Halin da ducks daji Krokhal ya yadu a cikin Rasha da CIS. Girman girma, nauyi mai kyau da launi mai ban sha'awa na mutane yana jan hankalin mafarautan Yankin Altai Territory, Urals, Chita da Irkutsk. Wadannan tsuntsayen daji na musamman suna motsawa zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi don hunturu; lokaci-lokaci zaka iya ganinsu a Tekun Azov. Menene ya shahara sosai ga wakilan yankin tsakiyar yankin Eurasian kuma me yasa aka fara shigar da wasu farashi a cikin Littafin Rubutu?
Duck Merganser
Bayanin da fasali
Akwai wakilai da yawa na nau'ikan, mergansers daban-daban suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Abubuwan haɗin haɗin gwiwa sune halaye na halitta, abubuwan ƙarawa na abinci, yanayin ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa. Dukkanin abubuwanda ake amfani dasu na halittar ruwa na ruwa sun bada haske:
- beak mai dogon elong, wanda girmansa ya wuce matsakaici tsakanin dangi - har zuwa cm 50. Don yawancin mergansers, yana da sifa irin sifa, an sanye shi da ƙugiya kamar ƙusa a ƙarshe,
- Dogon wuya,
- crest kan shugaban gashin fuka-fukai, aka kafa su ta wata hanya ta musamman,
- siffar jiki,
- farar fuka-fuki
- gajeren wutsiya
- gajerun kafafu, yatsun baya da aka haɗa da katon fata mai fata.
Girman duck ya bambanta a cikin jinsin iri daban-daban. Akwai nau'ikan mutane waɗanda adadinsu bai wuce kilogiram 0.7 ba, amma mafi yawan lokuta suna kama da ƙananan geese, waɗanda nauyinsu shine 1.5-2 kg. Babban girman yana jan hankalin mafarauta game da kamun kifi tare da bankunan kogi. Fuskokin wasu mutane sun kai mita, tsawon ginin kuma 60-65 cm.
Tsarin baki a cikin tsuntsaye iri daban-daban daban suke. Merganser, a cikin abincin da yafi abinci abinci, yana da faranti na musamman waɗanda ke tace abinci. Abubuwan da ke tattare da duwatsun da ke ciyar da kifi a kan kifi suna sanye take da ingantattun faranti a cikin ƙananan hakora tare da gefan baki don riƙewa, yankan ganima.
Muhimmin fasali na tsuntsaye shine abin da ake kira "madubi" - wani farin wuri a kowane reshen dutsen dutsen. A cikin jirgin sama, bayyane bayyane a kan tushen launin toka na rudi. Beak na Mergansers mai haske ja. Kyau mai ban mamaki na rushewa ya kai matsayin magana mafi girma a cikin bazara, tare da farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.
Shugaban merganser ya zama baki baki daya, saman wuya yana da alamar farin kore. Baya daga wuyansa zuwa wutsiya yana canza launi mai duhu zuwa inuwa mai haske mai launin toka. Partashin cikin duck yana da fari, wani lokacin tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.
Mace merganser ya ɗan bambanta da drakes a cikin launi na rudi, zaku iya lura da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-baki, baya na sautin mai haske. A lokacin rani da damina, hasken launuka a cikin kayan duck ya ɓace, gurgun ya zama maras nauyi, mara nauyi, yana dacewa da damana da lokacin sanyi.
Yawancin lokaci ana kiyaye Mergansers cikin nau'i-nau'i, wanda aka haɗe zuwa kananan kungiyoyi. Ta hanyar yin hunturu da garken da yawa ne kawai ake kafawa, gami da tsuntsaye dubu da yawa. Lokacin sanyi da tsuntsaye suke ciyarwa gwargwadon yanayin damina.
Suna wanzuwa lokacin hunturu a yankuna tare da ruwan ruwa na kankara, suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi, wani lokacin kuma suna faruwa a bakin Tekun Azov. Don tsira, an rusa su cikin manyan garken. Mergansers suna yawo cikin ƙasa kamar yadda ake ganin “duck”, suna canzawa daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan. A cikin ruwa da jirgin sama, suna da kwarin gwiwa da kuma 'yanci, kyawawan iyo masu iyo da kuma tashi sama.
Fasali da kuma mazaunin duck merganser
Merganser – duck, cikakke kuma masani ga kowane mafarauci na Turai. A hoto merganser sau da yawa kamannin disheveled. Wannan saboda tsuntsu kyakkyawar mai ruwa ne, ya fi son nutsewa kuma yana yin ta kusan kullun, zuwa zurfin mita 2 zuwa 4, ba tare da la'akari da ko merganser na bukatar kifi ba a yanzu ko a'a.
Siffofin waɗannan ducks sun haɗa da baki - mai tsayi, mai haske, silin, ƙanƙan da ɗan ƙanƙan gaba har zuwa haƙoran haƙora a cikin gefan ciki, taimaka wa tsuntsaye su kama kifi.
Hakanan suna da jiki mai kyau na tsawon lokaci, a matsakaita har zuwa 57-59 cm tsayi da wuya wuyansa. Tsuntsayen wadannan duwatsun na iya kaiwa cm 70-88, kuma nauyinsu ya kai gram 1200 zuwa 2480, wanda ya sanya tsuntsayen daya daga cikin shahararrun kayan don farauta.
Amma game da launin ruwan damisa, mace, kamar sauran tsuntsayen, sunada kananun kuma masu kashewa, suna da launin toka ba tare da alamun launin fari ba sosai. Amma kwalliya ta bambanta, suna ba da gashin fuka-fukan gashin kore, kai mai fararen fata, fararen fata a fuka-fukan da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-baki mai launin shuɗi a bango, kuma a wasu nau'in kuma akwai farin makogwaro da goiter.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, har ma da ruwa a koyaushe, suna da wuya a rasa bisa ruwa. Rayuwa ducks roared, galibi a cikin ruwan tafkuna, inda aka yi yawancinsu Hoto, amma kuma ba sassauƙa ba don daidaitawa a cikin kogi tare da karamin halin yanzu, kuma wasu suna kwantar da hankali a cikin hanyoyin ruwan teku, idan ba su da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi.
Kuna iya haɗuwa da wannan tsuntsu a kowane kusurwar duniyar, a cikin kowane yanki da yanayi, kuma a wasu ƙasashe, misali, Japan, farautar merganser an dakatar da su a ƙarshen karni na 19, kuma an kiyaye tsuntsayen kansu da daɗewa kafin karɓar ƙanƙan su a duk duniya.
Hali da rayuwar duck merganser
Merganser – tsuntsu ƙaura, mazaunin waɗannan ducks sun rufe duk wuraren daji tare da koguna da tabkuna a tsakiyar layi. Farawa daga Yammacin Turai kuma sun ƙare tare da Himalayas da Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma a nan suna ciyar da hunturu a gefen tekun Atlantika, tekun Pacific, a kudu na China, a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, duk inda akwai zafi da inda kifi yake.
A cikin bazara, tsuntsaye sukan tashi tsakanin farkon, a zahiri nan da nan, da zaran tsutsotsi sun fara, wato, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Yuni. Amma game da yanayin tsuntsayen, suna da mahimmanci, ducks na iyali, sun isa su iya jingine abin da ba ya da girma wanda ya yanke shawarar cin ƙwayayensu ko ƙananan kajin. Fitowar kaka zuwa lokacin hunturu yana farawa, tare da daskarewa ruwa, shine, a ƙarshen Oktoba ko Nuwamba.
Duck Merganser
Merganser - duck yana cin naman dabbobi ne kawai, yana rayuwa ne akan abinda yake samu wa kansa akan kamun kifi. Abincin waɗannan tsuntsayen ya dogara da kifi, kuma suna iya jure kifaye sau 17-20 cm.
Ducks kuma basu taɓa yin watsi da mollusks, crustaceans har ma da kwari ba. Yayin hijirar wadannan tsuntsaye, a lokacin tsayawa, sau da yawa zaka iya lura da kamun kifin na su baki daya.
Ganin yana da ban sha'awa - garken, hade daga makarantu daban-daban, cikin duwatsun ɗarurruwa, masu iyo kamar ruwa a cikin ɗayan jirage, kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, duk tsuntsayen sun yi nutsuwa a lokaci guda. Kuma a wancan lokacin seagulls suna zagaye cikin sararin sama, kamar dai taimako daga iska ne da sauri ya kama kifi daga saman, wanda hakan yake tsoratar da duwatsun.
Maganganun duck Merganser
Akwai wasu matsaloli game da rarrabuwar waɗannan ducks ɗin a ƙarshen karni na 20, kuma an sanya nau'ikan biyu, Loot da Crested na Amurka ga wasu iyalai. Don haka, daga cikin nau'ikan merganser guda bakwai, guda biyar ne suka rage, ɗayan - Auckland - ba a taɓa haɗuwa ba tun daga 1902 kuma ana ɗaukar shi rasuwa bisa hukuma. Haka kuma, nau'ikan hudu ne suka rage. merganserwanda aka rubuta a ciki Littafin jan.
- Merganser
Wannan shine mafi girman wakilcin waɗannan ducks, mai kama da ƙaramin ɗan goyo. Drakes suna da launin launi mai haske, kuma ana tilasta su tare da farin dusar ƙanƙara da wutsiya. Yankin da ke zaune kusa da shi ya mamaye dukkan tsakiyar tsakiya, a gabas da yamma, guguwar tsuntsaye a cikin latitude kudu, amma a wasu yankuna na Tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin tafkunan ƙananan tuddai na Himalayan da kuma tafkunan California, manyan mergansers suna zaune, ba sa tashi.
Hoton babban merganser
- Scaly Merganser
Wannan shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyawun jinsin duka dangin wadannan duwatsun. Rabin tolarsa kamar zane ne da yadin da aka saka, ko sikeli. Saboda wannan fasalin bayyanar ne, duck ɗin ya sami sunan ta.
Wadannan kyawawan kyawawan halaye suna rayuwa ne kawai a Gabas, ana yin farauta a Gabas ta Tsakiya a Rasha da kuma yankuna na arewa maso gabashin China, a arewacin Japan, kuma suna tashi zuwa hunturu a cikin ruwan dumi na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Mafi saurin raguwa da kariya ga duk adadin jama'ar mergansers. Raguwar adadin wadannan tsuntsayen na faruwa ne sakamakon gurɓatar jikin ruwa, lalatawar dabbobi, wanda hakan ya keta tsarin muhalli da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam.
Duck flake merganser
- Merganser
Ko, matsakaita merganser. Mafi mashahuri da kuma shahararrun jinsunan wadannan ducks. Tsuntsayen hakika matsakaita ne, nauyinsa yakai kilo daya da rabi, kuma tsawonsa ya banbanta tsakanin 48-58 cm.Amma cloves din wadannan duwatsun nada yawa - 18-20, sabanin babban merganser, wanda yake da hakora 12-16 kawai. Wannan saboda gashin matsakaicin matsakaici ne ya fi tsayi.
A inda ake samun wadannan tsuntsayen ana iya samunsu ko'ina, tun daga tundra har zuwa gandun dajin, a duk sassan biyu. Fiye da haka, suna tashi zuwa ɗakunan ramuka mai zafi na arewa na yankuna masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, amma a kan iyakar reservoirs a Yammacin Turai, ciki har da Biritaniya, suna rayuwa shekara-shekara, suna zaune.
Lokacin da masu fasahar zane-zane na zamanin tsakiya, da kuma wani lokaci daga baya, alal misali, karni na 19, wadanda aka nuna wuraren farautar duck - waɗannan su ne yanayin farauta musamman don mutanen da ke da dogon zango. A yau ba za ku iya farautar waɗannan tsuntsaye ba.
Merganser mai dogon hanci tare da Chicks
- Merganser dan kasar Brazil
Smallanana kaɗan da ƙarancin nau'ikan. Yana zaune gaba ɗaya a cikin Yammacin Hemisphere, idan ana so kuma haƙurin waɗannan duwatsun ana iya gani a jikin ruwan Paraguay, Brazil da Argentina.
Gwargwadon masanan masana kimiyya sun san, yawan jama'a ba su wuce tsuntsaye 300-350 ba, an yi masu 250 daga cikinsu, kuma 200 na zaune na dindindin a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na Sierra da Canastra a Brazil. An ci gaba da sarrafa lamba da rayuwar waɗannan ducks tun daga 2013.
Karamin mafi girman duka - nauyin tsuntsu daga 550 zuwa gram 700, tsayi yayi daidai da nauyi. Baya ga girman, wannan nau'in an bambanta shi da ƙaunar tafiya akan ƙasa, waɗannan ducks suna rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i, kuma sun fi son zama a cikin rami mai faɗi na bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Koyaya, suna ciyarwa kamar yadda danginsu, kawai cewa suna samun kansu kamun kifi.
Hoton tsuntsaye na kasar Brazil Merganser
Asalin gani da kwatancin
HOTO: Duhun Merganser
Kyakkyawan duck daji Merganser an san shi ba kawai don kyalli mai haske da sabon abu ba, har ma saboda girmanta mai ban sha'awa. Amfanin wadannan tsuntsayen na iya kaiwa kilo biyu. Yawancin nauyin aiki mafi karfi yana faruwa a cikin faduwa. Mergansers sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. A cikin hunturu, sun fi so su ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe tare da yanayin dumama. Koyaya, galibi a cikin lokutan hunturu ana lura da su a Kamchatka, a cikin Primorye da kuma gabar Tekun Azov.
Bidiyo: Duck Merganser
Ducks Merganser ya kasance cikin tsarin Anseriformes, ƙaramar ƙananan ducks na ainihi. Suna cikin gidan ducks kuma sun rarrabe a ciki zuwa wani daban na al'adun mergansers. Dalilin da ya haifar da wani nau'in halittar wata halitta shine kasancewar yawancin abubuwa masu kama da juna tsakanin jinsunan merganser. Dukkansu suna da fasalullukai na dabi'a iri ɗaya, salon rayuwa iri ɗaya, halayen kama ɗaya da abubuwan zaɓi na abinci.
Daga cikin abubuwanda ake amfani dasu na hade da juna sune:
- dogo, kunkuntar da lanƙwasa zuwa saman baki. A samansa, zaku iya lura da ƙaramin haɓakar jaraba. Kuma maimakon daidaitattun duck faranti a kan baki (don tattara abincin shuka), waɗannan ducks suna da hakora mai kaifi. An samo su a gefuna kuma an tsara su don sauƙaƙe cin kifi,
- wuyan wuyansa, jiki. Irin wannan alamar tana sa su yi kama sosai da loons, grebes,
- mafi yawan kifi a cikin abinci. Da wuya masu sihiri su ci abincin shuka,
- kyakkyawan yanayin ruwa mai kyau.
Rarraba duwans na merganser ya canza sau da yawa cikin tsawon lokacin.
Zuwa yau, al'ada ce a rarrabe nau'ikan mergansers:
- scaly. Wannan shine mafi tsohuwar nau'in halitta. Rabin jikin wannan tsuntsu mai gashin tsuntsu yana kama da zane mai sikeli. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne kawai a gabas,
- babba. Babban wakilan mergansers ne. Sau da yawa suna rikitar da shi da Goose. Babban merganser ya fi girma a gabas da yamma,
- dogon-hanci. Girman wannan dabbar yana da kilogram daya da rabi, tsayin daka bai wuce santimita ɗari takwas da takwas ba. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan gama gari kuma ana samun shi ko'ina cikin mazaunin mergansers,
- Harshen Brazil Yawancin rarest - lambar bata wuce mutum ɗari uku da hamsin ba. Yanki kawai a yamma.
Duwyan_ya_din_box _-_ kopiya.jpg
An rataye rami na farko a cikin 2000 kuma har ya zuwa 2003 sun yi amfani da aikin gina bututun gini (bututun nan "). Tun daga 2003, sun sanya ƙawanya masu girman cm cm-cm-65, tun daga 2008 sun faɗaɗa kwalaye zuwa 85-90 cm, kuma daga 2012 sun fara amfani da kwalaye masu tsawo tare da ƙarin buɗewar gefen da aka tsara don mace ta fita idan maharbi ya ratsa ta babban letok. A cikin duka, an rataye rami 253 na nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban, tsawon lokacin m ba ya wuce shekaru 14 na akwatunan kuma shekaru 8 na bututu.
Har zuwa 2014, wani mai sa ido ya hau kan bishiya yayin da yake duba gidan tsuntsu kuma, a saboda haka, ya firgita tsuntsu mai kyan gani. Tun daga 2014, sun fara yin amfani da amfani da kyamarar bidiyo don bincika ramuka, wanda yanayin mahaifiyar hen ba ta bar mazaunin ba.
An fara amfani da kwarewar jawo hankalin scaly merganser zuwa nests artificial (hollows) a cikin NP Lazovsky Reserve Kolomiytsev, wanda a lokacin daga 1981 zuwa 1985 ya rataye rami kusan 60 a cikin kogin. Kievka. Wannan marubucin ma ya ba da shawarar ƙirar gidan mafi kyau duka don flake merganser, abin da ake kira Sowallon kafa ", an inganta shi daga baya. Hollows ya ja hankalin scgan mergansers ne kawai a kan koguna tare da sare dazuzzuka kurji tare da bankunan; a cikin marassa katako da ambaliyar ruwa, mergansers (kamar sauran dabbobi) ba su da gida a cikin hollows, mai yiwuwa fi son da yawa hollows na halitta.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Abin da duck merganser yayi kama
Bayyanar ducks na mergansers ya dogara da nau'ikan su. Koyaya, tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan akwai nau'ikan abubuwa masu yawa na asali da na waje. Don haka, duk mergansers an bambanta shi ta hanyar girma mai ban sha'awa. Tsawonsu shine, a matsakaita, kimanin santimita sittin. Amfanin irin waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya kaiwa kilo biyu. Fuka-fukan da merganser ya wuce santimita tamanin. Koyaya, waɗannan alamomi ne na matsakaita, saboda a cikin yanayi akwai mutane ƙarancin girma.
Hakanan alamar alama na mergansers kunkuntar ce kuma dogayen baki ce, wacce aka tanada a karshen. A tarnaƙi irin wannan baki akwai ƙananan hakora. Suna taimakawa dabbar ta kama kuma ta ci kifi. Wadannan ducks suna da dogon wuya, wanda ba halayyar wasu membobin dangi bane. Kafafuwan mergansers sun fi gajere, suna da fatar fata mai fadi. Wutsiya zagaye ce, gajere. An nuna fuka-fuki a siffar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar sauran ducks ba, da wuya a ci abinci. Naman waɗannan ducks na daji na iya kamuwa da cutar kwaɗo, tana da wari mara dadi. Tekin din yana iya yin girma a jikin mutum har zuwa mita masu yawa.
Babban fasalin halayyar mergansers wani launi ne mai ban mamaki na gashin fuka-fukan. Dukkanin jinsunan wadannan duwatsun ana fentin su a cikin hadewar launuka daban-daban. Don haka, ana fentin babban merganser cikin launin baƙi, launin toka mai duhu, launuka masu launin ruwan hoda. Ana yin zane mai ban mamaki a launin ruwan kasa-zaitun, ja ko launin shuɗi-shudi. A bayan wannan dabbar an yi masa ado da launin toka da fari, waɗanda suke matukar misaltawa da sikeli. Merganser dan kasar Brazil yana da baki mai haske, baki mai launi da baki, da fari mai launin shuɗi-baki da ciki mai haske.
A ina duck merganser yake zaune?
HOTO: Duka Merganser a Rasha
Ana ɗauka cewa duhun Merganser tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi son salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Don rayuwa, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓan yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi mai kyau da dumama. A lokacin rani, suna zaune a gabashin Eurasi, a yankin sa na tsakiya. Mergansers sun bayyana a can a farkon bazara.Kusan koyaushe sun isa farkon farko, da zaran titin ya ɗan yi ɗumi. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna barin mazauninsu na ƙarshe na ƙarshe - lokacin da yanayin sanyi mai kaifi ya zo kuma dukkan jikin ruwan yayi sanyi.
Kasuwanci suna ƙaunar zaɓar wuraren daji don farauta. Amma lokaci-lokaci ana iya samun mazaunin su a yankunan bakin teku har ma a cikin tsaunuka. Irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen mazauna suna da alaƙa da kasancewar jinsin mutane da yawa da kuma tushen merganser. Babban mahimman bayanai yayin zabar wurin don waɗannan tsuntsaye shine kasancewar ruwa kusa da tushen abinci tare da abinci mai dacewa. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna cin kifi. Gabanin mazaunin duwatsun merganser yana da faɗi sosai, wanda yake da alaƙa da kasancewar nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban daban.
Ya hada da:
- Kasar China. Sai kawai wuraren da akwai kifaye da yawa,
- gabas da yamma hemispheres, Asiya ta Tsakiya, tafkunan California, tsaunukan Himalayan. Babban wakilin ducks, babban merganser, yana zaune a cikin yankuna nan. A lokaci guda, a wasu wuraren masu mergansers sun zauna,
- Gabashin gabashin Rasha, Arewacin Japan, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wannan ita ce wurin rayuwa ta schal mergansers,
- bakin Yammacin Turai, UK. Anan akwai nau'in halittu mai rufa-rufa,
- jikin ruwan Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil. Wannan yanki yana zaune ne da jinsin masu rajin mulganser - Burtaniya.
Yanzu kun san inda duhun merganser ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan tsuntsu ya ci.
Edible ko a'a?
Edible duck nama. Saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsu ya ci kifi, yana da ƙarancin kamshin kifi, mai duhu a launi. Wasu mafarautan sun yi imani cewa ba ma'anar hankali ba ne don farautar wannan tsuntsu na daji. Idan ka cire fata mai kauri mai kauri, to, babu wani babban gawa mai naman da zai bayyana a ƙarƙashinsa. Naman Merganser yana da tsauri, amma domin a sami kyakkyawan dandano, zai fi kyau a dafa shi tare da naman wani tsuntsu. Amma wannan shine ra'ayin wasu mafarauta.
Me duck merganser yake ci?
Hoto: Duck na daji Merganser
Idan akasarin nau'ikan ducks suna cin abincin shuka ko kuma suna da abinci mai hade, to, mergansers suna cin abincin dabbobi ne kawai. Suna ciyar da abin da suka samo yayin kamun kifi. Wannan nau'in daskararre zai iya jimre kifin, tsawon sa wanda ya kai santimita ashirin. Suna da dabara ta hanyar amfani da baki, suna da kyau kwarai. Tsarin kamun kifi yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Da farko, duwatsun suna sauke kawunansu karkashin ruwa, suna neman kifin da ya dace. Sannan su hanzarta nutsar, su kama kifin da gemun su. Mergansers suna jin daɗin ƙarancin ruwa. Suna iya motsawa da sauri zuwa can, suna yin kaifi mai kaifi.
A lokacin rani, ducks na iya farauta shi kadai, kuma yayin ƙaura yawanci sukan fita zuwa kamun kifi na gama gari. Wannan kyakkyawar gani ce. Tsuntsaye sun yi layi a cikin layi ɗaya kuma a lokaci guda suna narkar da ganima. Irin wannan kamun kifi na iya tara adadin ducks da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kasancewar abinci shine babban ma'aunin zabar mazaunin mazauni. Mergansers ba za su tashi zuwa wuraren da ke cikin yankin kudu maso gabas ba don lokacin hunturu, sai dai idan an rufe jikkunan ruwa tare da daskararren kankara a matattarar su kuma suna iya kamun kifi.
Tushen abincin abincin mergansers na daji, kamar yadda muka gabata, kifi ne. Ducks ganima a kan maƙiyinai, dutsin ruwa, pikes, kifi, karnuka. Waɗannan kifayen suna zama ganima ga manya da manya. Merarancin mergansers suna cin ƙananan kifi. Hakanan mergansers basa raina sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa. Suna cin kifin kifaye, ƙananan ɓawon burodi, kwari iri-iri, da tsutsotsi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
HOTO: Duhun Merganser a yanayi
Yawancin jinsunan merganser suna jagorantar rayuwar ƙaura. A cikin bazara da bazara, suna zaune a wuraren farauta, waɗanda galibi suna cikin tsakiyar Turai, kuma suna tashi zuwa yankuna na kudanci a cikin hunturu. Koyaya, don hunturu, tsuntsaye suna tashi ne kawai a tsakiya ko a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da jikkunan ruwa suka fara zama kankara. Suma sun iso da wuri. A wasu wurare na mazauninsu na asali, ana iya ganin su a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Zuwa kudu, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna tashi cikin babban garken, kuma suna dawowa cikin ƙaramin rukuni, yawan adadin mutane wanda ba su wuce ashirin.
Zuwa wurin sanya ducks ducks mergansed sa a gaba da yawan bukatun. Sun fi son gina "gidajen" su a cikin tsaunuka ko cikin gandun daji, nesa da mutane. Amma a wasu lokutan ana iya samun mazaunin waɗannan tsuntsayen a wasu shimfidar wurare. Wani muhimmin abin buƙata shine kasancewar wani tafki ko rafi kusa da ruwa mai tsabta da kifaye masu yawa. Wannan yana da matuƙar mahimmanci, saboda ducks suna cin kusan duk tsawon rayuwar su a saman ruwa. A can suke hutawa, bashine a rana da farautar kifi, wanda shine tushen abincin yau da kullun.
Ta hanyar dabi'a, waɗannan ducks ɗin ba su bambanta da yanayi mai kwalliya da kyau. Su tsuntsaye ne masu matukar wahala, da wuya su yi hulɗa da wasu dabbobi da mutane. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa waɗannan tsuntsayen namun daji suna ta ƙoƙarin su hora, suna ciyar da su abinci. Merganser duck - dangi. Ta kwashe lokaci mai yawa tare da zuriyarta, suna kulawa da shi sosai. Game da haɗari, tsuntsu zai iya sauƙaƙe mai laifin, wanda ya yanke shawarar cin ɗan dabbobin ko kuma sanya ƙwai.
Kiwo da kuma duck duck
Mergansers, ducks iyali, ma'aurata suna tasowa yayin isa ga balaga. Shigo cikin kimanin shekaru 1.5-2.5 kuma don rayuwa. Don ƙirƙirar nau'in nasu, sun birkice, ba shakka.
Suna gina gida - a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, a cikin zurfin bishiyoyi, a cikin duniyoyi ko a cikin abubuwan da mutane suka jefa, alal misali, a cikin jirgin ruwan da ba a gama rufe shi ba ko ragowar abin hawa daga mota. Gida koyaushe yana rufe ƙasa kuma yana zaune ba tare da wani nisan mil ɗaya daga tafki ba.
Ducks suna kwance daga 6 zuwa 18 qwai, kuma kyankyasar su daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 40. Mata kawai ke yin wannan, zazzagewa a wannan lokacin suna rayuwa daban kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, tsananin motsin su na faruwa a wannan lokacin.
A cikin hoto akwai gida na itacen mai rarrafe
Kajin sun fara fitsari, suna kwana 2 zuwa 3 a cikin gida, bayan haka sukan tafi tare da mace zuwa ruwa kuma suka fara iyo a rayuwarsu ta farko, lokacin da suke kokarin nutsuwa. Kifi na kamun kifi na dabbobi masu kiba yakan faru idan sun cika kwanaki 10-12.
Daga lokacin da ducklings ke barin gida har zuwa farkon jirgin su, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 55 zuwa 65, wani lokacin ma ya fi tsayi. Haka kuma, a cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune, an tsawaita wannan lokacin kuma yana daga kwanaki 70 zuwa 80, kuma a cikin wasu ƙaura wani lokaci ana rage shi zuwa kwanaki 50. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, masu haɗari sun rayu tsawon shekaru 12-15, amma kuma ga tsuntsayen da ke jagorancin yanayin rayuwa, shekarunsu na iya kai shekaru 16 zuwa 17.
Littattafai
- C. Carboneras 1992. Anatidae Iyali (Ducks, Geese da Swans) a cikin del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds.
Fitowa 1. // Jagora ga tsuntsayen duniya = Jagorar tsuntsayen duniya. - Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1992 .-- S. 626. - ISBN 84-96553-42-6. - Richard M. DeGraaf, Mariko Yamasaki.
Sabuwar dabbobin daji ta Ingila: mazauni, tarihin halitta, da rarrabawa. - UPNE, 2000 .-- S. 108. - 496 p. - ISBN 0874519578. - John Gooders, Trevor Boyer.
Ducks na Biritaniya da Hemisphere na Arewa. - London: Collins & Brown, 1997 .-- S. 163-165. - ISBN 1855855704. (Turanci) - Derek A. Scott, Paul M. Rose.
Atlas na duck yawan jama'a a Afirka da yammacin Eurasia = Atlas na Anatidae yawan jama'a a Afirka da Western Eurasia. - Wetlands International, 1996 .-- S. 229-232. - 336 p. - ISBN 1 900442 09 4. (Turanci) - G.P. Dementiev, N.A. Gladkov.
Tsuntsayen Tarayyar Soviet. - Ilimin Soviet, 1953. - T. 4. - S. 598-606. - 635 s. - V.I. Lysenko.
Juzu'i 5 - Tsuntsaye. Fitowa 3 - Anseriformes // Fauna na Ukraine. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991. - V.K. Ryabitsev.
Tsuntsayen Urals, Dadin ruwa da yammacin Siberia: Jagora mai yanke shawara. - Yekaterinburg: Buga Gidan Ural. Univ., 2001 .-- S. 88-89. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-7525-0825-8. - L. S. Stepanyan.
Sakamakon jerin gwanon fauna na Rasha da yankuna kusa da su. - Moscow: Littafin Ilmi, 2003 .-- 808 p. - ISBN 5-94628-093-7.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kayan kaji na Merganser
Duck Merganser dabba ce ta iyali. Bayan sun balaga, suna haɗuwa nau'i-nau'i. Ripening yana faruwa kamar shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar haihuwar. Ma'aurata Duck suna kafa sheƙarsu a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, a cikin murɗaɗɗe, a cikin watsi da gine-ginen da ke lalacewa, a cikin ramin bishiyoyi Wani lokacin ana samun nurs na mergansers har a cikin ragowar motocin motocin. Ducks suna zaune a nesa ba tare da nisan mil ɗaya ba daga tafkin domin koyaushe su iya zuwa ruwa su ci abinci da sauri.
Sun murƙushe kwalliyarsu a cikin ruwa. Haske shida zuwa goma sha takwas ake kwanciya a ciki. Ducks dole kyankyasar ƙwai don kwanaki arba'in. A yi shi kawai mata. A wannan lokacin, maza suna zaune daban tare da danginsu. Wannan lokacin shine lokacin da suke zubewa. Matar ba ta barin mazaunin. Kawai don farauta da cin abinci. Ragowar lokacin da zai sanya kajin ta na gaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin daji, mergansers zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar. Yankunan da ke jagorantar ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa suna rayuwa - kusan shekaru goma sha bakwai.
Chicky ƙyanƙyashe ƙasa. Suna haɓaka da sauri. Sun ɗan yi kwanaki kaɗan a cikin gida, bayan wannan sai suka bi mahaifiyarsu zuwa ruwa. Tuni a rana ta huɗu ko ta biyar bayan haihuwa, ɗalibai masu mayu biyu suna yin iyorsu ta farko. A rana ta sha biyu, ducklings zai iya fara kamun kifi mai zaman kansa. Suna nema da kama ƙananan kifaye, soya. Don koyon tashi, ducklings suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci. Yawancin lokaci, kimanin kwanaki sittin da biyar kafin su tashi zuwa jirgin farko.
Abokan gaba na abokan gaban duwatsun merganser
HOTO: Duhun Merganser
Duhun Merganser ba sauki bane ga makiya na halitta. Tana da manyan girma, kaifi mai kaifi, hakora mai kaifi. Ta sami ikon kiyaye kanta da zuriyarta. Koyaya, duck din ba koyaushe yana iya cin nasara ga abokin gaba.
Daga cikin mafiya hadarin abokan hamayyar mergansers akwai:
- foxes da karnuka karnuka. Waɗannan mafarautan suna ɓatar da gida na tsuntsaye, suna farauta kuma suna cin manya. Suna bin mazaunin mergansers da ƙanshi,
- tsuntsaye masu cin abincin. Babban haɗarin shine crows, shaho, manyan gulls, gaggafa, mujiya muji, magpies. Wadannan dabbobi yawanci kai hari kananan mergansers ko ducklings,
- otters, minks, martens, kuliyoyin daji. Wadannan masu hasashen ba su da yiwuwar kashe masu mergansers, saboda a gare su, duck na kilo biyu sau yakan zama yana da ƙarfi,
- wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan dabbobi galibi suna cin ƙwai da ƙananan dabbobi, yayin da mahaifiyarsu take tafiya zuwa tafki.
Wasu nau'ikan ducks suna mutuwa daga manyan kifi. Da wuya abokan hamayyar su kawo irin wadannan mahangan. Wannan nau'in duck ya fi shafar mutane. Har yanzu mutane suna farautar mergansers daji kuma suna kashe su da adadi mai yawa. Kusan kowane maharbi mafarki na irin wannan ganima, saboda duck merganser yana da kyau sosai. Irin wannan farauta ya haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan jama'ar merganser a ko'ina cikin yanayin rayuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Abin da duck merganser yayi kama
Duhun Merganser shine nau'in halitta mai saurin faruwa. Duk da kwanciyar hankali na yawan jama'a, yawancin jinsunan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cikin haɗari. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, an amince duck ɗin da cewa yana cikin haɗari, an jera shi cikin Littafin Red.
Mecece dalilin lalacewar jinsunan? Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu da sauran masana kimiyya suna gano dalilai da yawa waɗanda basu da tasiri ga adadin masu maye.
- harbi da ba a sarrafa shi ba daga mafarauta. Duk da ban da kare wadannan tsuntsayen, har yanzu ana ci gaba da harbin mahaɗan. Wadannan suna haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin adadin dabbobi,
- gurbata ruwa. Na tsawon rai, merganser na buƙatar tsaftataccen ruwa, kifi. Jikin ruwa a yawancin ƙasashe suna ƙazanta sosai, abinci ga ducks yana raguwa. Ingancin abinci ma yana wahala, wanda hakan ke cutar lafiyar tsuntsaye
- gandun daji. Yawancin jinsunan merganser suna zaune a cikin gandun daji kusa da tafkuna. Ciyawar dabbobi da ke hana tsuntsaye girma daga farauta,
- aikin ɗan adam mai aiki. Mutane suna gurɓatar da iska, ƙasa, daɗaɗɗiyar haɓaka dabbobin daji.
Dukkanin abubuwan da aka ambata a sama suna haifar da jinkirin amma tabbas raguwa a yawan adadin masu maye. Hakanan, da yawa daga cikin ducks ɗin nan suke mutuwa yayin jirgin. Ducks, masu jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, mai tsawo.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Yawancin tallafin kuɗi suna ba da damar haɗin gwiwar su ci gaba da kasancewa da mazauni, don jagorantar yanayin rayuwa da ƙaura. Kuna iya saduwa da ducks a Arewacin Amurka, a kan yankin Central, Yammacin Eurasia.
A cikin bazara, mergansers sun isa tare da yanki na farko da aka share, da zaran an kafa farkon tsutsa - a watan Fabrairu, farkon Maris. Gudun ruwa lokacin da tafkunan sun cika da kankara, a ƙarshen Oktoba, Nuwamba. Itacen garken dabbobi daga ɗaruruwan mutane suna buƙatar ƙarfi da jimiri na tsuntsaye. Idan ana kiyaye hunturu da kyau, tafkunan ba su daskarewa, to tsuntsayen ba za su bar wuraren da suke zaune ba.
Duk nau'ikan mergansers suna iyo sosai, nutsewa. Tsuntsaye suna kwana a gabar tafkin don ɓoye cikin ciyawar ƙetare idan akwai haɗari. Suna ciyar da ƙaramin kifi, ruwa bayan shi zuwa zurfin 4 m.
A ƙarƙashin ruwa, ducks na iya ɗaukar mintuna 3, suna iyo fiye da 10. A cikin farauta na yau da kullun, merganser don kama kifi ɗaya ya ɗauki aƙiƙa 15-30. Tsuntsayen suna motsawa cikin sauri, suna yin juyi mai kyau, suna nuna kyakkyawan rawar motsawa.
Yawancin nau'in duck sun gwammace ruwa mai tsafta daga tafkuna da koguna. M tafkunan merganser an zaɓi su don tsabta, yalwar abinci. Tsuntsayen suna buƙatar maɓuɓɓugar shinge na ciyawa, kamar yadda mergansers ke zaɓar tsoffin manyan rami, waɗanda aka watsar da sauran tsuntsayen don kyankyashe.
Lokacin shirya tsuntsaye, sarari yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar hoto ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, saboda haka babban merganser ya zaɓi ya zauna a cikin wurare masu tsayi, ƙafafun ƙafa. Wani nau'in merganser mai kafaɗar nono yana zaune a gefen gabar teku. A cikin tsibirin tsibiri, ana ajiye ducks kusa da wuraren dutse inda zaku iya samun mafaka cikin haɗari.
Haɗa tsuntsayen lokaci suke tashi. Manyan garkunan sun taru, a matsayin mai mulkin, kusa da gawarwakin mutane da dama na mutane. Tsuntsu na Merganser, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka jera su cikin littafin Red na Rasha. Tare da kafaffen adadi na manyan daɗaɗɗun mergansers, an nemi farauta a ko'ina a cikin bazara.
Yadda za a dafa duck merganser?
Daskararre ne ko ba duck merganser? Naman naman wannan tsuntsun bai wuce dandano irin na gida ba. Duk da wannan, wasan ya shahara tsakanin mafarauta. Bayan duk wannan, duck mai gasa shine ɗayan abincin da aka fi so. Yawancin naman naman wannan tsuntsu ana dafa shi a cikin tanda. Ya fi dacewa idan aka gasa ko stewed da kyau. A Sabuwar Shekara da hutun Kirsimeti, an dafa duck a cikin tanda. Idan kuka gasa dukkan tsuntsu, zaku iya shayarwa. Don wannan, apples, lemu, kabeji, 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka bushe sun dace. Dole ne ya kasance mai m abinci.
Don yin burodi, kawai tsuntsu mai ciyarwa ya dace. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogiram 2.5. Merganser ya kai irin wannan nauyin a cikin hunturu. Kafin dafa abinci, gawa ya kamata a wanke shi sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana, gutted, bushe, marinated, salted, grated tare da kayan yaji iri-iri, tafarnuwa ciki da waje, cike da dafaffiyar cika. An yanke gefunan gawa tare da zaren, kuma an rufe saman da man kayan lambu. Ana dafa duke don sa'o'i da yawa, gwargwadon girman tsuntsu. Lissafta kamar haka: 1 kg = minti 45, da minti 25, wanda ya sa ɓawon burodi ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Kafin sanya duck a cikin tanda, kuna buƙatar dumama na ƙarshe.
Idan an dafa gawa, tabbatar da cewa za a yanke jakin - wannan zai adana kwanon daga wari mara dadi. Don ba da taushin nama da juiciness, ana bada shawara don ƙara lemu, prunes, lingonberries zuwa cika. Yayin yin burodi, dole ne a fitar da duck ɗin wasu lokuta kuma a shayar da mai, wanda aka kirkira a cikin tsari.
Abubuwa shida an bambanta su a cikin tsarin 'merganser', hudu daga cikinsu sun zama ruwan dare a Rasha:
- karami, ko sata,
- babba merganser,
- mai dogon hanci (matsakaici),
- scaly.
Akwai ire-iren ire-iren mutanen Brazil da na cakulan suna zaune a Amurka da Brazil. Jinsin Auckland Merganser ya kare. Duck ya zauna a New Zealand har sai an kawo aladu daji da awaki a wurin. A halin yanzu, tsuntsaye ne kawai masu kwalliya za su iya gani a cikin kayan tarihi na gida.
Little Merganser (madauki). Smallaramin girman tsuntsu, mai ƙarancin dangi a girman. Weight ne kawai 50-700 g, mutane masu nauyin 800-900 g ba su da yawa. Adon Bird shine babban abin kama a bayan kai.
Gidajen yanar gizo suna cikin yankin daji na Siberiya, Karelia, Gabas ta Tsakiya, ɓangaren Turai na Rasha. Ducks sun fi son yankuna tare da manyan koguna, tafkuna na ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta.
A cikin hunturu, suna fitowa a gefen Tekun Baƙi da Kankari, a cikin kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, Japan, da China. Tsuntsayen da aka zazzage sun zauna a gefen kankara, cikin ruwa mara kankara.
Kayan da aka dace da maza sun yi al'ajabi tare da haɗuwa da farin farin-ashy mai launi tare da tsarin baƙar fata, ƙyalli mai haske a tarnaƙi. Beak, paws na gubar inuwa. Akwai tabewar baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin idanun. Tufafin matan sun zama furfura mai launin shuɗi tare da hulɗa mai launin shuɗi a kawunansu.
Toxing of kananan mergansers yana farawa a lokacin hunturu, suna tashi zuwa mazaunin dabbobin. Kallo yana zaune a mazaunin sauran sauran tsuntsayen. Kulawa da maza daga duwatsun su ya kasance har sai an sanya kwan kwan ƙarshe, sa theyan nan su tashi zuwa molt. Matan wani lokacin ma ba ƙyamar su suke haifarwa ba, har ma da ƙwai masu haɗarin gogol.
Merganser. Duck a cikin mazauna galibi ana kiran shi cormorant, bison mai jan kunne. A cikin Rasha, ana samun ruwa mai kan ruwa a kan kogunan lebur, koguna masu budewa a Kudancin Urals, Altai, Sakhalin, da Kamchatka.
Ya fi son ruwa mai tsafta, ya guji ƙarancin teku. Sunan nau'in ya jaddada girman girman duck - fiye da 2 kilogiram. Kyakkyawan fasalin maza shine rashin ɗaukar hoto.
Black kai, dutsen wuyansa tare da m ƙarfe tintic tint. Yankunan, ciki, ɓangare na fuka-fuki suna fari. Mace, sabanin zazzagewa, suna da ja. Daga cikin manyan mergansers, uku ana rarrabe su: talakawa, Arewacin Amurka, Himalayan. Na farkon biyun ana samun su a ƙasarmu.
Long-nosed (matsakaici) merganser. A nau'in tsuntsu mai ƙaura wanda kusan ba ya haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Merganser aka bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasashen Turai, a cikin ƙasashen Baltic, a yankin tsibirin Scandinavia.
An samo shi a cikin Rasha a kan iyakar Siberiya, tsibirin Solovetsky, a Karelia, a cikin Urals. Merganser fi son bakin teku, tundra tabkuna, tsibirin tsibiri. Babban mai iyo da ruwa. Fentin-baki mai launin fata yana zane a cikin sautunan launin toka-baki tare da farin reshe, tsiri mai wucewa ta gefen tsuntsun.
Akwai ninki biyu a bayan kai. Mace masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, tare da musanyawa mara haske da sautunan duhu. Matsakaici na matsakaici ya bambanta da maƙwabtansu a cikin tsarin aure na aure tare da nutsar da kai cikin ruwa, fantsama, fikafikansu.
Scaly Merganser. Wani tsuntsu mai saurin kai yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau a bakin Tekun Bering, ana samunsa a kogunan dutse a China, Manchuria. Duck yana zaɓar mazaunan gwanaye masu kifaye, wanda ke kewaye da gandun daji mai ɗumbin yawa. Kyakkyawan fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fukai sunfi tsayi da na alaƙa.
Yankin duhu mai launi yana da turen zaitun, da haske - tare da launin ja. Sunan yana da alaƙa tare da musanyawa a bayan ratsi-fari ratsi, daga nesa mai kama da sikeli. A cikin littafin Red, an nuna hoton scaly merganser tare da matsayin "nau'in haɗari". Smallananan yawan ba su fi tsuntsaye dubu ɗaya da dubu ɗaya ba.
Merganser dan kasar Brazil. Launi yafi launin toka, ashy, kai, wuya, baya na inuwa mai duhu. Drake ya fi girma fiye da mace. Suna riƙe ƙasa da amincewa, amma suna ciyar da abin da suka samo a ruwa kawai. Har yanzu ana kiyaye ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin filin shakatawa na ƙasa na Brazil, suna kan gab da ƙarewa. Adadin ya fi ƙasa da tsuntsaye 260 na wannan nau'in.
Marigayi Merganser. Ba shi yiwuwa a rikitar da wannan nau'in tare da wasu dangi, yana da asali. Crest mai tsayi ya hau kan tsuntsun, wanda yake buɗewa ya fi a lokacin yanzu. A cikin maza, launin ado yana da baki da fari, kuma a cikin mata launin ja-ruwan kasa. Kuna iya ganin duck na peculiar a Arewacin Amurka a gefen gabar tafkin daji, kogunan kwari.
Kariyar Merganser
Hoto: Duck Merganser daga littafin nan mai kyau
Ba za a kira asalin halittar mahaɗan da yawa, amma yawan jama'arta yana da tabbas. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan irin waɗannan ducks ɗin suna kan ƙarshen ƙarewa, an jera su a cikin Littattafan Red of jihohi da yawa kuma suna buƙatar kariya. Speciesarancin da ke haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da scaly da mergansers na Brazil. Manyan ducks da dogon hanci ba su da haɗari a yau, sun riƙe wadataccen ɗimbin duk mazaunan wurin.
Ana ɗaukar matakan masu zuwa don kare ducks na mergansers kuma don ci gaba da ɗumbin jama'arsu:
- ci gaba da saka idanu. Masana kimiyya suna saka idanu sosai kan halin da ake ciki yanzu, bin diddigin adadin ducks, halin lafiyar su. Suna nazarin abubuwanda zasu iya cutar da waɗannan tsuntsayen,
- ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa masu kariya. Ga waɗannan ducks, an ƙirƙiri wuraren shakatawa na musamman tare da duk yanayin zama dole. A can, tsuntsaye suna ƙarƙashin amintattun awa 24,
kiwo da tsuntsaye a bauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin takaici, wasu nau'in merganser sun riga sun lalace. Don haka, yanzu za'a iya ganin Oakland merganser a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya kawai. Garkunan daji, kuli da aladu su ne ke da alhakin kisan nasa.
Duck merganser - Kirkirar kyakkyawa ce mai kyawu. Wadannan waterfowl suna da sabon abu, launi mai haske, halaye masu ban sha'awa. An rarrabasu cikin nau'ikan da yawa, kowannensu na musamman ne ta yadda yake. Yawancin nau'in merganser a yau suna cikin haɗari, saboda haka aikin mutane shine kare su da taimakawa wajen dawo da yawan jama'a.
Tsarin da bayanin bayyanar
A cikin ducks na daji, mallard shine mafi girma. Da kaka, drake din ya kai kilogiram 2 na nauyi. A lokacin bazara, ba ya wuce kilogiram 1.5. Matan sun yi nauyi har kilogiram 1.4. Yawan abinci da girman tsuntsu yana shafar abincin. A matsakaici, tsawon duck daga baki zuwa wutsiya shine 60 cm, kuma kifin shine 26-28 cm.
Launin launuka da na mata ya sha bamban sosai da da wuya a yarda cewa sun kasance iri ɗaya ne. Mata suna canza launin launuka na mazaunan maza - waɗannan launuka ne na launin ruwan kasa da ja. An rufe ciki da gashin fuka-fukai masu duhu. Gashin tsuntsu itace zaitun ko launin toka mai duhu a launi, ƙafafun yanar gizon sune orange.
An yi wa Mallard drake da shuhura mai haske. Ana rufe gashin kai da wuya na gashin tsuntsaye masu duhu, waɗanda ke bayar da ruwan lemo mai zaki. Akwai farin iyaka a wuyan. Goiter da nono na namiji ana fentin su ne a launi mai ƙyalƙyali. Partarshen ɓangaren shari'ar yana da ɗan launi mai launin toka. Nuna da baki na launuka iri ɗaya da na mace.
A cikin launuka na drakes da mata, akwai abubuwa gama gari. Misali, wadannan su ne madubai masu launin shuɗi a jikin fikafikan - suna bayyane a bayyane lokacin da ducks suke cire ko girgiza fikafikansu. An zane ducklings a launin shuɗi mai duhu.
Gallery: Mallard duck (25 hotuna)
Mallard Habitat
Kamar kowane ducks, mallard yana zaune kusa da tafkunan:
- Sawon ruwa.
- M tafkuna na ruwa.
- Kogi mai gudu.
Babban mahimmin abu game da zabar wurin zama shine kasancewar reeds, bushes, da kututturen bishiyoyin da suka faɗi akan gabar. Duk wannan yana kare tsuntsaye daga masu dabaibaye kuma yana taimaka wa karnukan su lafiya. A wuraren buɗe sassan jikin ruwa, duck crack kusan ba a taɓa samun sa ba. Kodayake duck mallard na daji yana da tsoro, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tafkunan biranen. Tsuntsayen da mutane ke ciyar da su sun fi ƙarfin zuciya kuma suna iyo sosai don abinci. Mallard wani tsuntsu ne mai jujjuyawa. Tana ciyar da hunturu a yankuna masu sauƙin yanayin canjin yanayi:
- Bahar Rum.
- Kusa da Gabas.
- Arewacin Indiya
- Kudancin China
Idan hunturu mai laushi ne, wani ɓangare na ducks ɗin baya tashi, amma ya kasance a cikin wuraren jigilar daskarewa.
Me duck Mallard zai ci?
Ducks daji ba su da ma'anar abinci - suna ciyar da abin da za'a iya samu a cikin tafkin:
Duckweed, wanda ke jawo tafkuna tare da ruwa mai tsafta, abinci ne na musamman don ducks. Lokaci-lokaci tsuntsaye nutse ƙarƙashin ruwa - kawai wutsiya tare da paws ya rage a saman farfajiya. Suna jan kawuna, su tsefe komon ruwa na neman abinci. Wannan hanyar samo abinci a hankali yana ƙaddara mazaunin - zurfin tafki yakamata ya zama irin wannan tsuntsun na iya isa ƙasa tare da baki.
A lokacin rani, ducks suna sake cin abincin tare da hatsi, saboda haka za su iya zuwa lokaci-lokaci ziyarci filayen alkama, hatsin rai da sauran hatsi.
Duck duck kiwo
Tsuntsaye sun kai ga balaga yana da shekara daya. A cikin bazara, mallards sun fashe nau'i-nau'i - don haka suna yin haƙuri da hunturu. Ya danganta da yankin zama da kuma buƙatar ƙaura, lokacin kiwo na iya bambanta daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta.
Lokacin da lokaci ya yi Drake tare da mace suna gina gida 'yan mituna daga ruwa. Wannan zurfin ne wanda aka sanyaya a hankali tare da ciyayi. Namiji namiji yakan kiyaye mace yayin kwanciya. Lokacin da ya fara ƙyamar ƙwai, dabbar ta tashi zuwa molt.
Har zuwa dozin ƙwai na iya zama a cikin ɗayan juji ɗaya. Matsakaicin nauyin kwai ɗaya shine gram 50. Harsashi yana fari tare da ɗan ƙaramin launin fure. Idan mace tana buƙatar tafiya, sai ta rufe ƙwai da muraran da ke tarawa a cikin gida. Lokacin da aka gano cewa qwai sun lalace, zai iya sake kwanciya, amma yawancin lokuta qwai ya kasance ba tare da ya zauna ba.
Bayan kwanaki 28 na cigaba da yin aikin, ducklings din sun fara kyankyashe a lokaci guda. Bayan awanni 12, inna ta jagorance su cikin ruwa. Kyankyasai suna girma cikin ƙima mai ban mamaki - bayan watanni 2 suna iya nauyin 1 kg.
Duck daji farauta
Mallard nama yana da daɗi da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin kaka, tsuntsaye suna samun nauyi sosai, wanda ke hannun mafarauta. Tsuntsaye na daji yana aikatawa a hankali a cikin yanayin halitta, sabili da haka, don samun ganima, dole ne ku gwada. Suna neman mallards a cikin ruwa, amma ba zai yiwu a kusanci su ba - idan sun gano ƙaramar haɗarin, za su tashi.
Don kama tsuntsaye, a bakin gaba su kan gina bukka daga reeds da rassa. Mafarauci yana ɓoyewa a cikin wannan zanen da aka tsara. Idan sun kusanci, ana iya jawo su tare da kayan ado na musamman. Hakanan, zaku iya sanya kayan kwalliyar roba a ruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, da gani ko ji dangi, ducks sun gangara zuwa cikin ruwa.
Idan kun yi tuntuɓe a kan gidan duke, babu buƙatar rusa shi da ɗaukar ƙwai. Abu ne mai matukar wahala ga mace ta iya rayuwa irin wannan rashi. Hakanan babu buƙatar farautar ducks na mata a cikin bazara, saboda a wannan lokacin suna ƙyamar zuriya. Abin farin, don bambanta mace daga drake ba wuya. A cikin bazara, farautar mallard bai cancanci daraja ba - a wannan lokacin ba su sami nauyi ba sharaɗi tukuna.
Girma ducks a gida
Wannan shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga waɗanda ba sa son shiga cikin farauta. Don yin wannan, tsuntsaye suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi don kusancin halitta yadda zai yiwu. Drake da mace suna buƙatar ruwa, don haka idan babu tafki na halitta kusa da gidan, lallai ne ku ƙirƙiri mai wucin gadi. In ba haka ba, mallards ba zasu sami nauyin da ake buƙata ba.
Abincin da mallards ke bayarwa bashi da banbanci da wanda akayi nufin ducks na gida. Cewa tsuntsu nan da nan ya sami nauyi, ita ba kifi. Idan an ƙunshi mallard a cikin aviary, dole ne a sanya kwalin yashi. Bayanin abincin ya kusanci waɗannan:
- Masara.
- Ciyawa.
- Tushen.
- Duckweed, tsiren ruwan teku.
- Sinadaran kari.
- Kwayoyin cuta.
Ana samo lardin Duck da kansa - don wannan, yakamata tsuntsaye su ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin sabon iska, yayin da aka ba da shawarar canza wurin tafiya koyaushe. A saboda wannan, da aviary dole ne ta hannu.
A cikin shagon zaka iya siyan abinci na musamman don ducks na daji. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa tsuntsaye masu wuce gona da iri shima ba lallai bane - wannan yana cutar da lafiyar su.
Kada a bai wa ducks baki da Sweets. Masu shaye-shaye yakamata su kasance masu tsabta Sannu Zan iya biyan oda ta hanyar WebMoney? Ruwa, saboda tsuntsaye suna shan ruwa da yawa.
Peungiyoyin daji ducks
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa duk nau'in ducks an samo shi daga ducks mallard. Mafi yawan nau'ikan mallard sune Baƙin Amurkawa ta Arewa, Grey Duck, Hawaiian Mallard. Daga cikinsu akwai wadanda ba sa cikin waɗanda ba sa ƙaura. Mallar Hawaii ta gamsu da yanayin rayuwa, don haka koyaushe tana zaune a yankin ruwa iri ɗaya.
Ga alama yana da ban sha'awa musamman bakar fata mallard. Fitowar ta tana da banbanci sosai idan aka kwatanta ta da wasu ducks - tana da launin toka da launin toka. Gidajen waɗannan tsuntsayen shine Gabashin Kanada. Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun yarda cewa baƙar fata a zamanin da yana da yanki daban, don haka bai cakuda shi da na kowa ba. Yanzu wannan yanayin yana tafiya, kamar yadda tsuntsayen mambobi biyu ke haɓaka juna.
Mallard tsuntsu ne wanda ba a fassara shi da kyauta, wanda yake da sha'awa. Bayan ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi, ana iya girma a cikin gida mai zaman kansa. Ducks, musamman maɗaukakku, suna farfado da kowane jikin ruwa da kamanninsu, da yardar kansu za a ciyar da su. Tabbas kunga wannan ruwa mai ruwa a cikin tafkin kogi mafi kusa. Mallard mai tsabta ne kuma a hankali yana kulawa da zuriyarsa, wanda ke kafa kyakkyawan misali ga mutane.
Yankin
Kabilar Holarctic, yanki yanki shine ramin-tundra na daji da kuma gandun daji na arewa na gabas da gabashin hemispheres. A Eurasia, galibi yana gabashin arewacin Denmark da Scandinavia, duk da haka, an lura da ƙaramin yawan mutane a cikin Alps, Great Britain da Iceland. A arewa, ya kai har zuwa iyakar ciyawar ciyawar: har zuwa 67 ° C a kan Kola Peninsula da kuma yankin Turai na Rasha. N, a Yamal har zuwa 69 ° C. sh., a kan Kogin Yenisei har zuwa 68 ° C. sh., a cikin kwandunan Vilyuya har zuwa 66 ° c. sh., a cikin layin Lena har zuwa 64 ° c. sh., gabas da Kolyma Range zuwa ta 64 a layi daya, zuwa yankuna na arewacin Chukotka. A yankin na Kudancin Amurka, tana farawa daga yamma zuwa gabas zuwa arewa daga kudu zuwa Alaska zuwa Quebec da Newfoundland.
A cikin Tsohon Duniya, tana da kudu a arewa zuwa arewacin Denmark, yankuna na tsakiya na Poland da Belarus, yankin Pskov, kwarin kogin Mologa, saman sassan Belaya, Ufa da kwarin kogin Ik, har zuwa 55 ° C a Yammacin Siberia. sh., gabas zuwa tafkin Zaysan, Altai, yankuna na arewacin Mongolia, yankin kudu maso gabashin Amur, arewa maso gabashin China da kuma ƙarshen kudu na Sikhote-Alin massif. A Arewacin Amurka, kudu zuwa arewacin Mexico akan gabar yamma da jihohin arewa maso gabashin Amurka akan gabas.
Hijira
Migratory ko kuma wani yanki na ƙaura. A cikin hunturu, yawan 'yan arewa suna ƙaura zuwa matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaici: alal misali, tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Scandinavia da maɓarnar arewa maso yamma na Rasha galibi suna yin ƙaura zuwa yankunan kusa da gabar Tekun Baltic ko Arewacin Teku, amma kuma zuwa ƙaramin yanki a tsakiyar da kuma Kudancin Turai. An yi rikodin ƙananan tsuntsayen tsuntsayen hunturu a cikin yankunan bakin tekun Bahar Bashi da na Caspian, da kuma a Tsakiyar Asiya - a cewar masana, yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da mazauni a Rasha gabashin gabashin Pechora. A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wuraren sanyi lokacin suna cikin Japan, Korea da kuma yankunan tekun China. Yawan tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura ya sha bamban daga shekara zuwa shekara: a bayyane yake, a cikin saɓin mai laushi, galibinsu suna kasancewa a wuraren da suke farawa ko ƙaura zuwa ƙananan nisa. Tashin lokacin kaka yana farawa ne da zuwan lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ruwa ya rufe bakin dusar kankara. Yawancin mazaunan kudanci ma suna iya zama cikin yanayin rayuwa, yin ƙaura tsaye ko ƙaura zuwa nesa ba kusa ba.
Habitat
A lokacin farauta, tana zaune ne da tafkuna na ruwa tare da rairayin bakin tekun: ƙananan tabkuna masu cike da manyan ƙofofi, wuraren ajiyar ruwa, koguna masu gudu a cikin babba, inda suke yawanci zauna kusa da tudu a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. Don ɗauka, tsuntsun yana buƙatar isasshen nisa mai zurfi akan ruwa - saboda wannan dalili, akasari yakan guji ƙananan shagunan ruwa waɗanda ke da haɗuwa da duk sauran yanayin rayuwa. Ya bambanta da daɗewar noganser, babban wanda ya fi son fifita ɗaukakar wuri, musamman maɓallin ƙafa da ƙananan tuddai. Masu cin nasara a kan manyan layuka da ba a daskarewa tare da lagos tare da ruwa mai ban tsoro, lokaci-lokaci a cikin kogunan kogi da kuma gabar teku. A watan Fabrairu-Maris 2012, manyan mergansers suna gani lokacin sanyi akan Dnieper a yankin Kiev.
Yaɗa
Lutok yana zaune kusan dukkanin yankin taiga na Rasha da gabashin ɓangaren Scandinavia. Masu cin nasara a kan kudurorin Eurasia daga Bahar Rum zuwa Tekun Japan, a Arewacin Turai da tekuna suna wanke shi. Wintering an san shi a cikin yankin da ba a kankara a yankin Baltic, Caspian, Okhotsk da Tekun Japan ba. Wasu tsuntsaye na kasance a cikin hunturu a cikin kogin tsutsa.
A lokacin farauta, lute yana zaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa na yanki na taiga - tafkuna, tafkunan ruwa, dattijai, yawanci ƙanana ne a cikin yanki, buɗe wuraren sphagnum bogs da ambaliyar ruwa na gudana a hankali tare da ruwa mai tsabta. Loot yana ɗaukar aiki daga ɗan gajeren gudu a kan ruwa saboda haka zai iya tsayawa a cikin ƙaramin rami waɗanda basu da matsala ga sauran, nau'in duck mai “nauyi”. Wannan daskararre yana sanya shinge a cikin ruwan teku a cikin hanyoyin rufe kogunan koguna, haka kuma a cikin manyan tafkuna, Wuraren koguna; lokaci-lokaci yakan faru ne a cikin teku.
Mace_in_tree_cavity _-_ kopiya.jpg
Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar adadin kananan duwatsun shi ne raguwar dazuzzukan daji tare da bishiyoyi masu dumbin yawa. Rashin ingantaccen wuraren girke-girke yana rage haifuwar jinsin a cikin mazauninsu na asali. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna mutuwa lokacin da aka kama su a cikin tarun kifaye. Duk da tsananin haramcin harbi da daddare, masu kamun kai sun zama ganima ga mafarauta. Shekaru mai harbi yana da wuya ya iya bambance mai hade da skal merganser daga wasu duwatsun baki da fari. Bugu da kari, shaƙatawa da bunƙasa kajin an shafa shi sakamakon abubuwan damuwa yayin kamun kifaye, rafting, tafiye-tafiye a cikin jiragen ruwa. A kasar Sin, manyan dalilan da suka haddasa ragewa su ne: gandun daji, kayyade madatsun ruwa ta koguna, gurbata ruwan kogin.
Tun daga shekara ta 2000, an fara wani aiki a Primorye don ƙirƙirar yanayi don kiwo da wannan tsuntsu mara galihu. An tura gonar wucin gadi a kan koguna 15 na Primorye. Gabaɗaya n 205 nests aka bincika, wanda 190 nests a cikin rami na wucin gadi da 15 nests a cikin hollows na halitta. Noman da aka noma ya zama ingantacciyar hanya don haɓaka adadin nau'in tsuntsayen da ba safai ba. Na 2002-2017 1334 nestlings ingantattu hatched in hollows.