Bumblebee - The mafi zaman lafiya, kusan m wakili na kudan zuma iyali. Kwari ne babba da ke da kyawawan launuka masu kyau. Dabbobin sun sami sabon abu da sunan sa bisa dalili. Ya zo daga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "chmel", wanda ke nufin "buzz, wheeze." Ta haka zaka iya tantance sautin da kwari suke yi.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Wannan dabba tana cikin kwari na arthropod, zuwa ga gidan ƙudan zuma na ainihi, zuwa ga tsarukan iri ɗaya - bumblebees. A cikin Latin, sunan 'yan kwayoyin suna kama da "Bombus". An jera shi a cikin gilashi mai ƙaramin kwari na kwari. Bumblebees sune halittun kwari da yawa. Har wa yau, sama da nau'in nau'ikan bumburwa uku uku da aka sani waɗanda suke mallakar ƙasusuwan hamsin ne.
Daga cikin jinsunan, shahararrun sune guda biyu:
- Bombus lapidarius,
- Bombus terrestris.
Bumblebees suna da manyan girma, sabanin yawancin wakilan danginsu. Suna da halayyar launin shuɗi-baki. Kuna iya rikitar da wannan kwaro tare da wasu kawai daga nesa. Siffar bumblebees ƙaƙƙarfan-mandibles ne. An yi niyya ne kawai don dalilai na lumana. Don kariyar kai, irin waɗannan dabbobi, kamar sauran ƙudan zuma, suna amfani da maɗauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ban murhun wuta ba ya da ɗanɗanawa fiye da kudan zuma ko kuma ɓarke dabbar gida. Wannan kwaro yana da kwanciyar hankali, da wuya kwari ba gaira ba dalili. Sanda, dabbar tana amfani da jajayen abubuwa masu ƙarfi kawai idan har akwai babbar barazana ga rayuwarta.
Wannan kwaro ana daukar mai-da jini. Tare da motsi mai nauyi, jikin mai murƙushewa yana haifar da zafi. Yanayin jikinsu yana iya kaiwa digiri arba'in. Dukkan wakilan kwayoyin halittar bumblebees suna da jikin jiki. Wannan yana ba su damar sauƙin daidaitawa har zuwa yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi. Bumblebees suna da amfani, kwari iri-iri. Suna fitar da adadi mai yawa na furanni, da sauri suna motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa wani.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Dabarar dabba mai baƙi
Wakilan wannan dabi’ar suna daga cikin kwari mafi kwari. Suna iya jure wa ƙananan frosts. Wannan ya sami damar yin godiya ga kasancewar bindiga mai zafi da kuma tsokoki masu ƙarfi. Kwaro na iya ɗaga zafin jikinsa, yana saurin murɗawa da sauri. Ita ce bumblebees waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda zasu tashi don tattara ƙwayoyin nectar. Suna yin wannan da sanyin safiya, lokacin da iska har yanzu bata da lokacin da za ta ɗora zuwa zazzabi mai gamsarwa ga sauran dangin kudan zuma.
Bumblebees manyan kwari ne. Tsawon jikinsu na iya kaiwa milimita ashirin da takwas. Mata suna iya yin alfahari da irin wannan girma. Maza sun yi girma zuwa milimita ashirin da huɗu. Kuma wasu nau'ikan ne kawai zasu iya kaiwa tsawon milimita talatin da biyar. Misali, mai bugun jini. Matsakaicin nauyin mace shine 0.85 g, kuma namiji yakai 0.6 g.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da bumblebees
A waje, kayan batanci suna kama da na kudan zuma na yau da kullun, kawai ya fi girma, har zuwa 2.5 cm ko sama da haka a tsayinsa, jikin jikinsa yana cike da kamshi. A baya duhu, mafi sau da yawa tare da ratsi rawaya, amma wani lokacin ma raunin ne orange ko ja, da wuya baki mutane ba tare da ratsi suna da wuya. Jikin kwaro ya ƙare tare da santsi mai laushi ba tare da nicks ba, wanda ba a bayyane a cikin yanayin al'ada. A baya wasu ƙananan fuka-fuki biyu masu amfanuwa.
A cikin duka, masana kimiyya sun kirkiri fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan 300 masu haɓaka. Sun bayyana a duniya kusan miliyan 30 da suka gabata! Suna zaune a arewacin Eurasia da Afirka, a Arewacin Amurka. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, an kawo waɗannan kwari masu ƙyalli a Australia da New Zealand. Suna jin girma a cikin tsaunuka, da kuma dazuzzuka, da cikin filayen.
Yaya masu bumblebees suke rayuwa?
Sun gina gida a cikin ƙasa, tarkacen ganyaye, rami, kwari, tsuntsaye, linzamin kwamfuta, squirrel burrows.
A cikin kowace iyali, akwai mutane kusan 200-300:
ya zauna cikin mahaifa, wanda ke sa qwai, su ne manya - masu matsakaicin 26 mm,
ma'aikata waɗanda suka kammala kuma suka gyara gida, suka sami abinci, su ne ƙanana - har zuwa 19 mm,
maza da ke haduwa cikin mahaifa suna da matsakaicin girman da ya kai 22 mm.
Ofaya daga cikin kayan busa ƙaho shine ƙaho. Kowace safiya, da farko yakan tashi daga gida kuma yana farkawa sauran tare da kugi na musamman.
Iyali mai lalacewa suna rayuwa a lokacin bazara. A cikin kaka, duk kwari suna mutuwa, sai don ensan matasa mata da suka hadu, wanda hunturu da watan Afrilu suka fara gina gida, suka sa ƙwayayensu kuma fara sabon dangi.
Matsayi 4 kawai na haɓakar bumblebee: kwai - tsutsa (yana inganta kwanaki 10-14) - pupa (ya fara kwanaki 14) - ƙwaro na manya. Gaba ɗaya, daga kwai zuwa bayyanar ƙwayar balagaggu, kimanin kimanin watanni 1 suka wuce.
Cuckoo bumblebees
Cuckoo bumblebees (parasitic bumblebees, whispers, Latin Psithyrus) - wani yanki ne na tushen zamantakewa daga asalin halittar bumblebees (Bombus), wanda baya gina gida kuma baya tattara pollen da nectar. Har zuwa 'yan kwanan nan, an ɗauke shi wani nau'in halittar daban. Rashin buƙatar samar da abinci ya haifar da bambance-bambance daga wasu ɓarna: gashin da ke rufe chitin ba su da ƙasawa da gajeru, proboscis ya fi guntu, kwarangwal ɗin chitinous yana da dima sosai, babu kwanduna don tattara pollen a ƙafafun kafa. Ma'aikatan cikin ƙasa ba su nan. Don kiwo, da kayan kwalliya na cuckoo ya shiga cikin mazaunin runduna, bayan ya basu kusan wata daya suyi. Don bincika gida, parasite yana mai da hankali ga ƙanshin da ke fitowa daga zuriyar dabbobi wacce ta tara a ƙasan gidan. Sautin jirgin yana da nutsuwa don kada ya jawo hankalin masu shi. Miyagu yana shiga asirce, yana ɓoye wa masu shi gida a karon farko har sai ya ji ƙanshin su, sannan ya tashi da gangan yana tafiya a gabansu don duba halin da suke ciki. Ba ya taɓa ɓarnar da ba ta kula da shi ba, yana kashe waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin kai masa hari. Kashin sa na chitinous ya fi birgima, karfi ya fi tsayi, kuma muƙamuƙi sun fi kaifi, tare da haƙoran haƙora, da lahani sama da murƙushewa. Amma wani lokacin bumblebees sukan kawo hari ta hanyar babban rukuni, kuma baƙon da ba a kulawa da shi ya mutu, kamar yadda akwai abubuwan da ke tattare da rauni a cikin makamai: ƙarshen ciki da wuya.
Yawancin lokaci ɗan-kuli-kuli-kuli yakan kashe mahaifa na mai masauki, sannan kuma ya fitar da larvae da ƙwai daga fakitoci (amma ba pupae - suna haifar da zafi kuma basa cinye abinci). Amma wasu nau'in ba sa taɓa rukunin rundunoni, kuma dukkansu (m da mai watsa shiri) sun yi kiwo. Amma idan kumbura biyu na cuckoo suka shiga cikin gida guda, to hakika zasu fara yaqi, kuma daya daga cikinsu ya mutu babu makawa.
Kowane nau'in nau'in bumblebee-m yana tasowa a cikin mazaunin rukunin runduna guda ko biyu, kuma kewayonsu ya kai kusan iyakar arewa na yawan rarraba tubali. Yawancin nau'in ma har ma suna kwafar wadanda jinsin da suka zaɓa don ci gaba (a cikin jinsuna ɗaya, maza ne kawai).
A larvae na m inganta da sauri fiye da mai masauki, kuma ya zauna cikin mahaifa ne ƙasa bukatar on wintering yanayi.
Ina ne mai gurnani yake zaune?
Hoto: Injin Tsarin Bumblebee
Bumblebees suna daya daga cikin kwari mafi kwari. Suna zaune a dukkan nahiyoyi. Kadai kawai shine Antarctica. Koyaya, al inummomin a yankuna daban daban ba ɗaya bane. Don haka, a Arewacin Hemisphere, ana iya samun ƙarin bumblebees a cikin latitude na yanayi mai ƙarfi. Wasu nau'ikan kawai ake samu a gefen Yankin Arctic. A Chukotka, a Greenland, Alaska, arewaci da ƙahonin ƙaho na zaune. Saboda rayuwa, sun zabi tsauni, makiyaya iri iri, zaunar da su kusa da kan iyakar gizagizai.
A cikin tsaunuka, bumblebees suna da wuya. Wannan shi ne saboda peculiarities na thermoregulation na jikin dabbar. Suna kawai basu jin daɗi a yanayin zafi na yanayi. Bumblebees suna ƙaunar yanayin sanyi. Kwai biyu kawai ke zaune a cikin Amazonia; ana iya ganin nau'ikan halittu da yawa a cikin yanki na wurare masu zafi na Asiya. Wadannan kwari suna bazu ko'ina a Kudancin Amurka, ban da tsaunuka. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune a Afirka, Rasha, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bumblebees ba kwari bane. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin lambu, ɗakunan rani don pollination na albarkatu daban-daban. Wannan na iya ƙara girman matakin samar da kayayyaki.
An kawo kayan lambun lambuna musamman zuwa Australia. A nan ana amfani dasu don pollination na Clover, suna zaune ne kawai a cikin jihar Tasmania. Yawancin nau'in waɗannan kwari suna zaune a New Zealand.
Me ɗan iska ke cin abinci?
Wadannan dabbobin sune mafi kusancin dangin ƙudan zuma. Amma, duk da wannan, abincinsu ya sha bamban. Wasps suna da jerin "abinci" da yawa wanda ya dace da amfani. Suna cin itacen tsiro, fure na fure, sukari, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, zasu iya jin daɗin matsawa da zuma, a cikin ruwa. Irin wannan abincin bai dace da masu yin kiba ba.
Wakilan wannan dabi'ar suna cin abinci ne na musamman da ciyayi. Suna tattara su daga nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa. Jerin tsire-tsire masu girma ne, saboda haka ana kiran bumblebees duniya pollinators. Suna kawo fa'idodi masu yawa ga ayyukan noma na mutum, yana haɓaka haɓakar aiki cikin hanzari.
Manyan bumblebees suna da aikin ciyar da lardin su. Don yin wannan, suna kawo sabo nectar a gida. Wani lokacin maimakon ƙoshin nectar, ana bawa lardin suna da nasu zuma. Bumblebees kuma suna yin zuma, amma yana ɗan ɗan bambanta da kudan da aka saba. Bumblebee zuma yafi bakin ciki, tana da daidaiton haske, launi mai laushi. Dandanawa ba ta da daɗi kuma a zahiri ba ta haifar da wari. Irin wannan zuma yana ajiyar talauci sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kafin wayewar gari, mai bumblebee yana bayyana koyaushe a cikin gidan maza, wanda yake farawa zuwa mutum. Da farko, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ta wannan hanyar yana ƙarfafa sauran mutane su fara aiki. Koyaya, ya juya cewa bumblebee yana rawar jiki daga sanyi kuma yana ƙoƙarin dumama kanta, saboda da sanyin safiya zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa.
Bumblebees don pollination sun fi so su zaɓi furanni masu haske sosai. A lokuta da dama ne kawai, dabbobi za su iya more ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A cikin tsarin abincinsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna canja wurin tsaba, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka yawan aiki. Abincin da aka fi so da wannan kwaro shine Clover.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
HOTO: Bumblebee kan fure
Bumblebee yana nufin kwari na jama'a. Suna rayuwarsu tare da iyalai. Kowane iyali ya ƙunshi manyan sarakuna, maza da ƙananan masu aiki da wuta. Iyalai zaune a cikin manyan manyan nests. Wadannan dabbobin suna gina gida uku:
- Karkashin kasa. Wannan nau'in gidaje an fi son shi ta yawancin wakilan kwayoyin. A gida zauna a cikin watsi burrows na kananan, matsakaici-sized girman-rodum. Kamshin irin waɗannan dabbobi yana da matukar kyau ga matan bumblebees. Don rufe gida gida, kwaro yana amfani da kayan da ƙarar ta bar: ciyawa, bushe, ulu,
- A duniya. Irin waɗannan nunin suna zaune a cikin ciyawa mai yawa, ciyawar sheƙun tsuntsaye, a cikin gansar gansakuka,
- Sama da ƙasa. Wasu nau'ikan bumblebees suna zaune a cikin manya-manyan bishiyoyi, a cikin gidaje daban-daban har ma a cikin gidajen dabbobi.
Iyali mai lalacewa ba shi da yawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, lambarsa yana kama mutum ɗari ne kawai. Suna zaune tare shekara guda kawai. Bayan wani ɓangare na mace ta kafa sabbin dangi, ɗayan ɓangaren yana zuwa hunturu. Rayuwar bumblebees cike take. Kowane dangi yana da nasa ayyukan. Tsofaffi masu aiki suna yin dukkan "baƙi". Suna ciyar da larvae, samun abinci, tsare gida. Mahaifa ya shiga cikin kwanciya qwai, maza - hadi da mace. Bayan kammala babban aikin, maza a cikin mazaunan ba su kwance.
Yanayin masu barnatarwa suna da natsuwa, ba tashin hankali ba. Ba kamar yawancin danginsu ba, waɗannan kwari ba sa kaiwa mutane hari ba gaira babu dalili. Sai kawai idan akwai haɗarin zai iya bugun bumblebee. Koyaya, ga mutum zai zama kusan rashin jin daɗi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Dabarar dabba mai baƙi
Tsarin zamantakewa na bumblebees daidai yake da tsarin rayuwar yawancin yawancin wakilan ƙudan zuma. A cikin waɗannan dabbobin, mahaifa shine babba. Ita ce ta haifar da iyali, a farkon matakan da ta tsinci kanta a cikin aikin gida, ta sanya ƙwai. Wannan ya biyo baya ga maza da masu aiki da keɓaɓɓu, waɗanda daga baya suka tsunduma cikin ciyar da offspringa ,an, farauta don abinci.
Mace ta kasance mai fashewa a cikin bazara. Nan da nan bayan hadi, ya fara cin abinci na tsawon makonni. Wannan ya zama dole don haihuwar zuriya lafiya. Bayan haka, macen ta fara neman wurin da ya dace don kwanciya da ƙwai. A wannan lokacin, ƙwai a cikin ovaries na mace fara farawa. Bayan da ta sami wani wuri, mace ta ci gaba da zuwa wurin hidimar gini.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba duk nau'ikan bumblebees suna dame tare da gina gidan ba. Wadansu membobin halittar sunadarai suna yin rayuwar rayuwa ta musamman. Sun sanya zuriyarsu a cikin amshin wasu iyalai.
A wani lokaci, mace tana sanya ƙwai goma sha shida. Dukkansu suna da siffar elongated, wanda ya kai matsakaicin milimita huɗu a tsayi. Bayan kwanaki shida, larvae ya fito daga qwai. Babba a cikin kwana ashirin. Makaman kwandon ya yi girma cikin misalin kwanaki goma sha takwas. Wato, a matsakaita, tsofaffi suna bayyana bayan sun sanya ƙwai cikin kwana talatin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan mahaifa ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, dangin da ke birgewa ba su faɗi ba. Ayyukanta sun fara yin aikin bumblebees. Suna kuma iya kwanciya qwai.
Abokan gaba na maƙillan wuta
HOTO: Bumblebee a jirgin sama
Bumblebees suna da sauri, yanayin tsufa, kwari marasa lahani. Koyaya, suna da isasshen makiya na halitta. Mafi mahimmancin maƙiyan bumblebees ana iya kiranta tururuwa. Wannan karamin maharbin yana kawo lahani ga kwari: yana sata zuma, ƙwai, larvae. Dukkanin jinsunan da suka fi son gina gida a ƙasa suna fama da tururuwa. Saboda wannan dalili, yawancin jinsuna sun ƙi irin wannan mazaunin, sun gwammace su zauna saman ƙasa ko ƙasa, inda yake da wuya tururuwa su shiga.
Har ila yau, magabatan bumblebee ana ɗaukarsu wasu wakilan wasps. Don haka, wasun su kan kawo dan rashin wahala, sata sabon ruwan da aka shirya, wasu suna yanka zuriya. Wasikun wasikun suna da hannu a satar zuma, kuma wasikun Jamusanci za su iya cin duri.
Hadarin ga kowane bumblebee yana cikin kansa canopid kwari. Suna kai hari ga kwari a cikin iska. Irin wannan tashi na iya bin wanda ya kamata na sa'o'i. Bayan ya cimma burin sa, cannabis tashi tayi kwanciya da kwai kai tsaye akan murhun wuta. Daga baya, tsutsa ke fitowa daga kwan. Ta fara cin abincinta, wanda a hankali yake kaiwa ga mutuwarsa.
Babban lahani ga ban birni shine ke faruwa daga tsuntsaye da masu farauta. Daga cikin tsuntsayen, ana daukar mai cin kudan zuma a matsayin babban abokin gaba. Tana da fasaha ta kori daruruwan kwari, kuma tana lalata ɗimbin yawa a cikin shekara guda. Karnuka, shinge, karnuka basu damu da cin irin waɗannan kwari ba. Suna kai hari kannuna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: kwari na kwari
Bumblebee shine mafi mahimmancin pollinator. Yana kawo fa'idodi mai yawa ga ayyukan noma na mutum da dabi'a gabaɗaya, tsabtace daji, ciyawa, ciyayi. Haƙiƙa ne na duniya, "aiki" da sauri fiye da ƙudan zuma. Musamman kasancewarsu yana da mahimmanci a cikin rarraba legumes, alfalfa, Clover. Kuna iya amintacciyar faɗi cewa waɗannan tsirrai suna girma a cikin irin waɗannan lambobi kawai masu godiya ga masu bumblebees. Misali, an kawo bumblebees zuwa Australia daidai da dalilin kiwo, pollination Clover.
Yawan nau'ikan bumblebees suna da yawa. A yau kawai akwai nau'ikan sama da ɗari uku. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a adadi da yawa a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyin duniya. Wani banbanci shine Antarctica. Bumblebees da sauri isasshen haihuwa, cikin gwanin kamewa, wanda wasu lokuta mutane ke bina don dalilai na aikin gona. Saboda wadannan dalilai, yawan wadannan dabbobin suna da tsayayye.
Gabaɗaya, alƙalumman birni a yau ba sa cikin haɗari. An sanya ra'ayi ne matsayin “ƙarancin damuwa”. Bayan haka, ana iya sanin cewa ba shi yiwuwa a kiyasta yawan wadannan kwari tare da ingantattun dalilai na dalilai. Suna ƙanana kaɗan, wani lokacin suna zaune a wurare mara iyaka.Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance takamaiman adadin waɗannan dabbobin.
Bumblebee mai gadi
Hoto: Littafin buɗe ido na Bumblebee
Duk da isasshen adadin ban birgima, wasu wakilan wannan dabi'ar ana rarrabasu azaman kwari da yawa ke ɓacewa. Wasu nau'ikan bumblebees suna mutuwa sannu a hankali, saboda haka aka jera su a cikin Littattafan Red na ƙasashe da wasu biranen. Zai yi wuya a bayyana takamaiman abubuwan da ke haifar da hallakar waɗannan dabbobi.
Koyaya, abubuwan da ke biyo baya suna da tasiri sosai ga yawan masu lalacewa: mummunar lalacewar muhalli a yankuna, bayyanar da abokan gaba ga kwari, lalata gurbi na mutane, da rashin abinci.
Rarearancin da ba a san shi ba shine ƙirar Armeniya. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Ukraine, Russia. Wannan dabba tana tsunduma cikin pollination na hadaddun tsire-tsire, legumes. Ya gwammace ya zauna cikin kwari, da tuddai, a gefen gandun daji inda bishiyun bishiyoyi ke girma. Hakanan a cikin littafin Red Ras na Rasha an jera bumblebee talakawa. A cikin ƙaramin abu, har yanzu yana zaune a wasu yankuna na ɓangaren Turai na Rasha.
Duk da cewa wasu nau'ikan nau'in bumblebees an jera su a cikin Littattafai. Ba a aiwatar da matakan da suka dace don kare su ba. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu therean wasu nau'ikan bumblebees kuma gaba ɗaya wannan nau'in bashi da hadari. Koyaya, don adana ragowar nau'in halittu masu saurin magana, ya zama dole a wani yanayi don takaita ayyukan tattalin arziƙi a cikin mazauninsu, da haramta haɓakar gobara, da iyakance wuraren kiwo.
Bumblebee - launuka mai haske, kwaro mai amfani sosai. Tantancewa ne na duniya baki daya, baya cutar da mutum, baya nuna zalunci. Bumblebees suna tartsatsi ko'ina cikin duniya. Suna iya jure yanayin sauƙin sanyi, ku guji ƙwararraki saboda ƙanƙanin yanayin zafi na jikinsu. Wannan nau’i ne na musamman na dangin kudan zuma, wanda ya cancanci kulawa da taka tsantsan a ɓangaren mutane, saboda wasu ire-iren ire-irensu a yau an riga an jera su a cikin Littattafan Red na jihohi daban-daban.
Ina masu bumblebees suke rayuwa a cikin halitta
Bumblebees suna zaune kusan ko'ina, a duk nahiyoyi, ban da sanyi Antarctica. Su ne na kowa musamman a cikin yanayin latitude, amma akwai wasu nau'ikan bumblebees waɗanda suke rayuwa har bayan Arctic Circle, a cikin tundra. Baƙi na yau da kullun bumblebee ne a cikin tsaunukan tuddai, amma kusanci da mai daidaitawa, a cikin tsaunuka, babu birrai da yawa, alal misali, a cikin gandun daji na Amazon akwai wasu nau'ikan bumblebees biyu kawai. Hakanan a farkon karni na ashirin, an kawo wasu nau'ikan gandun daji daga Turai zuwa Australia da New Zealand, inda suke har yanzu.
Gabaɗaya, bumblebees sune mafi yawan wakilan sanyi masu tsayayya daga dangin kudan zuma. Duk da cewa ba sa son tsaunukan da ke da zafi sosai, duk wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙyalƙyalin daɗaɗɗen zafin jikinsu, gaskiyar magana ita ce yanayin zafin jiki na ƙarar baƙin ƙarfe zai iya kaiwa digiri 40, Celsius, ya wuce zafin yanayin na sama da digiri 20-30. Irin wannan karuwa a cikin zafin jiki ana danganta shi da saurin lalacewar tsokoki na kirji, ƙyallen guda ɗaya shine tushen kasuwancin sa.
Bumblebee Nests Sama da ƙasa
Wasu nau'ikan bumblebees sun gwammace su shirya makanninsu a saman duniya: a cikin manya-manyan bishiyoyi, katako na lambun.
Siffar filayen karkashin kasa da ƙasa na iya zama daban kuma ya dogara da kogon da 'yan bumburutu ke amfani da shi. Gidaje suna da banbaci tare da ciyawa mai bushe, gansakuka, an ƙarfafa shi da kakin zuma da ke ɓoye ta hanyar amfani da gland mai ciki na musamman. Daga wannan kakin zuma, bumblebees gina kakin zuma dome da ke hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga danshi, shi ma masks ƙofar zuwa gida don kare da intruders.
Rayuwar bumblebees a cikin yanayi
Bumblebees, kamar sauran kwari na dangin kudan zuma, halittun zamantakewa ne kuma suna zama a cikin iyalai waɗanda suka ƙunshi:
- manyan sarakuna.
- ƙaramin aiki bumblebees na mata.
- bumblebees na maza.
Mahaifa yana da alhakin haifuwar 'ya' ya, ko da yake a cikin rashi, mata masu aiki na iya sa ƙwai. Iyalin ɗan boko haram ba su da girma kamar na kudan zuma, amma har yanzu yana da lambobi 100-200, kuma wasu lokuta duka mutane 500. Zaman rayuwar dangi mai lalacewa yawanci yakan kasance ne daga lokacin bazara zuwa kaka, wanda bayan haka iyali sun tsinke, wani ɓangare na mace yakan tafi hunturu don fara sabon tsarin rayuwa a lokacin bazara.
A cikin iyalin bumblebee, kowa yana da nasa takamaiman nauyin: aikin bumblebees yana samun abinci, ciyar da larvae, ba da kariya kuma yana kare gida. A lokaci guda, akwai kuma rarrabuwar ƙwadago tsakanin masu aiki masu rauni, kamar yadda wakilai mafi girma ke tashi don abinci, yayin da ƙananan su ke ciyar da larvae.
Aikin namiji abu ne mai sauki kuma mai fahimta - hadi da mace. Mahaifa, ita ce mace ta kafa iyali, tana sanya kwai, tana ciyar da larva, kuma gaba daya ke kulawa da zuriya.
Ta yaya masu bumblebees suke kiwo?
Bumblebee kiwo yana da matakai hudu:
- Ya hadu da kwan.
- Tsutsa
- Dolly.
- Imago (ita tsohuwa ce).
Tare da farkon bazara, ya zauna cikin mahaifa overwintered da hadu a cikin kwari kwari daga ta tsari da kuma a cikin makonni da yawa ne na ke shirya don nesting. Bayan samo wuri wanda ya dace da gida, ya zauna cikin mahaifa fara gini. A cikin sabon gidan da aka gina, ya zauna cikin mahaifa ya sanya ƙwai 8-16 tare da siffar elongated.
Bayan kwanaki 3-6, larvae na bumblebee sun bayyana, suna girma cikin sauri, suna cin abincin da macen ta kawo.
Bayan kwanaki 10-19, ƙwanƙwasa mai fara'a da farawa zai fara saƙa da kwakwa da ɗalibai. Bayan wasu ranakun 10-18, matasa masu karaya suna fara fitowa daga koko, suna jan su. Af, daga baya fanko cocoons za'a iya amfani dashi don adana zuma ko pollen. Bayan bayyanar zuriya ta farko, bayan kwanaki 20-30 daga lokacin da aka sanya kwan qwai, ya zauna cikin mahaifa kusan bai tashi daga cikin gida ba. Ayyukan kayan abinci suna ɗauke da ta ta itsa firstanta na farko - masu aiki waɗanda ke yin duk wasu mahimman ayyukan.
Amma game da mazajen da aka haifa, kwanaki 3-5 bayan samuwar balagaggu, sukan bar keɓaɓɓen iyayensu don neman wasu naru da wasu sarakuna waɗanda za su aura a daidai lokacin dabbar ta hanyar magabata.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da mai yin murhu yake rayuwa?
Rayuwar ɗan bumbun baki gajere kuma ya dogara da wurin mai murƙushewa a cikin jama'a mai lalacewa, inda masu aikin bumblebee ke rayuwa a matsakaicin sati biyu. Bumblebees, maza suna rayuwa har kusan wata guda, kuma suna mutu ba da jimawa ba bayan ma'aurata, macen da ta kafa mace ta fi tsawon rayuwa, matan da aka Haifa a farkon bazara, kuma waɗanda aka haife su a kaka kuma suka tsira lokacin hunturu na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekara guda - har faɗuwar gaba.
Duniya Bumblebee
An bambanta wannan bumblebee ta baya tare da ƙungiya mai launin ja da baki mai saman kirji. Mace sun kai 19-23 mm a tsayi, mutane masu aiki 11-17 mm. Suna zaune a Turai, gaban Asiya da arewa maso yammacin Afirka. Abin ban sha'awa, a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, an kirkiro wata dabara don kiwo masana'antu na wannan nau'in bumblebee. Gaskiyar ita ce murhun ƙura a cikin ƙasa yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, yana taimakawa pollination na wasu albarkatu daban-daban (ciki har da tumatir, eggplant, cucumbers, barkono da strawberries).
Armeniyan bumblebee
Rarewararren wakilin mulkin bumblebee, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da cikin Ukraine, da aka jera a cikin littafin Red. Yana zaune a Gabashin Turai da Minan Asiya. Tsawon jikin wannan gurnani shine 21-32 mm. Yana da fuka-fukai masu launin ruwan kasa da kumatun hawaye.
Gidan shakatawa na lambun
Kazalika da ƙasa mai saukar ungulu a lokacin, Britishan Burtaniya ya gabatar da shi ga New Zealand, inda yake zaune har wa yau. Kuma banda wannan, zaku iya haɗuwa da kayan lambuna a kan iyaka daga Ingila zuwa Siberiya. Mahaifa shine 18-24 mm a tsayi, mutane masu aiki 11-16 mm. Kirjin wannan bumblebee yana da rawaya tare da baki mai ratsa tsakanin fikafikan. Shine kuma maigidan sanannen proboscis da nars a karkashin kasa a tsoffin burrows da aka bari ta hanyar zinare.
Bumblebee cizo da sakamakonsa
Gabaɗaya, ɗan murza-kwari kwari ne mai ƙaunar zaman lafiya, shi kansa bai taɓa kaiwa hari ba, kuma yana iya cin hanci yayin kare kansa kawai. Koyaya, cizon bumblebee mai rauni ne kuma mara lahani, wannan ba karamin cigaba bane a gare ku. Thearfe a cikin jikin ba ya zama, bumblebee yana sake mayar da shi ga kansa, amma guba da aka saki daga maƙarƙashiyar a yayin ciji yana iya haifar da jin daɗin ji: ƙoshin ciki, jin zafi, jan launi, kumburi, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, suna iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Amma wannan yana cikin lokuta mafi wuya, saboda ga yawancin mutane masu lafiya, guba mai haɗari ba ta da haɗari.
Abin da za a yi a gida idan mai bumblebee bit
Tabbas, abu mafi kyawun abu shine kawai don hana cizo mai lalacewa, don wannan duk abin da zakuyi shine kada kuyi kokarin karɓar kayan lalata a hannunku, amma ku lura da shi a cikin yanayi don ku zama ba da gangan ku zauna a kan bumblebee tare da “tabo mai laushi” ba. Amma idan hakanan cizo mai lalacewa ya faru, to taimakon farko ya zama kamar haka:
- Ya kamata a lalata wurin da bitamin tare da maganin maganin ƙwayar cuta, barasa ko ruwa da sabulu.
- Sanya damfara mai sanyi akan wurin cizo.
- Karka taba shan giya bayan ciji.
- Itching, idan akwai, za'a iya cire shi tare da maganin antihistamine: suprastin, claritin, zirtek, da sauransu.
Magabatan Bumblebees
Manyan abokan gaban bumblebees sune tururuwa, sata zuma daga wata mace, sata ƙwai da tsutsa ƙwalla. Don kare kansu daga tururuwa, bumblebees suna gina mazaunin kuli a ƙasa, nesa da ƙuraje.
Wani maƙiyin ɓaure da kwari shine kwari da kwari, kuma suna satar zuma da cin abinci. Wasu tsuntsaye, kamar masu cin kudan zuma na zinare, suna cin ƙwanƙwasawa, suna toshe su.