Yawan nauyin manya shine 1300-3200 kg. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 209-500 cm, gami da wutsiya - cm 35. Tsawon tsinkayen shine yakai santin 150-165. Hippos suna da launin shuɗi ko launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, tare da ɓangaren launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da idanu. Jikinsu ya rufe da kadan gashi mai kauri, ban da kai da wutsiya. Fuskokin waje na fata suna da matukar bakin ciki, wanda yake sa su zama masu rauni ga raunuka yayin faɗa.

Hippos rashin wadataccen gland shine yake. Madadin haka, gabobin mucous suna ɓoye lokacin farin ciki mai mai mai laushi mai launin jan launi. Shekaru da yawa, an dauki wannan ruwan a matsayin cakuda gumi da jini. Yanzu an san shi da zama cakuda abubuwa na hiposudoric da norhipposudoric acid. Wadannan mahadi suna haifar da tasirin hasken rana, suna shakar hasken rana na ultraviolet da kuma hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan na bayyanar hasken rana akan fatar dabba, cirewar ta canza daga launi mara launi zuwa ja-mai-ruwan haske.

Yayi ƙyalƙyali da ganga, mai yiyuwa, hippos suna da makawa a ƙasa kuma cikin ruwa. Koyaya, karbuwa ga rayuwa cikin yanayin ruwa ya basu damar hanzarta motsawa cikin ruwa da ƙasa. A doron ƙasa, suna da ikon yin saurin gudu zuwa kilomita 30 / h kuma suna kiyaye shi tsawon mituna da yawa. A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, gajerun kafafunsu suna ba da motsi mai ƙarfi, ƙafafun kafaffun kafaɗa suna sauƙaƙa motsawa zuwa ƙasan koguna. Matsayin idanu, kunnuwa, hanci na sama a kan kai yana bawa kwarin gwiwar zama a cikin ruwa a mafi yawan lokuta, yayin da yake sauƙaƙe numfashi da sarrafa yanayin da ke kewaye da su. Lokacin da aka nutsar da shi gaba ɗaya, hipopotamus ya rufe hancinsa da kunnuwansa don hana ruwa shiga cikinsu. Jaws din na iya budewa har zuwa digiri 150, yana fallasar manyan manya manyan fanfunan. Fangs suna girma har zuwa 50 cm, kuma incisors suna girma zuwa 40 cm, an fiɗa jita-jitar akan juna, yayin cin ciyawa.

Yawan jima'i a cikin hips yana nan. Yawan nauyin maza, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya wuce nauyin mace (kimanin kilo 200), amma zai iya girma tare da nauyin kilogram dubu da yawa. Maza suna girma cikin rayuwa duka, yayin da mace ta gushe ci gabanta tun yana ɗan shekara 25. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin maza kusan 505 cm ne, kuma na mace kusan 345 cm ne.Koko da ya fi girma a cikin tarihin duka ya kai kilogiram 4,500 (Munich, Jamus). Baya ga girman jikin mutum, maza suna da manyan muzzles tare da muƙamula mai haɓaka fiye da mace. Fanaunar maciji sau biyu ne kamar tsayin ɗansu.

Habitat

Hippos galibi suna zaune ne da tabkuna, koguna da fadamammu. Zurfin su ya zama yakai mita 2, saboda saƙar ke nutsar da jikin ta gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa. Da rana, garken hips sun gwammace suyi barci cikin ruwa mara nauyi, wani lokacin kuma a rikice (cikin laka), yayin da suke hada kai da kansu sosai. A cikin irin waɗannan ruwayen ke haifar macewa da haihuwa. Lokacin da bazai yuwu ka kasance cikin ruwa mai zurfi ba, sai hibis ɗin ya motsa cikin zurfi ya bar hanci kawai a saman ruwan don ba su damar numfasawa. Bayan faɗuwar rana, hippos yakan fito daga bakin ruwa don ciyar da kansu da ɗan tafiya kaɗan. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ba su wuce kilomita 1.6 ba, tare da hanyar da ta saba da wadataccen ciyayi na wuraren kiwo don bankunan bankunan.

Rashin mazaunin mazauni

Babu bayanan da aka wallafa kan takamaiman girman yankin da hippos ke zaune. Ya dogara ne da yawan mutane a cikin garken, kusancin ruwa da wuraren kiwo. Yawancin lokaci suna hutawa a cikin wuraren kwance, suna kan kawunansu a bayan maƙwabta.

Za'a iya ganin tarihin tarihi da na yanzu na hippos kuma a kwatanta shi a wannan hoton da ke sama.

Kiwo

Hippos dabbobi ne masu tarin yawa, wanda ke nufin cewa namiji ɗaya zai iya aure tare da mata da yawa a cikin gungun jama'a guda ɗaya. Duk da cewa kiwo wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba tsayayyun yanayi bane, yakanyi faruwa ne a lokacin rani, daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Agusta, kuma haihuwar kodan ta fadi ne a lokacin damina, daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu.

Lokacin neman abokin tarayya, mazan mafi rinjaye suna yawo ko'ina cikin hutu ko wuraren kiwo kuma suna shafar wutsiyar kowace mace. Namiji yakan bijire wa mace ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba don kauce wa harin garken. Dalilin namiji mai girmamawa shine neman mace a shirye don dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Bayan namiji ya samu mace ta gari, faratis ya fara. Ya na so wanda ya zaɓa, ta haka ya kuɓutar da ita daga garke. Sannan ya bi ta cikin ruwa mai zurfi har sai da ta fusata ta yi karo da cinyoyinta. Namiji yana shayar da mace kuma tsari na yaduwa yana faruwa, yayin da kai take karkashin ruwa. Ba a bayyane dalilin da ya sa ba, amma kan ta dole ne ya kasance karkashin ruwa. Idan mace tayi ƙoƙari ta ɗaga kai don numfashi sama, namiji, a matsayin mai mulkin, zai tilasta ta ta sauke kanta ƙasa da ƙarfi. Yayin balaga, mazan suna yin sautin da yake nuna ƙarfi, wanda ke nuna nasara. Kodayake suna iya daidaitawa a duk shekara, yawancin lokacin shine daga Fabrairu zuwa Agusta. Cutar ciki tana kusan shekara guda, kwana 324, kuma haihuwar guda ɗaya. Ba a kwashe shi daga madarar uwa kusan shekara guda, kuma balaga na faruwa a shekaru 3.5.

Kafin haihuwar, mata masu juna biyu sun zama masu matukar zafin rai kuma suna kare kansu daga duk wanda ya same ta. An ware su a cikin ƙasa ko cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma sun koma garken makonni 2 bayan haihuwa. Lokacin haihuwa, 'yan maruƙa suna nauyin kilo 22 zuwa 55. Uwa da maraƙi suna da kusanci. Suna wanka suna rungume da juna, wanda da alama suna ƙaunar juna. An daidaita da matasa don ciyar da madara nono a karkashin ruwa: kunnuwa da hanci sun rufe a lokacin tsotse, lokacin da nono mahaifar ya kasance tsakanin harshe da sama. Tunda yan hips suna zaune cikin yanayin zamantakewar iyali, maza suna kiyaye mace da andan mata a hankali, kuma galibi suna kai farmaki akan duk wani abin da zai kawo musu barazana.

Halayyar

Hippos sune dabbobi na zamantakewa, suna zaune cikin gungun mutane 20-100. Suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau, suna hutawa mafi yawan rana, kuma a yamma su bar wuraren wahalolinsu don zuwa makiyaya. Babban aiki yana faɗuwa da dare. Matan sune shugabannin garken kuma suna sarrafa kwantar da hankula a cikin wuraren waha yayin da suke hutawa. Maza suna hutawa a gefen bakin ruwa, ta haka suke kiyaye mace da marayu. Tun yana dan shekara 7, maza suka fara gasa don neman rinjaye. An bayyana wannan cikin ciyawa, ruri, yayyafa shi da taki da kuma cikowa da jaws.

Manyan maza suna da haƙuri da yara maza waɗanda suka kalubalance su. Maza da yawa sun yi rauni sosai kuma har ma suna kashe yara maza yayin wannan gwagwarmaya. Halin ƙasa yana halin sanyin huci, sigina da ruwan shawa. Lokacin da suke kusanci da sabon yanki, sai su juyo da jikinsu zuwa wannan wurin kuma suyi alama a yankin. Suna jujjuya wutsiyarsu daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan kuma suna watsa warwatsewar yanayin da ba a sani ba. Maza yawanci sukan fito daga ruwa su yiwa alama gabar teku da wuraren kiwo inda suke ciyar da su.

Kariya a yankunansu ya fadi a kan wani lokacin bushewa, lokacin da yanayin rayuwa ya zama cikakke, kuma albarkatu ke iyakantuwa. Alamun kariya kamar karewa, share tsintsiya da toshiyar baki an tsara su ne domin kare garken daga maharran da kuma yin barazana ga wasu maza.

Sadarwa

Kamar yadda muka riga aka ambata a sama, hippos dabbobi ne na zamantakewa kuma saboda haka suna da babban saiti na sararin samaniya da kuma sauti na cikin ruwa. Kiran siginar da ɗan hijirar ruwa ke yi a ƙarƙashin ruwa ita ce mafi yawan nau'ikan sadarwa a cikin garken da ke ba da rahoton barazana. Wannan kukan zai iya kaiwa decibels 115, wanda yayi daidai da sautin tsawa mai ƙarfi. Murmushe na iya faruwa a kan ƙasa da ruwa, bi da bi, da kuma duba mai kyau a duka wurare. Wannan shine kawai batun sadarwa a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Hamora zai iya yin sauti yayin da hancinsa ya tsaya a saman ruwa. Wannan saboda hippo yana da kauri mai kauri a kusa da maƙogwaron, saboda haka a lokacin ƙoshin sauti, ana rarraba sauti ko'ina cikin ruwa.

Siffofin Hippopotamus da mazauninsu

Hippopotamus, ko hipo, kamar yadda ake kira shi, halittar suna da girma. Girmansa na iya wuce tan 4, don haka bayan an yi la’akari da giwayen giwaye sune manyan dabbobi a duniya. Gaskiya ne, dodo suna sanya su gasa mai nauyi.

Labarin mai ban sha'awa da masana kimiyya suka ba da labarin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa. An dauki lokaci mai tsawo ana cewa alade dangi ne da asalin dako. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, suna da ɗan kama. Amma ya juya (sabon binciken masana kimiyya) cewa ya kamata a yi la'akari da kusancin dangi ... kifi whales!

Gabaɗaya, hippos na iya zama mai kitse daban-daban. Wasu mutane sunyi nauyi kilogram 1300 kawai, amma wannan nauyin yafi girma. Tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kaiwa mita 4, 5, kuma tsayinsa ya kan mutu a zuciyar wani saurayi ya kai cm 165. Girman yana da ban sha'awa.

Duk da kwatankwacin rashin kwanciyar hankali, hippos na iya bunkasa babban hanzari a cikin ruwa da kan tudu. Launin fata na wannan dabba yana da launin toka tare da tabarau na shuɗi ko kore.

Idan dimbin dumbin ruwa zai iya "fizima a cikin bel" kowane dabba ban da giwa, to ba su da wadataccen furfura kwata-kwata. Ba a daɗe ba gashin gashi ko'ina cikin jiki, kuma kai gaba ɗaya bashi da gashi. Kuma fatar kanta kanta na bakin ciki ne, saboda haka yana da rauni sosai yayin maƙarƙashiyar maza.

Amma hips din bai taba yin gumi ba, suna kawai basa da glandon gland, kuma glandon sebaceous shima basu dashi. Amma glandon mucous na iya ruɗar da irin wannan ruwan mai wanda ke kare fata daga zafin rana da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.

Hippos yanzu an samo su a Afirka, kodayake a baya sun fi yawaita. Amma ana kashe su sau da yawa saboda nama, saboda haka a wurare da yawa dabba da aka rutsa da warwatse.

Hippo hali da salon

Hippos ba za su iya zama shi kaɗai ba, ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 20-100. A tsawon yini ɗaya, irin wannan garken na iya guga a cikin kandami, kuma kawai tare da yamma suna zuwa neman abinci.

Af, mata ne ke da alhakin kwantar da hankalin dukkan dabbobin yayin ragowar. Amma maza sun tabbatar da amincin mace da cuban mata a kusa da bakin tekun. Maza amintattun dabbobi - dabbobi sosai m.

Da zaran namiji ya cika shekaru 7, ya fara samun babban matsayi a cikin al'umma. Yana yin ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban - ana iya fesawa wasu maza da fitsari da dungumi, ruri, tsagewa a bakinsa.

Don haka suna kokarin yin sarauta. Koyaya, abu ne mai saukin gaske ga matasan hippo su hau karagar mulki - maza manya basa iya juriya da juna a yanayin fuskantar kalubale kuma suna da sha'awar gurgunta ko ma kashe ɗan kishiya.

Maza masu himma sosai suna kiyaye yankinsu. Ko da, masu hips ba su ga masu yiwuwar mamayewa ba, suna lura da abin da suka mallaka a hankali.

Af, suna nuna alamun yankunan da suke ci, kazalika da inda suke hutawa. Don yin wannan, ba su da laushi har su fita daga cikin ruwa, don sake tunatar da wasu mazan waɗanda ke mallakar nan, ko kuma ƙwace sabon yankuna.

Don sadarwa tare da 'yan'uwanmu kabilun, hippos suna amfani da wasu sautuka. Misali, dabbar da ke karkashin ruwa koyaushe zata yi gargadi game da hatsarin dangin sa. Sautin da suke yi yana kama da tsawa. Hippopotamus shine kawai dabba wanda zai iya sadarwa tare da dangi a cikin ruwa ta amfani da sautuka.

Ana rarraba saƙo daidai cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Af, tabbataccen abu mai ban sha'awa shine cewa hippo na iya sadarwa tare da sautuna koda yana da ƙoshin hanci a saman ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, gashin kai a saman ruwa yana da kyau ga tsuntsaye. Yana faruwa cewa tsuntsayen suna amfani da kan dabbar Hula, kamar tsibiri don kamun kifi.

Amma giant din baya cikin saurin fushi da tsuntsaye, akwai kwari da yawa akan fatar sa wadanda suke fusata shi sosai. Ko da kusa da idanu akwai tsutsotsi da yawa waɗanda suke ratsa har ma a ƙarƙashin ƙurar dabbar. Tsuntsayen suna yin ɗan gwaiwa da babbar sabis, suna ɗaukar kwari.

Koyaya, bai kamata mutum ya kammala daga irin wannan hali ga tsuntsayen cewa waɗannan mata masu kyanwa ba kyawawan dabiu ne. Hippopotamus na ɗaya daga cikin haɗari dabbobi a duniya. Fuka-fukansa sun kai girman na rabin mitir, kuma da waɗannan kyankyafan ya ciji babbar maciji a cikin kwayar idanun.

Amma dabba mai fushi tana iya kashe wanda aka zalunta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Duk wanda ya sa haushi ga wannan dabba, dako zai iya cin abinci, ya tattake shi, ya tsage shi tare da toka ko ya tura shi cikin zurfin ruwa.

Kuma tuni, lokacin da zaku iya haifar da wannan haushi, ba wanda ya sani. Akwai wata sanarwa cewa 'yan hips din sune mayanyan da ba'a tantance ba. Maza manya da mata suna da haɗari musamman lokacin da sansu na kusa da su.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Duk da karfin ta, bayyanar sa mai ban tsoro da tashin hankali, naman alade - herbivore. A yamma, dabbobin suna zuwa makiyaya, inda isasshen ciyawa suke rufe duk garke.

Hippos basu da makiya a cikin daji, kodayake, sun gwammace su je kuje kusa da wurin tafki, suna da nutsuwa. Kuma duk da haka, idan ciyawar ba ta isa ba, za su iya barin wurin zama mai daɗi tsawon mil da yawa.

Don ciyar da kansu, hippos dole ne su ci gaba da cin naman har tsawon awanni 4-5 a kullun, ko kuma, a cikin dare. Suna buƙatar ciyawa mai yawa, kimanin kilo 40 a kowace abinci.

Duk ganye ana cinye shi, reeds da ƙananan harbe na bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi sun dace. Yana faruwa, amma, da hular ke cin abinci a kusa da tafki. Amma wannan sabon abu yana da wuya kuma ba al'ada bane.

Wataƙila, cin haramun shine sakamakon wani nau'in cuta ko rashin abinci mai mahimmanci, saboda tsarin narkewa a cikin waɗannan dabbobin basu dace da sarrafa nama ba.

Abin sha'awa, hippos ba sa cin ciyawa, kamar, shanu, ko wasu dabbobi, suna tsinkayen kore da hakora, ko kuma cire shi da lebe. Fleshy, lebe mai taushi, girman wanda ya kai rabin mitsi, yana da girma don wannan. Zai yi wuya mutum yayi tunanin wane irin ciyawa ne ya kamata ya cutar da irin lebe.

Hippos koyaushe suna zuwa makiyaya a wuri guda kuma suna dawowa kafin wayewar gari. Yana faruwa da dabba tayi yawo mai nisa zuwa neman abinci. Bayan haka, da dawowar, danshi zai iya yawo zuwa wani sabon ruwa na ruwa don samun karfi, sannan yaci gaba da tafiya zuwa tafkin nasa.

Matsayi a cikin yanayin kasa

Sakamakon girman jiki, hippos sun mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a cikin yanayin kasa. Rayuwar yau da kullun cikin ruwa da kan ƙasa yana haifar da kyakkyawan mazaunin ga ƙananan kwayoyin. Lokacin da dako ke zuwa makiyaya, sai ya tarar da wata hanya wacce a lokacin damina zata yi zaman lago ko rafin gefen gado da ba da damar ƙananan kifaye su tsare kansu yayin fari.

Kamar kowane dabbobi masu shayarwa, nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan dabbobi suna rayuwa ne da wasu sassan jikin mutum na waje. Tsutsotsin Monogenic suna zaune akan daskararrar ido. An haɗa su a gefen ciki na membrane kuma a ƙarƙashin fatar ido. Kodayake ba sa haifar da lahani ga idanu, wannan haushi ne ga dabbobi. Za'a iya samun ganyen boko da fizge-fike a kewayen farfajiyar hamada. Banda zubar jini da haushi a shafukan yanar gizo na abin da aka makala, babu mummunan rauni daga wadannan cututtukan. Ana samun Flatworms a ciki kuma a farkon mita 1.5 na karamin hanji. Tef din din din din yana haifar da cysts a cikin tsokoki yayin lokacin aiki. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samun sauƙin ƙwayar cuta a cikin hanta na matasa hippos, ana tsammanin cewa tare da shekarun tsufa suna samun rigakafi ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Matsayin tsaro

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, yawan jama'ar hips ya ragu da kashi 7-20%.An yi rikodin cewa a cikin ƙasashe 29 a cikin yankin da ake keɓaɓɓen yanki, daga mutane 125,000 zuwa 148,000 suka rage. Dukda cewa dokar hana farautar haramtacciya ce, amma ya kasance babban dalilin mutuwa na wadannan dabbobi. Hippos da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa ba ta da kariya suna fuskantar mafi yawan wahala daga farauta. Ssarancin mazaunin ƙasa shine wani mawuyacin hali na raguwar alƙaluman mutane. Hippos sun dogara ne da jikkunan ruwa, wanda ke sa su iya zama fari ga fari, noma da masana'antu, da kuma canjin hanya mai gudana na ruwa. Akwai matakan kiyaye alfarma na Hippo, da nufin kare wuraren rayuwa. A cikin kasashen da suke da yawan hips, akwai tsauraran dokoki da ke hana farauta. Gidajen Hippopotamus, sune wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, keɓaɓɓu, keɓaɓɓun wuraren adana kayan tarihi.

Biyan kuɗi

Hanyoyin hipopotamus na kowa wakili ne game da asalin halittar Homo. Dwarf hipo, ko dwarf dans daga Liberiya, ko dwarf dako, mallakar wani jinsin ne - dwarf hippos.

Dangane da bambance banbancen halittar mutum tsakanin kwanyar da bambancin mazauna, an bambanta rabe-raben kafa uku:

• a. Amphibius - shimfida daga Misira, inda yanzu ake ɗaukarta ƙarewa, kudu zuwa Kogin Nilu a Tanzania da Mozambique,
• a. Kiboko - Ana samun kudaden shiga a Kenya, a yankin Manyan Tabkuna da kuma Somaliya a yankin Afirka. Wakilan wannan reshe suna da kashi kasusuwa da hanci da kuma yankuna masu cudanya da juna.
• a. Kawancen - aka rarrabawa daga Zambia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Suna da mafi yawan madawwaman kwanyar kwancen kafa.
• a. Tschadensis - yana zaune a duk Yammacin Afirka. Jikin yayi gajere kuma yana da wulakanci mai nauyi.
• a. Constrainus - ana iya samunsa a Angola, a kudanci Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Namibia. Yana da maƙarƙashiyar yanayin haila.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Muhimmin fasalin da ya haɗu tare da kifaye biyu da kwatangwalo shine yanayin rayuwar ƙarshe. Da gaske suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin ruwa mai kyau, kuma in ba tare da wannan mahallin ba basu da ikon rayuwa. Irin wadannan halittun basu da tushe a cikin ruwan gishiri. Koyaya, a wuraren da koguna suka gudana cikin tekuna, ko da yake ba sau da yawa, har yanzu suna faruwa.

Kuma suna da ikon yin iyo don shawo kan matsalolin tekun don bincika sabbin wuraren da suka dace da zama. Matsayi na musamman, watau, babba da kuma daidai matakin, idanunsu a karkata zuwa sama da manyan hanci, da kuma kunnuwansu suna basu damar yin iyo ba tare da cutar da numfashinsu da tsinkayen duniyar waje ba, tunda yanayin yanayi mai laushi koyaushe yana ƙasa da wani layin.

Hippo a cikin ruwa a zahiri ya san yadda ake ji ba kawai ba, har ma da musayar sigina na musamman, watsa bayanai ga dangi, wanda kuma ya yi kama da dabbobin ruwa, duk da haka, kamar duk cetaceans. Hippos suna da kyau matuƙa masu iyo, kuma mai yawa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana taimaka musu su zauna akan ruwa, kuma membranes a ƙafafunsu suna taimakawa don motsawa cikin wannan yanayin.

Wadannan barayin ma suna narkar da lafiya. Bayan sun cika huhu da iska, sai su shiga zurfafan ruwa, yayin da suke rufe hancinsu da manyan hakoransu, kuma akwai wasu mintuna biyar ko fiye. Hippos a ƙasa a cikin duhu, suna cin abincin nasu, yayin hutunsu na rana yana gudana ne kawai a cikin ruwa.

Saboda haka, su ma suna da sha'awar motsawar ƙasa, kodayake sun fi son tafiya dare. Lallai, a cikin hasken rana a duniya sun rasa dima mai yawa, wacce take ficewa daga fata mai laushi, wacce take matukar illarta gareta, kuma zata fara faduwa karkashin hasken rana.

A irin wannan lokacin, fuskokin ungulu na Afirka da ke kusa da waɗannan manyan halittu, har da ƙananan tsuntsayen da ke ciyar da ita, ba wai kawai suna yin tsoma baki tare da kasancewar ba su da ma'amala ba, har ma suna taimaka wa barayin da ba su da gashi su kawar da torsos na tsiraicinsu daga cizon kwari, waɗanda zasu iya zama mai raɗaɗi sosai. .

Tsarin musamman na ƙafafunsu, sanye take da yatsunsu huɗu, yana taimaka wa waɗannan halittu na musamman suyi tafiya akan ƙasa mai laka kusa da jikin ruwa. Dabbobin suna shimfida su gwargwadon iko, membranes a tsakanin su ya shimfida, kuma don haka saman yankin na tallafin iyakar ya karu. Kuma wannan yana taimaka wa hipo kada ya fada cikin datti.

Hippo – dabba mai haɗari, kuma akan filaye musamman. Bai kamata a yi tunanin cewa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan duniya yana da kuzari kuma mai taimako tare da yanayinsa ba. Saurin motsin sa akan ƙasa wani lokaci yakan kai kilomita 50 / h. Haka kuma, yana iya ɗaukar nauyin jikinsa mai sauƙi kuma yana da kyakkyawan sakamako.

Sabili da haka, an ba da matsanancin zafin dabbar, mutum ya fi dacewa ba haɗuwa da shi. Irin wannan dabbar da ke cikin daji ya iya ba kawai ya murƙushe ganima mai kafa biyu ba, har ma a ci a kansa. Tsakanin kansu, waɗannan manyan nauyin suna yin gwagwarmaya koyaushe.

Haka kuma, suna da ikon yanka kifin hular, idan ba nasa bane, amma baƙon ne. Na wakilan duniyar dabbobin, masu fata-fata masu kauri suna yanke shawara su hadu da karnukan zaki, zaki, gishiyoyi da giwaye.

Hippopotamus na iya kaiwa zuwa saurin kilomita 48 / h

A cikin garken hippos, wanda zai iya kirgawa daga dubun-dubun zuwa dubun-dubana a raga, akwai kuma yin gwagwarmaya akai-akai don gano matsayin su a matakin rukuni. Sau da yawa ana kiyaye maza da mata dabam. Akwai maza guda ɗaya maza suna yawo duk su kaɗai.

A cikin garken da aka cakuda, maza sun fi maida hankali ne a gefuna, suna kare budurcin budurwarsu da kuma kananan dabbobin, waɗanda ke tsakiyar wannan gungu. Wadannan halittun suna sadarwa a tsakanin su da siginar murya wanda ke fitarwa a sararin sama da kuma zurfin ruwa.

Wani lokacin shi mai kara, ihu, hawan doki (wataƙila hakan yasa ake kiran dawakai dawakai kogin ruwa), a wasu halaye kuma, hargitsin gaske, wanda yayi matukar muni a tsakanin posan uwan ​​dabba da yaɗuwa kusan kilomita ɗaya.

Asalin hijirar

Har zuwa 1997, masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa dorinar dorin yana ɗaya daga cikin dangin ɗan alade na yau da kullun, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin yanki. Wannan zato ya samo asali ne daga bayyanar dabba ta waje, fasalin kayan jikin mutum da tsarin kasusuwa da gabobin ciki. Wani zurfin binciken da aka yarda ya musanta wannan maganar. Nazarin shekaru 10 da suka gabata sun nuna cewa hippos suna da alaƙar alaƙar whales. A matsayin shaida, masana kimiyya suna amfani da wadannan bayanan:

Hippos mazaunan ruwa ne na ruwa, wasu nau'in tsoffin kifayen Whales suma sun rayu na musamman a jikkunan ruwa, kifi Whales suna haihuwa kuma suna ciyar da cuba cuban cikin ruwa, hippos suna yin daidai, kifi wutsiya da dusar kankara basu da asarar gashi, ban da mawuyacin hali na setae a kai da wutsiya, kifi whales sadarwa a cikin ruwa tare da taimakon sautina na musamman, hips na girma da tashi kuma haka zance tare da juna, gwajin whale da dorin da namiji ke zaune a cikin jikin mutum.

Kakan asalin dabbar mini dako ya bayyana ne shekaru miliyan 54 da suka gabata. Dabba ta zauna a cikin kurmin kifin kurmi, ya gwammace ya zauna shi kaɗai. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka shude, dayan hips din talakawa suka bayyana - manya-manyan halittu masu rikitarwa wadanda suke yaduwa da sauri a duk duniya. A zamanin da, akalla nau'ikan wakilai 4 na wakilan halittar Hippopotamus sun rayu a Nahiyar Afirka, amma sannu a hankali duk sun mutu. Sakamakon binciken dabbobi, kwararru suna da wasu tambayoyi, kamar: artiodactyl hippopotamus ko a'a, menene tsohuwar hibus din ta ci a cikin yanayi, hips ɗin da yawa sun rayu?

Hippopotamus ko hipo?

Hippopotamus da dorinar dabbar - dabba ɗaya ce, shin har yanzu abu biyu ne daban? Tambayar yadda hippos da hippos suka bambanta damuwa ce ta al'ummomin mutane da yawa, kuma ya kamata a nemi amsar sa, da farko, a cikin yanki da rarrabuwa siyasa.

Don haka, daga harshen Hellenanci kalmar "hippo" an fassara shi da "dokin kogi". Girkawa ne suka fara amfani da wannan kalma dangane da mazaunan Afirka.

A lokaci guda a cikin yaren Ibrananci akwai kalmar "hipopotamus", wanda aka yi amfani da shi cikin jam'i kuma a fassara shi a matsayin "dabba". Wannan kalma ta fara bayyana a cikin harshen Rashanci a kusan rabin karni na 18 na karni na 18.

Turawa sun gano ƙarancin Afirka a ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma suna kiran dabbar da suka gani - ɗan hular, wakilan Slavic duniya waɗanda suka isa Afirka ba su san cewa halittar da suka gani tana da suna ba. Rashin ingantaccen bayanin ya haifar da bayyanar sunaye biyu don dabba ɗaya. Haka kuma, kalmar "hipo" ana amfani da ita galibin mazauna karkarar kasashen CIS ne, yayin da ake amfani da kalmar "hipo" a duk sauran sassan duniya. Don haka, babban abinda ke banbantawa da dorinzo shi ne fassarar kalma kanta, babu wani bambanci tsakanin gulma da dorin.

Hippopotamus ko Hippo vulgaris

Hippopotamus ko hipo na kowa (Hippopotamus amphibius). Dabbar dabba, ta kai mita 5.5 a tsayi kuma tsayin mita 1.7. Babban ciki na hular ciki ya hau kan gajerun kafafu, tsawon su kadan ne wanda idan tafiya dabba ya shafi kasa. Kowane kafa yana ƙare da yatsun kafa 4 waɗanda ke da kafaɗun kafaɗɗun kafaɗa, wanda a cikinsu akwai membranes wanda zai ba ku damar yin iyo sosai kuma yana hana ku nutsuwa lokacin tafiya kan ƙasa mai narkewa (tsarin ƙafafun dabbar dabbar hwa yana kama).

Kwanyar kan yi girma, kunnuwa suna kanana, wayoyin hannu, hancin yatsa suna da fadi, suka makale, idanun su kanana ne, a ɓoye suke a ƙarƙashin ƙyalli, A kowane gefen hancin hancin akwai hanjin kumburin ciki, yanayin halayya ne ga maza. Opensun yana buɗewa a digiri 150, yayin da nisa na jaws aƙalla mita 0.7.

Dodan yana da hakora 36 - 6 kafa, 6 molars, 2 canines da incisors 4. Hakora an rufe shi da enamel rawaya.

Thearfin maza suna da sikila mai ratsa jiki tare da madaurin kai mai tsawo, wanda yake a saman muƙamuƙi, na iya kaiwa tsawan nisan mita 0.6 kuma yayi nauyi zuwa kilo 3. Idan dabbar ta rasa biyu daga canines na can da ke cikin babban muƙamuƙin, to loweraramin zai iya kaiwa mita 1 a tsayinsa, dame lebe kuma ya hana cin abincin al'ada ba zai yiwu ba.

Hippo ko pygmy

Hippopotamus ko pygmy hippo (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), wanda kuma aka sani da "mwe-mwe" da "nigwe". Yana da kamanni na waje zuwa ga mafi girman wakilan kwayar halittar, amma kaɗan girma kaɗan. Dangane da yadda kwatancen hauhawar ruwa yake, malamai masu wayar da kan jama'a suna sane da kyau, godiya ga ayyukan da dabbar ke shirin yankewa.

Kafafu na karamin hular, sun fi tsayi, wuyansa a bayyane yake, a cikin bakin akwai guda biyu guda biyu na incisors (a cikin na kowa akwai guda biyu). A baya na dabba ne dan kadan karkata gaba, hanci da hankula da idanu ba su fice daga. Tsawon jiki - mita 1.5-1.7, tsayi - mita 0.8. Ruwan kariya a jikin mutum ya sami launin ruwan hoda, a akasarin akasarin hips din yana da ja.

A zamanin da, wasu nau'ikan wadannan dabbobi biyu sun rayu ne a duniya:

Maganin Hippopotamus. Ya rayu a Turai sama da miliyan 1 da suka gabata. An gano burbushinta a ƙasa irin ƙasar ta Jamus. Hexaprotodon harvardi. Ragowar wannan nau'in naman gwari tun daga shekaru miliyan 7.5-5.6 da suka gabata. Wannan dabba tana kama da zuriyarta ta zamani.

Lokacin da ake nazarin nau'ikan hippos na zamani, aƙalla ƙasashe 5 an rarrabe, kowannensu yana da mazauninsa, amma tare da irin bayanan waje:

Hippopotamus amphibius mai kare Linnaeus, Hippopotamus kiboko Heller, Hippopotamus capensis Desmoulins, Hippopotamus tchadensis Schwarz, Hippopotamus constensiveus Miller.

Bambance-bambancen tsaransu tsakanin abubuwan uku na farko da aka ambata an bayyana su ne kawai a cikin 2005, ana kiran wanzuwar ikon biyu.

Ko da kuwa irin nau'in kwalliyar, dukkan mutane suna da ƙaramin wutsiya, har zuwa tsawon mita 0.54. A gindi, yana da dauri kuma kauri, amma kusan karshen shi ya zama lebur. Ban ƙaramar hannu a ƙarshen wutsiya. Murfin "Vibrissa" mai ɗaukar nauyi na dabba da kunnuwa, suna nan cikin ƙananan adadi a bangarorin da ciki.

Launi na baya launin toka ne, launin ruwan kasa mai haske, ciki, kai da kunnuwa masu ruwan hoda.

Wani sabon shiga game da ilimin duniyar dabbobi duniyar zai zama da wahala a sami bambance-bambance tsakanin dwarf da kuma dabbar hijabi, amma wani masani mai ƙwarewa zai faɗi cewa waɗannan dabbobin basu da bambanci. An bayyana bambance-bambancen, farawa daga mazaunin kuma ya ƙare tare da hanyar da aka haifi ɗan maraƙin.

Ina masu hippos suke zama? Habitat

Gasar mazaunin hippo ta zamani tana da iyaka, amma shekaru miliyan 1 kawai da suka gabata an samo wannan dabba a yankin Turai na Eurasia, Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsibiran Cyprus da Crete, da kuma a Madagascar (nau'in dwarf) da kuma a Ingila. Rashin isowar gumi daga ɓangaren Turai na tsibirin da tsibiran yana da alaƙa da farkon shekarun kankara na ƙarshe a cikin zamanin Pleistocene. Haka kuma, dabbar ta rayu a Falasdinu har zuwa farkon shekarun Iron, kuma ya bace daga arewa maso yammacin Afirka kawai a zamanin da. An samo garkunan hips masu yawa a cikin Nile Delta da Upper Egypt, a ƙarshe sun ɓace kawai a farkon karni na XIX.

Hanya ce da ke zaune a Afirka ta kudu da hamada Sahara. Kuna iya saduwa da shi a Kenya da Tanzania, a Uganda, Zambia, Malawi da Mozambique. Yawan hippos a wadannan yankuna ya kai dubu 80. Har ila yau, dabbobin suna zaune a Yammacin Afirka, 'yan dabbobinsu suna ci gaba da zama a Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Rwanda, Burundi, Kongo. A lokaci guda, ba wai dabbobi kadai da kansu ke fuskantar barazanar lalata ba, har ma wuraren da amurka ke zaune.

Dwarf hips suma suna zaune a Nahiyar Afirka, ana samunsu a Laberiya, Jamhuriyar Guinea, Saliyo da Cote D'Ivoire.

Girman tafki da tsarkakken ruwa na wannan dabba bashi da wata ma'ana ga jin daɗi, ƙaramin tafkin laka ya isa, bankunan da ke rufe da ciyawa mai kauri. Idan tafkin ya bushe, dorin dako yayi ƙaura zuwa neman sabon wurin zama. Yana yin haka da wuya, amma akwai abubuwan da suka gabata. Canjin can yana cutarwa ga dabba; lokacin farin ciki fata yana buƙatar rigar ruwa tare da ruwa koda yaushe, wanda tsawonsa hakan na iya haifar da mutuwar mutum.

Siffofin Halayen Hali

Yanayin dabba ya dogara da nau'ikansa. Don haka, asamu turke daya ne daga cikin mafiya hatsarin mazaunan Afirka. Yana da zafin rai, da sauri ya fusata, baya buƙatar dalili don shiga fray. Juyayin yana nuna ta ga maza da mata. Haka kuma, ana iya gargadin duka dabbobi da mutane.

Kwakwalwar hippo tana da asali ta yadda kusan ba za ta iya bambance abokai da abokan a mahallinta ba, saboda abin da dabbobi galibi sukan shiga yaƙi tare da abokin hamayyarsu da ƙarfi da ƙarfi - rhinoceros har ma da giwa. Territoryasar da yake mallakarsa shine ƙimar kaɗai kaɗai yake da ita ga ,ya, kuma offspringa youngan zuriya ga mata. Don kare su, dabbobi suna rusa komai a hanyar su. Dabba mai fushi ko firgita yana guduwa da saurin kilomita 30-40 a sa'a guda, saboda haka ya fi kyau kar kuyi haushi.

Menene abin da hipo ke ci?

Hippopotamus babban dabba ne, saboda tambayar menene irin abincin da dorinar dame, abin da dabbar hips ke ci a cikin yanayin halitta, ta fi dacewa. Abincin ya hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire akalla 27, yawancinsu suna girma tare da bankunan tafki. Dabba ta ki cinye namangare da sauran tsirrai masu ruwa. Godiya ga jaws mai ƙarfi, dabbar tana sarrafa kama ciyawa mai tushe kamar kusa da gindinsu. Adultaya daga cikin tsofaffin mutane da ke ɗauke da Hippo da Hanya suna cinyewa kilo 70 na kore kore kowace rana. Ciki, muddin zai yiwu ga waɗannan manyan mutane, yana ba ku damar ɗaukar abinci sau 2 cikin sauri fiye da giwa ko rhino. A wannan batun, hippo yayi sa'a, saboda yana buƙatar sau 2-3 sau abinci don daidaitawa.

Hippo salon rayuwa

Talakawa da tsintsiya da dorinar-dabbar dabbar. Yawan mutane a cikin ɗayan garken guda yawanci ya tashi daga raga 30 zuwa 200. Kowane garken ya ƙunshi mata da maza, waɗanda ke da ƙarfi a cikinsu.

Jagoran ya kare 'yancin yin gasa a fada tare da dangin sa, harma da zuriya. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin maza musamman zalunci ne, mai nasara zai iya bin abokin gaba da aka ci nasara tsawon mil da yawa. Yawancin fadace-fadace suna faruwa a cikin ruwa, saboda haka namiji mai rauni yana da damar da zai ɓoye, ya nitse cikin zurfin. Dangane da rauni ko ƙarfin abokin adawar, amma har yanzu yana da haɗari ga rayuwar hipo. Maza da suka ci nasara a yaƙin sukan mutu mutuwa saboda raunin su. Babu wanda zai iya yin hasashen abin da zai kasance ƙarshen yaƙin.

Dwarf hips a cikin yanayi ana keɓance shi da dangi. Ya gwammace ya zauna dabam, ko a cikin wata biyu, illolin garken ba su nan, dabbar ba ta kiyaye kayansa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, hippos sun kwashe kusan dukkan lokacinsu a ruwa. Suna iya nutsuwa gaba ɗaya tafkin tafki kuma su kasance can ba tare da iska na minti 10 ba. Hippos galibi sune herbivores, amma salon rayuwar su yai daidai da yadda karnukan ke rayuwa. An bayyana wannan da farko a cikin zaɓin lokacin rana don abinci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dabbobi kan je neman sabon makiyayi da daddare. Irin wannan halayyar da ba a saba ba tana da alaƙa da zafin rana, saboda abin da yakamata a yi amfani da hippo cikin ruwa kowane minti 20-30.

Me ke barazanar hippos?

Babban abokin gaba da dako, shi ne mutumin da ke farautar sa don nama, ƙashi da fata. Ga kananan rawanin hular, kukan Nile da zaki suma suna da haɗari. Namiji ko namiji wanda yake ba da kariya ga ɗan rago zai jimre ko da garken zakuna, muddin yaƙin yana faruwa ba kusa da ruwa ba. Hagu ba tare da kulawa ba, kodai, karnuka ne da kutare ne ke kai hari. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kashi 12 zuwa 50% na kananan dabbobi suna mutuwa, yayin da barazanar ta same su ba kawai daga masu tsinkaya ba, har ma daga danginsu. Garke zai iya tattake jariri.

Babban mace-macen hippos an danganta shi da babban cutar sankara a tsakanin su. A sanadiyyar barkewar cutar ta gaba da ta biyo baya a 1987, sama da kashi 21% na mutane da ke zaune a gabar kogin Luangwa (Zambia) suka mutu.

Kasancewar a cikin ruwa mai datti yakan yanke hukunci kasancewar cututtuka kamar su brucellosis da salmonellosis a cikin hippos. A cikin gidan dabbobi, ana fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da tarin fuka, a cikin kananan dabbobi hanjin da kwakwalwa ke sanyawa, nau'ikan naman gwari suna shafar jikin.

Nawa ne nauyin hips?

Mata da maza yan kasa da shekara 10 suna yin daidai. Bambanci a cikin nauyin kwatangwalo ya bayyana bayan wasu shekaru 2-3, ba shi da mahimmanci, saboda haka, kusan zai yiwu a hango bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mace da namiji, dangane da bayyanar. Girman jikin hippo daga 185 zuwa kilo 230 a cikin nau'in dwarf. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar jikin kwandon kwalliya tayi sautuka 3-4. A wannan yanayin, shugaban dabbar yana da nauyin tan 1 1 kuma shine 25% na nauyin jikin mutum. Idan tambaya ta yaya nawa hipopotamus yayi nauyi shine ya fi damuwa, to don kwatantawa yakamata kuyi tunanin motar tarago da dutse. Girman dabba shine 2 ko ma 3 na waɗannan trailers.

Dwarf hipopotamus da hipopotamus na yau da kullun suna zaune ne a cikin gaɓoɓin ruwa, ƙaurarsu zuwa gaɓar teku lamari ne da ba a taɓa samu ba, a mafi yawan lokuta hade da bushewar jikin ruwa. Babu wani yanayi na musamman da ake buƙata don ajiye dabbar a cikin ɗakin dabbobi, ya isa ya samar masa da wani kandami mai ɗorewa da isasshen abinci. Maza da Sami waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi ba sa nuna halin kishi, saboda ƙarancin buƙatar yin faɗa don ƙasa.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da hippos

Hpopo dai ya kasance dabba mai zurfin nazarin dabbobi, hujjojin da aka gabatar a kasa zasu cike matsalolin da ake dasu a fagen fahimtar salon rayuwarsa da kuma halayensa:

Hippo yana girma tsawon rayuwarsa. Hannun goge-goge ya rufe gefen wutsiyar dutsen. Kasancewarsu yana ba da damar wannan sashin na jiki don iya magance aikin sa - feshin feces. Tare da taimakonsu, dabbobi suna yiwa yankin ƙasarsu. Sun buge a wuri guda. A bakin gabar kogunan ruwa da tabkuna, mutum kan iya ganin tsaunuka masu yawa. Tsayi da fadin irin wannan dutsen zai iya kaiwa mita 1.8 da mita 2, bi da bi. Da'awar cewa hippos sune asalin herbivore wata almara ce dangane da lura da rayuwar dangin mambobi ne na dangi. Talakawa yan kwastomomin makiyaya ne masu hatsari wadanda ke kai hari, gami da mutane. Peoplearin mutane suna mutuwa daga faɗan jijiyoyinsu a kowace shekara fiye da hare-hare zaki, gishiyoyi da crocodiles. Hamopopotamus bashi da glandar sebaceous, saboda haka yakamata ya ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a ruwa. A rana, jiki yakan yanke jiki da sauri, fatar jiki ta kakkarye, tsofaffin a bude kuma sabbin raunuka sun bayyana. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, magudanan ruwa na zub da jini suna bayyana a jikin fatar hipo. A zahiri, basu da abin da ya shafi jini. A cikin matsanancin zafi, jikin dabba yana samar da ruwan ruwan hoda na musamman wanda ke kare fata daga zafin rana kuma a lokaci guda yana maganin antiseptik. A karkashin tasirinsa, raunuka da yawa da fashe a cikin fatar hular da ke dauke da hanzari. Madarar ɗan hular fari ne. Bayanin da dan karamin hipo ya ci madara mai ruwan hoda sabili da haka ya kai irin wannan girman yana daya daga cikin labarin tatsuniyoyi. Haske mai ruwan hoda hakika yana nan, amma dalilinsa yana da alaƙa da ruwan ruwan hoda na musamman wanda yake rufe fatar mace. Matan sun haihu kawai 1. Ruwan kogunan da suka zama mazaunin garin hips suna buɗe zurfin rafuka waɗanda ke sakamakon wadatar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin gawawwakin gawawwaki. Hippos basu tsoron tsoron karnuka, suna raba mazauninsu tare da su har ma suna kare ƙananan karnuka. Aborigines sun ba da shaida cewa matasa crocodiles suna hawa bayan kyar don hutawa da tseratar da danginsu masu tsananin ƙarfi. Dabbare dabbare dabba ce mara tsayi; tana ciyar da hasken rana a ruwa, yana fallasa kunnuwa da idanu kawai. Fanarfan kwarin gwiwar kasusuwa da ƙasusuwa suna da dorewa, farashinsu ya wuce farashin giwayen giwa. An yi amfani da fata dabba da aka zaɓa musamman don kera duwatsu masu tamani. Hippos ba sa son tafiya, amma idan ya cancanta za su iya yin nisa mai nisa. Don haka, a tsakiyar karni na karshe, wata yarinya da aka yiwa lakabi da Hubert ta wuce a kalla kilomita 1600 ta ratsa yankin Afirka Ta Kudu. Idan dabbar ruwa ta kasance cikin sabon tafki na ruwa na dogon lokaci (shekaru 2-3), to wannan yana da tasirin gaske akan tsarin halittu. An lura da hauhawar adadin kifayen da sauran mazauna wurin. Hippos suna tattaunawa a tsakanin junansu, yayin da suke haifar da hayaniya. Idan dabba mai rauni ta sadu da mai ƙarfi akan tafarkinsa, to a yunƙurin gujewa rikici, zai rage kansa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana nuna sha'awar yin biyayya.

Hanya ce mai hatsarin gaske, da take da cikakkiyar fuska, ba ta cancanci makomar da mutum ya tanadar mata ba. A cikin shekaru 10 kawai da suka gabata, aƙalla, an ƙaddara yawan hips dubu 10 a Afirka, kuma idan aka kwatanta da 1993 yawan su ya ragu da mutane dubu 20. Dabbar dabbar hular tana gab da karewa.

Nawa ne kwarin gwiwar hijabi?

A cewar bayanai daban-daban, yawan maza sun hada da tan uku da rabi zuwa tan hudu da rabi. Ana samun maza masu nauyin tan uku, amma nauyin da yake da wuya ya wuce tan biyu.

Girman suna da ban sha'awa. A tsayi na 1.65 m, dabbar zata iya kaiwa tsawon kusan 5.5 m, wanda yasa ta zama dabba ta biyu mafi girma a duniya (tare da farin dabbar) bayan giwa.

Menene abin da hipo (hippo) ke ci?

Hippopotamus herbivore ne, amma yana iya cin nama. Babban abinci shine ƙasa da ciyawar ruwa kusa. Ciyawar ciyawar daji ba ta ci. Harkar ciyawa da lebe mai kauri. Babban ciki (tsayin mita 60) zai ba ka damar narkewa, ka rage abinci.

Haƙiƙa an kaiwa wasu dabbobi hari. Gazelles, tururuwa, shanu suna iya zama waɗanda ke fama da su, galibi sukan kwashe, dabbobi masu rauni. Hippos na iya cin danginsu da suka mutu.

Nau'in hippos, yaya suke daban?

A cikin duniyar, ban da ɗamarin hipo, wanda aka tattauna a sama, akwai wani nau'in - nau'in hipo, ko hipo. Wannan wata dabba ce da ba kasada ba, da take fuskantar hadari, wacce aka gano a cikin 1911.

Hufu dwarf yayi kama da wanda aka saba gani, yana jagorantar rayuwa iri daya, amma akwai bambance-bambance da dama:

• Mai girma dabam. Tsawon - har zuwa 83 cm, tsayi - har zuwa 177 cm.
• Weight - har zuwa 275 kg.
• Jiki ba shi da nauyi da yawa.
• Kafafu sun fi tsayi.
• Shugaban karami, ya fi guntu.
• Neckunƙari ya fi furtawa.
• Idanu da hanci ba su iya haɓaka sosai.

Wannan nau'in hippos yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Wannan kawa ce, ba dabba ba ce. Idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullun, dwarf dabbar hular ba ta daɗe da ruwa, idan akwai haɗari sai ta gudu zuwa cikin daji. Ba karkata don kare yankunansu, ƙasa da m.

Ba kamar babban dan uwanta ba, wanda baya ƙin ɗaukar dabbobi kuma wani lokacin yakan farautar wasu dabbobi, dabbar dabbar hipo tana cin ciyawa, harbe, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin hanyar rayuwarta, mazauni, yanayi, abinci mai gina jiki, wannan dabbar tana kama da ta Kudu Amurka tapir.

Hippos

Hanya ta gama gari mallakar dabbobi masu aure ne, wato ma'aurata namiji daya tare da mace da yawa a cikin kungiyar. Balaga yana faruwa ne a shekaru 7.5 (mace), shekara 9 (maza). Lokacin ma'amala yana da alaƙa da canje-canje na yanayi a yanayi, yawanci ana faruwa a watan Fabrairu da Agusta.

A cikin garken hippos, akwai babban mutum daya mai iko, wanda ke da 'yancin aure da mace. Don wannan wurin dole ne kuyi gwagwarmaya tare da wasu maza, wanda galibi ya ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta.

Mahaifiyar yarinyar na kimanin watanni takwas. Kafin haihuwar jariri, an cire mace daga garken. Mace suna haihuwar ruwa, ko da yake an san cutar da haihuwa ta ƙasa. Bayan an haifi jaririn, mahaifiyar tana tura shi zuwa sama don kada ya shayar da shi.

Har maraƙin ya yi ƙarfi har ya isa bakin teku, mahaifiyar ba ta cin komai, tana nan kusa. Daga cikin garken, mace da ƙwaya suna kasancewa tsawon kwana goma. Iya tana ciyar da madara a farkon watanni 18. Jariri ya sha madara a ƙasa da ruwa. Mata suna kula da zuriya, a cikin garken suna tsakiyar tare da sa ,an, ba su barin maza su shiga yankinsu.

A cikin yanayin halitta, hippos suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 40. Akwai zaton cewa rayuwa rayuwa tana hade da yanayin hakora. Hpoti ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan an share motsi gaba ɗaya. A cikin bauta, yawanci suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50, rikodin tsawon rai - shekaru 60.

Dwarf hippos

Yin hukunci da hali a cikin zaman talala, wannan dabbobin dabbobin ne da ke samar da ma'aurata mai natsuwa. Dabbobi sun isa ga balaga yayin da suke da shekaru 3-5, lokacin balaguro baya dogara da lokacin shekara. Cutar ciki a cikin dabbobi na tsawon kwanaki 200, suna haihuwa ne a doron ƙasa. Jariri jariri yayi nauyi daga kilogiram 4,5 zuwa 6, ya fara tafiya da wuri, ya koyi yin iyo sosai. An ciyar da madara uwa ga watanni 6 na farko.

Tsawon rayuwar dabbar dabbar hiv ya fi guntu da talakawa, shekaru 35 ne (cikin bauta).

Ba kamar giwaye ba, rhinos, hippos a cikin Turai sun makara Hanya ta farko ita ce Obaish, wacce baƙi zuwa London Zoo suka fara gani a 1850. Ko da daga baya, dwarf hippos ya bayyana, wanda aka gano kawai a farkon karni na 20. Yanzu ana samun hips na yau da kullun a wuraren shan dabbobi, ana yin su a cikin bauta, kodayake ba sau da yawa. Za'a iya ganin dwarfs a cikin gidajen dabbobi ba sau da yawa

Don kiyayewa, kuna buƙatar wadataccen aviary tare da bude kandami, inda dabbar zata iya nutsad da ita gaba ɗaya, da kuma zuriyar zuriyarta. An sa famfo don canza ruwa. Game da yanayin sanyi, ana buƙatar daki mai zafi.

A cikin zaman talala, dabbobi suna ciyar da ciyawa, hay, 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo, kayan lambu. Wannan abincin shine mafi kyawun koya daga ƙuruciya. Hippos ba sa buƙatar mai shayarwa daban, suna shan ruwa daga kandami, amma ana buƙata idan ruwan ya ƙazantu.

Babban matsala tare da tabbatarwa shine alamar yankin tare da feces. An sake gina wurin don kare baƙi.

A cikin lura da hippos, allura babbar matsala ce. Iyakar abin da sirinji ya toka fata shine yanki a ƙarƙashin wutsiya. A cikin wasu halaye, kuna buƙatar allura wanda zai iya daskarar da lokacin farin ciki.

Kammalawa

A farkon karni na karshe, 'yan hips sun rayu cikin Afirka gaba daya, yanzu ana samunsu ne kawai a tsakiya da kuma sassan kudanci na nahiyar. Lambar tana raguwa koyaushe.

Babban maqiyin hippos shine mutum. Sukan farautar dabbobi don nama mai daɗi, konkoma karãtunsa fãtun. Baƙi sukan kashe waɗannan dabbobi saboda lalata gonakin. Babban haɗari ga hippos shine masu farauta su ke farautar su hakora. Latterarshe na ƙimar sun zama na biyu kawai ga hauren giwa, suna da sauƙin kashewa don ita. Da wuya, yawan dabbobi ya shafi canje-canje a cikin yanayin mazaunin halitta: magudanar koguna, ƙirƙirar madatsun ruwa, ban ruwa.

A wasu yankuna, yawan hips na shekaru da dama ya ragu da sau 10-30. Yanzu yawansu ya kai dubu dari da arba'in. Mummunan abubuwa suna tare da dwarf hips. Idan kwanan nan adadin su bai kai dubu 3 ba, yanzu ya ragu zuwa dubu 1. Zai yiwu a nan gaba ana iya ganin waɗannan dabbobin ne a cikin gidan dabbobi. Aikin mutum shine ya ceci dabba.

Menene banbanci tsakanin dorinar dabo da dabo?

An samo sunan Latin daga cikin Hippo daga tsohuwar Hellenanci, a fassara daga wanda Hippopotamus yake nufin "dokin kogi". Hippos sun sami suna saboda gaskiyar cewa suna rayuwa a cikin koguna kuma suna yin saƙo iri ɗaya kamar maƙwabta na dawakai. A cikin kasashen CIS da Russia, an dauki sunan "Hippopotamus", an ɗauko shi daga littafin Ayuba kuma yana nuna aljani na sha'awoyin jiki. Don haka, ana kiran dabba guda suna biyu. Hippopotamus da Hippo guda ɗaya ne.

Ina Hippo yake zaune?

Dabbobin da ke daɗaɗɗe A da, akwai 'yan hips da yawa, yawan su ya ƙaru a Afirka da Mesopotamia. Kafin fari, akwai kuma waɗannan halittu da yawa a hamada Sahara. A cikin tsohuwar Girka, dabbobi ma sun rayu a Arewacin Yammacin Afirka, inda a yanzu jihohin Morocco da Algeria ke nan. A tsohuwar Masar ma akwai 'yan hips da ke zama a yankin na Neja Delta. Cikakken ɓacewar hips ɗin daga ƙasar Masar ya samo asali daga farkon ƙarni na 19.

Bayyanar

Waɗannan dabbobin suna bambanta ta yanayin kamanninsu, don haka rikice musu da sauran dabbobi kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Suna da matukar girman jiki mai siffar ganga, kuma sun dan kadan ne da giwaye. Waɗannan ƙwararrun halittun halittar sun inganta rayuwarsu gabaɗaya. Ya kamata a lura cewa bayan shekaru 10 na rayuwa, mata da maza suna da kusan nauyin iri ɗaya, kodayake wannan lokacin ba ya daɗe, tun da maza suka fara samun nauyi sosai kuma bayan fewan shekaru sun fi ƙarfin mace.

An dasa babban jikin a jikin gajeriyar gabar jiki, don haka idan tafiya cikin ciki zata iya isa saman duniya. Kowane reshe yana ƙare da yatsunsu 4, yayin da ake rarrabe kofan ta hanyar sifofin da aka bambanta. Akwai membranes tsakanin kowane yatsa, wanda ke ba dabba damar jin girma a cikin ruwa. Wutsiyar dabbar Hanya, kimanin rabin mita tsayi, yayi kauri a gindinsa kuma kusan laka a karshen, yayin da yake zagaye kuma a hankali yana matsewa. Siffar wutsiyar tana ba dabbobi damar shimfida filayen su nesa nesa. Saboda haka, hips suna nuna abin da suka mallaka.

Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Shugaban dabba dabba ce babba, tunda tana ɗaukar kusan kashi 25 cikin ɗari na nauyin jikin mutum, kuma wannan kusan ton ɗaya ne.Idan ka duba cikin bayanin martaba. Wancan shugaban yana kusan rectangular, amma blunt a gaban. Kunnuwa suna da ɗan ƙarami, amma suna da motsi na musamman. Gashin hancin ya fi girma, idanun kuma ƙanƙanuwa da alama suna binne su a cikin gashin idanun dabba. Kunnuwa, gwiwowi da idanun su sunyi kyau kuma an sa su cikin layi-layi.

Saboda irin wannan ginin, hippo na iya nutsar da kansa cikin ruwa kusan gaba daya, amma idanu, kunnuwa da hanci sun kasance a kasa saman ruwa. Za'a iya bambance ɗan kwalin mata daga mata ta fuskoki masu kama da juna wanda suke kusa da hancin hancin hanci, a ɗayan kuma ɗayan. Irin waɗannan kumburi ba komai bane face tushe na babbar tatsuniyoyi. Matan da suka riga sun girma, bayan shekaru 10 na rayuwa, su ne marasa galihu fiye da maza.

Ana iya faɗi cewa ƙashin ampowar yayi da fadi da tawatacce tare da takaice dai dai da tsauri. Lokacin da hipopotamus ya buɗe bakinsa, sai ya zama kusurwa irin tsari na digiri 150, yayin da faɗin bakin da yake buɗewa shine matsakaici na 65 santimita. Talakawan hippos suna da hakora 36 waɗanda aka lulluɓe da fararen shuɗi.

Kowane muƙamuƙi yana da makamai da manyan motsi shida, shida da aka hakora guda biyu, kazalika da tsintsaye guda biyu da manyan abubuwa guda huɗu. A cikin maza, an cika rigogi da kaifi. Haka kuma, suna da sifar ta sikila da silayyar halayya a tsaye na ƙananan muƙamuƙin. A hankali, ƙwanƙolin baya ya juya baya. A cikin wasu mutane, tsayin canine yakai 60 cm, tare da nauyinsa kimanin kilo 3.

Cancantar irin waɗannan dabbobi ta'allaka ne cewa suna da fata mai kauri, kodayake kusanci da wutsiya amma babu lokacin farin ciki kamar na sauran jikin. A baya na dabba yana da launin toka ko inuwa mai duhu, kuma ciki, a cikin kunnuwa da idanun, yana da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Dabbobin suna cire gashi gabaɗaya, kodayake ƙarancin gashi ya tsiro akan wutsiya da kunnuwa.

Batu mai mahimmanci! Hippo numfashi ma na musamman ne, saboda suna ɗaukar sama da 5 numfashi a minti ɗaya. A lokaci guda, idan sun nutse, wataƙila ba su numfasa ƙarƙashin ruwa na kimanin minti 10.

A gefe da kan ciki, gashi ma sun yi girma, amma akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu. Hippos basu da glandar sebaceous da gumi, amma akwai glandon fata wanda yake halayen musamman ga irin wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Lokacin da yayi zafi sosai, an rufe fatar dabbar dabba da wani nau'in nau'in roba mai launin ja, wanda ke ba da kariya ga Hamada daga cututtukan fata daban-daban, gami da zubar jini.

Halayya da salon rayuwa

Hippos sun fi son jagorancin rayuwar garken garke, don haka rukuninsu zai iya ƙunshi mutane da yawa dozin. Dukkanin wadannan dabbobin suna cikin ruwa, amma da duhu sai su shiga neman wani abin ci. Aikin mace shine kiyaye tsari cikin garken, amma maza ne ke da alhakin kiyaye lafiyar garken duka.

Maza a dabi'ance su suna da m sosai kuma idan sun kai shekaru bakwai suna nuna halin zafin su ga sauran dangi, musamman mazan. Don yin wannan, suna fesa su da fitsari da feza, har da hayaniya, suna buɗe bakinsu sosai kuma suna furta hauka mai hauka.

A kallon farko, waɗannan dabbobin suna da saurin ragowa, amma suna da ikon yin gudu har zuwa kilomita 30 / h, saboda haka mutum ba shi yiwuwa ya tsere daga gare shi. Babban sautin da suke yi sune halayyar halayyar mutum ko maƙwabta, kamar hawan doki. Weaker hippos, a matsayin alamar ƙaddamar da ƙarfi ga mutane da ke da ƙarfi, runtse kawunansu ƙasa. Maza manya suna kishin yankinsu. Suna lura da kullun hanyoyin su kuma suna lura da yankin yau da kullun.

Yawancin hippos suna zaune

A cewar masana kimiyya, tsawon rayuwar wadannan dodannin daji ba ya wuce shekaru 4. A lokaci guda, kasancewa cikin zaman talala, suna iya isa zuwa shekaru 50, ko ma fiye da haka.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, burin rayuwarsu kai tsaye ya danganta da asarar adadin molas. Lokacin da hipo bashi da hakora, to wannan bayan wannan baya rayuwa tsawon lokaci.

Mahalli na zahiri

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kawu na yau da kullun yakan zaɓi jikkunan ruwa na ruwa don aikinsa, kuma lokaci-lokaci sukan bayyana a cikin ruwan teku. Akasari yana zaune ne a Afirka, yana zaune a bakin layin gaɓaɓun ruwa na ƙasashe kamar su Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia da Mozambique. Bugu da kari, ana samunsu a cikin ruwan wasu jikin ruwa na wasu kasashe dake kudu da hamadar Sahara.

Gidajen Hippo na Yammacin Turai sun bazu kan yankin da ke tsakanin yankin Iberian Peninsula da Tsibirin Biritaniya, da kuma cikin kwari Rhine. Dwarf hippos ya wakilci Crete a lokacin Pleistocene, kuma dwarf hips na zamani suna zaune ne kawai Afirka, ciki har da ƙasashe kamar su Liberiya, Jamhuriyar Guinea-Bissau, Saliyo, da Jamhuriyar Cote D'Ivoire.

Abokan gaba na hippos

Irin waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu ƙarfi da ba su da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin yanayi, amma zakuna da khalifofin Nilu suna haifar da haɗari na musamman. Ya kamata a lura cewa ɗan saurayi yana da ikon yin jure wa babban garken manya.

Wannan gaskiyane musamman dangane da mace wadanda suke kare yaransu. Nuna tsokanar zalunci da ƙarfi, mace zata iya kare zuriyarta koda daga zakuna da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, hippos sun zama wadanda abin ya shafa lokacin da suke kan tudu, nesa da tafki.

Sakamakon shekaru da yawa na sa ido, an gano cewa kifayen hiyoyi da kifayen Nile ba sa rikici da juna kuma suna rayuwa cikin aminci cikin takamaiman tafki. Haka kuma, tare zasu iya kawarda abokan gaba daga tafki, kuma kwatankwacin mace na iya barin jariransu a karkashin kariyar guguwa, wadanda zasu iya kare su daga cututtukan daji da zakuna. Duk da haka, akwai sauran kararraki yayin da hipson ke nuna wuce gona da iri game da kifayen, wadanda kuma, biyun, zasu iya cinye jariri saurin haihuwa, da mara lafiya ko rauni.

Gaskiya mai mahimmanci! Duk da cewa har yanzu dabbobi masu shayarwa suna dauke dabbobi masu shayarwa, har ila yau ana daukar su masu haɗari. Suna kaiwa mutane hari sau da yawa fiye da karnuka kamar zakuna da damisa.

Hippos da aka haife su, da ƙanana da rauni, suna wakilta ne a saukin sau ɗaya don karnukan maciji, zakuna, aladu, karnuka da kamanni, ko da an barsu cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Tsofaffin 'yan hilafar kansu da kansu suna haifar da babbar barazana ga matasa, saboda a saukake suna iya tattake su.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Yau, a cikin yanayin mazaunin halitta, yawan yan hips sun ƙanƙana kaɗan. Ko da kusan rabin ƙarni da suka gabata, yawan waɗannan dabbobin, musamman a yankuna da mutane ke kiyaye su, ba su haifar da wata damuwa ba. Kodayake ya kamata a lura da cewa a waje da yankuna masu kariya, yanayin ya sha bamban kuma yawan poan hular sun kasance raguwa akai-akai. Saboda haka, halin da ake ciki gaba ɗaya yana ɗanɗana lokacin da yake faruwa.

Matsalar ita ce:

• An ci naman Hippo, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da leƙo, amma yana da gina jiki. Dangane da wannan, hippos sune rayuwar mutane da yawa a Afirka.
• Fatar Hanya, idan an yi ta ta amfani da wata fasaha ta musamman, ana amfani da ita ne wajen kera ƙafafun hakoran da ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin samar da lu'ulu'u.
• Ana la'akari da kasusuwa na Hippo mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, saboda haka, ana amfani da su azaman kayan ado na ornamental. Darajar kasusuwa hippo ta fi ta hauren giwa.
• Hippos, kamar sauran dabbobi na Nahiyar Afirka. Of musamman sha'awa ga wasanni farauta.

A cikin Afirka, shekaru 10 da suka gabata, a cewar masana kimiyya, kusan mutane dubu 125-145 sun rayu, wanda ƙungiyar musamman ta IUCN ta tabbatar.

A yanzu, yawancin hippos sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin kudu da Gabashin Afirka, ciki har da kasashe irin su Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi da Mozambique. Hippos suna da matsayi na kariya na "dabbobi waɗanda ke cikin haɗari." A cikin wasu kabilun da ke zaune a yankin Afirka, hipopotamus dabba ne mai alfarma, don haka farautar su tana karkashin kulawa.

Daga rayuwar kwarin gwari: gaskiya mai ban mamaki

Da fari dai, gaskiyar cewa an yi wa dabbobin nan dabbobin Afirka masu hadarin gaske lallai ne a tabbatar dasu nan da nan. Abin takaici, irin wannan gaskiyar ta dace da waɗanda ke da kansu waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin barazanar hippos, tunda ba za su iya tsayayya da kansu ba ta kowane fanni. Kawai kokarin shiga cikin sararin samaniya zaka iya yin nadama sosai. Wannan sananne ne ga "maƙwabta" na hipopotamus, saboda haka suna girmama shi, duk wanda bai yi haka ba, har yanzu yana ƙoƙarin ya zagaya waɗannan dabbobin, kamar yadda suke faɗi, "Hanyar 10". Amma sauran, Huhu suna da halayen halayen har ma mutum zai iya yin hassada da shi.

A cewar mutane da yawa, ana iya kwatanta hippo da mai dambe mai nauyi mai ritaya. Wannan dabba ce mai natsuwa, da alama tana da shuɗuwa da ruɗani, yayin da ɗan ƙaramin abu kuma mara saurin fushi, wanda kusan babu abokan gaba. Bai yi wa yara ƙanana ba, kuma a wani lokaci zai iya ba da taimako. Dabbobin suna da komai: gidan, dangi, da wadata, saboda haka gaba ɗaya ba shi da damuwa ga baƙon. Amma, idan akwai "gopniks" ko kuma waɗanda suke so su yi zumuƙar da hipopotamus, za su yi nadama da sauri, saboda ɗan dako a cikin fushi haƙiƙa dabba ce mai ban tsoro wanda zai iya cizo da macijin Nilu cikin rabi.

Hippos ba dabbobi ne masu ƙarfi ba, har ma suna da dabara da haɓaka. Akwai wani lamarin da aka sani lokacin da zaki ya afka wa wani dako wanda ke da bakin zaren a bakin tafki. Wataƙila, yana jin yunwa sosai kuma wani abu ya faru akan kwakwalwar sa, saboda yawanci zakuna ma basa ƙoƙarin taɓa hippos. Ayyukan hippo sun kasance na musamman: ya kama mai laifin "ta hanyar wucin gadi", kamar yadda suke faɗi, kuma ya ja shi zuwa tafki, inda zurfi, yana kashe ƙaramin ƙarfi da kuzari don yaƙar mai laifin.

Batun na biyu kuma ya nuna cewa hips dabbobi ne masu hankali. Lokacin da dako ke hutawa a cikin kogin, sai ya lalata shi da wani kifi, mai tsawon mita 2. An yi imani cewa nau'in kifin shark yana da matukar tayar da hankali. Kasancewa a cikin ruwa, kifin shark yana kaiwa duk wanda ya taru hanyarsa. In kuwa batun zaki ne, to, ya yi magana da dutsen a cikin ruwa, to da ƙifin sharrin ya yi akasin haka: ya jawo wannan maharbin mai zafin rai zuwa gaɓar teku ya tattake ta.

Irin waɗannan bayanan shaida ne cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba kawai kwakwalwar jiki bane, amma tunanin tunani ne.

Kuna iya yarda cewa hippos dabbobi ne masu hadarin gaske kuma suna kaiwa mutane hari, amma akwai shaidar cewa wannan dabba ba ta taɓa kaiwa farko. Da yawa sun bi gefen gabar kogin Nisan tsawon kilomita kuma sun yi mamakin cewa a wancan lokacin da yawa yan hips suna ɓoye a cikin kogin. Koda kasancewa a cikin jirgin ruwa, zaku iya iyo bayan hawan dako ba tare da lura dashi ba, kuma ta yaya zai yiwu a sami damar shiga cikin tarkacewar da wannan kogin yake ɗauka, idanu da hanci na dabba.

Abin sha'awa shine, dabbobi suna yin shuka abinci a farfajiyar ruwa, don kar a je nesa neman abinci. Don wannan, kowane dangi ya iyakance yankin don kansa, dabbobi a kai a kai suna keɓance shi da feginsu. Domin a rarraba “taki” a ko'ina cikin “lambun”, hippo ya juya wutsiyarsa kamar mai siyarwa. Tare da irin wannan tashi, halittar mai rai a cikin “lambun” ya girma kamar tsalle-tsalle da iyaka, don haka tafiya kawai bashi da ma'ana.

Af, mace, zabar abokin tarawa wa kansu, kula da yadda namiji ya karkatar da wutsiyarsa, yana watsar da “taki”.