinsu a duniya. Yana yin yawo tare da zuriyar dabbobi, tsuntsaye marasa hutawa suna kallo a ƙarƙashin ganyayyakin da suka faɗi, suna neman kwari, ko ɗiban 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka faɗi, ƙasa da tsaba. Lokaci zuwa lokaci suna tashi zuwa itaciya, zuwa tsayi mara tsayi sama da mita biyar.

Tun watan Afrilu, tsuntsaye ke yin cudanya, halayen farashi masu launin fari sun zama mai kamewa.

Sake bugun farin-ellen lyotrix

Lokacin kiwo ya wuce daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Gida shine kwano da matsakaicin matsakaitan tsini na 8.5 cm da zurfin cm cm 8. An gina shi daga ganyen bamboo da sauran kayan shuka kamar ciyawa da gansakuka. Tsuntsaye masu aiki da ƙarfi suna gina shi cikin kwanaki huɗu. Katangar kusan 6 cm an yi liyi da ƙananan asalin sa. Gida yana cikin bushes a tsayin da bai wuce mita 2 sama da ƙasa ba, wani lokacin ma fewan santimita ne kawai daga saman duniya. Mace yawanci yakan sanya fararen biyu zuwa biyar tare da fari mai launin fari. Dukansu iyayen suna sakawa, mace tana juyawa tare da namiji.

Lokacin shiryawa yana daga kwan farko da tsawon kwana 14. Makonni biyu baya, an haifi kajin. A wannan lokacin, mahaifan biyu ba sa barin gida, amma wani lokacin sukanyi hankali ba tare da bata lokaci ba, suna firgita da hayaniyar 'yan uwansu wadanda suka zaba. A wata na fari na rayuwa, yayin da zuriyar ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, iyaye sun kula da abincin zuriya. Bayan kwanaki goma sha biyu, kajin sun fara yin jiragen su na farko. Lyotrix farin-eared yana cin abinci mai hade. Tsuntsaye suna cinye kwari, iri, berries.

Farar ƙasa mai fiɗa-fari suna ciyar da kwari, tsaba, berries.

Matsayin kiyayewa na lyotrixes

Lyotrix farin-eared tsuntsu ne na yau da kullun a yankin sa. Mallaka mai sihiri na azurfa yana da aka ƙera shi azaman nau'ikan da ke da ƙananan barazanar.

Lyotrix mai launin farar fata yana ƙaunar musamman tsakanin masoya tsuntsaye yayin da aka sa su cikin aviary tare da sauran tsuntsaye. Ana kama shi sau da yawa kuma ana tura shi zuwa Turai da Amurka ta Amurka, inda ake sayar da lyotrix a cikin wani kantin sayar da dabbobi da ake kira mai tsabta na azurfa.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Haraji

White-tailed makoki cockatoo kamar yadda wani jinsin aka bayyana a kwanan nan, a 1948. Gaskiyar ita ce, a kudu maso yamma na Ostiraliya, inda tsuntsu ke zaune, wani ɗayan ya zama ruwan dare, mai kama da juna (amma tare da bege mafi tsayi), amintaccen gidan makoki mai farin-farin ciki ne, kuma na dogon lokaci kwararru suna ɗauka bambancin biyu a matsayin mai ɗaurewa. Wani ƙarin rikice-rikice ya taso saboda gaskiyar cewa bayanin kimiyya na farin-eared makoki cockatoo an harhada shi a cikin 1832 ba bisa tsarin kayan halitta ba, wanda, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, ana buƙatar ma'aunin awo, amma a kan zane wanda masanin Ingila Edward Lear ya kirkira. Ornithologists na karni na XX, waɗanda suka yi la'akari da aikin, ba za su iya yanke shawara kan nau'in da aka nuna akan sa ba.

A shekara ta 1933, Ivan Karnaby masanin ilmin kimiya na masara a yanki na yammacin lardin Mully ya gano wata ƙungiya ta cockatoo da ke da halayyar musamman. Tsuntsayen, wanda Karnaby ya kira "mallee black cockatoos", sun zauna a cikin yashi mai lalacewa a tsakankanin gandun daji na bishiyar eucalyptus (sunan gida na biotope shine malley goge, Ingilishi mallee goge). Masanin kimiyyar ya jawo hankulan hanyar da ake samun abinci na rashin daidaituwa ga farin baqin-makoki na zakara: ba su yi amfani da baki ba wajen fitar da tsaba daga akwatunan bishiyar eucalyptus, amma sun gwammace su raba ciyawar da farko, bayan da suka ciyar da 'ya'yan itacen da suka fadi. Haka kuma, gashin tsuntsaye daga wannan rukunin ya fi fadi kuma ya fi guntu fiye da baki na abokan aikinsu. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka, a cikin 1948, Carnaby ya bayyana sabon tsarin farin ciki na farin makoki, da ya ba shi suna Calyptorhynchus baudinii latirostris . Take kumarrissanya Carnaby asalin kalmomin Latin biyu ne: latus (fadi) da rostris (-beak, aduk form daga rostrum - beak). A cikin ayyuka da dama na rabi na biyu na karni na 20, matsayin ƙarshe aka sanya matsayin jinsin ga taksi.

Sauran wallafe-wallafen karni na 20 suna ba da cikakken tsari na tsarin halittar Callyptorhynchusa cikin abin da farin-tailed, fari-eared da makoki cockatoos ne subgenus Zannanda launin ruwan kasa-da kuma Banks hadaddiyar giyar ga nominative Callyptorhynchus . A cewar John Courtney, kungiyoyin biyu sun banbanta da juna a cikin yanayin kukan. Unionungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ya ɗaukaka darajar haraji Zannan ga halittar dan Adam, yayin ambaton Jerin Tsuntsayen Tsuntsayen Duniya na 2014.

Bayanin

Ofaya daga cikin wakilan mafi girma na iyali: tsayin 54-56 cm, fuka-fukai kusan 110 cm, nauyi 520-790 g. Babban launi na rude shi baƙaƙen fata ne, mai ɗaukar hoto mai launin shuɗi-fari, wanda aka kafa saboda hasken gashin ƙyallen katako a cikin wuyansa da Bayyanan waɗannan iyakokin suna da faɗi, suna da faɗi.

A kan kambi na kai akwai madaidaicin tsayi 2.5-3 cm, wanda tsuntsu mai farin ciki ya bazu a cikin fan. An haɓaka manyan wuraren launin shuɗi-fari a kan cheeks. Babban gashin fuka-fukan wutsiya sune fararen fata mai launin shuɗi tare da faffadan gefen baki tare da gefen, gashin tsakiyar wutsiya kuwa gabaɗaya ne. Bakan gizo duhu launin ruwan kasa, kafafu sune launin shuɗi-mai haske. Gefan yana da fadi da kuma ta fi ta girma daga irin na makoki mai hade da farin-hawaye.

Dimorphism na jima'i yana haɓaka da kyau. Mafi yawancin bambance-bambancen da aka sani ana bayyana su ne a cikin launi na baki da baƙuwar fata a kusa da idanu: a cikin namiji, beak mai launin toka mai duhu kuma ƙwannun perorbital masu ruwan hoda, yayin da suke cikin mace, gemun mai launin yumɓu kuma zoben suna da launin toka-toka. Bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin tsiron mace: a cikin mace, aibobi a gefen bangarorin kai sun fi sauki kuma suna da iyaka, furucin haske akan kirji da ciki suna da fadi, suna yin layin sadarwa mai zurfi. A ƙarshe, ƙafafun mace ma ana fentin su cikin sautunan wuta. Shedding yana daga Janairu-Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu - Mayu, jerin canje-canje na gashin tsuntsu ba shi da kyau.

A cikin kananan tsuntsaye na mata da maza, da kuma mata manya, fentin ana fentin a cikin launi yumbu, ƙananan zobba sun yi launin toka, launin launi tare da ƙarancin ci gaban farin mottles. Hakanan za'a iya bambanta su da kukan mai hali. Abubuwan halayen jima'i na waje na maza sun fara bayyana a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa kuma suna samun cikakkiyar bayyanar mutum tun yana ɗan shekara biyu.

Halin zamantakewa

A karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, lokacin da yawan kyankyasai ya yi yawa, masu sa ido sun yi rubutu game da manyan dabbobin tsuntsaye wadanda suka taru a wuraren kiwo bayan ƙarshen lokacin kiwo. Ba zai yuwu a faɗi ba ko dai tambaya ce da aka yi fari-ko fari da aka yi da farin makoki - amma a wancan lokacin an yarda da jinsin biyu a matsayin ɗaya. Bugu da kari, duka tsuntsaye iri daya, da kuma bankin makoki na Banks, na iya samarda garken gauraye. Babban matakin rayuwa shine halayyar jinsin biyu kuma a yanzu, lokacin da tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam ya sa su ƙwanƙwasa ƙarewa. Marubutan sun nuna tsuntsun a matsayin mai fa'ida da rayuwa, mai saurin shiga rayuwar rayuwa. Tare da abinci da yawa, kyankyasai suna tsayawa a wuri guda har lokacin samar da abinci ya ƙare. Kamar wasu nau'in halitta, yayin ciyarwa, ɗayan tsuntsaye na garken tumaki biyu suna zaune a nesa a saman bishiya, suna tsallake wurin. Lokacin da maharbi ya kusanto, sai suka saukar da wani irin kuka mai ban tausayi, sai dayan rukunin suka rushe suka gudu. A lokacin farauta, ana yawan ci amon ruwa a cikin biyu ko a kungiyan dangi; mace ana santa da yanayin ƙasa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine zuriya ta gidan Protein dangin tsirrai: Banksia, Grevillea, Hackey (Hakea), zuwa ƙasa ƙarancin tsiron eucalyptus da corymbre (Kabila) Baya ga tsaba, har ila yau, tsuntsayen suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ruwa (gami da shefflers mai haske) da kuma ƙwannin fure (gami da sakaistemon da aka saka), da tsutsotsi masu kwari waɗanda ke daga furanni da' ya'yan itatuwa. Ya bambanta da hologlazogo mai wadataccen ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda, waɗanda suka karu saboda ci gaban aikin gona, farin-tailed ba shi da sha'awar albarkatun hatsi, daga tsire-tsire masu ban haushi zuwa shukar gida, yana cin 'ya'yan itaciyar kawai na ci da Emex australis [en] .

A waje na lokacin kiwo, lokacin da halittun halittar tsuntsu suka fi yawaita, yana iya ziyartar wuraren dasa bishiyun bishiyoyi da kuma bakin tekun, inda yake fitar da tsirrai daga gidajen abinci [comm 1]. Shafin yanar gizo na Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Australiya, yana ambaton aikin marubuta daban-daban, ya lissafa wasu al'adun da aka noma waɗanda suka zama tushen abinci na tsuntsaye: almon, itacen apple, baƙi, ƙwaya, da sauransu Cockatoos kuma suna ciyar da fruitsyaicyyan itaciya na launin shuɗi anigosanthos (Anigozanthos flavidus) girma saboda dalilai na ado. Mafi yawanci ana samun abincin dabbobi ne a kambi na bishiyoyi da shukoki, ba sau da yawa yakan tattara fruitsa fruitsan fallena fallenan da suka faɗo daga saman duniya [comm 2]. Tana amfani da haƙoranta mai ƙarfi don niƙa 'ya'yan itace mai rufi, bayan wannan ta haɗiye tsaba da suka faɗo.

Tsuntsayen daji

Shukewar ciyawa shine babban mazaunin ga tsuntsaye. Suna yin amfani da duk fadada na ciyayi na huda duka dangane da gida inda kuma dangane da abinci. Kafafun yawancin tsuntsayen da ke da alaƙa da yanayin raye-raye an shirya su don yatsunsu na kyauta suna hamayya da juna. Wannan yana basu damar rataye rassan daga bangarorin biyu.

Yawan nau'in tsuntsayen da suka dace da hawa dutsen bishiyar bishiyoyi (nuthatch, pikas da woodpecker). A duk waɗannan tsuntsayen, yatsun yatsunsu suna da kaifi kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Woodpeckers da pikas kuma suna amfani da wutsiyar don hawa, wanda bangare yana taimakawa a matsayin tallafi, kuma wani ɓangare don daidaitawa a lokacin daidaita gaban jikin.

Woodpecker - wakilin tsuntsayen daji

Finch na Turai, tsuntsaye da sauran nau'ikan tsuntsayen sun saba da hawa rassan kuma sun rataye daga ƙasa. Hawan bishiyoyi, tsuntsaye suna samun abincinsu. Karamin sashi ya sami kansa yana rubutu ta amfani da fikafikan. Don haka, a cikin tsuntsaye na gandun daji, ana kuma lura da karbuwa a fuskoki biyu - a cikin ci gaban kafafu da kuma ci gaban fuka-fuki.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen

Daga cikin tsuntsayen da ke farauta, akwai masu hana tsuntsayen farauta da rana farauta da kuma halakar mujiya da farauta da dare. Duk waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke da makamai masu kaifi, kaifi da ƙarfi da gemu mai yatsa.

Tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin rana suna zaune a cikin kwari, jeji, dazuzzuka, da kwari, a kan tuddai. Ba sa cin abincin shuka kwata-kwata. Abincin da suke bawa dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifi da kwari. Wasu nau'ikan mafarautan suna kama ganima (falno, shaho, gaggafa, buzzards, da sauransu), yayin da wasu ke cin dabbobin da suka mutu kawai (al'aura, kwari, kwalliya, ungulu, da sauransu).

Mujiya - wakilin tsuntsayen ganima

Tsuntsaye na fadama-ruwa da tafkunan bakin ruwa

Siffofin muhalli na fadama da tuddai na kananan tafkuna suna da kama sosai. Saboda haka, wasu nau'in tsuntsayen sun zama gama gari ga ɓangarorin jikin ruwa da kuma fadama fadama.

Lokacin farauta don abinci, wasu tsuntsayen marsh suna amfani da ƙafafunsu lokacin motsawa, akasarin kuma wasu suna amfani da fikafikan su.A rukunin farko na tsuntsaye, an san kafafun kafa da alamomi da yawa: dogaye, an hana shi ɗaɗɗaya a gwiwar gwiwa (gwiwa), tsayin yatsun kafa na gaba, yawanci haɓaka. Duk waɗannan abubuwan daidaitawa ne don rayuwa a wurare tare da ƙasa mai tsinkaye da kasancewar ruwa mai zurfi. Sandpipers, herons, cranes, storks, ducks, magabatan rana, bakin teku da sauransu suna zaune a fadama da kuma gefen gawarwakin ruwa.

Heron - wakilin tsuntsayen dabbobi

Tsuntsaye na steppes da hamada

Sakamakon cewa a cikin sarari a sarari yana da wahala tsuntsaye su sami mafaka, a cikin yanayin stewnes da hamada yayin juyin halitta tsawo kafafu da wuya. Godiya ga wannan karbuwa, tsuntsayen zasu iya zurfafa bincike a yankin kuma su ga dabarun mahara iri daban daban.

Tsuntsaye na steppes da hamada suna tafiya da yawa don neman abinci a cikin ciyayi, saboda haka kafafun su yawanci suna girma. Da yake gudu daga haɗari, wasu tsuntsaye na raƙuman daji da hamada basa gudu, amma sun gudu.

Ostrich - wakilin tsuntsayen masu tsalle-tsalle

Matsayin tsuntsaye a yanayi, mahimmancinsu ga rayuwar ɗan adam

Tsuntsayen suna da mahimmanci a cikin yanayi da rayuwar mutum. A karkashin yanayin halitta, alal misali, akwai hadaddun dangantaka tsakanin tsuntsaye da tsirrai, a gefe guda, da kuma tsakanin tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi, a daya gefen.

Tsuntsaye suna taka babbar rawa wajen rarraba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye (nectars, hummingbirds, da sauransu), cin ƙwaryar ciyawar shuka ko ziyartar furanni don kama kwari a cikinsu, suna ba da gudummawa ga fure-fure na fure.

Akwai maudaddun dangantakar tsakanin tsuntsaye da sauran nau'in dabbobi a dabi'a. Wasu nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cin abincinsu suna ciyar da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye kuma wannan mahaɗan suna ba da gudummawa ga zaɓi.

Ana lura da nau'ikan rayuwa tare a cikin tsuntsaye, lokacin da ƙananan nau'ikan tsuntsaye suka zauna a cikin ƙauyukan mafi girma ('yan taurari sun zauna tare da rooks, kuma rooks tare da herons). A cikin waɗannan halayen, tsuntsaye masu ƙarfi sun rufe marasa ƙarfi. Kasancewar yawanci haɗiye (kuma wani lokacin ma tauraruwa da jackdaws) ga kiwo na gida da dabbobi masu shayarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna jan hankalin manyan jami'ai, waɗanda tsuntsayen ke kamawa.

Tsuntsaye masu lalacewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da amfani ga tsire-tsire, kamar yadda suke ciyar da larvae da caterpillars na kwari iri iri, suna haifar da babbar illa ga tsirrai. Passerines suna cin abinci mai yawa da yawa, yana kawo fa'idodi mai yawa ga aikin gona da gandun daji. Misali, haɗiye yakan lalata kusan miliyan 1 a cikin bazara. kwari, da kuma zakka a kowace shekara - kusan miliyan 6.5. qwai da kwari masu cutarwa.

Koyaya, akwai tsuntsayen (masu cin naman kudan zuma, kudan zuma) da ke ciyar da kwari da tsirrai (ƙudan zuma, bumblebees, da sauransu) masu amfani ga tsirrai, suna fasa rassan don gina ciyayi (rooks), haushi da katako (katako masu itace), kuma sune wuraren ajiyar dabbobi na tsinkaye. mutum.

A rayuwar dan adam, tsuntsaye ma suna da matukar mahimmanci, wanda aka bayyana a cikin babban rawar kaji a cikin aikin gona da tsuntsaye gabaɗayan warwatsewar kwari na aikin gona. Tsuntsayen kuma suna wakiltar darajar kasuwanci da ƙimar ado.

Matsakaicin yanayi ya ke da kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi a wurin kiyaye wasu nau'in tsuntsayen da ba a sani ba

Ganin yawan fa'idodi da tsuntsayen suka kawo, mutane suna yin iyakar kokarinsu don kare su. Reserve da wuraren kiwon dabbobi suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kare tsuntsaye. Don kare tsuntsaye a cikin yanayi, ba wai kawai kiyaye kiyayewar manyan tsuntsaye bane, harma da kare makanninsu na da matukar mahimmanci.

A cikin fauna na kasarmu akwai wasu tsuntsayen da ba a sani ba wadanda aka jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi, a cikinsu akwai: pelican, stork, gaggafa, gindi, turɓaya, ƙaho, ortrey, peregrine falcon, gaggafa, bustard, strep. Babban dalilin da yasa suke fuskantar kawancewa shine bacewar halittun halittun da suke bukata wurin zama.

Barazanar mutuwa da aka jera a cikin Red littafin launin crane, crane belladonna da sauran mazaunan steppes. Don haka, dokokin da aka amince da su a ƙasarmu game da kare duniyar dabbobi suna da matukar mahimmanci a cikin kiyaye tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi.

Jan hankalin Bird

Masana kimiyya sun daɗe da tabbatar da cewa yana da mahimmanci ba kawai nazarin amfanin ko lahanin tsuntsaye ba, har ma suna ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ayyukansu masu amfani. Jawo hankalin tsuntsaye zuwa filayen, lambuna, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, gandun daji na kawo kyakkyawan sakamako kuma yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona da iri iri. Misali, jawo hankalin tauraruwa zuwa filayen gwoza na taimakawa a share musu mayuruka.

Har zuwa karni na karshe, gandun dajin Berdyansk ya sami gogewa ta hanyar jan hankalin wasu tauraruwa ta hanyar rataya a wucin gadi na wucin gadi. Wannan taron ya yiwa gandun daji sau 20 mai rahusa fiye da masu haya saboda wannan maƙasudi.

Da yawa daga cikin misalai an san su yayin da nau'ikan tsuntsaye suka sami tsira daga gandun daji ko amfanin gona daga mutuwa (gwanayen kwari sun kawar da itacen kwari, gulls sun sami amfanin gonar auduga daga ciyawar ciyawa, rooks sun kawar da silkworm, da sauransu).

Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin tsuntsaye ba su da isasshen wuraren shakatawa, ya zama dole a cikin kaka, hunturu da farkon bazara don rataye shingayen gidajen tsuntsaye, titmouses, gidajen tsuntsaye, da dai sauransu a cikin gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da lambun kayan lambu. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar dasa shuki na shuki, waxanda suke da tsari ga nura.

Babban mahimmancin jawo hankalin da adana tsuntsaye daga mutuwa a cikin hunturu shine ciyar da su ba kawai a yankunan karkara ba, har ma a birane. Don yin wannan, shirya masu ciyarwa a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da baranda.

Kayan kiwon kaji

Kodayake yawancin jinsunan tsuntsayen daji (kaji, ducks, geese, turkey, da dai sauransu) an mallaki shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, noma kaji ya zama muhimmin ɓangaren tattalin arzikin mu kwanan nan.

Ana kiran dabbobi gidayen waɗancan tsuntsaye waɗanda mutum ya zana cikin nasara kuma ya samu nasara a gida don samun nama, ƙwai, muraran fuka-fukai. Kamar yadda kaji muke kiwo: kaji, kaji, geese, turkey, peacocks, tsuntsayen Guinea, pheasants, ostriches da swans. Mafi mahimmanci a cikin ƙasarmu sune kaji, geese da ducks.

Bayyanar Afirka ta kowa ce

African spy spyushka 'yar fari ce. A cikin bayyanar sa da girman sa, yayi kama da silar Ussuri wacce ita ce, kamar sauran kwari, dake da alaƙa da juna, duk da haka, tana da launuka masu haske kuma tana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya akan ciki mai launin shuɗi, wacce take da kamar alama. Umarfin dawakan waɗannan dawakai wata kyakkyawar alama ce ta maski yayin farauta, ta bar shi ya yi hasara a bangon bishiyar bishiya.

Idanun bakan gizo masu launin rawaya mai haske a gefen gefen ruwan orange a cikin manya da inuwa mara kyau a cikin yara. Fure da baki baki ne mai duhu. Foda gashin tsuntsu kusan gaba daya suke, amma gashin gashin da suke girma akan sa basu shiga ginin yatsun. A zahiri ita ce wannan alama ce ta rarrabe splyuski da sauran scoops.

Idan muka kwatanta splyushka talakawa na Afirka tare da sikirin, amma, ana amfani da spyushka da ƙananan girma da kuma rashin walƙiya. Girman ɗan splyushka na yau da kullun ya kasance daga santimita 16 zuwa 24 kuma nauyinsa daga gra 60 60 zuwa 135.

Spatula na Afirka baki ɗaya (Otus senegalensis).

Saurari muryar ɗan gamaiyar Afirka

A cikin kudancin yankin su, splyuski suna bayyana a ƙarshen Mayu, kuma a daren farko na shiru da dumi bayan isowarsu, sun fara murɗa murya. Cryarar kumburin murfin gama-gari na Afirka ƙaƙƙarfan hankali ne kuma mai monotonous (tare da yawan 20-21 kuka / min) maimaita halayen kira mai halin wannan nau'in. Wadannan kururuwa ana daukar su azaman kalmar da aka dade ana magana da ita "bacci", wanda shine dalilin sunan wannan tsuntsun na Rasha.

Kamar sauran scoops, a cikin bazara na maza na splyuska suna da dogon amsa, suna fara yin kira a cikin sautuna daban-daban. Af, ware waƙar (ko an haɗu) raira waƙa wanda maza biyu a lokaci ɗaya cikin tsawa suna jituwa da hayaniya halayyar squirrel.

Saboda launirta, lyan Afirka splyuska camouflages kyau akan bishiyoyi.

A cikin halin yanzu, ban da mawaƙa na maza, kuna iya jin sautin cudanya na mace da namiji. A cikin mace, muryar ba ta da yawa kamar na mace, amma wasu sunnanta suna rarrabe kukan da sauti kamar "bege-da" harshe. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan waƙoƙin bera suna kama da madadin maimaitawar maza da kuma kukan mace da ke bin sa, kuma macen tana da matukar baƙin ciki. Idan yanayi ya yi girgije da dumin yanayi, to ana iya jin saututtukan su ba kawai da dare ba, har ma da rana.

Bugu da kari, suna kuma da wasu "ayyukan kida". Misali, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zaku iya jin yadda suke fitar da ihu kamar cat. Mazaunan da ke zaune a kudanci yankin na iya haifar da nau'in murzawa da waka a cikin sautin sama na sauti "fi-b-y-yu-yu" da ke cikin saututtukan na sama. Sautikan kiransu suna ƙasa da kama da "tu = fit-tu-viit."

Nesting African Common Sputus

Lokacin farawar splyus na Afirka ya bambanta sosai kuma ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Misali, a kasar ta Zimbabwe, farauta ta fara daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba. A mafi yankuna na kudu - daga Yuli zuwa Fabrairu.

A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana amfani da huricin wasu tsuntsayen kamar ciyawar ta 'yan asalin Afirka. Haka kuma, "masu" da suka gabata na gidan na iya bambanta sosai: daga wakilan kwarkwata masu saukar ungulu zuwa kwari. Idan babu burtunan da aka watsar, splyushka na Afirka cikin nasara tayi amfani da kusan duk wani ɓoyayyen a cikin sassan itacen.

Afirka splyushki fin so zuwa gida a cikin rami hollo. Hakanan, akwai lokuta lokacin da splyushki na Afirka suka fara sauka a ƙasa da kuma a cikin duwatsun yumɓu. A cikin doko na jikin kututturen, wani lokacin maɗaukakan mazaunan splyuschi suna haɗuwa, wanda, tabbas, an sanya mata.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin kama akwai daga qwai biyu zuwa fari masu haske, wanda mace ta sanya tare da karamin tazara. Nuna farawa nan da nan bayan an kwan kwan. Lokacin haila kusan kwana talatin kenan daga lokacin da aka sanya qwai. Weightwararren ƙwai yana yawanci kimanin gram goma sha biyar.

Yankin rarrabawa da Habitat na Afirka Na Zamani

Splyushki na Afirka suna zaune kusan a cikin Afirka gabaɗayan hamadar Sahara. Tsuntsu ya fi son daji ko, kamar yadda kuma ake kira da shi, sel sel na Afirka ta kudu, da kuma yanki mai katako wanda ke sanannen ciyawar ciyawar ƙasa, savannah da gandun daji. An lura fiye da sau ɗaya cewa a cikin mazaunan spatula, na Afirka da na Turai, dare mai launuka ta wurin waƙoƙinsu suna da dandano mai ƙoshin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba.

Bayan haka, wannan tsuntsu da wuya ya riski idanunsa, dukda irin yadda yake yaduwarsa da kuma yadda yake magana. A cikin yanayin sanyi, Splyushka ya fi son kada ya bar m.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti wani sashi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Gawar mai rawaya-yar ƙarama ce da ƙaramin tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi mai haske mai yatsu a kai da kirji, a kan fuska akwai maɓallin fuka-fukai da aka kafa gashin baƙi.

Alamun waje na gawa mai launin rawaya

Gawar mai rawaya-tsuntsu ce tsuntsaye 20 zuwa 25 cm tsayi da nauyin 65 a nauyi. Thearfin maza manya ne galibi baƙi, kai da gaban kirji suna da rawaya mai haske, a fuka-fukan akwai ƙaramin farin tabo wanda za'a iya lura dashi a cikin jirgin da tsuntsu zaune.

Dangane da yanayin sifofi na gawawwakin gawawwakin launin rawaya, yana da sauƙi a bambanta da sauran nau'in tsuntsaye. Matar tana da nauyin launi mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da raɗaɗɗen fari, kai da kirji suna da launin shuɗi. Ta fito waje da ƙananan gira mai rawaya da launi iri ɗaya na makogwaro da kirji. Matasa mutane suna kama da mace.

Rarraba gawa mai launin shuɗi

A lokacin bazara, ana samun gawa mai launin rawaya a arewacin yamma - tsakiyar Kanada da Amurka ta Amurka. Yankinta ya wuce yamma zuwa Columbia ta Biritaniya, ta ci gaba daga kudu ta tsakiyar Kogin yamma zuwa arewa maso gabashin California. A gefen gabas, gawa mai launin rawaya suna zaune daga yammacin Ontario zuwa arewacin Missouri. A cikin hunturu, ana iya samunsa a California, Texas, a cikin Mexico kuma a wasu lokuta a Costa Rica.

Gawar gawa mai launin shuɗi (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus).

Raunin gawar da ke cikin rawaya-kai

Maza gawawwakin launin rawaya sune farkon waɗanda suka tashi zuwa wuraren farauta kuma sun mamaye wuraren kusa da jikin ruwan. Matan sun bayyana a cikin 'yan kwanaki, abokan aikinsu a wannan lokacin suna zaune a kan firan tsirrai masu dauke da wutsiya da fuka-fuki, suna buɗe baki da “waƙoƙi”.

Abin takaici, waƙoƙin gawar rawaya mai launin rawaya ba su da sauti ba kwata-kwata. Tsuntsu yayi takaitaccen sauti, mara amfani, kamar yayi kama da wani abun yankan karfe fiye da furucin soyayya na tsuntsu. A cikin fadadden Wyoming, gawar mai rawaya mai raɗaɗi a kan shinge na ganye, yana nuna hular kwanonsa da rana.

Da sannu a hankali, namiji ya buɗe wutsiyar m. Yayinda budurwarsa ke kallo, sai ya faɗaɗa fikafikan sa, yana kira don mating. To, yana mai ruku'I, ta yadda gashin kansa na zinare baya taɓa wutsiyarsa, sai ya buɗe baki ya sa sautin mafi banƙyama waɗanda tsuntsu ya taɓa yi.

Koda mafi yawan masu sukar ra’ayin sun yarda da cewa, a matsayin mawaƙa, gawar rawaya mai launin shuɗi a bayyane bai faru ba, kuma wakarsa tana jan hankalin mata kawai. Masanin ilimin halitta W. L.

Dawson ya bayyana waƙar gawar mai launin rawaya a matsayin "kukan matsanancin wahala wanda ya cancanci ya mutu." Yana da alama cewa fiye da ɗaya marubucin wanda ya bayyana halayen mating na tsuntsaye na fadama da kuma tabkuna masu yawa tare da reeds ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma ƙarfafa bambanci tsakanin al'adun gargaɗi mai ban al'ajabi da waƙar mummunar waka.

Mace sun isa wuraren da ake farawa daga baya fiye da maza. Ruswararrun masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda ke mamaye sabbin yankuna, ba su kori yara ƙannan tsuntsaye ba daga ɓarnar da ta gabata. Suna barin danginsu su rayu, wanda hakan ke taimaka musu wajen jawo hankalin mata da suka aura tare da wani saura da kuma ciyar da sabon dodo.

Sake bugun gawa

Gawarwakin kai masu launin shuɗi a kai a kai a cikin mazauna. Mace ta gina gida mai yawan gaske a cikin shinge a saman ruwa. Ya yi kama da kwano da keɓaɓɓen ganuwar mai tushe da ganyaye da rataye a nesa 0.

3-1. 8 mita daga saman ruwa. Ginin gida yana ɗaukar kwana biyu zuwa huɗu.

Yin kiyayya yana wuce kwanaki 11-13. Kayan dan adam sun bayyana da gudu. Bayan kwanaki 9-12 sun bar gida.

Duk iyayen sun ciyar da zuriya. A cikin kwanaki hu u na farko, suna yanka abin da ke da rabin digo cikin bakinsu mai yatsa. Tsarin ciyarwa ya dogara da yawan abincin da iyaye suka kawo wa gida.

-Wararrun masu raɗa-raɗaɗi suna iya ciyar da brood ɗaya kawai a kowace kakar, kuma da wuya biyu.

Siffofin halayen gawa mai launin rawaya

Gawar gawar shugabannin rawaya a cikin mazauna, wasu lokuta manya-manyan adadi. Waɗannan tsuntsayen ƙasa ne, musamman a lokacin kiwo. Tsuntsayen suna zaune kusa da jikkunan ruwa mai zurfi kuma suna rayuwa tare da fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, waɗanda maƙil ke cikewa cikin zurfin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.

Takunkumin launin shuɗi ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, da kuma a Tsakiyar Amurka.

Ruwa mai zurfi yana ba da kariya ga masu farauta kamar su rakons da dabbar dako, kuma zama a cikin yankuna na rage yiwuwar kai hari ta mahaukaci da hankaka. Duk wata tsohuwa ko shaho wacce ta tashi kusa da mazaunin, to lallai zata iya haduwa da daukacin girgije mai duhu da rawaya wadanda suke kiyaye iyakokin mazauninsu. A wannan yanayin, masu farautar fata sun gwammace su bar wurin da baƙon keɓaɓɓe kafin gabaɗaya garken rawaya mai kaifi ya kawo musu hari.

Yayin rashin hijira, maza sukanyi yawaita garken da ke motsawa daban da na mata da kuma matattakala. A cikin hunturu, gawawwaki masu launin rawaya suna da manyan garken tare da sauran nau'in tsuntsaye.

Muhimmancin tattalin arziƙin gawa mai launin shuɗi

Gawarwakin masu launin rawaya suna lalata kwari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ta haka ne suke ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da muhimmanci musamman a cikin ikon farawa. A lokacin bazara, gawawwakin masu ruwan rawaya suna ciyar da irin hatsi da manoma suka shuka a gonakin, suna lalata lalacewar amfanin gona.

Gawarwakin da ke rawaya sun cutar da amfanin gona.

Matsayin tsaro game da gawa mai launin rawaya

Gawarwakin kai masu launin shuɗi. A cikin yankuna na gabas da tsakiya na kewayon, koda an sami karuwar adadin tsuntsayen. Amma gabaɗaya, an sami raguwar adadin mutane na gawa mai launin rawaya a cikin yawan jama'a fiye da 2% a kowace shekara saboda canje-canje a mazauninsu.