Kwakwalwar Afirka ta Kudu na cikin dangin canine kuma yana cikin ɓangarorin halittar Fox. Tana zaune a cikin Afirka ta kudu cike da daidaito. Waɗannan su ne Botswana, Namibia, kudu maso yamma Angola, Zimbabwe, Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yanayin zama ya faɗaɗa kudu maso yamma zuwa ga tekun Atlantika. Hakanan an fadada shi a Gabashin Cape zuwa gabar Tekun Indiya. Gidaje shine filin da ciyawa tare da busassun ciyashi da kuma ciyawar daji tare da shuki.
Bayyanar
Maza sun fi girma sama da mace. Tsawon jikinsa ya banbanta daga cm 45 zuwa 60. Wutsiyar ta kasance tsawon 30-40 cm.Don matsakaicinta ya kai santimita 34.8. Tsayinsa a ƙasan ya kai santimita 29-33. Weight shine 3.5-5 kg. A lokaci guda, maza sunkai 300 g fiye da mace a kan matsakaita.Domin launuka akan launuka na baya shine launin shuɗi. A bangarorin da ciki akwai haske tare da tinge mai launin rawaya. Wutsiya kyakkyawa ce kuma duhu mai duhu. Akwai aibobi masu duhu a bayan kwatangwalo da wani ramin duhu mai duhu a ƙarshen makarkashiyar.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Wakilan nau'ikan sun samar da nau'ikan nau'i biyu. Matan sun sami damar haihuwar zuriya cikin shekara, amma ganiya cikin haihuwa yakan faru a watan Agusta - Oktoba. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 51-53. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda, a matsakaita, akwai cubs 3. Raba-ɗakin murhu na iya ƙunsar har zuwa jarirai 6. Mace ta haihu a cikin rami ko ciyayi mai yawa. Ciyar da madara na tsawon makonni 6-8. A makonni 16, dawakai sun iya farauta kadai, amma sun sami 'yanci gabaɗaya da shekaru 5. Balagagge yakan faru ne a watanni 9. A cikin daji, fox na Afirka ta Kudu na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
Halayya da Abinci
Rayuwar Dare. Ana nuna mafi girman aikin nan da nan bayan faɗuwar rana da kuma kafin wayewar gari. Da rana, dabbobi suna hutawa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko cikin ciyayi mai yawa. Burrows suna haƙa kansu, amma galibi sun cika filayen sauran dabbobin da aka watsar da su. Rayuwa ita kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i - maza tare da mata. Amma abinci a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan nau'i-nau'i koyaushe ana hatsi kuma ana cin abinci daban. Suna da yankuna na kansu. Suna yin sautin haushi. Idan akwai haɗari. Lokacin da aka yi murnar, dawakai dan Afirka ta Kudu ya dauke wutsiyarsa. A mafi girma shi aka tashe, da mafi girma da tashin hankali.
Abincin shine na duniya. Abubuwan da suka fi ƙoshin gaske sune ƙananan ƙwayoyi. A lokaci guda, ƙwaro da katako suna girke abinci mai mahimmanci. Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, hares ke ci. Daga kayan abinci ana iya kiransa 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari na daji. Canje-canje a cikin abincin yana da alaƙa da lokutan yanayi da kuma wadatar ganima. Idan akwai abinci mai yawa, to, dabbobin suna ajiyewa.
Matsayin Kariya
Rashin mazaunin sabili da ayyukan mutane babban haɗari ne ga dabbobi da yawa na Afirka. A lokaci guda, dawakai na Afirka ta Kudu basu da matsayi mai wahala. Akasin haka, faɗaɗa ƙasar noma ta haifar da wuraren zama masu dacewa kuma hakan ya haifar da yaɗuwar wannan nau'in. Waɗannan ƙananan dawakai suna sarrafa ƙananan smallan tsira sannan kuma suna amfanar mutane.
Vulpes chama (A. Smith, 1833)
Range: Afirka ta Kudu, Namibia, Botswana, kudu maso yammacin Angola, watakila Lesotho da Swaziland.
A cikin kudu maso yamma na Angola ya isa zuwa nesa mai kimanin 15 ° N. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, nau'in ya fadada kewayon shi zuwa kudu maso yamma, inda ya isa ga gabar tekun Atlantika da tekun Indiya. An tsara fadada kewayon ta hanyar gabashin Cape. Ba a san halin da ake ciki a Swaziland ba, amma suna iya zama a kudu maso yamma, tunda ana samun jinsunan a cikin yankuna kusa da arewacin Kwazulu-Natal, ba a tabbatar da mazauninsu a Lesotho ba, amma wataƙila. Bayanan bayanan da suka gabata game da mazauninsu a yammacin Zimbabwe da Mozambique ba tabbatattu bane kuma ana ganin ba zai yiwu waɗannan bayanan suyi inganci ba.
Kaciyar Afirka ta Kudu tana da siriri mai siriri da wutsiya mara nauyi wanda yake da bakin baki. Maza kusan kashi 5% ne na mata.
A tsohuwar lardin Cape, tsawon jikin mutum da na maza shine 55.4 cm (45.0-61.0), mace 55.3 cm (51.0-62.0), tsawon wutsiya na maza shine 34.8 cm (30.0– 40.6), mace 33.8 cm (25.0-39.0), tsayin daka na maza 13.1 cm (12.3-1.0), mata 12.6 cm (11.5-1 ), girman kunne na maza shine 9.8 cm (9.0-1.0), mace 9.7 cm (8.7-10.5), nauyin maza shine 2.8 kg (2.0-4.2), mace 2.5 kilogiram (2.0-4.0).
Babban launi na ɓangarorin sama shine launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Shugaban, baya na dogon kunnuwa, kasan kafafu daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi zuwa launin shuɗi mai haske. A jikin mucks akwai fari na farin gashi tare da mafi girman maida hankali akan cheeks, gefukan kunnuwa kuma suna ɗaure da fararen gashi. Zai iya kasancewa da kunkuntar duhu sama da kuma tsakanin idanu da kuma a saman bakin mucks. Babban kirji mai launin shuɗi ne, ƙananan ƙananan sassan jikinsu fari ne kodadde launin rawaya, galibi yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Kashi na sama na gaban kafafunsa ja masu launin ja, suna zama paler yayin da yake raguwa, da wani wuri mai duhu mai duhu akan ɓangarorin cinyoyin kafafun dam na baya. Gabaɗaya, gashin kan jiki yana da taushi, tare da lafuzzan gashi mai nauyin gashi (kusan 25 mm a tsayi), an rufe shi da wani yanki mai farin ciki mai kauri na gashin kansa a matsakaicin 45 mm kowannensu, ƙarshen ƙarshen baƙar fata bane, amma tare da sansanonin haske kuma an kewaye shi da azirfa. Da wuya ya fi tsawo gashi gashi an watsuwa a jikin fitsari. A lokacin yawo, daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, yawancin rigar kariya suna ɓacewa, suna bawa dawakai sukuni kuma "tsirara". Manyan saman saman paws suna da launin toka ja. Yankin goshi, kaifi, mai lankwasa, kimanin mm 15 a cikin kwana. Tsakanin matasan kai na paws, ana lura da ci gaban gashi. Wutsiya tana da kauri sosai tare da gashin kansa mutum ya kai mmzir 55 a tsayinsu. Gashin gashi na wutsiya a gindi fararen fata ne, amma ga tukwici daɗaɗɗɗan baki ko duhu mai duhu. A nesa, janar na wutsiya ya fito ne daga baki zuwa duhu mai duhu, dukda cewa wutsiyar tana kama da abu a hannaye.
Kwanyar ta kasance kunkuntar kuma elongated. Gsosai masu tsayi, da bakin ciki da ƙarfi sosai, manyan motsi guda biyu suna da faɗi, a zaman daidaitawa don murƙushewa.
Matan suna da nau'i biyu kan nono, inguinal daya da ciki 2.
Ba a san adadin chromosomes ba.
Ba ta da tallafi.
Tsarin ya yadu cikin yankuna na tsakiya da yammacin Afirka ta Kudu. Mafi yawan lokuta sun mamaye yankuna ne da ke da tazara, amma a wasu yankuna, kamar finbosh a yammacin lardin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu, wannan nau'in ya fada cikin yankuna masu tsananin ruwan sama da ciyayi.
Yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da wuraren bude fili, gami da wuraren kiwo, ciyawar da ke da filayen da ke warwatse da kuma wuraren dazuka keɓaɓɓu, musamman a cikin busassun wurare na Karu, Kalahari da kuma bayan hamadar Namib. Sukan shiga ciyayi mai ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa finbosh mai ƙwanƙwasa a yammacin Cape, har zuwa cikin ƙasar noma mai yawa wacce take cikin aljihunan ciyawar. A nan suna ciyar da gona da arar gona da dare. A gefen gabashin hamada na Namib a Namibia, dawakai suka mamaye filayen tsafe tsafe da dusar kankara, suna fitowa a filayen kwari a cikin dare. A Botswana, ana yin rikodin su a cikin busasshen itacen Acacia, a cikin ɗan ciyawar ciyawa, kuma musamman a kan ƙarshen tashoshi mai ƙarancin yanayi, har ma da filayen girbi da ciyawar ciyawa. A tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu, sun mamaye filaye, haka kuma akwai kananan duwatsu da kuma tsafin dutse. Freeungiyar Free ta fi yawa a cikin yankunan da ruwan sama da mm ba mm 500, ko da yake a KwaZulu-Natal an yi rikodin tsakanin 1000 da 1500 m sama da matakin teku, inda ruwan sama yake kusan 720-760 mm.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana rarraba jinsunan sosai a wani muhimmin sashi na kewayon sa, kodayake sarrafa dabbobi da ke haifar da matsala ya haifar da raguwar jama'a a wasu yankuna. Ba a yin amfani da adadi don kawai lardin Free na Kudancin Afirka, inda aka kiyasta matsakaicin adadin 0.3 fox a kowace km² tare da jimlar yawan mutane dubu 31.
Ba a yin nazarin lafiyar lafiyar tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu, mafi yawan bayanai daga binciken daya ne wanda Bester (1982) ya kirkira a cikin Free State. Fuka-fuka suna rayuwa cikin nau'i biyu. Da alama iyakokin yankunan gidansu sun mamaye, musamman a wuraren da ganima ke da yawa, kodayake yankin da aka ba shi kariya yana iyakantaccen yanki a kusa da kogon tare da ppan karen puppy. Shirye-shiryen gida suna 1.0-4.6 km² kuma yana iya bambanta dangane da yawan ruwan sama da adadin abinci.
Kyakkyawan ji yana nuna ingantaccen abu game da mai farauta da masu farauta. Ayyukan nocturnal na iya yin aiki don rage tsinkaye, musamman daga manyan masu hasashen rana (kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar ɗan fashin Afghanistan Vulpes cana).
Babban haɗin murya yana ƙunshe da babban kuka mai ƙarewa a cikin kaifi mai kaifi. Kyakyayin dawakai yana haushi lokacinda yake gab da kogo tare da ppan doliyo na yiwuwar maharmar. Bayyanar wulakanci da wutsiyar wutsiya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a sadarwar gani.
Dukda cewa dawakai dan Afrika ta kudu suna zaune cikin ma'aurata basu da yawa, to amma ana yin hakan ne daban daban. Wasu lokuta ne kawai zasu iya tarawa cikin ƙungiyoyi kyauta don ciyar a tushen wadataccen abinci. Ciyarwa kusan kusan yanayin aiki na musamman, tare da kololuwa kaɗan bayan faɗuwar rana da kuma sanyin safiya. Ana samun mafi yawan abin da ake samu ta hanyar yin haƙa da sauri tare da farawan gaba, akasari gabanin sauraro mai daɗi. Abu ne na kowa don ɓoye ganima.
Abincin fox na Afirka ta Kudu yana da fadi da yawa, gami da ƙananan ƙwayoyi (mice), hares, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, invertebrates da wasu wilda wildan daji. Binciken abubuwan ciki na ciki 57 da aka tattara a yankuna da yawa na yammacin da tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu (tsohuwar lardin Cape) sun nuna cewa ƙwayoyin dabbobi sune mafi mahimmancin kayan abincin dabbobi daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, gwoza (larvae da manya) da kuma ciyawar ciyawa da aka tara akasarin cututtukan da suke cinyewa. Sauran karatuttukan abinci game da Botswana, Free State, tsohon lardin Transvaal, da Afirka ta Kudu gaba ɗaya sun bayyana irin wannan yanayin. Wasu lokuta kuma ana hada wasu tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin abincin, amma basu da mahimmanci. Mafi yawancin nau'ikan abincin daji sun hada da ƙanƙan daji (Lepus spp.) Da kuma masu yawo (Pedetes capensis). Amfani da abin farauta da alama yana nuna wadatar sa da bambance-bambancen lokaci na yalwa. Hakanan an haɗo su cikin abincin suna ɗaukar kaya kuma wasu lokuta matasa 'yan raguna da yara.
An tsara yin ƙaddara game da dabbobi, musamman 'yan raguna ƙarƙashin shekara 3 da haihuwa. Koyaya, koyaushe ba koyaushe yake bayyana lokacin da ake cin dillalan abinci ba, da kuma lokacin da yake ganima. Aƙalla wasu yankuna, matakin lalacewa yana da ƙari. Yawancin lokaci bsan raguna da akuya suka kashe galibi suna da kwanaki 4. Babbar asarar ofan raguna daga dabbar ita ce rubutacciyar hanya a cikin Freeasashe Kyauta, inda a cikin 1982 an nuna cewa dawakai na iya kashe 4.5% na raguna.
Sake haifarwa a wasu yankuna ba na lokaci bane, a wasu - yanayi. Yawancin haihuwar suna faruwa ne a cikin bazara da bazara, a watan Agusta da Satumba a yammacin Afirka ta Kudu kuma daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba, tare da mafi girma a watan Satumba a Free State. A cikin bauta a Pretoria, an yi rikodin haihuwa tun daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
A Kalahari, kiwo ya bayyana a lokacin bazara da kuma bazara. A Yankunan Yammaci da na Arewa, Cape da matasa sun hadu a Nuwamba da Disamba.
Ciki kusan kwanaki 52 kenan. Girman litter a cikin Free State shine 2.9 (1-6), a Kalahari 2.8 (2-4). 'Ya'ya' yar tsana an haife shi cikin burƙai waɗanda aka haƙa cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko kuma aka haɓaka, mai haɓaka ta hanyar mai saurin tafiya ko aardvark (Orycteropus afer) Hakanan an sani cewa dawakai suna amfani da fasa, ɓarna a tsakiyan duwatsu, wani lokacin ciyayi mai yawa na kwana. Canjin ramin yana da alaƙa ko dai da nisantar tarin dabbobi, ko kuma ɗaukar mahaɗan da ke da wuya.
Namiji yana ciyar da mace makon farko da na biyu bayan haihuwa, to duka iyayen sun kula da 'yan kwikwiyo, kodayake babban mai ba da abincin shine mace. Babu masu taimaka a lamirin. Duk iyayen sun kare 'yar tsana daga masu fada a ji. Hakanan, duka iyayen sun kula da karnuka a farko, kodayake a lokacin namiji zai iya barin dangi. Ba'a san tsawon lokacin da namiji zai kasance tare da dangin ba.
'Yan kuya-maza sun kasance a kusa da kogon har sai sun iya bin mahaifiyarsu, sun fara farauta tun kimanin mako 16 da haihuwa, sun sami' yanci daga mahaifiyarsu da kuma rarrabuwar kai kimanin shekaru 5. Lokacin balaga ya kai ga watanni 9.
A Kudancin Kalahari, an rubuta ramin gama gari. A cikin Free State a 1982, an gano zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi puppy 8, mai yiwuwa yana nuna irin wannan yanayin.
Kwakwalwar Afirka ta Kudu tana tausayawa aardvark (Proteles cristata), jaket mai baƙar fata (Canis meomelas) da kuma babban dawakai (Octocyon megalotis), kuma gasa na iya iyakance yawanta. Koyaya, akwai wadataccen rabuwa na ayyuka a cikin lokaci, sarari da abinci don tabbatar da haɗin kansu na waɗannan mafarautan.
Wataƙila jackal-mai goyan baya (Canis mesomelas) mai fafatawa ne kuma ɗan gaban lokaci-lokaci na dawakai na Afirka ta Kudu. Yana yiwuwa wasu masu farauta, kamar su caracal (Caracal caracal) suma suna gasa. Inda dawakai da Afirka ta kudu suka haɗu tare da abokan hamayya kamar su jackal baki, wasu bambance-bambance a amfani da ganima a bayyane yake. Koyaya, a mafi yawan kewayon dawakai ta Afirka ta Kudu, an lalata manyan masu farautar ko an rage adadin su da muhimmanci.
An yi rikodin 2 na tsinkaya ta baƙar fata da bakin 1 da damisa (Panthera pardus) a Kalahari.
Yawan mace-macen dawakai na Afirka ta Kudu ya dogara sosai a kan yaki da dabbobi masu matsalar, musamman a Afirka ta Kudu da Kudancin Namibia. A da, yawan adanann dabbobin da ke damun da aka kashe yayin gudanar da ayyukan an adana su ne a kungiyoyin farauta da ƙungiyoyi. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an watsar da yawancin kulawar farauta, kuma matakan kulawa yawancin, manyan manoma ne ke yin su.
Kwatsam, ana ganin fatalwa a cikin shagunan a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia, amma adadin konkoma karãtun fãtun na fatauci ƙanƙani ne. A Botswana, ana amfani da fatalwar wannan dabbar da sauran nau'ikan don ƙirƙirar bargo na gargajiya (caross), amma babu bayanai. Ofarancin rigunan bargo da yawa na iya rage yawan buƙatar dabbobin dabbobi.
Yawan mace-mace daga ababen hawa ba ƙaranci ba ne, musamman idan aka kwatanta da ɗimbin dabbar da yawa. Manyan manyan dawakai sukan shiga wuta mai zuwa sau da yawa, yayin da dawakai na Afirka ta kudu yawanci sukan juya suyi tafiya dasu.
Dawakai na Afirka ta kudu suna da saukin kamuwa da cutar zomo, amma ba daidai suke da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba.
Ba a san lokacin rayuwa ba, amma da wuya ya fi shekaru 7 a cikin daji, kodayake wasu marubutan sun nuna har zuwa shekaru 10. Tunda ba'a yi nazarin binciken rayuwa a cikin fursuna dalla-dalla, mafi girman shekaru ba a sani ba.
10.12.2015
Fox ta Afirka ta Kudu (lat. Vulpa chama) ita ce ƙaramin memba na yankin Caniformia a kan Afirka. Ya yi kama da cat na gida na yau da kullun a cikin girman. Jiki mai santsi, ɗanta mai laushi da manyan kunnuwa suna mata kyakkyawar kyakkyawar fuska. Ana kuma kiranta Cape Fox ko Azurfa.
Halayyar
Farin Afirka ta Kudu ta zama ruwan dare a Afirka ta Kudu ban da yankuna na bakin teku kusa da Tekun Indiya. Tana zaune a Zimbabwe, Angola, Afirka ta kudu da Namibia. Mafi yawan jama'a suna cikin Lesotho. Don sasantawa, dawakai kan zabi mafi yawan fili a cikin savannah, Semi-hamada da kuma tsakanin finbosh (ciyawar daji a yankin Cape).
Maharbi yakan yi farauta galibi shi kadai kuma a dare. Yawancin dabbobi suna zaune a cikin iyalai masu aure ko kungiyoyin iyali. Abokai na kusa suna cikin rukuni na dangi, wanda mata galibi 2-3 ke kulawa da samari. Yankin ma'aurata sun iya zama daga murabba'in 1.5 zuwa 4.5. km kuma ya zo daidai da sauran sassan mutane. Iyakokin dukiyoyinsu, waɗannan dawakai ba sa tsare kuma ba sa nuna ƙiyayya ga dangi.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Fuka-fuki suna cin abinci akan mice, lizards, ƙananan layi da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Suna kuma cin kwari, musamman ma kwari da kwari. A wani lokaci farauta zomaye. Yayin farauta, mafarautan suna haɓaka mafi girma, ta yin amfani da dogo mai tsayi kamar ma'auni akan matakan jigilar. Lokacin da aka ciyar da su ba tare da abinci ba, suna iya ciyar da abinci da datti a cikin kayan shara.
Duk da girman girmanta, wannan dabbar tana da damar yanka ɗan rago ɗan wata uku, amma irin waɗannan lokuta suna da wuya.
Tana yin hankali ba ƙoƙarin nuna rikici da manoma na cikin gida kuma tana ɗaukar irin wannan matakin ne kawai a cikin yanayi na musamman.
Kiwo
Fuka-fukai na Afrika ta Kudu sun yi bankwana shekara. Suna kafa iyali koyaushe sau ɗaya a rayuwa. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 51-52. Nami yakan kawo abinci ga mace yayin makonni biyu na farko bayan haihuwar zuriya. Bayan haka, yakan bar ta tsawon lokacin kula da shi.
Matsakaicin haihuwar yana raguwa akan lokacin daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu. Oneaya mace ta kan kawo daga marayu shida zuwa ɗari shida tsirara waɗanda aka yi awo daga 50 zuwa 100. Titin yana cikin rami wanda jariran zasu kasance har zuwa watanni huɗu. Daga nan sai su fara shiga cikin farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu.
Bayan watanni 1.5-2 na horarwa, dawakai suka sami damar ciyar da kansu kuma suka bar mahaifiyarsu. Suna yin jima'i a cikin watanni 9, kuma sun kai girman manya a lokacin shekara ɗaya.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum yakai kusan 50-55 cm, tsayinsa a ƙasan mayun bai wuce cm 30-33 ba .. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogram 2.6. Jiki yana da sauqi. Dogo mai tsayi fiye da rabin jiki. Ganin wutsiyar baƙar fata ce.
Jawo a baya yana fentin launin shuɗi. Shugaban ya yi ja. Lowerasan jikina yayi wuta. Gefar makarfin kusa da hanci da ciki na kunnuwa fari. Akwai wani tabo na baki tsakanin idanu. Kafafu suna da bakin ciki da tsawo.
Tsawon lokacin rayuwar fox a Afirka ta Kudu kusan shekara 6 kenan. A cikin zaman talala, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, mutane da yawa suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.