Matsayi na yau da kullun - Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758). Daidaita sunan, wanda aka saba amfani da shi, ko biyan kuɗi, siffofin: sheresper, shilishper - Cyprinus Aspius, Cyprinus rapax, Cyprinus taeniatus, Aspius rapax, Aspius erytrostomus, Aspius transcaucasicus, Aspius aspius taeniatus. Yana da dogon jiki da babban baki. A cikin muƙamuƙin wucin gadi akwai tarin ƙwaro, kuma a cikin muƙamuƙin sama akwai hutawa daga ciki wanda tarin ƙwayoyin ciki suka shiga. Babban muƙamuƙi ya kai tsaye gaban gaban ido. Jawaramin muƙamuƙi ya haɗu da gaba, an bayar dashi a ƙarshen tare da tarin ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke shiga cikin abin kula na tsinkayen sama. Koma bayan ƙarancin ventral tare da keel an rufe shi da Sikeli. Gill slits sosai fadi. Launi azurfa ne, duhu ne mai duhu, babba da ƙashin ƙyallen ɗanɗano suna launin toka, tare da kan iyaka baki ɗaya, ƙananan ƙashin gefe da ƙashin gefe suna ja. Iris yana da rawaya tare da kore a saman.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Asp (Aspius aspius) ko Sharesper. Yana zaune a Tsakiyar Turai (kwari na Arewa da Baltic Teas), a cikin kwari na Black, Caspian da Aral Seas. A cikin Kudancin Caspian da Tekun Aral, wakilai na musamman suna wakiltarsa. Na biyu jinsunan wannan halittar (Aspius vorax) ana samun su a cikin kogin. Tiger.
Asalin da ke amfani da kullun suna zaune ne a cikin kogunan lebur, ba sau da yawa a cikin tabkuna, yayin da suke sarrafa koguna ta kasance a cikin ichthyofauna na manyan wuraren ramuka. A cikin tekuna na kudanci, asp ɗin yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuka ta hanya kamar haka. A cikin koguna, kifayen abinci iri iri ne ke shayar da su, amma akasarinsu suna cikin fari ne.
Shekaru da girma
Yawan mazaunan kogin zama ba su da yawa. Hanyar wucewa ya fi girma, ya kai tsawon 80 cm da nauyin 4-5 kg. Koyaya, mutane 60 cm tsayi da nauyin 2.5 kilogiram sun fi yawa a cikin ɗauka. Matsakaicin shekarun shine shekaru 9-10 na jama'ar arewa da kuma shekaru 5-6 na mutanen kudu. Asf yana girma da sauri a cikin tafukan kudu. Don haka, a cikin Sama da Tsakiya na Volga, marasa aikin da ke cikin ƙasa ba su kai tsawon 5-6 cm ba a ƙarshen kaka, 8-10 cm a cikin Volga delta, kuma 9-15 cm a cikin ƙananan ƙananan Urals, Kuban da Don. A cikin yawan jama'ar arewa, asp ya kai 40-50 a tsayi gani kawai yana da shekaru 10, kuma a kudu - a shekaru 6.
Akwai ƙananan biyan kuɗi guda uku a cikin tsarin haraji. A cikin Turai da kuma ƙasa ta Rasha, aspipin Aspius aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) ƙaƙƙarfan ɗan aspus ne kuma Aspius aspius taeniatus (Eichwald, 1831) shine jan asirin cikin kogunan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Caspian. Kwanan nan, Aral asp Aspius aspius iblioides (Kessler, 1872) ya fito fili a matsayin mai tallafi mai zaman kanta.
Rayuwa
Asp Yana manne da hanyoyin rafukan koguna da ramuka a manyan rijiyoyin ruwa na sama da na tsakiya. Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwar mutum daya kuma yana samar da karamin garke yayin lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin faruwa a cikin rami na hunturu a cikin bazara.
Ta wani nau'in abinci, asf shine mai rarrabewa. Ba kamar sauran kifayen da ke cin abin da suke nema ba, asp din na neman garken soya, hare-hare, mai ban mamaki da wutsiya ko kuma duk jiki tare da tsalle a saman ruwa a tsalle, sannan cikin sauri ya dauko abincinsa. Tare da babban bakin, asp yana kama wadanda aka kashe a cikin garken baki daya. A farkon matakan, ƙananan yara sun cinye ƙananan crustaceans (Copepoda da Cladocera) da kuma larvae pop-up da pupae na chironomids da sauran kwari. Tare da tsawon 5-9 cm, a watan Agusta - Satumba, asp zai fara cinye matasa roach, azurfa salin, hive, sabrefish, kifin da aka saba - a cikin Volga delta, smelts matasa, roach da Stickback - a cikin Neman da Kaunas tafki. Sauyawa zuwa abincin ƙaddara yana dogara ne akan yanayin rayuwa da haɓaka girma.
A arewaci, toho yana toho yana da shekaru 4-5 tare da tsawon 40-50 cm, a kudu - yana da shekaru 3-4 zuwa tsawon cm 32-40. Yawan haihuwa a cikin Kuban shine 73-366 dubu, a cikin Volga - 62-500 dubu ., a cikin ruwan Azov-Black Sea - 40-200 dubu qwai. Aikin Asp yana yaduwa a gadar kogin a cikin tsaunuka da wuraren da ba a kiyaye su ba, a cikin magudanan ruwa na ruwa - a wuraren da yake gudana, a wuraren rami - a tashoshi da kuma yankunan gabar teku. Caviar ya kasance mai santsi, an share shi akan rhizomes da ciyayi. Caviar yana da launin rawaya, tare da harsashi mai gajimare, ƙwaƙwalwarsa ita ce 1.9-2.1 mm. M, m har zuwa makonni 2, yana faruwa a farkon lokacin bazara (Afrilu-Mayu) a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa na 4-5 zuwa 11-12 ° C. Haɗawa ƙwai a cikin zafin jiki na 15-22 ° C yana kwana 5, a 14-15 ° C - kwanaki 8, a 12-16 ° C - 12-16 kwana. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, larvae na 7 mm a tsayi ana ɗaukar su daga yanzu zuwa cikin rami na tsarin kayan, a inda ake ciyar da su. Bayan an ajiye jakar gwaiduwa bayan kwanaki 7-8, ƙananan zasu canza zuwa abinci mai na waje.
Asp - wani katon kifi, kusan ba ya yin ƙaura. Koyaya, a wannan shekarar mazaunin sa ya canza. Asp yana yin hunturu a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, kuma a wannan lokacin ba aiki. A cikin bazara, kafin tsintsar, tana ciyar da makonni 2-3 cikin rayayye, bayan tsinke don tsawon makonni 3-4 ba shi da lafiya kuma baya ciyarwa. Daga ƙarshen watan Yuni sai asp ya fara zhor, zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 2-3. Sannan, tare da dumamar ruwan, ayyukanta ke raguwa, kuma yana yiwuwa a kama asf ɗin kawai da sanyin safiya. Daga farkon Satumba, tare da ruwa mai sanyaya, ayyukan asp ya ci gaba, yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon Nuwamba. A cikin hunturu, asp ba a kama.
Asp kama kifi
Burin Asp ne kawai na rana kawai, haka ma, yana ciyar da sau da yawa a rana. Babban abincin asf shine ƙananan kifi, manyan kwari suna fadowa cikin ruwa. Sabili da haka, sun kama shi da sanda mai juyawa, tashi mai kamun kifi, jirgin ruwa, a cikin wayoyin da aka yi wa katako tare da hutu mai nisa na ƙungiyar.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don kamun kifin asp shine bayan tsallakewa (ga wuraren ajiye ruwa a tsakiyar Rasha, yawanci a watan Mayu, yana gudana a lokacin zafin ruwa na digiri na 10-12), daga watan Yuni zuwa Agusta, cikin hasken rana, musamman da safe, da kuma lokacin bazara a rana. A lokacin hurawa, asp din baya ciyarwa, kuma yan 'yan kwanaki bayan spawning din, asp din ya fara ciyar dashi sosai kuma an sami nasarar kama shi ta hanyar feshin kifayen kifayen. Bayan asarar, asp din tana cin tsutsotsi da bawo. Don haka, mafi kyawun halaye a gare shi sune: ƙananan kifaye, musamman maras kyau, chafer, ciyawar ciyawa, ƙwanƙwasa ta wucin gadi. Abin takaici, a wannan lokacin yin kamun kifi a wasu wuraren ajiyar kaya na Rasha tare da igiyoyi masu juzu'i tare da abubuwan wucin gadi da ƙararrakin haramun kuma haramun ne kawai hanyar da za a iya kama asf shine tashi kamun kifi tare da kwari ko kuma sakin dogon nesa na ƙugiyar don ƙima ta zama a kan ruwa ruwa (don wannan, 1-1, 5 m daga bututun suttura haɗe da iyo). Yana da kyau idan akwai karamin tsagi a kan ruwa - yana hana asp din ganin angler. Neman asp ba mai wahala bane saboda hanyar sa na asali na ciyarwa: yana sauri cikin garken karamin kifi kuma, yana bayanin wani da'irar da ba ta ƙoshi ba, sai ya buge ruwan da wutsiyarsa, sannan ya kama kifayen da ke kusa da ruwa.
Tare da duk wasu hanyoyin kamun kifi a lokacin bazara, ana aiwatar da koto a cikin manyan lamuran ruwa, bugu da ƙari, yana da kyawawa cewa lokaci-lokaci tsalle da tsalle a ruwa, ko tashi kamun kifi (tare da bayyanar kwari). Lokacin amfani da kamun kifi, ana amfani da masu sikelin na matsakaici (gami da Devons), masu amfani da kalaman oscillating, masu yawo a ruwa. a cikin kaka, ana sa ƙullin kusa da gindi.
Nasarar asp ta nasara ta hanyar zube, amma a wasu lokutan yanayi ana kama ta da kamun kifi kuma a saman sandar kamun kifi tare da iyo. Wannan shi ne, da farko, lokacin kamun kifi na May. Yin amfani da murɗa mara amfani yana taimakawa ga nasara. An ɗauke shi kan magudon ruwa lokacin tashi. Binciken wuraren asp ba su da wahala. Buarfin sa da yaƙin na bayyane bayyane kuma ana iya sauraron su. Koyaya, wannan kifin mai hankali ne, a nesa nesa yana lura da angler. Yin kamun kifi yana buƙatar maɓallin mafi girma Don kamun kifi ba tare da coil ba, kama mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin jeji ko saboda kyakkyawan mafaka. Hasken yana zub da ruwa, ya ɓoye motsin masunta, da rashin rana ya taimaka sosai. A sassan sassan bakin ruwa masu santsi a hankali tare da wuraren yashi da tsibirin, asp din ya tashi akan jiragen saman da ke tashi daga bakin tekun, farauta anan don kananan kwari da itacen fir. A wannan lokacin, yana yiwuwa a kama shi a ƙasa tare da jefa nesa (30-40 m). Zurfin kamun kifi bai wuce mita ba. Bait - gudgeon, itace, zube.
A makullai da kuma shinge, a wuraren da shred na kumfa suke taruwa, yawanci sukan tattara farauta ne. Bursts da amo na yaƙi ana bayyane a ko'ina cikin shafin. Anan kamun kamun kifi a kan rayayye yana yiwuwa a aika tare da dogon hutu kuma kawai tare da hazo na safiya. Bayan kun gama waƙar, ba ku buƙatar cire takaddun, kamar yadda aka saba, amma a hankali ku sake komawa. A yayin juyawa daga cikin koto, asp din ta kama shi. Shouldaryar ya kamata ya shiga cikin babban ruwa na ruwa. Farar farin kwandon shara yana sanye take da ninki biyu, sau da yawa akwai busa akan sa. Koyaya, yawancin lokaci yakan tafi da iyo. Don kamun kifi tare da kamun kifi mai tashi da tsalle-tsalle a saman irin ƙwaro da mazari, gami da raye-raye na yau da kullun, ya kamata ka zaɓi wurare masu kunkuntar daga cikin koguna inda akwai rafids, masu yankan daga boto, rapids. Anan zaka iya tsammanin asp din ta iya zuwa bakin tekun. Zai yuwu a kama nama da crayfish tun daga tushe da safe, kuma zuwa saman a saman. Da maraice, kamun kifi a saman ya fi cin nasara.
A lokacin kaka, kwari suka bace, goblet da sauran kifayen suna barin manya-manyan ruwayen. Asp ɗin yana kuma zuwa zurfin kusa da yankinsa, amma ya mamaye sassan mafi nesa daga bakin tekun - a bayan manyan kabkoki, kusa da tolyaks da manyan duwatsu. Ana sa shi a ƙasa da rabin ruwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a gano filin ajiye motoci, sannan kamun kifi a bazuwar Ta kan kankara da kankara ta ƙarshe ana iya samun wasu lokuta a sami garken da basu da yawa. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen ramin a kulle da bayan rapids, kafin farkon sabon rafin jirgin ruwa. A wannan lokacin, ana kama su a cikin lokutan hunturu lokacin kamawa, perch perch da pike. Idan jijiya ce, idan ta fi kauri daga 0.4 mm, yawanci ba ya tsayar da jakar asp din yayin da kunnuwa ke kurma.
Bayyananniya da halaye
Asp - kifi na tsari Carp-dimbin yawa, dan cyprinids. An bambanta shi da kasancewar kasusuwa da yawa. Asp din yana da jiki mai yawa, a lokaci guda mai kauri, gajera, tare da sifar fusiform. A baya ne mai fadi.
Turancin yana da launin toka mai kauri, mara daidaituwa, yana canzawa daga baya zuwa ciki: baya yana da duhu, yana da launin toka-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, bangarorin suna da shuɗi-shuɗi, ciki kuma fararen fata. A jiki yana da manyan sikeli na azurfa. Fashin gaba da ƙananan ya bambanta a cikin inuwa mai launin toka, yi duhu a tukwici. Finfin dorsal na bakin ciki ne, dogo, mai kaifi.
Kifin yana da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, wanda rabinsa ya ɗan fi tsayi sama da na sama. Distinwararren fasalin shine babban kai, babba baki, babban juji.
Wadannan fasalulluka na waje da salon rayuwa sun haifar da sunan asalin kifi ba kawai, har ma da bayyanar wasu sunaye gama gari:
- Doki (mare). Kifi na iya tsalle sama.
- Mai Saka. Daga kalmomin da ba a saba amfani da su ba "don su ɗora", wanda ke fassara zuwa tururuwa sama, kasancewa mai rayuwa.
- Ya isa. Don tashin hankali, saurin amsawa.
- Yaki da tsayi (farin ciki). Don fasalulluran launi: tarnaƙi masu launin launin shuɗi-da farin ciki.
- Sherikh, sheliper, sherikh, sheresher, zherich. Yanki, gurbata siffofin sunan asali.
A cikin duniyar yau, ana kiran asp "kogin corsair", saboda kifi kamar hanya. Ana samun kifi a cikin koguna masu tsabta tare da isashshen oxygen.
Habitat da rarrabawa
Asps ana samun su a cikin tafkuna na asali, ƙayyadaddun iyakantattun ƙananan koguna da ƙananan tafkuna. Don cikakken rayuwa, kifayen suna buƙatar sararin fili da ruwa mai zurfi, inda akwai tsabta da gudana, ruwa mai wadatar oxygen, kazalika da wadataccen abinci.
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, irin wannan kifayen suna zaune da tsarin da manyan koguna, manyan tafkuna, tafkuna na Kudancin, Baltic da Tekuna na Arewacin Rasha.
Matsayi na asp wani karamin matsayi ne, wanda ya haɗa da wasu yankuna da ke rufe gabashin Turai da kuma wani yanki mai mahimmanci na Yammacin Turai. Ana samun kifi a wasu sassa na yankin Eurasian - tsakanin koguna Ural da Rhine, a Tsakiyar Asiya: sassan Kazakhstan ko kuma kwarin Caspian da Aral Seas. Mai yawa asp a kan Volga.
Ana ganin adadi mai yawa na asp a cikin ruwan Lake Balkhash, inda kifin kasuwanci ya bayyana a wucin gadi.
Iri iri-iri na asp da fasali
Kifi yana girma da sauri, yana da girma da ban sha'awa. Lokacin kamun kifi, masunta zasu iya yin alfahari da ganima mai nauyin kilogram 2-2.5 tare da tsawon jikin sa na 60 santimita. Sau da yawa akwai kifaye masu nauyin kilogram 4-6 tare da tsawon santimita 75-80. Amma waɗannan alamun ba su da matuƙar ƙarshe. Masunta sun sami nasarar kama kifaye masu girman kilogram 120 da tsayi da kuma nauyin kilo 12. Daga cikin dangin kifi, asp babban kifi ne mai tayar da hankali.
Matsakaicin yanayin zafin ruwa na kowane wata kai tsaye yana shafar tsammanin rayuwar, har da girman kifin. Kifi tsowon hanta ne, saboda har yanzu ba a yuwu a tsayar da ainihin shekarun ba, amma an yi imanin cewa wasu mutane sun sami damar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15. Kifin ya sami mahimmancin matsoraci na halitta da saurin amsawa. Idan mutum ya ga inuwa mai gabatowa kusa da gaci, nan da nan zai ɓoye cikin zurfi.
Akwai nau'ikan asp da yawa waɗanda aka fasalta a ƙasa.
Bishiyar kifin Asp: mazauni, bayanin, haifuwa, fasalin kamun kifi da zaɓi (105 hotuna)
Asp babban kifi ne wanda yake dangin cyprinids ne. Asp ɗin kyakkyawa ne mai kyau, mai ƙarfi mai da hankali - mai ƙaddara, don haka maƙiya da ke ƙoƙarin kama shi suna yin haka maimakon kama, amma don sha'awar wasa. Kuna iya kimanta kammala na siffofin magabata na ainihi a cikin hoton kifin asf.
Don bayyana kifin asp, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shine mafi girma kifi na nau'ikan cyprinids, wasu mutane zasu iya kaiwa 100-120 cm a tsayinsa wanda ya kai kilogiram 10-12, amma asalinta girmansa shine 70-80 cm, tare da nauyi 4-5 kilogiram.
Jikin Asp yana da elongated kuma an matse shi a gefe, yana da ƙusoshin ƙarfi, musamman caudal, babban fin yana cikin tsakiyar mai ƙarfi baya kaɗan kusa da wutsiya. Wide ƙeƙasassun ƙasan a ƙarƙashin kai, da ƙyallen ƙyallen a ciki kuma ɗayan a ƙarƙashin wutsiya.
Duk ƙeƙasun ƙusoshin suna da girma babba, wannan ya faru ne saboda hanyar da ake farautar asf ɗin - tsalle daga cikin ruwa yadda yakamata a shimfiɗa ƙashin kai.
Launin ƙusoshin launinsu ne ja a gindi, yana juyawa zuwa sautunan launin toka zuwa ƙarshen. Scaaramar sikeli na azurfa tare da isnadin launin toka a baya, shi yasa ma ana kiranta "madaidaici" ko "torpedo na azurfa".
Amur lebur-kai
Kifi ya fi son zama a ƙarƙashin kogin. Asp din yana da jiki mai da elongated, kai yana da ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda elongated, goshi ya faɗi ƙasa. Muhimmin fasalin shine jan ƙyallen, saboda wanda ake kira Amur asp. Yana zaune a cikin kwarin kogin Amur: Onon, Ussuri, Shilka, Buir-Nur, Khanka, Sungari. Kifin yana zaune har zuwa shekaru 20, yana girma har zuwa santimita 80 a tsayi, yana samun nauyi a kilo kilogram 2-4.
Lura!
Ganin bayyanar asp ɗin ya ɗan ɗanɗana ta babban babban kashinsa. Bakin bashi sanye da halayyar mai hakora.
Asp jinsunan
Akwai manyan nau'ikan asp guda uku - na gama gari / na Turai, na ja-lip, halayyar kogunan China da Aral, ana samun su a tafukan reshen Asiya ta Tsakiya da kuma manyan kogunan Syr Darya da Amu Darya.
Domin Kifi na cyprinid dangi ne na yau da kullun, saboda haka, rashin sanin ainihin abin da kifin asp ɗin yake yi yakan haifar da ma'anarsa ba daidai ba, yana rikitar da wasu kifayen dangi guda.
Aral
Aral asp yana zaune cikin ruwan gishiri da tsarkakakkun sassan Asiya ta Tsakiya. Yana zaune har zuwa shekaru 9. Ya bambanta a cikin haske ƙonewa da ƙeƙasasshen ƙuƙwalwa da ƙoshin squat tare da misalai na talakawa. Isar da nauyin kilo 5.5-6 tare da karuwar santimita 65-70. Babban fasalin Aral Sheresper shine launin shuɗi mai launin baki da ƙeƙassai.
Kifi mazaunin asf
Yawanci wuraren da ake samun kifin asp sune manyan tafkuna, tafkuna da manyan koguna, wuraren ajiyar ruwa, inda ake samun isashshen sunadarin oxygen da abinci mai yawa, wanda gaba daya yana kawar da ƙananan tafkuna da gurbacewa.
Yawancin koguna, tafkuna, Wuraren ruwa sun dace da waɗannan alamomin a yankin Turai da kuma yankin Eurasi na nahiyar. Gidajen arewa yana gudana daga Lake Onega zuwa Ladoga, sannan tare da Neva zuwa bakin.
Iyakokin kudu na iyakar ruwan jikin China ne da Kazakhstan, koguna da jikin ruwa na Tsakiyar Asiya, tekun Aral da Caspian.
Me abin asprin yake ci?
Dangane da nau'in abinci mai gina jiki, asps suna cikin nau'in ƙwayar pelagic ichthyophages, wanda ke manne da babba ko na tsakiya a cikin tafki, kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar bakin da bayyanar jikin kifin. Matasa sama suna ciyarwa gaba ɗaya akan tsutsotsi, kwari, ƙananan crustaceans, da kuma wasu ƙananan hanyoyin karkarwa.
Bayan kifin ya kai santimita 30-40 a tsayin daka, sai ya zama mai farashi kuma ya fara cin abincin sosai daga kowane nau'in kifin, yana fifita ƙananan ɗanɗano da roach. Amma duk da haka, wasu daga cikin abincin da ake asf ɗin da suke girma har yanzu sun ƙunshi tsutsotsi da kwari.
Sakamakon cewa kifin ba shi da izini, yana ciyar da kowane irin mutum, ciki har da nau'in ciyawa: baƙar fata, fak, gudgeon, har ma da ƙwayar cuta. Suna da haɗari ga bin babban kifi, wanda zai dace da bakin asp. Sau da yawa wani maƙiyin yakan kama ganima 14-15 santimita tsayi.
Tashin kuwa kifayen masu kamun kifi ne, amma ba jiran su daga kwanton-bauna. A cikin yanayin yanayi, yayin da ake ruwan sama mai karfi da iska mai karfi, mafarautan suna kokarin yin zurfin zurfi, wani lokacin ma sukan tashi kusa da saman su kama wasu kananan kwari ko kwari wadanda suke fada cikin ruwa daga ciyawar da take jujjuyar ruwan tafkin.
Ciyarwa
Asps girma sosai da sauri, godiya ga aiki na rayuwa tafiyar matakai da unpretentiousness a cikin abinci. A farkon shekarar rayuwa, tsawon jikin mutum yayi kusan santimita 28 tare da nauyin 200 gram ko fiye.
Kifi ya kai ga balaga da kimanin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, lokacin da matsakaicin nauyin jikin mutum ya kai kilo 1.5. A farko na spawning kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin damina. A yankin kudu na Rasha, farawar farawa zai fara ne a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, wanda yakai kimanin weeksan makonni. Ana yin gyaran ne a zazzabi na ruwa kimanin digiri 7-16.
Spawning tsari ne na mata, saboda wanda kusan nau'ikan kifaye goma ne zasu iya tsallake wuri ɗaya a lokaci guda, wanda ke ba da kwarin gwiwa game da kiwo tsakanin rukuni. Zamani mai karfi na kiwon kifi yana tare da yaƙe-yaƙe na maza don yaƙi ga haƙƙin mallaki mace.
Binciken filaye masu tsalle-tsalle, asp din sun gwammace kada su shiga cikin kananan kogunan kogi. Yana zaɓar wani shafi akan yumɓu mai yashi ko dutse mai ɓoye da ke cikin tashar tafki mai ɗorewa. A yayin aiwatar da irin wannan binciken, kifayen da suke tare da su sun tashi sama har zuwa bakin rafi.
Mace mai matsakaici za ta iya share ƙirar kimanin dubu 50-100 waɗanda ke sauka a kan tushen sa da kuma tsiro na tsire-tsire waɗanda suka mutu a cikin hunturu. Asp qwai ana bambanta su ta sigar aiki kuma an kiyaye su sosai akan substrate. Bayan kimanin 'yan makonni, a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau, soya ƙyallen. Idan ruwan bashi da isasshen zafi, lokacin shiryawa na iya tsawan kwana.
Lokacin kamun kifi
A cikin kaka, sheresper ya fara tara kitse na hunturu kuma yana ɓoye mai zurfi. Manyan samfurori sun zo a wannan lokacin, amma dole ne a kama kifi a nesa daga gabar teku, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ba da shawarar amfani da jirgin ruwa. Ba shi da wuya a kama asp ɗin da ke aiki, amma saboda wannan suna amfani da jigilar rayayyiyar iska ko kuma babban jirgin ruwa mai zurfi a teku. Jirgin ɗin dole ne ya yi girma masu girma, in ba haka ba asp ɗin ɗin ba zai ma kula da shi ba. A lokacin fall, kifin mai zafin rai kada ku bar kowa ya shiga ciki, saboda abin da masunta masanan suka kware kansu.
A lokacin rani
A lokacin bazara, asp din yakan nemi abin soya. Ya ɗan yi iyo a kusa da gaci, a dalilin wanda masunta za su iya kama shi a ƙaramin kwari. Baya ga soya, ana amfani da frogs don kamun kifin daga bakin. Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da ɗai-ɗai na zahiri;
A lokacin zafi mai zafi, an dawo da kifin, ya zama mai rikitarwa da jin kunya, kuma baya yin iyo zuwa bakin tekun. Ana amfani da guntun tsaran-tsalle don kama mafarauta.
Mafi kyawun lokacin kamun kifi ana la'akari dashi tun da sassafe, saboda a wannan lokacin asp ɗin yana farautar makarantun ƙananan kifaye, da zama abin farauta. Neman asp a cikin wuraren motsa manyan makarantun kifayen ruwa.
Asp yana farauta a farfajiya, suna jiran abincinta a wurare da tulin ruwa, mai ƙarfi ko matsakaici. Individuals ananan mutane har zuwa kilo 2.5 sun fara ɓace a cikin makarantu, kuma manyan kifayen farauta kaɗai.
A cikin hunturu
A cikin hunturu, sheresper ya ci gaba da farauta kusa da saman ruwa, amma yana da wuya a kama. Wannan yana buƙatar shekaru da yawa na kwarewa. Ana kama mafarautan a wuraren ajiye ruwa ba da daskarewa ba, nesa da gaɓar tekun, da rana a wuraren wadatar ruwa, lokacin da kifayen ke ciyar da su sosai. Kama asp, ta amfani da amai. An fitar da kifi mai taurin hankali a hankali, ta amfani da ƙaramin ƙugiya, in ba haka ba babban kifi na iya yin karo da rafi, yana karya sandan kamun kifi.
Asp yana kama daga kankara, amma a cikin wuraren kawai aka samar da rami a cikin kogi, shin akwai karfi mai karfi kusa da rami ko kuma ana samar da ruwan tare da oxygen. Don kama asp ta hanyar amfani da rami:
- jaki da leash mai tsawon santimita 20,
- Hanyar arawa ta amfani da kunkuntar masu zubin rubutu, ko maharbi ko matasai,
- Peke perke (ƙarancin amfani).
A kan kankara, yana halatta kusantar da rami tare da walƙiya na yau da kullun, amma kar ku manta cewa akwai kankara a bakin ruwa a bakin ruwa. Don rashin gazawa zai ba da izinin ɗaukar matsayin wuri 10-15 mita daga kan kankara. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar dakatarwa ba akan halin yanzu ba, amma a gefen sa.
Za a samar da haɓaka kamun daga manyan riguna, wanda ya dace da abun da ya dace da abubuwan son lokacin kifi a cikin abincin kifi. A farkon bazara, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da hatsi na hatsi tare da ƙari da tsutsa da ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi. A watan Mayu, asp zai zama kamar kwaro mai Mayu. A lokacin rani, asps suna ciyar da dabbar dabbar daddawa, guda na soya, burodin burodi, ciyayi, manyan kwari. Masunta suna samar da kwallaye daga kwari, suna ajiye su cikin mai ciyarwa. A lokacin rani da damina, yana da kyau a yi amfani da gwanayen kifaye da kwaɗi.
M kaddarorin asp
Asp suna da kamun kifi da tsoro, a lokaci guda suna ci gaba, saboda abin da suka sami karimci sosai a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, suna zama abun kamun kifin wasan kifi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa asp tana da sauri sosai, kuma naman su na da lafiya da kyan gani, ana ɗaukar kifi da mahimmanci.
Sarancin emiauke da kashi ɗaya na asp suna da mahimmanci kasuwanci. Kifin kifi, duk da kyakkyawan dandano, ana nuna shi da ƙarancin ƙyashi. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ana yawan amfani dashi don shan sigari ko warkewa, kuma asp balyk yana daidai da ɗanɗano zuwa ƙarar balyk da aka yi daga kifin kifin salmon.
Wani kwano aka shirya daga asf?
- Kifin kifi mai kiba ne, mai taushi, amma ya ƙunshi yawancin ƙananan ƙasusuwa. Lokacin yin salting, kasusuwa suna yin laushi kuma kusan ba a lura dasu.
- Asp nama ana amfani dashi don dafa minced nama, stewing tare da kayan lambu, a cikin miya da kirim mai tsami, yin burodi a cikin tsare ko soya.
- Salted asf caviar yana da dandano mai daɗi. Aiki a matsayin abun ci tare da croutons.
- Ana shirya miyan kifi mai laushi ko miyan kifi daga cikin loin kifin.
- Yana da dadi sosai don dafa kifi tare da kayan lambu: tumatir, tumatir, seleri. Asp an yayyafa shi da ganye da gasa a cuku.
- An dafa kifi a kan gungume, gasa a cikin tanda da kan mai.
- Ya dace da kayan ɗoki da shaƙewa.
Magabatan asf
Asp yana da ingantattun gabobin ji da gani. Ko da a cikin farauta, kifayen sun sami nasarar sarrafa sararin samaniya a sarari, saboda abin da yake da wuya abokan hamayya na asp su kusanto da shi.
Matasa suna zama ganima ga mahara iri-iri, ciki har da masu girman kai. Yawancin tsuntsayen sukan cinye shi sau da yawa, musamman ma ɗora Kwatancen mai daɗi.
A cikin tsotsan girma na manya, a yanayin dabi'un babu kusan abokan gaba. Babban haɗari ga samfuran balagaggu suna wakiltar gaggafa da ospreys. Wadannan tsuntsayen ne zasu iya kallon tsintsaye daga jirgin tsuntsu, sa’annan nan da nan sai su nutse kuma su debi kifayen da ke cikin ruwa.
Cage kiwo
Asp kiwo don manufar aiwatar da aka za'ayi tare da m ciyar kifi. A cikin wani tafki na musamman da aka shirya ko tafki, an shirya ƙananan tafkuna na raga-raga, a cikin abin da ake ƙaddamar da ƙaramin asp.
Cages sune jaka waɗanda aka haɗe a kan katako mai birgima, bugu da equippedari yana sanye da fulawa don kiyaye ta. Yana da kyau duka kogon ya kai mita 6x4 a cikin girmansa, tsayinsa yayi daidai da zurfin tafki, amma bai wuce mita 2.5 ba.
A kowane keji, ana ƙaddamar da kifaye a cikin adadin mutane 200 a kowace murabba'in mita 1. Don haɓaka hannun jari, ana bada shawarar ɗaukar tsoffin shekara. Tare da matsanancin kiba daga cikin keji a kowace kakar, ana samun kilo 5000 na kifayen da ake siyarwa.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata shine samar da abinci mai gina jiki, wadatar tafki ko tafki, gurɓataccen ruwa, walƙiya don jan hankalin abinci na yau da kullun: zooplankton, kwari.
Ana samun kudin shiga ba wai kawai daga siyar da kayan kifi ba, har ma da dawo da wani yanki na yankin na masu shan giya. Na gaba, an zaɓi ƙwai masu ƙwai kuma an shuka cyprinids, wanda daga nan ake sayar da shi don kiwo a wasu gonaki.
Karkunan karkara
Yin hawan asp kan mazaunin bazara a kan ci gaba mai gudana ya halatta idan yana yiwuwa a haƙa tafkin ko toshe ƙorafi tare da aƙalla girman murabba'in mita 30 da aƙalla zurfin mita 1.5. Idan babu irin wannan yanayin, asp ana bred ne kawai a lokacin rani a cikin wuraren waha na filastik.
Lokacin shirya tafki, ana buƙatar maimaita sifaffen tsarin wuraren tafki na halitta:
- Soilasan ƙasa an shimfiɗa ta a yadudduka, madadin duwatsu, yumɓu da silt.
- Suna yin daddawa tare da ido biyu.
- Ana shuka tsire-tsire na ruwa tare da bakin tekun.
- Bottomasan yakamata ya sami rami da m.
Wasu daga cikin sa'o'in hasken rana ya kamata a rage, wato, tafkunan suna buƙatar a haƙa su a yankin da inuwa daga gine-gine ko bishiyoyi suka faɗi. Wannan ya wajaba ga kifin ya ɓoye a cikin tafkin daga zafin rana.
An yarda cewa kandami yana da gado na wucin gadi wanda aka riga aka gama da shi. Ganin cewa akwai kwararar ruwa ta dabi'a a cikin tafkin, ana bada shawarar barin tushe na asali. Lokacin cika tafki tare da shigo da ruwa ko kuma famfo, ana yin kandami kamar wurin waha tare da ginin dutsen. Don haka kuna buƙatar shigar da tsarin tace ruwa.
An ƙaddamar da wannan bututun a cikin tafkin bayan ruwan ya tsaya kusan watanni da yawa - ana buƙatar wannan don ɗibar ɓarnar, ɓarɓarin tsire-tsire masu ruwa, da kuma ƙirƙirar yanayin ƙasa. Ta hanyar da ya dace, bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, asp na manya zai fara yin kaura.
Asp kifi ne mai ban mamaki, wanda, duk da yanayin jin kunyarsa, shine maɗaukakin azumin da ba ya barin kansa ta hanyar mutane masu ƙarfi. An kwatanta shi da bayyanar kyakkyawa, nama mai mahimmanci da lafiya, aikace-aikace don dafa abinci iri-iri.
A cikin abin da jikin ruwa yake faruwa
Asp kama kifi mai yiwuwa ne a cikin sabo, da guduna mai tsafta. Sauran kifin ba a nakalto ba. Yankin ruwan ya zama mai zurfi, shimfiɗa.
Babban adadin asp an mai da hankali ne a yankuna tsakanin kogunan Ural da Rhine. Saboda haka, suna haɗuwa da kifin ba kawai a cikin Rasha ba, har ma a cikin kasashen Asiya. Rhine ta ratsa kasashe 6. Sun kafa iyakar kudu da mazauni. Iyakar arewa ita ce Svir. Wannan kogin ne wanda yake hade Lake Lake da Onega.
A cikin tafkuna da yawa, an dasa asp ɗin da gangan. Don haka, a cikin hatsi na Balashikha kifin yana fitowa daga mutum. Kifi kalilan ne suka tsira. Koyaya, wani lokacin an kama shi a Balashikha.
Kogunan da asp ke zaune, suna gudana cikin Caspian, Black, Azov da Baltic Seas. A yankuna Siberian da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya, ba a samo irin katanga ba. Amma a Turai, ana samun babban wakilin dangi, yana haɗuwa a Ingila, Sweden, Norway, Faransa. Don haka asp a hoto na iya zama Asiya, Rasha da Turai.
Iri kifin asf
An raba kallon zuwa kashi 3 Na farko ana kiranta asp. Shi ne ya yi nasara a cikin koguna na Rasha. A kan sikelin masana'antu, an girbe kifin a fada. Asp - mai mallakar nama mai taushi. Ana iya rarrabe shi cikin kasusuwa. Launin nama, kamar sauran kifin, fari ne.
Asp caviar kuma mai dadi, ana fentin launin rawaya. A cikin hunturu, ana yin ma'adanan abinci saboda ɗan ci rani yayi muni. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana kama kifaye a cikin raga na kankara. Yawancin kifaye a cikin yanayin sanyi sun fada cikin wani tashin hankali mai dakatarwa. Asp, akasin haka, an kunna.
Nau'in nau'in asp shine Nahiyar Asiya. An kama shi a cikin kwari na Tigris. Kogin ya ratsa yankunan Siriya da Iraki. Peungiyar ƙananan ƙananan ta fi ta saba. Idan a cikin na farkon akwai manyan daddawa masu santimita 80 masu nauyin kilo 10, to manyan katun Asiya ba su wuce santimita 60 ba.
Kimar kifi da aka kama a cikin Tiger, bai wuce fam 2 ba. Dangane da haka, masu farautar sun fi bakin ciki fiye da yadda aka saba, marasa galihu
Abu na uku na asp shine yake daure kai. Abune mai matukar kyau ga kwarin Amur. Kifayen da ke ciki sun yi kama da mutumin da ake askewa. Wannan wani wakilin ruwa ne na gidan kifin. Amur asp yana da karamin bakin. Wannan shine bambance-bambancen kifayen. Yawan masu kaifin kan gado ya fi mai da hankali a saman kogin Amur da bakinsa. A cikin kudancin ruwan kogin kifin kusan ba a iya gani.
A cikin hoto, kwancen kai
Amur irin kifi yana fifita ruwa mara ruwa. Sauran hanyoyin tallafin dabbar suna yawan shiga zurfi. Wani kifi an rarrabe shi da ƙaura yayin rana. Da safe, asp ɗin ya kusanci gaɓar kogin, kuma da yamma sukan tafi zuwa tsakiyar rafin. Hijira kuma ya dogara da lokacin rana. As as yana son zafi da haske, sabili da haka a cikin sundial yana kiyaye kusa da farfajiya.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Spawning yana farawa a cikin bazara. Cikakken kwanakin sun dogara da yanayin yankin, dumama ruwa. A yankuna na kudanci, alal misali, kifin ya fara zama cikin tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Ciyarwa tana ƙare a farkon watan Mayu. Ruwa yakamata yai zafi akalla aƙalla 7. Mafi kyawun 15 akan ma'aunin Celsius.
Asp a cikin bazara yana fara haifuwa idan ya kai shekaru 3. Wannan iyakar iyaka ce ta mace da ta maza. Af, ba su bambanta da bayyanar. A cikin sauran kifin, dimorphism na jima'i yana faruwa yayin da maza suka fi girma fiye da mace, ko kuma akasin haka.
Don jefa qwai Asp sun kasu kashi biyu. A cikin makwabta, ana haifan zuriya na Iyalin Iyalin 8-10. Daga waje kamar alama haifuwa rukuni ne, amma a zahiri wannan ba haka bane.
Sakamakon neman wurin da ya dace don yin yawo, asp ɗin yana wucewa da nisan mil a gefen rafin zuwa saman kogunan. An zaɓi ɓangaren dutse mai zurfi ko ƙananan yashi-yashi a ƙasa mai zurfi.
Yawan kwantar da ƙwai a irin kifi yayi dabam. Za'a iya samun guda 50, kuma wataƙila 100,000. A wurin, ana riƙe ƙwai saboda matsanancin farjin ƙasan su. Fry an haife shi sati 2 bayan yawu.
Asp
Asp - Wannan babban kifi ne sosai. Masunta a koyaushe suna gasa da junan su a yunƙurin kama ƙimar mafi girma. Dayawa sunce akwai yan kasusuwa a cikin kifi. Koyaya, wannan baya rage karɓuwarsa kwata-kwata. Akwai wuraren kiwon lafiya da yawa waɗanda aka goge wannan kifin don dalilan masana'antu, ko don nishaɗinku. A cikin mutane, asp din yana da wasu sunaye - doki, riƙewa, farin ciki. Na farkon su biyun saboda wata takamaiman yanayin farauta ce. Ana kiran kifin belest saboda tsabta, kusan ƙusoshin launi. As asp wani nau'in kifi ne wanda aka kasu kashi uku.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Asp ya kasance na dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifaye masu kyawu, tsarin cyprinid, dangin cyprinid, dabi'ar halittar asp. Zuwa yau, masu binciken kimiyyar halittar dabbobi basa iya samar da cikakken bayani game da asalin halittar wannan nau'in kifin. Akwai nau'ikan asalin asalin waɗannan kifayen.A cewar daya daga cikin ka'idojin da ake dasu, tsoffin wakilan asp na zamani sun rayu a bakin tekun China na zamani, Japan, da sauran kasashen Asiya.
Menene asp ko sheresper yayi kama
Sunan kifin asp yana yiwuwa daga kalmar mai ne ko wataƙila daga azamarsa. Gashin jikin fuka-fukan suna da karfi, masu tsayayye da fadi, kuma idan ya tsallake daga ruwa ya fadada su, sun bayyana koda girma ne, mai yiwuwa saboda wannan ne ake kiran shi Sheresper.
Tun yana dan karami, kifin asp yayi matukar kama da hive, amma ana iya rarrabe shi da hive ta kananan idanunsa da wani kai da yatsa mai tsawo, harma da karami. Harshen sheresper daga masu aikin bokanci an bambanta shi da yawan hakoran fitsari da kuma furucin baki mai laushi a ciki tsakanin hanjin ciki da fin fin. Amma a lokacin balaga, bambance-bambancen asp sun riga sun bayyana a fili, kuma ba za a iya rikitar da shi tare da wasu kifaye ba, tunda ya kai girma da nauyi mai banbanci da na amai. Theididdigar yawanci na matsakaitan matsakaici shine kilogiram 2-4, amma galibi galibi suma sun fi girma, tsawon cm 70 kuma suna yin nauyin kilo 8 ko fiye.
Matasa masu sherespers suna girma sosai cikin sauri, tare da squint, tun da ƙwaya daga qwai riga a farkon Yuni, sun kai tsawon 6 cm, kuma da kaka sun riga sun girma girman ƙaramin dace, kusan 16-18 cm tsayi. Oneaya shekara ɗaya, ya kai nauyin nauyin 200, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu, nauyin ya riga ya kai gram 600, kuma a cikin shekaru uku, kifin asp zai iya kaiwa nauyin 1.2 kilogram. Wadannan wakilan dangin cyprinid sun zama na shekara a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, amma a lokaci guda samfuran da basu wuce kilogiram 2-2.5 da kyar ba zasu iya fitowa ba. Wannan shine ɗayan fishan kifi daga dangin kifi wanda ke ciyar da ƙaramin kifi.
Sheresper yana da faffadar baya, kusan rabin girman girman jikin sa. A baya na launin toka ne da ruwan toka mai launin shuɗi, bangarorin jiki suna da haske, ciki kuwa fari. Launin jikin zai iya zama inuwa daban-daban, gwargwadon mazauninsa, alal misali, idan kifin asp din ya zauna a wuraren yashi, to lallai bangarorin za su sami launin shuɗi. Rsarfin yatsun da ƙushin farin ciki yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi, ragowar ƙusoshin kuwa launin toka ne mai launin shuɗi.
Idanun kifin suna da rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da wani fizir kore a saman rabin ido. Udarfin caudal da ƙarancin dors suna da wahala da faɗi, suna taimaka masa cikin farauta don abinci, musamman ma fin ƙarfin caudal, wanda yake cinye abincinsa, ƙanƙanin ɗan kifi. Halin halayyar wannan mazaunin shine ƙananan muƙamuƙi, wanda ke daɗaɗa ɗan ci gaba, da bakin mai sheresper ba tare da hakora ba, duk da cewa maƙibi ne.
Inda aka sami asp ɗin da zama
Asp ko sheresper kifi an rarraba shi a kusan dukkanin manyan koguna na guduna suna guduwa zuwa Arewa, Baltic, Black, Caspian da Azov Seas. Kuma akwai shi a cikin ƙasashe na tsakiyar Turai, a Jamus, Austria, Denmark, Sweden da Norway. A Faransa, Ingila da kuma Kudancin Turai, kusan ba a same shi kuma ba faruwa.
Ana samun mafi yawan kifin kifayen a cikin Urals, a cikin Kogin Volga da wuraren aikinta, a cikin Kogin Kura. A cikin koguna da manyan tafkuna na Karelia da Karelian Isthmus ba su da yawa, amma duk da haka ana samun ta a Kogin Ladoga, cikin Kogin Vuoksa da sauran manyan jikin ruwa. Asp din yana zaune a cikin layukan Ilmen, Pskov da Peipsi, amma kuma ba shi da yawa a can. A cikin koguna mai zurfi, da kuma a cikin kananan tafkuna, Ba a cika aikatawa ba Scheresper.
Mafarauta, kamar sauran kifayen, suna jan hankalin koguna da magudanan ruwa da ke hana ruwa gudu, har sai an rufe ambaliyar, suna nan a can suna ciyar da kifayen da aka wanke ta hanyar kogunan ruwa, haka kuma abin da suka kama kifayen da ke zuwa wurin don ciyar da abin da ke afkawa cikin rafin bayan ambaliyar. A irin wa annan wuraren, maharban suna cin abinci cikin sauri kuma bayan sati biyu ko uku, bayan an kulle makullin, sai su tafi yadin.
Babban wuraren zamansu sun zabi fiye da lessasa rami mai zurfi, kusa da inda akwai manyan riba da yawa, mafi yawa yashi, mazaunin su, inda kamun kifin zubewa zai iya yin nasara sosai. Tare da ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi a matakin ruwa, musamman ma a cikin kogunan tekuna, sukan tashi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma su kusanci madatsar ruwa da kansu, amma idan ruwan ya ragu, sai su sake komawa ƙasa su koma wuraren bazararsu.
Koyaya, ana iya samo kifayen asp kuma ya rayu a kusan manyan tafkuna marasa kwarara, inda aka fito da su inda kuma har zuwa cikin garken, sabanin salon rayuwarsa mai zaman kanta cikin yanayin halitta. Yana da kawai farkon lokacin da Schereperses, har sai sun kai ga balaga, sun kai shekaru 2-3, ana samunsu cikin fakitoci a cikin yanayin halitta, sannan a cikin ramuka masu zurfi a lokacin hunturu. Wataƙila suna kwance a cikin ramuka don lokacin hunturu tun kafin daskarewa sannan kuma a kusan basa cin komai, wannan shine dalilin kamun kifin su a lokacin hunturu na iya zama bazuwar.
Abin da ke ci, menene asp ɗin yake ci
Asp kifi ne na rana, yana son haske da sarari, yana kiyayewa a ƙasa da zurfi cikin dare kawai. Kodayake a cikin dare a watan Mayu da Yuni suna ciyar da dare. A cikin ruwa mai zurfi, sheresper yakanyi iyo a ruwa rabin-ruwa ko kuma a cikin babba, a wurare mara zurfin yana iyo a saman ruwa, saboda haka ana iya ganin finsa mai ƙoshin lafiya. Neckanan ƙananan wuyan wuyan wuyan koyaushe suna motsawa da sauri kuma suna samar da gagarumar raƙuman ruwa tare da jikinsu, yayin da manyan mutane, akasin haka, koyaushe suna iyo a hankali da ɗan ƙarami a cikin ruwa, don haka raƙuman da suke tuƙa tare da ƙarancin ƙarancinsu ba su da yawa, amma yadu kuma yana da ƙarfi.
Tsallake sheresper daga cikin ruwa, ko fada, kamar yadda ake kiransa tsakanin masunta masu gogewa, yana nufin cewa maharbinci ya afka cikin garken ƙananan kifaye kuma, mai ban mamaki tare da buge da wutsiyarsa ɗaya ko fiye na bastards ko minnows, yana kama su da babbar bakinsa. Gabaɗaya, farautar sheresper asali ne, wannan kifin yana buge da wutsiyarsa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar burge abin da ya farauto, ƙaramin kifayen, sannan kuma ya tattara ta cikin bakinsa. Amma akwai ra'ayoyin da ba ya farautar irin wannan a duk wuraren, amma yana cin abinci mai sauƙi, kamar ɗan ɓarna, a kan hanya yana buɗe bakinsa ya bi shi kifin don kama su.
An jiyo yaƙin da dutsen Asp tun daga nesa da nesa mai nisa, tunda shi, yana tsalle daga ruwan, yana tsalle da babbar amo da hargitsi, yana maimaita irin wannan rawar sau da yawa. Yawancin lokaci dan iska, ƙarami da kyu suna zama ganima na sheresper, kifin asp yana cin abin da zhor yake da shi a wannan wuri.
Menene asp din yake ci?
Asp kifi ne mai tsinkaye, saboda haka abincin shi. A farkon matakin cigaba, menu ya kunshi kananan crustaceans, tsutsotsi da sauran kananan kwari. Bayan girmanta ya kai 30-40 cm, ya zama ainihin corsair, mai iya farautar ƙananan kifaye.
Yayin da yake girma, asp ana cinye shi da karamin kifi har ya kai tsawon cm 10 cm.
Asp ba shi da daɗi a abinci, ya gamsu da abin da ake kira nau'in weedy na kifi - tyulka, gudgeon, bleak, da sauransu.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Menene asp ɗin yayi?
Ciki abu ne kifi na kifin kifi. Kamar sauran wakilai na dangin kifi, yana da kasusuwa da yawa. An bambanta kifin ta hanyar babban, babba, gajarta jiki, wanda ke da sifar zubewa. Baya baya madaidaiciya kuma yayi kyau, yayi fentin cikin duhu, wani lokacin launi mai kyau. Sassan kifayen suna da launin toka, ciki ana fentin shi kaɗai a azurfa. Dukkan jikin an rufe shi da Sikeli na azurfa. Sanannen abu ne cewa asp din yana da wutsiya mai kauri sosai kuma mai tarin yawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙananan sashinta sun fi na sama girma. Ichthyologists lura da dama halayyar alamun waje.
Fasalin halayyar asp:
- elongated, mai lankwasa kai,
- babban baki,
- babban ƙananan muƙamuƙi
- rsayan dorsal da caudal ƙwai sune launin toka kuma suna da nasihun duhu,
- Duk sauran ƙasusuwa na jikin kifayen suna da launin ja ko ruwan lemo a gindi da launin toka kusa da ƙarshen.
Yankin sararin samaniya shine babba, mai elongated. Tana da leɓar girma, leɓɓa mai laushi da ɗan gajeran hancin juyawa. Jawoyin waɗannan cyprinids basu da hakora. Madadin haka, akwai tarkacen kwari da tsummoki. Takobin suna kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Recesses suna saman kuma an yi nufin ƙofar tukunya, waɗanda ke ƙasa. Irin wannan tsari na jaws yana baka damar kama kayan da za su iya faruwa nan take, wanda kawai bashi da damar samun ceto. Wani nau'ikan tsari na kayan aiki na baka yana ba da asp ɗin don farauta har ma da manyan abubuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin mamaki, akwai ƙaramin adadin abubuwan ɓoye cikin makogwaron asp.
Manya, manyan mutane sun kai tsawon tsawon tsayin mita 1-1.3. Girman jikin irin wannan kifaye shine kilo 11-13. Matsakaicin girman mutum wanda ya balaga yakai santimita 50-80, kuma adadin shine kilo 6-7.
Ina asf ɗin yake zaune?
Hoto: Asp a Rasha
Asp yana matukar matukar bukatar yanayin rayuwa. Kasancewar babban babban tafki mai zurfi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga wannan nau'in kifin. Dole ne ya kasance yana da tsaftataccen ruwa mai gudana da abinci mai yawa da iskar oxygen. Ba za a taɓa samun kifi a jikin ruwan da yake gurbata ba, ko kuma basu da wadataccen abinci. Yawancin jama'ar da ke zaune a yankin Rasha suna zaune a manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, manyan koguna, tekuna da tabkuna. An daidaita shi sarai cewa ana samun daidaituwa a cikin tekun kudu na Rasha, tabkuna na Arewa da na Baltic.
Yankin yanki na mazaunin kifi yana da ƙarami. Ya ratsa ta Gabas da kuma Yammacin Turai. Ichthyologists sun tsara shi a matsayin yanki tsakanin Kogin Ural da Kogin Rhine. Wannan hanyar ruwa ita ce mafi girma a Turai kuma tana ratsa kasashe shida na Turai. Yankunan kudanci na yankin kifayen sune yankuna na Tsakiyar Asiya: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, da Kyrgyzstan.
Iyakokin kudu na mazaunin kamun kifi kuma sun haɗa da:
Ana samun fishan kifayen mutane a cikin Kogin Svityaz, Neva, Onega da Ladoga Seas. Lokaci-lokaci zaku iya haduwa da Asp akan tafkin Balkhash. An kawo ta nan a wucin gadi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Asp karkashin ruwa
Wannan wakilin cyprinids ya fi son wuraren bude koguna tare da saurin yanayi, musamman makullan ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa. Irin waɗannan wurare kyakkyawan mazaunin kamun kifi ne. Suna da duk yanayin zama dole don nasarar farauta da isasshen wadataccen abinci. Sautin ruwan da rafin na ɓoye yana rufe abubuwan da ke bugun ruwan, da taimakon wanda kifayen ke samun abincinsu. A wuraren da babu irin wannan halin yanzu da hayaniyar ruwa, kifi yana da matuƙar wuya.
Asp yana daya daga cikin manyan wakilan gidan kifin. Ta hanyar dabi'a, an bashi kyakkyawar dabi'a kuma, yayin da ya kai girmansa, yana haifar da rayuwa mai yanke hukunci. Whiteness yana kula da yawan zafin jiki. Wannan ƙimar yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan girman da tsammanin rayuwa. An tsara wannan kifin a matsayin asan gwani. Ichthyologists basu sami damar tantance ainihin shekarun ba, amma sun iya sanin cewa wasu mutane sun rayu zuwa shekaru 13-15.
Tana da irin wannan rayuwar tsawon saurin walƙiya cikin sauri. Bugu da kari, kifin suna da kunya sosai. Idan ta hango wata inuwa mai gabatowa daga nesa, nan take ta ɓoye a cikin wurin da babu kowa, amintacciyar hanya. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kifi na tarawa a makarantu domin a ninka adadin su sannan a kara musu damar rayuwa. Yayinda garken suka girma, lalacewar kifaye da kifayen suna rayuwa rayuwa ta kaɗai ce kaɗai. Kifi haramun ne a cikin abinci, suna iya cin kusan duk abin da za su iya samu a cikin ruwan kogi. Godiya ga wannan, suna girma da sauri kuma suna ƙaruwa da nauyi a jiki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Asp a kan Volga
Lokacin balaga ya fara ne a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Kifi yana shirye don tsallewa yayin da yawan jikinsa ya wuce kilo kilo ɗaya da rabi. Shekarun haihuwa a cikin kifayen da ke rayuwa a yankuna na arewacin na faruwa ne shekaru biyu zuwa uku bayan kifin da ke rayuwa a kudanci.
Farkon lokacin kiwo kai tsaye ya dogara da sauyin yanayi da ruwa a cikin mazaunin kifin. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, farawa yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu kuma zai ɗauki makonni da yawa. Ruwan zafin jiki mafi dacewa don haifuwa shine daga digiri 7 zuwa 15. An haɗu da haɓakar asp, saboda haka, nau'i-nau'i nau'i biyu lokaci guda ana yin sa a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da jin ƙimar rukunin yara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A yayin haihuwar, maza suna shirya gasa don 'yancin mace. A yayin irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya, zasu iya haifar da mummunan rauni da raunin juna.
Asp ɗin yana neman wurin da ya dace don yin ɓarna. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan yana faruwa ne a kan yashi ko yadudduka masu fashewa a cikin hanyar ruwan jikin mutane masu rai. A yayin binciken, mutane da yawa suna hawa sosai zuwa sama ko da sun matsa lamba daga bakin. Mace mai matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsalle ta kai kimanin 60,000 zuwa 100,000 ƙwai, waɗanda suke sauka akan mai tushe da sauran sassan ciyayi da suke mutuwa lokacin hunturu. An rufe qwai da wani abu mai ƙarfi, saboda abin da aka tsayar dasu akan ciyayi.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau da yawan zafin jiki mai kyau, bayan kimanin makonni 3-4, larvae ya bayyana. Idan yawan zafin jiki na kasa da matsakaici ne, lardin yakan fito ne daga qwai daga baya.
Maƙiyi asp
Hoto: Babban asp
Tashin asp shine kifayen da suke wuce gona da iri, masu kama da hankali wanda a bayyane yake da matukar taka tsantsan, da ji sosai, hangen nesa da sauran gabobin gabbai. Ko da a lokacin da kifin farauta, yana sarrafa duka sararin samaniya a kusa da har ma daga nesa lura da yiwuwar haɗari ko abokan gaba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kananan dabbobi da larvae suna da mafi yawan abokan gaba, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke tara garken tumaki.
Abokan gaba na ƙyamar yaƙi:
Koyaya, kifin yana da hankali kuma yana da haɓaka gabobin halittu masu azanci, yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa mara amfani. Game da wannan, asp din ya zama abun kamun kifi a ƙasashen Turai da dama. Koyaya, yana da matukar wahala a kama shi.
Hakanan, gurbatattun wuraren rafin da suke rayuwa a ciki wanda kifayen ke rayuwa kai tsaye yana shafar yawan jama'a. Wannan yana haifar da mutuwar yawancin kifaye, musamman idan ruwan ya gurbata da kwararar masana'antu da ƙurar fasaha.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Menene asp ɗin yayi?
A yau, yawan kifin yana raguwa cikin sauri a yankuna daban-daban na mazauninsa. Babban dalilan faruwar wannan lamari shine kamun da wasu matasa suka yi wanda ba zai iya rayuwa har zuwa lokacin kiwo, da kuma gurɓata wurin zamansu na asali.
Zuwa yau, irin wannan tallafin kamar Asp Asiya shine mafi karancin yawa. Gidajen asali na wannan tallafin shine rafin kogin a cikin yankuna irin su Iraq da Syria.
Tare da rage yawan jama'a, farashin wannan kifin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan na taimaka wajan kara yawan masu bautar. Suna amfani da na'urorin da aka haramta da kayan kamun kifi don farauta asp. A cikin mazaunin Asp, manyan mahararanan da ke da farauta sun zauna kusa da su, wanda da yawa suna kama su daga ruwa yayin farauta, wanda kuma ke rage adadin su.
Sakamakon mummunan tasiri ga yawan jama'a shine canji a yanayin yanayi da sanyaya sanyi. Kifi suna da matukar damuwa ga irin wannan abin mamaki. Sakamakon canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa, tsammanin rayuwa yana raguwa kuma lokacin kiwo ya jinkirta.
Kariyar asp
Hoto: Red Book Asp
Sakamakon cewa yawan asp yana raguwa koyaushe, kuma adadin asp ta Tsakiya yana da ƙanƙanta, an danganta shi ga nau'ikan da ba a san ko su wane ne ba, kuma suna jerin sunaye a cikin International Red Book.
Dangane da wannan, internationalungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa don ba da kariya ga wakilan nakasassu na rashin hankali da fauna suna haɓaka shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke da niyya da haɓaka adadin asf.Sun haɗa da cikakken bincike game da salon rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, da sauran abubuwan da alamomi da alamomi da suka zama dole domin samar da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa don kiwon kifaye a yanayin kiba.
Haramun ne a kamun kifi a yankunan wuraren zama na yau da kullun, musamman tare da taimakon raga da hanyoyin da aka hana. Kifayen kifi suna kula dashi kuma kifayen suna kama shi. Wadanda suka karya doka da kuma dokokin da suka gabata suna fuskantar hukuncin ladabtarwa ta fuskar biyan tara ta musamman mai yawa.
Masana'antu da masana'antu waɗanda sharar su na iya haifar da gurbata yanayin muhalli da mutuwar kifaye ana buƙata don samar da tsarin kula da sharar gida.
Asp - Wannan kaddara ce, a maimakon manyan kifayen dangin kifi. Naman sa yana da dandano na musamman da abubuwa da yawa masu amfani ga ɗan adam, duk da cewa ba tare da yawan ƙasusuwa ba. Har zuwa yau, yawan waɗannan kifayen suna ƙanƙantarsu, dangane da wanda aka jera asp ɗin a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya.