Gundumar Kamensky tana kan tsaunukan Kerensko-Chembarsky da Sur-Mokshansky, mallakar Volga Uplands, a cikin Yankin Gabashin Turai.
Nuna a cikakke ... Tana kan iyakokin arewa tare da gundumomin Nizhnelomovsky da Mokshansky, kuma a gabas - tare da Penza, kudu maso gabas - Kolyshleysky, a kudu - tare da Serdobsky da Bekovsky, a yamma - tare da gundumar Belinsky da Pachelmsky. Mafi girman hanyar agaji shine: a kudu - a fili wanda ke da tsauni har zuwa 250 m., A arewa, yanayin rage hali.
Yankin gundumar Kamensky yana kan kogunan Volga da Don koguna. Babban kogin yankin shine Atmis, Kevda, Varezhka (Volga basin), Archada, B. da M. Chembar (Don basin). Akwai koguna 26 da rivulets a cikin yankin. Yankin yana yankin kan wuraren rukunin zoographic guda biyu: Vadinsky da Khopersky. A cikin gandun daji da yanki na yankin, yawancin dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifi da kwari suna rayuwa. Babban gandun daji suna cikin arewacin yankin. Yawancin jinsuna sune katako. Babban kasa na yankin ana leached chernozems da mai chernozem.
Gundumar Kamensky ta tsallaka hanyar jirgin kasa ta Kuibyshev daga gabas zuwa yamma. Babban titin tarayya "Penza-Tambov" (kilomita 38), Daga cikin mahimmancin yanki - "Kamenka-Virga", "Kamenka-Tamala", "Kamenka-Bekovo" sun ratsa yankin gundumar. Abubuwan tattalin arzikin yankin suna da alaƙa ta hanyoyi masu tsayi. A arewacin yankin, bututun Druzhba yana tashi daga gabas zuwa yamma. Tsarin bututun gas na yankin tsakiyar Asiya, mai nisan kilomita 40, yana gudana a yankin kudancin yankin.
Yankin yana yankin kudu maso yamma na Penza - cibiyar yanki. Tsawon yankin daga arewa zuwa kudu shine kilomita 70, Daga yamma zuwa gabas - kilomita 50.
Layin dogo (Kuibyshev reshe na Railway) tare da tashoshin jirgin kasa guda biyu da kuma layin dogo biyu sun ratsa yankin gundumar. Bugu da kari, babbar hanyar Penza-Tambov ta wuce.
Yankin gundumar shine 217,4 dubu ha., Gami da 146 dubu ha. kasa mai ci. Matsakaicin ƙasa mai daraja shine maki 65. A cewar alamomi na agrochemical, yankin gundumar yana halin 94% leached chernozems of nauyi inji abun da ke ciki. Samun potassium zuwa ga kasar gona yana karuwa, ana samarwa da shi matsakaici tare da nitrogen, wadatar phosphorus yayi kadan. Matsakaicin humus shine 4.7 MG. da 100 g na kasar gona.
An kirkiro gundumar Kamensky a cikin 1928. Akwai mutane 61231 da ke zaune a yankin, cikinsu har da mutane 39104 a cikin Kamenka. Yawan masu aiki shekaru 36,176. Fiye da mutane 26.0 dubu suna aiki a cikin tattalin arzikin yankin, masu fansho 14.5 dubu da mutanen da ke da nakasa, yara 'yan ƙasa da 15 sun cika mutane 8768.
A cikin yankin gundumar Kamensky akwai gundumomi 12 tare da ƙauyuka 66. Manyan ƙauyuka: birni na Kamenka, ƙauyen Fedorovka, ƙauyen Anuchino, ƙauyen Golovinshchino, ƙauyen Varvarovka, ƙauyen Kazanskaya Archada, ƙauyen Kevdo-Melsitovo, ƙauyen Kikino, ƙauyen Kobylkino, ƙauyen Pokrovskaya Archada, Piss. Adadin mutanen ƙasa ɗaya a cikin yanki a matsayin kashi ɗaya na yawan jama'a shine: Russia - 75.9%, Tatars - 22.6%, Mordvinians - 0.4%, Yankinan - 0.3% da sauransu - 0.8%.
Gundumar Kamensky - masana'antar agro. Akwai manyan masana'antu guda 5 na matsakaitan masana'antu, masana'antu 23 na aikin gona, kamfanonin buɗe kaya 3, kamfanoni 175 (manoma) na cikin gundumar. Noma ya ƙware wajen samar da hatsi, beets sugar, madara, nama.
Mafi mahimmancin tattalin arziƙin yankin da ci gabanta sune Atmis-Sahar OJSC, Elevator OJSC, Kuvaka Group of Kamfanoni, Kamensky District Abincin sarrafawa, Shuka Kamensky Butter, da Studenets Flour Mill OJSC.
Wani muhimmin sashi na aikin gona a ƙauyen sune gonakin kiwo (gonaki) da gonaki na tallafi na mutum (LPH). Arin tanadin gidaje masu zaman kansu a cikin yawan madara a cikin gundumar shine kashi 68.5%, nama - 88.8%.
Gudanarwar gundumar tana cikin garin Kamenka, yankin Penza, titin Suvorova, 33.
Samun Taswirar Kalmar Daidaita Tare
Barka dai Sunana Lampobot, Ni shirin komputa ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin Taswirar Kalmar Magana. Na san yadda ake kirgawa, amma har yanzu ban fahimci yadda duniyarku take aiki ba. Ka taimake ni in tantance ta!
Na gode! Na zama mafi ɗan fahimta da fahimtar duniyar motsin zuciyarmu.
Tambaya: niƙa Shin tsaka tsaki, tabbatacce ne, ko mara kyau?
Labarin
An kafa Kamenka a farkon karni na 18 a cikin wani yanki na tsohuwar dutse wanda aka ƙetare a Kogin Atmis a kan hanyar daga Penza zuwa Nizhny Lomov da Tambov, kuma har ma a baya, ga alama, daga garin Dutsen Horde na Ukek (yanzu a Saratov) a cikin garin Mohshi (Narovchat). A kan wannan foda ne da karɓar sunan sulhu. A cikin 1710, ƙauyen Zavalny Stan na gundumar Penza, yadi 8 na Manjo Janar, Birgediya Ivan Mikhailovich Golovin. A cikin 1717 yana da suna "Dmitrievskoye ƙauyen (asalin Kamenka)" (bisa ga cocin da sunan St. Dmitry Solunsky), wanda Kubans ya lalata, cocin ya ƙone. A kusa da 1730 aka gina sabon cocin Dmitrievskaya. A ƙarshen karni na XVIII - ƙauyen da ke da aikin gona tare da ƙananan injinan hatsi wanda ya danganci kiwo hemp da tsire-tsire, akwai injinan ruwa guda 4 a Atmis. Godiya ga babbar hanyar Penza-Tambov, manoma sun sami karin kuɗi akan kayayyaki masu siyarwa, suna cikin kasuwancin ƙananan kaya da kuma samar da ayyukan tafiye-tafiye. Yan gari sun halarci yaƙin Peasant a gefen Emelyan Pugachev (1774), Ivan Ivanov dan ƙwararren ɗan adam ya taru anan wani ɗan ta'adi, wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya kama Penza.
A cikin 1785, an nuna shi a baya Yarima Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (yana da rayayyun mutane 4371 tare da ƙungiyar ƙauyukan Golitsyno, Bolshoi Verkhi, Pokrovskaya Varezhka da ƙauyuka). A cikin 1795, duk yadudduka 165 na manoman ƙauyen Dmitrievsky (Kamenka) sun kasance sun kasance kan sallama kuma sun biya 3 rubles ga kowane mai duba a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1816, an gina coci da ke da kursiyi da sunan St. Sergius na Radonezh, a shekara ta 1826 aka gina coci Dmitrievskaya. Bugu da kari, a cikin ƙauyen an sami imani guda biyu, Tsohon Mai bada gaskiya da majami'u masu gadi. A tsakiyar karni na 19, an yiwa zomayen Angora anan a cikin yankin Frolov don samun ulu daga garesu, kuma A.P. Bystrova distillery yana kusa. Kafin kawar da serfdom, ƙauyen Dmitrievskoe (Kamenka) an nuna shi a baya Princess Varvara Vasilyevna Dolgorukova (1816-1866), tana da rayukan mutane 816 sake fasalin mutane, 13 sake fasalin rayukan farfajiyar, 210 farfajiyoyi a kan titin 161 na manor, manoma a gefe guda akan masu barin aiki, wani sashi a corvée (340 daftarin aiki), ma’aikata sun biya 6,000 cikin kwanciyar hankali. rubles a shekara (17 rubles. 64 kopecks akan haraji), ban da wannan mai barin gado, manoma sun biya haraji akan kashe kuɗin duniya daga 3.5 zuwa 4.5 rubles. tare da rayar da aka sake dubawa, ciyawa 32res na kadada na ƙasable, 717 dess. haymaking, 125 dec. makiyaya, mai ƙasa 1023 dess. ƙasa mai dacewa, gami da gandun daji da tsirrai 545 dess. (Shafi na Ayyuka, kundi 2, N.-Lomov. At., Lamba 7). Akwai hasashen cewa daga Varvara Vasilievna, wanda ya auri janar ta gwamna Vladimir Andreevich Dolgoruky, gado ya mallaka ta 'yarta ɗaya - ita ma Varvara, wacce ta auri Vladimir Nikolaevich Voyeykov, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta mutu ba tare da barin zuriya ba, kuma Voeikov ta auri Princess Frederiks. Don haka mallakar Kamensk ta hannun damar gado daga matar da ta mutu ya juya ya zama Voeikov.
A shekara ta 1874, godiya ga kokarin ma'aikacin ƙasa mai ƙasa N.V. Voeikov, ya cika Kamenka akwai hanyar jirgin kasa daga Moscow zuwa Penza, kuma aka sanya tashar Voyeykovskaya. Aka sake sunan sa zuwa Belinsky tsakanin 1918 zuwa 1925 don dalilai na akida - Janar Vladimir Nikolaevich Voeikov (1868 - bayan 1941), maigidan a Kamenka, shine mai ba da umarni na ƙarshe na Fadar hunturu a Petrograd, sannan fararen ƙaura. Sabuwar suna shine abin tunawa, don girmamawa ga V. G. Belinsky.
A shekara ta 1877, babbar hanyar Nizhnelomovsky Uyezd, farfajiya 296, wani coci, gidan addu'ar tsoffin masu imani, makaranta, ofis, shago, masauki, da bazara ranar Laraba. A ƙarshen karni na 19, akwai masu baftisma 503 da kuma tsofaffin masu imani da masaniyar Beglopopov a ƙauyen. A shekara ta 1818, an buɗe makarantar sakandare ta biyu. A shekara ta 1878, an buɗe makarantar zemstvo a ƙauyen. A shekara ta 1880, dangin dan kasuwar Martyshkin sun bude gidan kasuwancin malt; a cikin 1883, I. A. Baryshev plant's buro-Binder ya fara aiki; a shekara ta 1898, dan kasuwa D. S. Lobanov ya gina. A cikin shekarun Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na 1905-1907, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin gwagwarmaya na gundumar Nizhnelomovsky, ɗayan shugabannin wanda ya kasance ɗan asalin yankin Vasily Fyodorovich Vragov (1872-1937), wakilin thean Duma na farko, wakilin ɓangaren Trudovik. A cikin 1910s, kasancewa kwamandan Fadar hunturu a St. Petersburg, Vladimir Nikolaevich Voeikov ya sanar da aniyarsa ta ginin Kamenka wurin shakatawa da warkar da cutar haemophilia Tsarevich Alexei. Yariman ne ya sa fadar Voeikov ta wannan ƙauyen ke niyya. A lokaci guda, maigidan fadar ya yi abubuwa da yawa don inganta kadarorin warkarwa na ruwa na gida daga maɓuɓɓugai a cikin rafin Kuvak ta hanyar ƙaddamar da tsire-tsire da aka samar da carbon dioxide da ƙaddamar da samar da ruwan ma'adinai na Kuvak (1913). A cikin shekarar 1913, akwai kananan masana'antu kusan 30: injin tururuwa, kayan girki, kayan dutse, carbon dioxide, tubali, da sauransu A watan Oktoba 1913, an gabatar da wani abin tunawa ga Tsar-Liberator Alexander II a tsakiyar ƙauyen; kwamandan Hedikwatar Harkokin hunturu V.N. Voeikov ya kasance a wurin bikin. da Penza Gwamna Lilienfel-Toal. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, Voeikov ya buɗe asibiti don rauni ga ƙauyen a ƙauyen, wanda tushensa aka buɗe asibiti a 1918, ɗayan mafi kyawun lardi. A shekara ta 1917, an buɗe makarantar firamare da wasan motsa jiki a ƙauyen, a cikin 1927 - makarantar matasa masu ba da fata.
A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 1918, aka kafa ikon Soviet cikin salama a ƙauyen. A lokacin bazara na 1918, wani tawaye ta ƙungiyar Bolshevik ya faru a ƙauyen, wanda zaungiyar Tsaro ta Penza ta murƙushe. A cikin 1920, bisa ga ikon da aka karɓa daga masu mallakar masu zaman kansu, haɗuwa, masana'antun masana'antar abinci suna aiki, ɗaya daga cikin haɗin gwiwar aikin gona na farko Mayak a cikin lardin (1918).
An kafa ginin Beetroot ne a shekarar 1932, aka fara gina masana'antar sukari. A cikin 1938, akwai ma'aikata 430 a ginin burodi, hatsi, man shanu da cuku, masana'anta, da dai sauransu, tsawon tituna yakai kilomita 15, wanda 7 kilomita aka baje, akwai makarantu 5, asibiti da gadaje 70, gidan al'adu, kulake 3, dakunan karatu 3 , gidan hutu mai gadaje 250. Yunkurin juyin juya hali daga ƙauyuka zuwa birni ya kasance Babban Yankin ƙarfe na Yunkuri, tun da masana'antar daga Kirovograd - Krasnaya Zvezda da Kommunar daga Zaporozhye, wanda aka samar da abubuwan hakar ma'adinai, ɓarke da bama-bamai - suna cikin Kamenka. A ranar 13.4.1943, aka fara samar da magabatan doki. A cikin tsohuwar ƙasa ta Voyeykov, an gabatar da asibitin ƙaura No. 3289.
15 ga Yuni, 1944 an ba wa ƙauyen matsayin ƙauyen da ke aiki.
Tun daga 1946, tsiron Belinskselmash ya fara samar da ƙwayar tarakta, tun a shekarar 1950, masu girke-girken dankalin turawa, da damuna da sauran kayan aikin da aka ɓoye, suna juya zuwa babbar masana'antar kera kayan gona a yankin Penza. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1950, samfuran kamfanin suka fara shiga kasuwar duniya a cikin kasashe 17.
18 ga Afrilu, 1951 ƙauyen Kamenka ya zama birni.
A cikin 1958, an buɗe cibiyar talabijin ta farko a yankin.
1 ga Fabrairu, 1963 birni Kamenka sanya wa rukuni na biranen yanki na yanki.
A watan Disamba 1975, dangane da yaduwar amfanin gona na gwoza sukari a cikin yankin Penza, an gina masana'antar sukari (ɗaya mafi girma a cikin USSR) a Kamenka, kuma an kafa tashar samar da shanu a ƙarƙashinta. A shekara ta 1975-77 aka gina masana'antar samar da nama. A cikin shekarun 1980s - tsakiyar yankin gonar jihar Kamensky.
Yawan jama'a
Girma na yawan jama'a | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1717 | 1747 | 1795 | 1861 | 1864 | 1877 | 1897 | 1912 | 1920 | 1926 |
52 | ↗ 200 | ↗ 1197 | ↘ 700 | ↗ 1695 | ↗ 1755 | ↗ 3409 | ↗ 3439 | ↗ 4053 | ↗ 5229 |
1939 | 1943 | 1946 | 1959 | 1967 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 1992 | 1995 |
↗ 8265 | ↗ 13 026 | ↘ 9342 | ↗ 25 219 | ↗ 29 000 | ↗ 30 067 | ↗ 35 274 | ↗ 40 134 | ↗ 41 800 | ↗ 45 900 |
1996 | 1998 | 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
↗ 46 700 | ↘ 46 500 | ↘ 40 712 | ↘ 40 700 | ↘ 40 400 | ↘ 39 917 | ↘ 39 500 | ↘ 39 046 | ↗ 39 577 | ↘ 39 484 |
2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |||
↘ 39 110 | ↘ 38 429 | ↘ 37 847 | ↘ 37 530 | ↘ 37 002 | ↘ 36 566 | ↘ 35 929 |
Tun daga Janairu 1, 2019, birnin yana cikin 444th cikin biranen 1,115 na Tarayyar Rasha dangane da yawan jama'a.
Karamar hukumar
A cikin kundin tsarin mulki na Tarayyar Rasha, Dokar Tarayya ta Oktoba 6, 2003 A'a. 131-ФЗ "A kan Ka'idodin Kayan Mulki na ofungiyoyin Kananan Hukumomi a cikin Federationungiyar Rasha", Yarjejeniya na Yankin Penza da dokokin yankin Penza, mazaunin gari Kamenka, a cikin abin da ake aiwatar da karamar hukuma, birni ne ta hanyar ilimi, yana da matsayin mazaunin birni kuma an haɗa shi a cikin gundumar Kamensky na yankin Penza dangane da dokar dokar yankin Penza wacce aka sanya ranar 02.20.2006 A'a. 953-ZPO “A Canjin kananan hukumomin birnin Kamenka da kuma birnin Serdobsk, yankin Penza. "
An yanke wannan sabon kundin Yarjejeniyar ta birnin Kamenka na gundumar Kamensky na yankin Penza, bayan da aka yanke shawarar taron wakilan garin Kamenka na gundumar Kamensky na yankin Penza na Nuwamba 15, 2011 No. 358-43 / 2.
Kafofin watsa labarai
Tarihi, cibiyar talabijin ta farko a yankin Penza ta bayyana a Kamenka a cikin 1957. A halin yanzu, ana watsa shirye-shiryen ta hanyar telecentre daga tashar TV / radiyo na mita 45, kuma har zuwa watan Fabrairu na 2015, wani mastiri na rediyo mai tsayi mai tsayin mita 100 tare da mai watsa kilo 50 na Rediyon Rasha yana aiki. An gudanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ne a cikin adadin mita 855 kHz
Tashoshin rediyo
Rating akai-akai, MHz | Shirin watsa shirye-shirye |
---|---|
101.2 | Rediyon Rasha |
102.6 | Radiyon soyayya |
TCEs | Shirin watsa shirye-shirye |
---|---|
2 | Tashar farko |
3 | NTV |
6 | Rasha-1 / GTRK Penza |
23 | Biyar na biyar |
26 | TV Express |
29 | Gidajen mu |
44 | RTRS-2 (DVB-T2) (tun 2018) |
57 | RTRS-1 (DVB-T2) |
Tsarin gine-gine
Tsohon yankin Kamenka yana bakin gabar kogin Atmis, galibi yana da gidaje masu hawa ɗaya. A cikin sabon sashin birni, wanda aka gina tun 1941 dangane da aikin gina ginin Belinskselmash, akwai gine-gine masu dumbin yawa. A tsakiyar sabon bangare akwai wurin shakatawa. Filin shakatawa yana da yankin nishaɗi: carousels, swings (ba a halin yanzu aiki). A fannin tashoshin jirgin kasa da tashar bas akwai wata unguwa ta zamani wanda kamfanin gine-gine na Bulgaria ya gina bisa ga tsarin kungiyar ta Jamus ga membobin kungiyar kasashen Yammacin Turai da suka fice daga Jamus da Belarus.
An aiwatar da tsarin cigaban birane a cikin garin Kamenka ne bisa ka’idar Tsarin Tsarin gari na Rasha da Yarjejeniyar Tsara Tsara na Yankin Penza.
Tattalin arziki
A Janairu 1, 1995 manyan kamfanoni:
- Belinskselmash JSC (sama da ma'aikata dubu 3) - masu shuka, masu noma, masu shuka, dankalin turawa, bera, da sauransu.
- sugar factory OJSC “Atmis-sugar” (779 mutane),
- tubalin masana'anta (mutane 125),
- elevita (mutane 282),
- Stroydetal A'a. 5 shuka (mutane 395) - an karfafa kankare da sassaka.
- Creamery, gidan burodi, haɗin gwiwa "Pishevik" (kayan kwalliya, kayan lambu na gwangwani), giya, masana'antar sarrafa giya, da sauransu.
- Soyuz firm - gyaran motocin dukkan iri,
- Kamagroservice JSC - bautar da kayan aikin gona da gonakin dabbobi.
- 3 ginshiƙai na hannu na hannu "Agropromspetsstroy",
- 2 - "Maimaita ruwa Penza".
Haske
- Tsohon Fada N. Voeikova
- Alkalai zuwa V. G. Belinsky, M. Yu. Lermontov, V. I. Lenin
- Ikklisiya 3 - Dmitry Solunsky, Sergius na Radonezh, Alexander Nevsky.
- 4 abubuwan tunawa ga masu kare mahaifar Baba,
- A shekarar 1999, an gina masallaci.
Sufuri
Akwai tashoshin jirgin ƙasa guda 2 a Kamenka - Selmash da Belinskaya, waɗanda suka sami suna don girmamawa ga V. G. Belinsky. Lokacin tafiya ta jirgin kasa, tashar Belinskaya ta dace a cikin hakan yana da sauƙi ɗaukar bas zuwa tsaunuka daga nan. Belinsky, inda gidan kayan gargajiya na V. G. Belinsky da zuwa M. Yu. Lermontov zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya "Tarkhany".