Dabba kyakkyawa, siririn dabba game da girman diya dee: tsawon jikinta 100-130 cm, tsayin kafada 80-100 cm, nauyi 35-60 kg.
A cikin maza, gajeru, har zuwa 30 cm, ƙaho mai kauri wadanda aka yi wa lakabi da cokali mai yatsa; cikin mace, ƙaho sun fi ƙanƙanana (5-7 cm) ba bifurcated ba. Kakakin bonean ragon ɓawon wuta, har ma da ƙahonin gumaka (bijimai, awaki, kwari), sandunan ƙasa ne da aka rufe da murfin ƙaho. Ko yaya, dabbobi masu tsinkaye sune kawai dabbobin da ake jefa murfin ƙaho a shekara kuma suke girma. Canjin ƙaho yana faruwa bayan lokacin kiwo kuma yana ɗaukar fiye da watanni 4.
Launin 'yar kwayar' yar kwayar 'yar alamar gogewa - launin ruwan kasa a sama da haske a ƙasa, tare da farin lunate daidai a makogwaro da kuma wani farin “madubi”. Maza suna da baki rabin wuya a makogwaro da kuma “baki”. Ragowar gashi mai kauri ne kuma dan kadan, a wuyansa ya zama kamar cinya Gorunan kamshi na ciki (infraorbital, caudal, da sauransu) suna haɓaka ƙira a cikin zurfin ƙwayoyi.
Siffofin Anatomi
Pronghorns suna dacewa sosai don motsi mai sauri saboda godiya ga matsanancin trachea, huhu mai ƙonawa da babban zuciya, wanda da sauri yana fitar da jinin mai wadatar oxygen a jiki. Rawan namiji yana da zuciya sau biyu rago daidai da rago. Adsasassun katukan kwalliya a ƙafafun gaba suna ba da izinin shiga daga cinyar ƙasa da kanta.
Pronghorn
Don saurin sa da iyawar sa, an sa wa wannan dabbar dabba mai suna "fatalwar siyarwa"
Pronghorn (Latin: Antilocapra americana) wani shahararren rana ne, mafi tsufa daga cikin ungulates na Arewacin Amurka ne kawai wakilin zamani na gidan Pronghorn (Antilocapridae), wanda a cikin Pliocene da Pleistocene sun ƙunshi akalla nau'in 70.
Pronghorn Halayyar da Abinci
A cikin hunturu, Pronghorns ya haɗu cikin manyan garken, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilan mata da maza. A wannan lokacin, suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren da suke da wadataccen abinci. Bayan sun isa sabon wuri, garkunan sun watse. Maza matasa sun kirkiro nasu kungiyoyin, kuma mata suna haduwa cikin rukuni daban.
Maza da suka balaga, sama da shekara 3, sun mallaki yankuna nasu, wanda mata suke zuwa lokacin girbi. Wasu lokuta mata kan kasance daga wani namiji zuwa wani, don suna iya nuna halayen sati 2. Tare da dusar ƙanƙara ta farko, horan fari sun sake haɗuwa a cikin garken gauraye, kuma a lokacin bazara ana haihuwar sabon ƙarni.
Abincin ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire na ganye. Pronghorns na iya cin tsire-tsire masu guba ga dabbobi. Wadannan dabbobin suna samun danshi musamman daga abinci, amma suna ƙoƙari kada suyi nesa da jikin ruwa. Sukan guji wuraren bushewa.
Pronghorns suna zaune a cikin garkunan dabbobi.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Pronghorns dabbobi ne masu yawan aure, a lokacin hailarsu ya fara ne a farkon farkon Satumba kuma yana da makonni 2. Maza suna yin faɗa a tsakaninsu. Masu cin nasara suna samun kuzari tare da mata 4-12.
Lokacin haila a cikin mace yana da watanni 7-8. 50% daga cikinsu suna haihuwar tagwaye. Kowane jariri yana yin kimanin kilo 3. 'Ya'yan maraƙin suna da launin launi. Makonni uku, sai ɗan ya ɓoye a cikin ciyawa, sannan kuma ya fara gudu da sauri. Lokacin wata 3 da haihuwa, kusan ya kai girman girma. Balaga ta faru ne a cikin watanni 15-16. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin daji a matsakaici daga shekaru 8 zuwa 10, amma wasu mutane sun kai shekaru 15.
Pronghorns suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10.
Lambar
A cikin shekarar 1920, yawan mutanen da suke zaune iri-iri sun kunshi kusan dubu 13, kuma a farkon karni na 19 wannan lambar ta riga ta wuce alamar miliyan. A yau, yawan jama'a ya ƙunshi mutane miliyan ɗaya. An sami ƙaruwa da ƙaruwa da godiya ga tsayayyun dokoki.
Harbi ko tarko da waɗannan dabbobin na buƙatar izini na musamman. Wannan doka tana aiki a duk jihohin yammacin Amurka. Manyan abokan halayyar mu na halitta a cikin daji sune lynxes, Wolves da coyotes.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Rayuwa & Abinci
A cikin kaka da damuna, Pronghorns suna taruwa cikin ɗaruruwan garken tare da jagora a kawunansu. Garkunan sun yi ƙaura bisa ga wadatar abinci da ruwa. Maza da yawa sukan tsaya su kaɗai. A lokacin rani, mata da maza guda ɗaya suna zaune a cikin ƙaramar ƙungiyoyi, maza da suka girmi shekaru 3 sun mamaye wurare daga 0.23 zuwa 4.34 km 2 na yanki wanda ke kare su daga sauran maza.
Tsarin faɗakarwa mai ban sha'awa da faɗakarwa a cikin garken 'yan raguna. Lokacin da mai tsaron gidan ya ga hadarin, sai ya rushe gashin farin “madubi”, wanda ya zama kamar gilashi mai girma. Sauran dabbobin nan da nan suna maimaita wannan siginar, wanda ake iya gani ga tsirara fiye da 4 kilomita, kuma damuwa ta rufe duk garken.
Yawancin rukuni na horan kwaɗo yakan haifar da mace, kuma namiji shine na ƙarshe don kiyayewa har zuwa baya. Wannan yana ba mu damar bambanta maza daga mata daga nesa.
Harshen ciyawa, ciki har da mai guba, ɗan ƙaramin bishiyun bishiyoyi da cacti, suna ciyarwa azaman ga ƙwaryar 'yar iri biyu. Suna shan ɗan kaɗan, idan babu kafofin don makonni za su iya gamsuwa da danshi mai dauke da tsire-tsire. Wannan fasalin yana bada damar pronghorn ya shiga cikin yankuna masu bushewa da hamada. Kuje ko'ina na agogo.
Pronghorn ita ce dabba ta biyu a cikin duniya a cikin gudu, na biyu kawai ga cheetah. Zai iya kaiwa da sauri har zuwa 67 km / h, yayin tsalle 3.5-6 a tsawon. Rikodin saurin - 88.5 km / h. Koyaya, dabba zata iya tsayayya da irin wannan yanayin baya wuce 5-6 km. Theaukar gudu na yau da kullun na tsawon guda shine 48km / h.
Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya
Komawa a cikin karni na XIX. Pronghorn ya hadu da manyan garken dabbobi kuma an haxa shi sosai don samar da nama da fata, amma ya zuwa shekarar 1908 an rage yawan jama'arta mai yawan miliyoyi zuwa 20,000. Sakamakon kariya da ƙuntatawa daga farauta, an maido da dabbobin zuwa ga mutane miliyan 2-3. Babban magabatan su ne kyarkeci, coyotes da jan lynxes. Rayuwa ta rayuwa a cikin zurfin yanayi shine 5-7, da wuya shekaru 10-12.
2 masu tallafi (A. a. sashin ƙasa mai shiga teku da A. a. sonoriensis) an jera su a cikin IUCN Red list.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Harshen ciyawa, ciki har da mai guba, ɗan ƙaramin bishiyun bishiyoyi da cacti, suna ciyarwa azaman ga ƙwaryar 'yar iri biyu. Suna shan ɗan kaɗan, idan babu kafofin don makonni za su iya gamsuwa da danshi mai dauke da tsire-tsire.
Wannan fasalin yana bada damar pronghorn ya shiga cikin yankuna masu bushewa da hamada. Kuje ko'ina na agogo.
Yanayin horo yana samuwa ne kawai ga masu amfani da izini.
Fasalin yanayin horo:
- kalli labaru azaman nunin faifai
- da ikon sauraren ɗaukar murya akan kowane nunin faifai
- damar da za ku iya ƙara kanku, muryar yara
- gwaji don yara don ɗaukar abu
- tarin hotuna musamman da hotuna da bidiyo don inganta tsinkaye
- haɗi zuwa ƙarin darussan horo
Ana amfani da murya yayin yanayin horo.
Bidiyo da ke akwai a yanayin horo
Pronghorn shine mafi tsufa dabba dabba a Arewacin Amurka. Ya kasance ga dangin Vilorogov. A da akwai nau'in halittar mai yawa da yawa, yanzu guda ɗaya ne suka rage.
Pronghorn yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka daga kudu maso yammacin Kanada zuwa arewacin Mexico.
Horan bawan ya sami sunan shi ga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho wanda yayi kama da furu-fukai.
Pronghorn yakan saukar da kahon sa a duk shekara kuma yana girma sababbi.
Pronghorn dabba ce mai santsi da kyawawan dabbobi. Idanunsa suna kan bangarorin kuma ya ga komai a kewayen.
Pronghorn yana da kyawawan launuka ja da fari. A wuyansa wuyan wani abin wuya ne.
Pronghorn yana da babban ƙarfin zuciya. Yana sauri yana jan jini ta jiki, kuma wannan yana ba da cikakken iko sosai. Saboda haka, pronghorn yana gudana da sauri.
Pronghorns sune wuraren herbivores. Suna cin kowane tsirrai, har ma da guba. Pronghorns suna samun ruwa daga ciyawa, saboda haka ba za su sha ba na tsawon makonni. Amma suna ci koyaushe.
A cikin kaka da hunturu, Pronghorns suna tattarawa cikin garken dabbobi. Jagoran yana nada mai tsaro wanda zai lura idan akwai makiyi a kusa. Lokacin da mai tsaro ya lura da haɗari, sai ya fasa gashin farinsa. Sauran dabbobin suna maimaita wannan siginar, kuma damuwa ta rufe garken duka.
Saboda nama, ƙaho da fatalwar, mutane sun daɗe suna kare Pronghorns. Saboda haka, 'yan dubbai suka rage a cikin duniya a farkon karni na 20. Yanzu jerin sunayen horan wasa a cikin Littafin Ruwan ciki, an tsare su.
A lokacin hada-hada, maza sukan shirya fada don mace. Don yin wannan, suna amfani da kaho mai kaifi.
Mace na haihuwa jarirai 1-2 sau daya a shekara. Ciki yakan kai watanni 8. Jariri ba shi da taimako, suna ɓoye cikin ciyawa. Amma a watanni 1.5 jariran sun shiga garken, kuma a watanni 3 sai suka canza zuwa abincin ciyawa. Pronghorn yana da tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7.