Sanarwar, kamar yadda kowa ya sani, ya kasance ne daga dangin cyprinids (Cyprinidae). A cikin wannan babban dangi - kusan nau'ikan dubu biyu da rabi - ana rarraba nau'in Baman a matsayin mafi girma na tsalle-tsalle (Leuciscinae). 'Yan uwanta na kusa sune: fararen-ido, bluebill, siginar azurfa, dace, rudd, roach, podust da wasu, ƙaramar sanannun kifi.
Cyprinids yana yadu ko'ina a cikin duniya (ba'a samo su ba kawai a Kudancin Amurka), amma nau'in sigar fata bata wuce iyakokin Tsohon Duniya ba. A nan yana zaune kusan ko'ina cikin koguna, tafkuna da wuraren da aka yanke wa Arewa, Baltic, Farar fata (zuwa Pechora), Aegean, Black, Azov, Caspian da Aral sea. Da farko dai, wurin zama na biyun bai tafi gabas da tsaunin Ural ba, amma a cikin 1950-1970. An shigar da shi cikin Kogin Ural, a cikin kwarin Ob da Irtysh, zuwa Yenisei, Lena da kuma tafkin Baikal-Angarsk.
A cikin ƙananan ƙananan na Dnieper, Don da Volga, sashin fata yana samar da nau'i biyu - mazaunin gida da na rabin hanya. Latterarshen yana ciyarwa a cikin teku kuma yana shimfiɗa ƙananan kwari. A ɓangaren kudu na kewayon, a Tsakiyar Asiya, akwai ƙarami, mai tsayi, mai siffar reza.
Bambam da ke zaune har zuwa shekaru 20, zai iya kaiwa tsawon 75-80 cm da kuma kilogiram 6-9. Bream ya fi son zama a cikin koguna masu sannu a hankali, a cikin tabkuna da wuraren tafkuna. Yawancinsu suna ciyar da ƙananan dabarun ƙananan kwari (larvae, mollusks, tsutsotsi, crustaceans), amma a lokaci guda sun sami damar ciyar da ƙananan zooplankton sosai. Moutharan da ke jujjuyawar ya ba da damar satar naman ta fitar da abinci daga ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm.
Ciyar da daddawa tana faruwa a zazzabi na ruwa na 12-14. A kudu - daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuni, a arewa - a watan Mayu-Yuni.
Akwai kifaye da yawa a Rasha waɗanda suka yi kama sosai da na fata. Daga cikinsu akwai danginsa na kud da kud (fari-ido, blue-eyed, ƙarancin kiwo), da kuma nau'ikan halittu masu nisa (baki da fari Amur bream).
Fuska Gashi (Abramis sapa)
Jiki ya ɗan elongated fiye da sardo. Yankin hancin ya kasance lokacin farin ciki, bakin yana jujjuyawa, rabi-low. Launi launin launin launin toka ne. Insusoshin suna da launin toka-toka, ba a daɗe - da gefuna masu duhu. Loarshen ƙaramin fin dusasshen ƙabe yana da elongated.
Single-jere pharyngeal hakora. Babban wuraren zama an tsare su ne a cikin koguna na Tekun Baƙi da na Caspian: kwandunan Danube (har zuwa Vienna), Dniester, Prut, Bug, Dnieper, Don, Kuban, Volga, Kama, Vyatka, Urals. A da, ta hadu ne a cikin Volga har zuwa ƙarshenta (Kogin Tvertsa, Kogin Seliger), amma yanzu ya zama da wuya a nan, idan bai ɓace ba kwata-kwata, ba a cikin Kogin Moscow. White-ido yana cikin kogin. Volkhov kuma a cikin Volkhov Bay na Lake Ladoga. Ana samunsa da yawa a cikin koguna Vychegda da Severnaya Dvina.
Isar da shekaru 7-8, tsawon 41 cm da nauyin 0.8 kg.
Gustera (Blicca bjoerkna)
Jiki yana da girma, tare da daskararren hump. Udwancin farin santi yana da ƙarfi, gashinansa kusan tsawonsu ɗaya ne. Shugaban yana karami, ido yayi kadan. Bakin yana dafele, rabin-ƙananan, ƙarami. Bayan ƙashin bayan ƙwallon kafa akwai keel wanda ba a rufe shi da sikeli. A bayan bayan kai, Sikeli daga bangarorin jikinsa baya rufewa, kuma tsagi ba'a rufe siffofin Sikeli a bayan murfin baya. Sikeli a bango na kai ya fi na saƙar fata. Sikeli yana da kauri, da madaidaiciya, daga layin gefe zuwa sama ba ya raguwa da girmansa. Fasassu marasa gashi suna launin toka, fiɗa da ventral a gindi suna da ja. Fushin hakora suna da layi biyu.
An bazu ko'ina cikin Turai a gabashin Pyrenees da arewacin Alps da Balkans. Tana zaune a cikin koguna da layukan kwarranan arewacin, Baltic, Baki, Azov da tekun Caspian. A cikin Farin Kogin Bahar Mani, an gano sigar a cikin lagoyoyin kwarin kogin Onega da Arewacin Dvina, da wuya a cikin Dvina ta Arewa da wuraren aikinta.
Yana zaune bai wuce shekaru 15 ba, ya kai tsawon 35 cm kuma taro mai nauyin kilogram 1.2.
Sinets (Abram ballerus)
Jikin yana da elongated, kasa da girman sigar. Kwakwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta abu ne mai ƙarancin gajere. Udan farin ya gama ficewarsa; Babban launi shine haske, yawanci pelagic: baya mai duhu, wani ɓangaren jiki yana sanya shuɗi, ɓangarorin suna da haske, ciki yana da fari. Single-jere pharyngeal hakora.
Yana zaune a Turai daga Rhine gabas zuwa Urals. Yankin arewa na iyakar ya wuce ta Kudancin Karelia; akwai a cikin Syamozero da wasu layukan kogin. Shui, har ma a cikin Vodlozero. Hakanan an lura da sinadarai a cikin yankin Arkhangelsk (ginin kogin Onega). Ana samunsa a cikin Volkhov, Ilmen, a yankin Kudancin Ladoga, Neva, Narova, a kudancin sassan Finland da Sweden. A cikin kwari, daga ƙananan zuwa ƙudan wuta, yana da yawa a cikin tafki, kuma mafi yawa a Rybinsk.
Ya kai shekara 9-10, tsawon 45 cm da nauyi 600 g.
BakiAmursigar asali(Megalobrama terminalis)
Abun baya na bayan kai yana tashi a cikin tsaka mai wuya. Launi na baya baki ne, gewaye, ciki da dukkan ƙeƙashin suma duhu ne. Bakan gizo idanun yayi duhu. Shugaban karami ne. Bakin yana karami, mai iyaka. A bayan ƙwanƙwasa ventral ƙusa, ba a rufe da sikeli. Tsarin hakora uku-uku. Tsawon hanjin shine kashi 150% na tsawon jikin mutum.
Rarraba: Gabashin Asiya, daga yankin Amur a arewa zuwa kudu China (Canton) a kudu. Sama da Amur sai ya hau sama da Blagoveshchensk, an gano shi zuwa Novo-Ilyinovka. Akwai a cikin Sungari, Ussuri da Lake. Hanka. Ana samun mafi ƙarancin lokaci fiye da farin Amur.
Kai da tsawon 60 cm da salla of 3 kg. Tsammani rayuwa na akalla shekaru 10.
Kifi mai mahimmanci, dangane da halaye na kasuwanci ana kimanta shi da kifin ciyawa. Yawan ya kasance koyaushe yana ƙasa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya ragu sosai. A cikin tafkin Hanka a halin yanzu ya kan zo aukuwa ne kawai. A matsayin nau'in haɗari, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Federationungiyar Rasha. Dalilan da ke jawo raguwar lambobi lamari ne mai wuce gona da iri a wuraren shakatawa na kasar Sin da raguwar abubuwan ruwan Amur.
Amur fararen fata (Parabramis pekinensis)
Bakin yana karami, mai iyaka. A cikin ciki ba karamar kila ba ce daga ƙashin kansa zuwa sama na dubura. A baya launin toka ne mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, bangarorin da ciki sune azurfa. Abubuwan da aka haɗa su da ƙwalƙwalwa suna da haske, ƙwalƙwalwa da caudal sun yi duhu. Allarshen ƙyallen ƙyallen ƙyallen fata baƙi ne. Tsarin hakora uku-uku. Kashi na ukun kashi-kashi.
An rarraba shi daga tasirin Amur a arewa zuwa Kudancin China (Shanghai, Tsibirin Hainan) a kudu. A cikin kwarin Amur ana samun sa a tsakiyar sa da ƙasan sa, ana samunsa a Ussuri, Sungari, da Lake. Hanka. A cikin shekarun 1950s An kawo shi cikin jikin ruwan Asiya ta Tsakiya (kwandunan Amu Darya da Syr Darya) da Turai.
Yana kaiwa tsawon 55 cm da taro mai nauyin 4.1. Yana zaune har zuwa shekaru 15-16.
Hustera da mai sihiri daidai suke
A scavenger ne samfurin ƙamus na matasa, ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sanannun masunta. Iyalin cyprinids. Launin launuka ya dogara da shekaru da mazauninsu. A cikin matasa mutane, da sikeli ne yawanci azurfa-m, tare da shekaru ya zama zinariya. Ana kiyaye scavenger a cikin kananan kungiyoyi kuma a cikin wuraren da ke cikin babban tafki. Yawancin lokaci ana samun shi mai hankali ne da kulawa. Masu satar hunturu a wurare masu zurfi a bangare guda cikin koguna da kuma a cikin teku.
Gustera
Gustera - sabanin tsoratar da ke cikin tafkunanmu ba shi da yawa. Ita kadai ce wakilin halittar Blicca. Tana riƙe da akasin haka, a cikin babban garken tare da mutane masu irin girman su. Yakan tafi daidai kuma da himma akan koto, fitar da kai da wuce gona da iri koda manyan kwari ne. Babban nau'ikan dabbobi ana saninsa da babban garken garken. Sikeli suna da launin shuɗi
Wadannan nau'ikan kifaye guda biyu suna kama da juna a kamannin jikin, launin sikeli, kuma ana samun su a cikin tafukan iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, don kada a ɓatar da wanene wanene, bari mu kalli kowane kifin daki-daki.
A cikin bidiyon na gaba, malamin zai iya gani da magana game da bambance-bambance tsakanin sigar fata da sisi.
Bambanci a cikin launi da kuma kyakkyawan fasalin
Gustera - Tana da rasch 8 da hassal mai sau 3 a cikin fin din dorsal, 20-24 branch da haskoki 3 masu sauƙi a cikin fin fin.
- Aiyalli masu haɗe biyu - Wannan ita ce alama mafi bayyananniya cewa a gabanku akwai satar kudi, kuma ba sigar fata ba ce.
- Insarancin da ba a taɓa shafawa da launin toka
Binder - Yana da fin fin fin tsafi, yana samo asali a gaban fin finiko.
- Grayaƙƙarfan launin toka na mai ɗaukar hoto ya yi duhu akan lokaci.
- Kimanin haskoki 30 a cikin fin fin.
Bambanci tsakanin mai hustlers da scammer
Gustera da scavenger sun kasance akalla daga dangin cyprinid, amma duk da haka suna da abubuwa da yawa daban-daban, kuma a zahiri sun banbanta sosai da bita ta waje.
Ya kamata kuma ku sani cewa sigar bata girma fiye da 35-36 cm tare da nauyin kilogram 1.2 (ban taɓa samun irin wannan ba), kuma Biya na iya zama 75-77 cm tsayi kuma yana nauyin 6-7 kilo.
Amma farkon mai iya gano abu a waje na iya rikita shi da sigar gida.
Fins
Tare da ƙusoshin hancin, akwai kawai fasalin halayyar da za'a iya gani tare da ido tsirara kuma kada a rikice tare da satar daga tsohuwar.
Faƙwalwa masu haɗe biyu koyaushe ruwan lemo ne ko ja don hustlers, da launin toka da baki don fata ko almara.
Bugu da ƙari, wutsiya tana kai ruwa a kan tudu, kuma musamman a cikin tsuliya, sun bambanta da yawan haskoki. Bambaye suna da yawancin su.
Tail
A cikin wutsiyoyin wadannan kifayen, ana kuma iya bambance bambance. Don haka, a cikin husters, gashin gashin tsuntsaye guda iri ɗaya ne kuma akwai shuɗakuwar daraja tsakanin su.
Kuma ga scavenger (sigar fata), gashin tsuntsu na sama ya fi guntu fiye da ƙananan kuma yankewar yana a kusurwar dama.
Wata alama ce ta yadda ake bambance tsakanin huster daga haƙoran haƙoran haƙoran hakora. Iyaye suna da ƙarin hakora kuma suna cikin layuka 2. Lokacin da kamar baƙar fata, akwai hakora 5 a kowane gefe.