Binciken kwayoyin ya nuna cewa yau ta wanzu nau'ikan giraffes huɗu, kuma ba ɗaya ba, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yi imani a baya.
Akwai silsila masu yawa da yawa, amma a lokacinmu a dangi akwai wasu jinsuna biyu ne kawai: okapi kuma, a zahiri, raƙumin daji mai tsawo. Ya danganta da ƙyalli mai launi, yawan ƙaho da sauran sifofi, an kasu kashi biyu cikin ƙananan biyan kuɗi na 9-11.
Bayan haka, bincike-binciken halittar dan adam wanda ya fara canza hoto sosai. Marubutan wani labarin da mujallar Biology ta buga yanzu sun bayyana nau'ikan dabbobi guda hudu na wadannan dabbobi lokaci guda.
Shawarwari don rarraba raƙumin daji (Giraffa camelopardalis) cikin jinsuna daban da aka taɓa jin labarinsu: bambance-bambance na waje na wasu alumma suna da yawa. Misali, wasu na iya samun kaho guda uku na shaggy, da sauran biyar. A gefe guda, har zuwa kwanan nan, ba zai yiwu a sami bambance-bambance masu tsananin muhimmanci ba. Kwatanta su da DNA na mitochondrial - kananan guntu daga zuriyar gadojin ana bayar da su sosai ta hanyar layin mata - sun nuna babban kamanni a cikin dukkan raƙuman daji.
Ya ɗauki Axel Janke daga Goethe Frankfurt da abokan aiki shekaru aru-aru don tara samfuran nazarin halittu kusan 190 daga wakilai na dukkanin raƙuman raƙuman daji da kuma kwatanta kwayoyin halittar DNA na nukiliya - don wasunsu an fara wannan aikin ne a karon farko. Ga mamakin masana kimiyyar, binciken kwayoyin ya nuna kasancewar jinsunan rakumi guda hudu, wadanda a hakika basu da wata dabara a cikin daji.
"Gaba ɗaya abin mamaki ne. Rabuwarsu ta faru shekaru miliyan 1-2 da suka gabata - yana da yawa, yana da yawa fiye da yadda kuke tsammani" - Julian Fennessy, abokin haɗin gwiwar Asusun Kare Tsarin Giraffe kuma ɗayan marubutan nazarin
Dangane da sabon bayanan, masanan kimiyya sun gano nau'ikan nau'ikan giraffes huɗu. Masai (G. tippelskirchi) da reticular (G. reticulata) yi daidai da ƙungiyoyi biyu waɗanda a baya aka ɗauki waɗanda ke da tallafi kawai. Kudancin (G. giraffa) da Arewa, ko Nubian (G. camelopardalis) sun hada da biyan kuɗi biyu da uku, bi da bi.
Masai giraffes (Giraffa tippelskirchi)
Giraffes an sake binciken (Giraffa reticulata)
A cewar mujallar Cell Press, akwai karancin rakumiyoyi 8700 da suka rage, kuma kusan mutane 4700 a cikin arewaci.Idan ba da wasu matakan kariya ba, muna fuskantar barazanar rasa wadannan nau'in cikin hanzari, tunda da wuya mu iya sanin su.
Giraffa ta Kudu (Giraffa giraffa), Takaitattun Kudancin Afirka (G. g. Giraffa)
Girgiza ta Arewa (G. camelopardalis), subsan asalin raƙumin daji na Uganda, ko Rothschild giraffe (G. c. Rothschildi)
Girkin Afrika ta yamma - rarar da ba kasafai ake samu ba
Girkin Afrika ta yamma - wani yanki ne na raƙumin raƙuman ruwa, waɗannan dabbobin, akwai kusan mutane 200, saboda haka yanzu an yi barazanar lalata jinsin.
Yankunan rarraba raƙuman yammacin Afirka ƙanana ne, kuma a yau ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a Nijar.
Giraffa Afirka ta yamma (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta).
Bayyanar Giraffe Na Yammacin Afirka
Maza wani gyada mai Afrika ta Kudu na iya kaiwa tsayin mita 5.5-6, tare da sananniyar wuyan raƙumin masara tana da sulusin tsayi. Girman waɗannan manyan dabbobi yakai daga kilo 900 zuwa 1200. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ƙasa da maza masu nauyi da nauyi.
Wuya na raƙuman yammacin Afirka ba sabon abu bane - yana da tsawo, kuma wannan duk da cewa yana ƙunshe da vertebrae bakwai kawai, kamar dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
. Girgizar Afirka ta yamma tana cikin haɗari.
Sakamakon haɓakar haɓaka, nauyin da ke kan jijiyar jini yana ƙaruwa, wanda yake gaskiya ne musamman don samar da jini a cikin mahaifa, saboda haka zuciyar raƙumi tana da ƙarfi musamman. Wannan jikin yana wuce kimanin lita 60 na jini a minti daya, yana nauyin kilo 12. Matsin giyar gwal ta Afirka ta Yamma ya ninka na mutum sau uku. Koyaya, dabbar ba zata iya jure nauyinta ba ta hanyar rage girmanta da ɗaga kai.
Bugu da kari, rakumin yammacin Afirka na da dogon magana, mai duhu, mai magana da tsoka, wanda dabbar zata iya tallata rassa 45 da rassa.
Tsarin rigan alƙalin rayuwar Afirka ta Yamma ya ƙunshi wurare masu duhu waɗanda aka samo asali daga fagen walƙiya, kuma kowane ɗayan shi akayi daban-daban. Bodyarancin jiki yana da wuta, a wasu wuraren babu tabo. A kan kai, mace da namiji suna da ƙaho biyu wacce aka rufe da ulu.
Idanu baƙi ne, masu ɗaurewar gashin ido, kunnuwa kaɗan ne. Giraffes suna da impeccable gani na gani, ji da wari wari, godiya ga wanda suka lura da hadari a gaba. Kyakkyawan bayyani game da yankin yana ba da, ba shakka, ci gaba mai yawa.
Yawan giwar raƙuman yammacin Afirka bai wuce dabbobi 175 ba.
Tsarin Giraffe na Afirka ta Yamma
Rayuwa da al'adun raƙumomin Afirka ta Yamma ba su da bambanci da na raƙuman daji. Kasancewa marasa galihu marasa galihu, waɗanda suke haɗe da dogon lokaci suna ciyarwa, suna shayar da 'ya'yansu, kamar sauran raƙuman daji.
Koyaya, raƙuman yammacin Afirka suna gudu da sauri, kuma idan ya cancanta, saurinsu ya kai kilomita 65 / h. Koyaya, an tantance artiodactyls duk da haka yafi son kwanciyar hankali mara kyau “tafiya”, yana motsawa a lokaci guda tare da kafafu biyu na dama, sannan tare da hagu. Saboda girman nauyi da kafafu na bakin ciki, dabbar za ta iya motsawa ne a kan wani maɗaukakiya mai ƙarfi. Abin takaici, raƙuman daji har ma sun san tsalle-tsalle, duk da irin jinkirin.
Giraffes dabbobi ne masu tsire-tsire.
Giraffe na Yammacin Afirka da Mutum
'Yan Afirka sun daɗe suna farautar raƙumomin Yammacin Afirka, suna lalata manyan ramuka, suna fallasa tarkuna.
An yi amfani da dogon zangon giraffen don yin bakan gizo da kiɗa na kayan kida.
Daga konkoma karuwa, sun sanya tufafi waɗanda alama ce ta babban matsayi. Naman waɗannan dabbobin yana da tauri, amma an ci shi a. An yi sa'a, farautar kabilun Afirka don raƙumomin Yammacin Afirka bai kai girma mai yawa ba, kuma ba a taɓa sa yawan adadin wannan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ba.
A yau, an rarraba dabbar kawai a Nijar.
Zuwan farin baƙi ya haifar da mummunan halin wannan yanayin, tun lokacin da aka fara neman ɓarnar da aka dosa da ita an yi shi ne domin nishaɗi. A yau, raƙuman yammacin Afirka ba dabbobi bane, amma ana ɗaukar matakan kare da kiyaye waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.