Storks asalin halittar tsuntsaye ne a dangin storks, tsari ne na ciconiiformes. Wadannan tsuntsaye ana iya gane su cikin sauki, ana rarrabe su da kafafu mai tsayi, dogon wuya, wani katako mai kama da dogon baki. Waɗannan tsuntsayen masu mallakar manyan fuka-fukai ne masu ƙarfi, suna da yawa kuma suna ba da damar kututturewa cikin iska da sauri.
Kafafuwan wadannan tsuntsayen rabi kawai suke jikin mu, yatsunsu a kan gabar jiki basu da membranes. Girman girman storks sunyi yawa: taro na tsuntsu mai girma daga kilogram uku zuwa biyar. A lokaci guda, mace da namiji ba su bambanta da girma, kuma haƙiƙa babu bambancin jima'i a cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye.
Yankin Gabas ko oran Burtaniya da aka Biya (Ciconia boyciana).
A cikin kayan girke-girke akwai launuka masu launin fari da fari, cikin lambobi daban-daban, gwargwadon nau'in halitta.
Mafi shahararrun jinsunan storks:
- Stork-Neck mai farashi (Ciconia episcopus)
- Black Stork (Ciconia nigra)
- Borkon-Banson Stork (Ciconia boyciana)
- Stork (farin ruwan ciconia abdimii)
- Sarai Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
- Wool wool st st st Malay
- Amurka Stork (Ciconia maguari)
A ina ne matattara suke zama?
Tsuntsayen daga jinsin sanannu suna zaune a cikin Turai, Afirka, Asiya, ban da wannan, akwai mayukan tono da Kudancin Amurka ke zaune.
Speciesungiyoyin Kudancin suna rayuwa mai tsaka-mai-wuya, dolo na arewa suna yin ƙaura na lokaci. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma ba manya-manyan kungiyoyi ba. Kafin tashi zuwa lokacin zafi don zafi, storks sun taru a cikin kananan gungun mutane 10-25.
Stork na Amurka (Ciconia maguari).
Dukkan nau'ikan kututturen suna dogara da jikin ruwa, saboda haka suna ƙoƙarin su zauna kusa da ruwa. Amma har yanzu wasu suna harka a cikin lokacin farin ciki na gandun daji, suna gudu zuwa kandami kawai don abinci.
Me ɗanɗana abin ci?
Jerin kayan maye ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobi: tsutsotsi, mollusks, toads, frogs, macizai, lizards da kifi. Storks suna neman abincinsu cikin ruwa mai zurfi, yanzu kuma sannan suna tafiya cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan naman alade ya hango ganima, to sai ya tsawaita babbar doguwar wuyansa sannan ya bugi wanda aka azabtar da shi. Daga nan sai tsuntsu ya hadiye "abincinsa".
Game da haifuwar storks a cikin yanayi
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da aure, i.e., da zarar sun zaɓi abokin tarayya, sun kasance masu haɗu tare da shi. Wani sabon abokin tarayya na iya bayyana kawai yayin mutuwar wanda ya gabata. Storks suna gina mazaunin su daga manyan rassa. Tsakanin tsakiyar gida, ana shirya wani abu mai kama da abin wasan taya. Gidan “stork” wani tsari ne mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya jure wa ɗabbin tsuntsayen yawa. Yana faruwa sau da yawa bayan mutuwar iyayen, ɗayan kajin ya gaji gadon kabila.
Halin da ya dace na kwayar Faris ta gabas: mace da namiji, suna jifa da kawunansu, danna kawunansu.
Naman mace a lokacin kiwo ya sanya 2 - 5 qwai, lokacin shiryawa yana tsawan kwanaki 34. Duk iyayen sun hada da zuriya ta gaba, idan mutum yayi aiki a zaman tsintsiya, na biyu ya kawo masa abinci.
Alamu masu alaƙa da storks
A cewar almara na zamanin da, idan dan gidan baƙuwar ya yi sheki a kan rufin ko kusa da gidan, to, masu shi suna tsammanin zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali da wadata. The storks kansu koyaushe suna hade a cikin mutane tare da ƙari a cikin iyali, ba a banza ba ne cewa mutane sun ce "da stork ɗin da aka kawo." Wadannan tsuntsayen manya-manyan kofofin sun ko da yaushe sun fahimci yanayin girmamawa da girmamawa a tsakanin mutane, wannan ya gabata, kuma ana lura dashi koda a zamaninmu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
A ina ne kalmar 'stork' ta fito?
Asalin kalmar "stork" ba a kafa ta tabbatacce ba, saboda haka akwai sigogi da yawa na faruwarsa. Ana samun kalmomin masu ɓoye a cikin tsoffin Sanskrit, Tsohuwar Rashanci, Jamusanci, harsunan Slavic. Mafi cancanci fassarar kalmar Jamusanci “Heister”, wanda a wasu wurare a Jamus shi ne sunan magpie. Wataƙila, kalmar ta zama “Geister”, sannan kuma zuwa “Stork”. Zai yi wuya a sami kwatancen tsakanin magpie da mai tonon sililin, alamomin da suka danganci su kawai shine launin ɗaukar itacen. Ana iya ɗauka cewa yana kwance bisa tushen sunan murƙushe. A cikin yankuna daban-daban na Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus, akwai sunaye daban-daban na wannan tsuntsu: bushel, butol, busko, batan, chernoguz, leleka, manto, geister, botsun da sauransu. Bugu da kari, an kira shi da sunan ɗan adam: Ivan, Gritsko, Vasil, Yasha.
Stork - bayanin, bayanin, hoto. Menene storks yi kama?
Storks manyan tsuntsaye ne. Mafi girma nau'in halittar Ciconia shine farin fari. Tsawon jikin mutum da mace shine 110 cm, fuka-fukan ya kai 220 cm, nauyi kuma shine nauyin 3.6. Ofaya daga cikin ƙananan jinsuna, farin farin borkonon, yana da nauyin 1 kg, tsawon tsayin jikinsa shine 73 cm.
Gashin kugu na dindindin, tsawonsa sau 2-3, kuma yana da sihiri na conical. Zai iya zama madaidaiciya ko dan kadan a lanƙwasa zuwa saman (kamar tsumman Far Eastern). A gindi yana da tsayi da girma, kaifi a ƙarshen, an rufe shi da ƙarfi. Harshen mai santsi ne, mai kaifi kuma, idan aka kwatanta da beak, ƙarami. Hanyoyin fashewa na ƙusoshin ƙyalli suna da fadi sosai, suna buɗewa dama a cikin ƙaho, ba tare da burgewa da furzar ba. Launin launin baki a cikin manya mafi yawan jinsin suna da ja. Orkwanƙwalwar baƙar fata-baƙar fata ne. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, kishiyar gaskiya ce: kawunansu masu baƙar fata-na goge suna da ja ko lemo mai tsami, kuma a cikin kajin sauran nau'in, beak baki.
Iris na nau'ikan storks mai launin ja ne, launin ruwan kasa ko farar fata. A kan kai, zubewa ba ya nan a kan Chin, gado da fata a idanu. Neckaunar tsuntsayen suna tsayi da tsayi. Halin da ake ciki shine halayen lokacin da wuyan ya juya baya, aka shugaban kai gaba, gemu ya zauna a cikin gashin fuka-fukan. A cikin wurin gashin fuka-fukan goiter suna da tsawo, suna jan girma.
Storks suna da sakwannin iska na mahaifa waɗanda ke cike da iska mai nutsuwa, kamar yadda suke da alaƙa da ɗakunan hanci. Waɗannan jakunkuna ƙanana ne, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin fata kuma suna kwance a ɓangarorin wuya a gindin kai. Tsarin jaka na haifar da ratawar iska tsakanin fata da tsokoki.
Fashin fuka-fukan suna da tsawo, zagaye suke, gashin fuka-fukan ne ya haifar da gashin gashin 3-5. Gashin fuka-fukan ciki a kan fikafi suna da tsawo. Lokacin da aka ninka fulawa, sun kai tsawon gashin fuka-fukan farko.
A cikin jirgin, storks soar sama da ƙasa. Wannan ana iya yiwuwa da godiya ga haɗin gwiwa na musamman na kasusuwa a wuyan kafada da kuma tsarin reshe tare da ƙafar goshin hannu da gajerun kafada. Waɗannan sifofin suna halayyar manyan tsuntsaye masu tasowa, gami da tsuntsayen ganima. A reshe a farkon yatsan hannun akwai kambori.
Jirgin tashi yana halayyar tsuntsaye kamar gaggafa, gaggafa a zinare, kwari, kwalliya, buzzards, kwalliya.
Wutsiyar mai murɗaɗɗen matsakaici ne tsayi, madaidaiciya, dan kadan an zagaye shi a cikin gwaggon biri. Ya ƙunshi gashin fuka-fukai 12.
Hagu da tsuntsayen suna da tsawo sosai. Hanyar metatarsus kusan daidai yake da tibia. An shirya haɗin gwiwa na kasusuwa da kasusuwa cikin kasusuwa ta hanyar da kashin wanda ya hau kan kashin kashin talbiyya ya shiga cikin damuwa da ke kan kai tsaye, kuma wata jijiya ta musamman tana gyara wannan haɗin, yana hana kasusuwa sauka. Sakamakon matsayi mai ƙarfi ne na kafaɗun elongated, riƙe jikin mutum da tsararren inji, ba tare da aikin tsoka ba. Godiya ga wannan, murɗaɗɗen jiki, bayan da ya ba da ma'aunin jiki, zai iya tsawan awanni a ƙafa ɗaya, alhali gaba ɗaya bai gaji ba. Tsarin kafafu yana haifar da wasu motsin halayyar - jinkirin da yanayin bazara.
Yatsun yatsun nan takaice dai. Narrowaƙƙarfan takalmin fata mai laushi yana gudana kowane ɗayan. An haɗa yatsun gaba a gindin ta wani ƙaramin fata mai fata, kuma ana amfani da yatsa baya don tallafawa a ƙasa. Wannan tsarin yatsun ya nuna cewa tsintsayen ke da wahala tafiya a wuraren da ba shi da lafiya, kuma ya ci nasara zuwa turɓayar ƙasa. Ba za a iya amfani da tibia fiye da uku bisa dari ba. Bangon da tibia da dukan metatarsus an rufe su da kananan faranti da yawa. Theusoshin suna da faɗi, lafazi mai faɗi, mai laushi.
Launin storks ba shi da bambanci sosai kuma ya ƙunshi launuka masu duhu da fari. Launin baƙi na iya zama tare da koren farin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe. Laifin kananan tsuntsaye ya bambanta dan kadan daga manya kaɗan. Babu bambance-bambance a cikin launi na maza da na mata, da kuma canjin launuka ta zamani. Kayan kayen Stork suna da launin toka mai launin toka; a cikin manya, Fluff farar fata ne ko launin toka.
Wakilan halittar Ciconia ba su da murya, kamar yadda ake hana su sinadarin syrinx (sautin tsuntsaye) da jijiyoyinta. Maimakon yin kururuwa, ciyawar tana danna baki, wato, tana bugun jajayen junan su. Farar fata baƙi (Ciconia ciconia) kuma san yadda ake hiss. Black baƙar fata (Ciconia nigra) da wuya a fasa da baki, muryarsu tana kama da tari ko kururuwa. Kayan kurji na iya yin kuwwa, kururuwa, kukansa da kukan makogwaron.
A ina ake yin hunturu?
Itaciya mai rai a arewacin latitude ita ce tsuntsu mai ƙaura wanda ya jagoranci rayuwa mai rauni kafin lokacin kankara. Har ila yau, ana haɗuwa da matsuguni yanzu: alal misali, ƙarar kashe goge-baki da ke zaune a Japan ba ya tashi zuwa hunturu. Bakin fararen hular, farar fata, baƙar fata, baƙar fata na Amurka da Malayan da ke da ƙoshin salama basa tashi a kudu, saboda suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi, inda ake basu abinci duk shekara. Lokacin ƙaura na lokaci ana yin su ne da fararen baƙi, baƙar fata da kuma baƙar fata (Gabatar da baƙar fata) waɗanda ke zaune a Turai, Rasha, China.
Ficewar fararen fata da baƙi daga yankuna na Turai da Asiya ya fara da wuri. Farar fata ya shuɗe a ƙarshen uku na watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba. Baƙar fata baƙi suna ƙaura tun a farkon: daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, kamar, alal misali, a wasu yankuna na Gabashin Turai. A wasu yankuna, alal misali, a cikin yankin Amur, an gano cewa ɓoyayyen baƙar fata ya tashi a cikin shekaru na biyu na Satumba: ga waɗannan tsuntsaye wannan ƙarshen zamani ne. A cikin kowane hali, har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba, yankuna na kannena sun zama fanko.
Tsuntsaye suna yin jirgin sama a cikin rana, a tsauni mai tsawo, ba sa lura da takamaiman tsarin. Storks suna tashi sama da ƙasa, rage girman ɓangarorin teku. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa hauhawar jiragen sama waɗanda aka kafa a saman ƙasa suna da mahimmanci don hawan jirgin sama. Storks suna ta shawagi cikin ruwa kawai lokacin da suka ga ƙarshen gabar. Da bazara, sai tsuntsaye su dawo.
Wasu baƙin baƙi da fari, suka zauna a Kudancin Afirka, ba su koma ƙasarsu ba, tunda sun shirya yankuna mazauna.
A ƙasa, a cikin bayanin nau'in halittu, ana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da inda tururuwa ke tashi kuma a cikin ƙasashe ne suke yin ɓarna.
Me storks suke ci?
Storks suna cin abincin dabbobi na musamman. Abincinsu ya bambanta, amma galibi ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobi, waɗanda suka haɗa da:
- dabbobi masu shayarwa: beraye, beraye, beraye, voles na filin da sauran nau'ikan jika-jika, ciyayi, squirrels, matasa hares, weasels, ermines. A cikin ƙauyuka, wasu mayu na iya farautar kaji da na dabbobi,
- kananan kajin
- amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe: kwaɗi, toads, manyan lizards, macizai (macizai, maciji),
- babban kwari kwari da larvae - ayau da sauran farau, rakuma, chafers, ciyayi, ciyayi, bears,
- muryoyin ƙasa da na cikin ruwa, ɓawon burodi, tsutsotsi,
- Amma game da kifi, wasu nau'ikan storks, kamar na farin, da wuya su cinye shi. Baƙar fata baƙi suna cin shi sau da yawa. Abincin borkono mai baƙar fata yana cin kifi na musamman.
Ya danganta da lokacin shekara, abincin storks yakan canza. Lokacin da ƙananan tafkuna suka bushe kuma suka zama ƙananan amphibians, an ci manyan kwari. Storks sun haɗiye ganima duka. Abubuwan da ba za a iya rarrabe su ba (fuka-fukai, ulu, sikeli, da dai sauransu) tsuntsayen sun yi biris da kamannin tarkace.
Af, storks suna da ban mamaki ikon cin macizai mai guba ba tare da lahani ga kansu ba. Babu shakka, sun tsira daga guba.
Tsuntsaye suna ciyar da sarari: a cikin tsaunukan tuddai, kwari masu yawa na makiyaya da wuraren kiwo, tare da bankunan koguna, fadama-ruwa da sauran wuraren da bayyane suke bayyane. Kodayake ɓoyayye a koyaushe suna cikin gani, su da kansu zasu iya lura da haɗarin daga nesa.
Storks, kamar sauran manyan tsuntsaye, suna da hankali sosai. A lokacin jirgin sama da daddare suna kwana tare. Tsuntsaye suna ba da abinci daban, amma a lokaci guda ba su rasa taɓawa da dangi.
Har yaushe ne storks rayuwa?
Abubuwan da ake tsammani na storks sun dogara da nau'in halitta da mazauninsu. Abubuwan fata fararen fata suna rayuwa cikin yanayi na kusan shekaru 20-21 (a cewar wasu bayanan, har zuwa shekaru 33), a cikin zaman talala, wannan alamar tana iya zama mafi girma. Yaro mai nisa a cikin bauta ya tsira zuwa shekaru 48. Matsakaicin rayuwar baƙar fata a cikin bauta ita ce shekaru 31, yayin da a cikin wannan adadi shekaru 18 ke nan.
Iri storks, sunaye da hotuna
Wadannan nau'ikan suna cikin sifofin storks (Ciconia):
- Ciconia abdimii (Lichtenstein, 1823) - farin zolaya,
- Ciconia boyciana (Swinhoe, 1873) - baƙar fata-borkon baƙi, Chineseaƙumar China, Easternan fari, Farfaffiyar gabashin Gabas,
- Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) - farin kunama:
- Ciconia ciconia asiatica (Severtzov, 1873) - farin fari na Turkestan,
- Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) - farin Turaren Turai,
- Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783) - White Stork:
- Ciconia episcopus epiccopus (Boddaert, 1783),
- Ciconia episcopus microscelis (G. R. Grey, 1848),
- Ciconia episcopus sakaci (Finsch, 1904)
- Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) - baƙar fata,
- Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) - Stork na Amurka,
- Ciconia stormi (W. Blasius, 1896) - staƙƙarfan naman sa mai ƙanshin gashi.
Bayani mai zuwa bayanin kwatancen jinsin ne.
- Farar fata(Ciconia ciconia)
yana zaune a wasu sassan Turai (daga kudancin Sweden da Denmark zuwa Faransa da Portugal, a cikin kasashen gabashin Turai), a cikin Ukraine, a Rasha (daga Vologda Oblast zuwa Transcaucasia), a Tsakiyar Asiya da kuma arewacin Afirka (daga arewacin Morocco zuwa arewa) Tunisiya). Dangane da mazaunin, an rarrabe ƙananan rago biyu na farin: Turai (Ciconia ciconia) da Turkestan (Ciconia ciconia asiatica) Estungiyar ta Turkestan ta ɗan fi ta Turai girma, ana samun ta a tsakiyar Asiya da wasu sassan Transcaucasia.
Jikin farin storks yana da fararen launi, wanda aka nuna da sunan. Fuka fuka-fukai ne kawai a iyakar fikafikan su baki ne, kuma har zuwa lokacin da tsuntsun ya daidaita su, da alama duk jikin mutum baki ne. Daga nan ne sanannen sunan tsuntsu - Chernoguz. Gashin Stork da kafafu suna ja. Kajin suna da baƙar fata. Farar fata a kusa da idanunsa kuma beak yana ja ko baƙi. Iris duhu ne mai launin shuɗi ko m. Girman fuka-fukan shine 55-63 cm, wutsiyarsa itace 21.5-26 cm, metatarsus shine 17-23.5 cm, gege shine 14-20 cm. Tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kai mita 1.02. Girman fika shine 1.95-2, 05m Orkaƙƙarfan fari na nauyin kilogiram 3.5-4.4. Mata sun fi maza yawa.
Fararen bakin da ke zaune a yammacin da gabashin Turai suna tashi daga kudu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Storks wanda yake zaune a gefen yamma na Elbe ya tashi zuwa kwarara zuwa Gibraltar kuma ya shawo kansa a cikin kunkuntar wuri. Da suka hau saman Spain, suna shirin zuwa Afirka. A can, wani ɓangare suna kasancewa a yamma, kuma sun ɗan ketare Sahara, gandun daji na daidaituwa kuma suna tsayawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Storks da ke gabas da Elbe suna tashi zuwa Bosphorus, suna yawo a tekun Bahar Rum ta hanyar Siriya, Isra'ila, sun haye arewa zuwa Jar Teku, Misira, tashi zuwa kwarin Nilu kuma zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Estoshin fari na ƙasar Turkestan na farin jela a mafi yawan lokutan a cikin India, a Ceylon, amma wasu mutane suna jiran lokacin hunturu a yankin Syr Darya na Tsakiyar Asiya da kuma tsaunukan Talysh a Transcaucasia.
Fararen bakin fari suna zaune kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, tunda ya dace musu su gina gida a “tsaunin da mutum ya yi”. Mutane da yawa sukan “taimaka” tsuntsayen a cikin gini, suna yin gida don dabbobin tare da hannuwansu ko ƙirƙirar tushe don hakan: suna sanya ƙafafun ƙafa ko kango na musamman akan dogayen itace, bishiyoyi ko ginin gona wanda tsuntsayen suka sanya makusansu.
- Bakar fata(Ciconia nigra)
irin wanda ya nisanta mutane. Wurin zama yankuna ne masu yawa na Eurasia: daga Scandinavia da Iberian Peninsula zuwa Yankin gabashin gabashin. Yankin arewa da ya rarraba ya kai kashi 60 da maki 63, yankin kudu ya ratsa yankin Balkans, Crimea, Transcaucasia, Iran, Asia ta Tsakiya, Mongolia, da tsakiyar China. Baƙar fata mai launin fata a kan Afirka, Indiya da China. A cikin Afirka, tsuntsaye basa tashi sama da masu siyarwa. Gaskiya ne, a kudu na ɓangaren ƙasa yankuna daban-daban waɗanda a cikin dukkanin yiwuwar sun isa wurin yayin ƙaura kuma suna dawwama.
Launin launi na wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ya mamaye baki, yayin da launin toka ke jefa ganye, tagulla ko shunayya. Fuka fuka-fukan farare ne kawai a cikin ƙananan kafa, a bayan kirji da kuma a cikin sassan lardin. Gashin tsuntsun yana dan dutsen a hankali.Kafafu, gemun da fata a idanu suna ja. Iris mai launin ruwan kasa. Matasa suna da fararen kaya, yayin da kafafu da baki na dabba ke da launin shuɗi-shuɗi. Weightaukar nauyin ƙwayar baƙar fata bata wuce kilogram 3 ba, jiki zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 1. Tsawon reshe ya banbanta daga 52 zuwa 61 cm, tsayin metatarsus shine 18-20 cm, wutsiyar ta girma zuwa 19-25 cm, kuma tsawon gemun ya kai cm 16-19.5. Tsuntsu tsuntsu shine mita 1.5-2.
Baƙar fata mai launin fata yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai yawa, tsibiran tsakanin marshes da sauran wuraren da ba a iya samun su ba. Yana shirya gida a kan rassan a ƙarshen sassan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, 1.5-2 m daga akwati. Sun ƙunshi rassa daban-daban na dunƙulen fari wanda aka gasa tare da ƙasa da turɓaya. A cikin wuraren da babu itace da tsauni, tsuntsu yakan zabi dutse, dutse, da sauransu don mahalli. Abun matattara koyaushe yana shugabansu daban da dangi. Nests yawanci suna a cikin nisa of 6 km daga juna. A wasu wurare, alal misali, Gabas ta Transcaucasia, nisan da ke tsakaninsu ya ragu zuwa kilomita 1, wani lokacin ma har wasu n 2 2 suna kan bishiyar guda.
A cikin ɓoyayyun akwai ƙwai 3 zuwa 5, waɗanda ke da ƙanƙanyar kaɗan daga na farin murɗaɗa. Abarbal an rufe ta da farin ko kuma launin toka mai launin toka, kuma baki mai ɗauke da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a gindi da launin rawaya-ƙarshen a ƙarshen. Da farko, matashin baƙar fata suna kwance, to, sai su zauna a gida kuma bayan kwanaki 35-40 ne suka fara tashi. Staƙaƙƙarfan tumatiri ya tashi daga gida a cikin kwanaki 64-65 bayan haihuwa. Ba kamar sauran jinsunan ba, baƙar fata na iya yin kururuwa. Suna furta sauti da ƙananan sauti, masu kama da "chi-li". Tsuntsayen beak suna yin ƙasa da sau biyu ba su fi shuru ba.
- Stork mai farin ƙarfe(Ciconia abdimii)
Wannan nau'in kayan maye ne na Afirka wanda ke rayuwa daga Habasha zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.
Ofaya daga cikin ƙananan murƙushe, ya kai 73 cm tsayi. Nauyin tsuntsu 1 kg ne. Launin yana mamaye baki, fararen fata ne kawai da kuma aljihunan. Gindi, ba kamar yawancin jinsuna ba, launin toka ne. Kafafu suna da launin ja. Wani fasalin farar fata mai launin fata mai haske shine launin fata da ke kewaye da idanu yayin lokacin dibanin. Idanun da kansu suna da ja. Mata sun fi maza yawa. Sa 2-3 qwai.
- Cutar fari(Ciconia episcopus) yana da rassa 3:
- Ciconia episcopus epiccopus na zaune a sashin tsiren Hindustan, Indochina da tsibirin Philippine,
- Ciconia episcopus microscelis samu a cikin Uganda da Kenya - kasashen Afirka na wurare masu zafi,
- Ciconia episcopus sakaci - Mazaunin tsibirin Java da tsibirin da ke kwance a iyakar yankin Asiya da Australiya.
Tsawon tsutsotsi ya bambanta da cm 80 zuwa 90. Yankuna, wuyansa da kirjin babba tsuntsaye farare ne. Gashin fuka-fukan cikin ƙananan ciki da wutsiya fari ne. Shugaban a saman baƙi ne, kamar dai saka hula ne. Fuka-fuki da jikin na sama baƙaƙen fata ne, akwai launuka masu launin shuɗi a kan kafaɗa, ƙarshen fikafikan an yi launin shuɗi. Abubuwan da ke daɗaɗa farin-biri suna zaune cikin kungiyoyi ko kuma nau'i-nau'i kusa da ruwa.
- Maya(Ciconia stormi)
kananan kananan halittu, wadanda suke gab da hallakarwa. A cikin duniya akwai mutane daga 400 zuwa 500 mutane. Girma na tsuntsu karami ne: daga 75 zuwa 91 cm.Taƙi mafi rinjaye cikin launi. A wuya ne fari. An ciccila diyar a wuya tare da baki “hula”. Fatar nonon da take da gashinsa, tana da tintaccen ruwan lemo mai hade da rawaya a idanu. Beak da kafafu suna ja.
Starancin buɗe ido mai ƙyalƙyali suna zaune a wasu tsibiran Indonesia, a cikin Malesiya, Thailand, Brunei. Suna zaune shi kaɗai ko a cikin ƙaramin rukuni, kuma suna kusa da jikunan ruwan ruwa na dazuzzuka.
- Jirgin Amurka(Ciconia maguari)
wakilin Sabon Duniya. Tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka.
Ya yi kama da farin silima a cikin girma da kamanninsu. Bambanci: wutsiya mai baƙar fata, fata mai launin ja-orange a kusa da idanun, launin toka a gindi da kuma baki mai faɗi a ƙarshensa da farin iris na idanu. Cutar kajin Stork ana haihuwar fari, duhu tare da shekaru, sannan a sami launi na iyaye. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kai 90 cm, fikafikan nisansa yakai 120 cm, tsintsiya mai nauyin kilogiram 3.5. Yana gina gida a ƙasa low: a cikin bushes, a kan ƙananan bishiyoyi har ma a ƙasa, amma koyaushe suna kewaye da ruwa.
- Black-takardar kudi Stork (Ciconia boyciana)
Nau'in da ke da sunaye da yawa: Amur stork, orkaunin gargajiyar kasar Sin, Yankin Gabas ko farar fata fari. A baya can, wannan nau'in an dauki wani matsayin farin fari. Amma, ba kamar na fari ba, baƙar fata mai launin baƙar fata yana da dogon baki mai baki, da alama yana hawan kai zuwa saman, kafafu ja da amarya, aljihun jan wuya, farin ciki, da fatun mai launin shuɗi suna nan a ƙarshen wasu gashin fuka-baƙar fata.
Kawun Amur na tonon sillan suna da firam-orange. A cikin matasa yara, launin fata yana maye gurbin launin ruwan kasa. A cikin girman, tsuntsu ya ɗan fi girma fiye da danginsa: tsayin reshe shine 62-67 cm, beak shine 19.5-26 cm, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 1.15 m, naman alade yana da nauyi zuwa 5.5 kg. Oraƙƙarfan farfajiyar gabas tana ciyar da kifi kawai, misali irin kifin teku, raƙuman ruwa.
Duk sunayen tsuntsayen suna nuni da mazauninsu: Yankin Gabas (Yankin Amur, Primorye, Ussuri Territory), arewacin China. Bugu da kari, ana samun wannan nau'in a Japan da Koriya. Bishiyar launin baƙi lokacin hunturu galibi a Kudancin China, a tsibirin Taiwan da kuma yankin Hong Kong. Wasu garken suna ƙaura don hunturu zuwa Koriya ta Arewa, Koriya ta Kudu, Japan, wani lokacin suna isa Filipinas, Myanmar, Bangladesh da kuma yankuna na gabas na gabas na Indiya. A Japan, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a lokacin bazara da damuna, ba sa tashi kudu a lokacin sanyi. Kusa da mutumin, ƙwayar baƙar fata ta fata ba ta daidaita, ya fi son zama a cikin gandun daji a kan bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Nests za a iya located duka babban da ƙananan rassan. Suna da nauyi sosai wanda wasu lokutan rassan ba zasu iya jure nauyi ba kuma su karye, sakamakon abin da ya fiɗa a ƙasa. A cikin kama akwai ƙwai 3-5.
Staƙƙarfan Yammacin isaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta shine ƙarancin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin Rasha, Japan da China. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Russia, China da Korea, da kuma a cikin International Red Book. A dabi'ance, babu mutane sama da 3,000.
Babbar kiwo
Storks suna jagorantar garken, ban da lokacin kiwo. Tsuntsayen suna yin sheƙunansu don yin amfani da su, suna jingina su a kan bishiyoyi, kan dutse, dutse, rufin gidaje da sauran gine-gine.
- Abubuwan fata fararen fata na iya gida a cikin garken baki ɗaya. Af, wannan nau'in tsuntsaye yana rakiyar mutane kuma yana zaune ba wai kawai a kan bishiyoyi ba, nesa ba kusa da mahalli na mutane ba, har ma a kan rufin gine-ginen, hasumiyar ruwa, bututun masana'anta, hasumiyar watsa wutar lantarki, dogayen sanda da sauran bangarori. Manyan bakin fenti suna zaɓar ginin mutum, saboda sun dace wa mazauni, kodayake tsuntsaye ba sa bukatar mutane a maƙwabta.
- Black storks gida daga mutane.
Komawa daga hunturu, matattara sukan gyara tsohuwar gida, suna ɗaure shi da sanduna, hay, sanduna. Wani sabon gida yawanci baya wuce 1 m in diamita, kuma tsohon, wanda aka gama, na iya kaiwa har zuwa 2.3 m kuma yana auna sikiyan. Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 8 don ginin. Kusa da gida na farko, farin storks na iya gina na biyu, wanda ake amfani dashi don bacci ko tsare gidan farko. Wasu lokuta matasa masu kara, waɗanda ba a shirye suke don kiwo ba, ba sa son su gina nasu gida da ƙoƙarin kama wani. A wannan yanayin, tsohuwar dattijon ya fashe da gemu kuma ya jefa kansa a gaban abokin gaba. Wasu ma'aurata suna zaune a mazaunan tsuntsayen ganima.
A cikin bazara, namiji ya tashi zuwa gida da farko kuma yana gayyatar abokin tarayya - kowace mace mai tashi. Yana faruwa cewa tsohuwar budurwa ta koma wurin maza, kuma idan an karɓi matsayinta, to fa faɗa ya ɓaci tsakanin mace. Wanda ya ci nasara har yanzu ya rage, abokin karawarta ya tashi. Yawancin masana sun yarda da yanayin cewa storks tsuntsaye ne masu hawa biyu kuma suna tashi zuwa gida tare da abokan aikinsu na yau da kullun, kuma basu yin nau'i-nau'i idan sun isa.
Lokacin da aka gama gyara ko gina gidan nan, za a fara wasannin tsagera. A cikin nau'ikan storks, wannan al'ada ta bambanta.
A cikin farin murɗaɗɗun, mazan ko mata suna rawa, suna nishi da gemu kuma suna ɗaukar halayensu, suna jefa kawunansu a baya. Fatar kan makogwaro da farji ta kumbura, suna yin jigilar makogwaron makogwaro, wanda yake zama kamar resonator. Storks suna danna bekensu, kuma sautin da yake fitowa daga gare ta yayi kama da wani irin fashewar abubuwa. Namiji yana nuna halayyarsa fiye da mace. Zai iya yin da'irar sama da gida, ya tashi sama kuma ya faɗi sosai. Idan mace ta zauna a cikin gida, yakan yi ƙoƙari ya ɗauke shi, ya yi wa abokin aikinta gindi da bebe kusa da shi. Lokacin da mace ta tashi, ma'aurata na faruwa, a lokacin da namiji ya fadi ga abokin tarayya, yana lanƙwasa ƙafafunsa da daidaita fuka-fukansa.
Baƙar fata ba sa jefa kawunansu baya kuma kada su danna bekensu. Suna da alama sun sunkuyar da juna ko tafiya tare da wuyan elongated, sunkuyar da kai da guga man a wuya. Lokaci-lokaci, sukan tono a gemunsu a cikin gashin tsuntsu ko kan abokin wani.
Matar tana sanya ƙwai 3-5, tana fara saka su tun kafin ƙarshen kwanciya. Orkwai Stork fararen fata, tare da babban daskararren, elongated. Suna yin kimanin 120 g.
Yin kiyayya yana wuce kwanaki 30. Iyayen biyu suna ƙyan kajin: yawanci namiji yakan yi wannan yayin rana, kuma mace da dare. Ana haihuwar kaji da makafi, amma fara gani bayan wasu 'yan sa'o'i.
Afaƙƙun mayaƙa an rufe da fararen fari, ƙafafunsu masu ruwan hoda ne, gemunsu kuma baƙi ne. Fluff na sakandare ya bayyana bayan sati daya. A cikin farin murɗaɗa, bayan kwanaki 16, sai maƙarƙashiyar ta fara tsayawa a ƙafafunsu. A rana ta 25, sun yi tsaye a kan kafafu biyu, bayan kwana 10 kuma sun iya tsayawa a kan kafa ɗaya. Kwana 70 bayan haihuwa, matasa sun bar gida. Kayan aladun baƙar fata na haɓakawa kaɗan.
Ba shi da sauƙi a ciyar da ɗora marairaye. Duk maza da mata sun shiga ciyarwa. Ofayansu yana kusa da kajin, ɗayan yana tashi don abinci. Bugu da kari, ɗan itacen goge yana gyara kullun gida, yana kawo kayan gini daban-daban: rassa, ciyawa, twigs. Suna jiran abinci, yaran sun danna baki. Lokacin da iyaye suka lanƙwasa kajin har suka jefa abinci daga makogwaron, baƙis suka kama shi a kan tsalle ko tattara shi a ƙasa daga cikin gida. Daga girma, kajin ya tsiyaye abinci daga iyayensu daga baki.
Uba da uwa suna kula da yaransu a hankali. Tsuntsu, wanda yake a cikin gida mai sheƙai, a kan ranakun zafi yana kare su daga rana, yana tsaye a saman su da fikafikai. Iyaye sukan kawo ruwa a cikin bekensu su shayar da jariransu ko kuma a basu ruwan sha mai sanyaya rai. Amma marasa lafiya, raunana, kamuwa da kwayar-cutar masu kamuwa da cuta ana jefa su daga gida daga kututture.
Storks fara tashi suna iyakance ga kewayen asalin asalinsu. Duk dangi zasu taru acikinta. Sai kajin tashi daga nesa, kuma a ƙarshe, swarms fara farawa. Storks tashi da wuri: na farko matasa, sannan tsoho. Kuma kodayake matasa suna tashi ba tare da rakiya ba, ilhami tana jagorance su ta hanyar da ta dace. An tabbatar da cewa lokacin tashiwar ba ta wata hanyar da aka haɗa ko dai da sanyaya, ko kuma maganar banza. Amma tsarin rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsaye an shirya shi domin su isa lokacin rani daidai ga wani lokaci, wanda ake buƙata don kiwo. Staƙƙarfan ɗan yumbu ya fara farawa ne daga shekaru 3-4. Wani lokacin wannan yakan faru a baya, bayan shekaru 2, ko kuma daga baya - har zuwa shekaru 6.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin ɗanyar maraƙi da maraƙi?
- Storks suna cikin tsarin ciconiiformes, dan gidan baƙaƙe. Herons suna cikin tsarin Ciconiiformes, dangin herons.
- Storks tsuntsaye ne masu yawa sosai fiye da herons.
- Ba kamar ɓoyayyiya ba, wuyan herons yana da bakin ciki kuma ya fi tsayi.
- A cikin jirgin, storks suna kiyaye wuyansu a gaba, wanda shine rashin sani game da herons.
A gefen hagu akwai babban heron shuɗi, a hannun dama akwai farin tofa. Marubucin hoto a hannun hagu: Cephas, CC BY-SA 4.0, marubucin hoto a hannun dama: sipa, CC0.
- Bambance-bambancen dake tsakanin tsatstsarka da sheqa suna cikin tsawon yatsunsu. Storks sun fi gajerun nesa.
- Herons suna zaune kuma suna kama ganima a cikin fadama, wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta ɓoye, saboda tsarin yatsunsu, akwai matsala. Saboda haka, storks suna ciyar da ƙasa akan ƙasa.
- Storks suna ta ihu a sararin sama, yayin da herons suke tashi, suna buɗe fikafikan su kuma lokaci-lokaci kawai suke shiryawa.
- A cikin storks, da sternum yana da sifar murabba'i, a cikin herons, sternum yana da tsawo.
- Kayan kurji ba su bar ciyawar don hawa bishiyoyi ba. Ronanannun herons, akasin haka, suna motsawa sosai daga reshe zuwa reshe, ta amfani da kafafu, beaks da fikafikan da ba a taɓa ji ba.
- Herons ba sa shirya mazauna a kan tsawan dutse da kankara, ba kamar ɓoyayyiya ba.
Grey heron a hannun hagu, baƙar fata a hannun dama. Marubucin hoto a hannun hagu: Barbara Walsh, CC BY 2.0, marubucin hoto a hannun dama: Johann Jaritz, CC BY-SA 3.0 a.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin crano da marmaro?
- Storks da cranes sune wakilan umarni daban-daban. Naman dodo ya kasance bisa tsarin ciconiiformes ne, dangin storks. Cranin shi ne tsuntsu daga tsari na cranes, iyali na cranes.
- Gashin cranes ba su da yawa kamar na storks.
- A cikin girkin cranes akwai softer, fuka-fukai masu tsayi. A cikin storks, sun kasance mafi wuya da gajarta.
- Ranararraki suna yin sautin gurgling kuma suna da ƙarfi. Yawancin masu baƙar fata ba sa da murya (sai dai bangon baƙar fata), ana nuna su ne ta hanyar latsa baki.
- Ana lura da bambance-bambance tsakanin tsuntsaye a cikin abincinsu. Storks suna ciyarwa gaba ɗaya akan ƙananan dabbobi. Cranes, ba kamar ɓoyayyiya ba, galibi ne na herbivorous: suna cin berriesa berriesan itace da tsirrai, tsiro na ganyayyaki da hatsi iri-iri. Cranes suna cin abincin dabbobi kaɗan.
- Cranes zasu zauna kawai a cikin yankunan da ke da matsala. Bugu da ƙari ga tafkuna, storks kuma sun zaɓi sarari na fili, gami da cikin ƙauyuka.
A gefen hagu akwai wani murfi na Amurka, a hannun dama akwai fari mai launin fari. Mawallafin hoto a hannun hagu: Ryan Hagerty / USFWS, Yankin Jama'a, marubucin hoto a hannun dama: dassel, CC0.
- Wasannin tsararraki na kayan maye da kango sun bambanta.
- Storks suna gina mazaunin su a saman ƙasa: akan bishiyoyi, dogayen sanda, rufin gine-gine, duwatsu. Cranes baya zaune akan bishiyoyi, kuma ana shirya filayen a ƙasa. Gidaje na cranes sunada ƙanana.
- Cranes sa 1-2 qwai, storks 3-5 qwai.
- Dukkanin iyayen suna sanya kwai don murɗa, mace kawai don cranes, kuma namiji yana yin aikin kariya.
- Kayan kera sun kirkiro nau'i-nau'i na rayuwa, zama tare koda lokacin tashi cikin garken. Storks na iya ƙirƙirar sabon nau'i-nau'i kowane kakar.
- Lokacin da yake tashi don hunturu, murfi yana layi a cikin weji, storks suna tashi cikin garken hargitsi.
- Masu saukar jirgin sama suna tashi fikafikan su a fili, suna shirin kawai lokacin da suka nutse a kasa. Storks galibi suna amfani da tashin jirgin sama.
- Wasu nau'ikan zola, musamman farar fata, basa tsoron mutane kuma suna rayuwa kusa da su. Cranes suna tsoron mutane kuma sun gwammace su nisance su.
A gefen hagu akwai muryar launin toka, a hannun dama akwai farin tonon silili. Marubucin hoto a hannun hagu: Vyh Pichmann, CC BY-SA 3.0, marubucin hoto a hannun dama: susannp4, CC0.