Rajapushka kifi ne mai ban mamaki, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mai mahimmanci ga masu amfani. Ana amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita iri-iri waɗanda ke ƙasa da adadin kuzari, saboda wannan yana da amfani don amfani da kifi ga mutanen da ke kan abinci. Hakanan ana kiranta Rapushka ripus, kilts. A labarin ya tattauna hanyoyin kamun kifi da yadda ake kiwo a cikin ƙasar.

Bayyanarce da iri

Razapushka a matsayin nau'in farin kifi yana da reshe:

• Turakin turai. Na dabam, an bambanta jinsunan Pereslavl, amma a zahiri yana cikin ƙasashen Turai,
• Jirgin Siberian,
• Belomorskaya.

Turakin turai wanda aka fi sani da kilz, ko ripus. Matsakaicin girman wannan kifin yana daga santimita 13 zuwa 20, duk da haka, matsakaicin tsararren jikinsa ya kasance santimita 35 tare da taro mai kusan gram 1000. Siffar jikin kifin tayi kama da herring: ya lalace daga bangarorin, kuma akwai daraja a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Jawarƙashin bebe kuma ya shimfiɗa sama da babba. Sikeli ba su da girma, amma fa'idodi na 91–96 ya dace a jere a kan layin gefe. A baya launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗanɗano launin toka, ciki ya yi fari, sannan wutsiya da ƙusoshin ƙashi sun kasance launin toka, ragowar ƙyallen fenti ko wani kusa da fari.

Creeper da ke rayuwa a cikin Siberiya yana da irin wannan yanayin. Hatta girmanta ya kasance iri ɗaya: girki yana haɓaka da santimita 35, kuma babban taro bai wuce kilo 1 ba. Wannan nau'in kifayen suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12 ko 15. Kuma ya kai lokacin haihuwa yayin shekaru 6, lokacin da nauyin jikin ya kai gram 200.

Jirgin ruwan White Sea yana da mafi girman karami: a tsayinsa bai wuce santimita 25 ba tare da adadinsa bai wuce gram 300 ba. Mafi yawan kifaye a tsawon sa sun kai santimita 16 zuwa 17, kuma da nauyi - grams 50. Idan tana zaune a cikin wani tafki, to girman kayan tata ya zama ƙanana. Jikin Kaya na Kare bakin Teku ya zama kunkuntar, baya ya yi kauri, ciki kuma yana hade. Launin jikin mutum iri ɗaya ne da na sauran nau'ikan kayan sayarwa, ban da ƙusoshin, waɗanda aka fentin fararen fata, kuma saman su shine baƙar fata. Bakin kifin yana fuskantar sama.

Bayanin

Girman kayan sayarwa shine 13-20 santimita. Musamman manyan mutane zasu iya kaiwa tsawon 35 santimita. Siffar gidan kayan kwalliya tana kama da herring a bayyane, jikinta yana ɗan gauraye a gefan, muƙamuƙin sama ya fi guntu, da ƙayyadaddun sanarwa akan ƙananan muƙamuƙin. An rufe jikin kifin tare da manyan sikeli, bangarorin suna da launi mai kyau, baya yana launin toka-shuɗi, ciki yana da fari. Fifin kifayen fararen fata ne, ban da cinikin ƙura da ƙura, waɗanda suke launin toka.

Mazaunin kayan sayarwa

Räpuska ya fi son zama a cikin ruwan arewa. Sabili da haka, a Rasha ana iya samunsa a cikin manyan tafkuna, irin su Onega, Ladoga, White, Plescheevo, Chudskoe, Pskov. Wasu lokuta ana samun shi a cikin koguna, kuma yana zaune a cikin hanyoyin Biliyoyin da na Finnif na Tekun Baltic.

Creeper fi son ƙasa mai zurfi tare da yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi. Kifi yana guje wa ruwa mai ɗumi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Baya ga Rasha, zaku iya samun kayan sayarwa a cikin Scotland, Denmark, Belarus, Jamus, Scandinavia, Finland.

Kifi yafi ciyar da kan ƙananan crustaceans (cyclops, daphnia, da dai sauransu). Don samun abinci, kayan sayarwa koyaushe garken zuwa ƙananan zurfin cikin fakitoci.

Kifi yana farawa ne a ƙarshen kaka ko a farkon hunturu. A cikin tabkuna na arewacin, kifi ya ɓaci kaɗan - a farkon Satumba, kuma a cikin tafkunan Peipsi da Plescheevsky - daga tsakiyar Nuwamba zuwa tsakiyar Disamba. Qwai na ƙananan kayan sayarwa ƙanana ne kuma a diamita kawai milimita 1.5, amma a lokaci guda suna da yawa sosai - ƙwai 3600 a cikin mata. Ikon haifuwa a cikin kifi ya riga ya bayyana a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, lokacin da girmanta ya kai kusan santimita 7.

Mafi sharrin maƙiyi na kayan sayarwa a cikin al'amuran yanayi shine ƙyallen maƙaryaciya, wanda yake ciyar da matasa da mashin wannan kifin.

Duk da ƙananan girmanta, ire-ire abu ne mai kama kifi. Abincin dafa abinci yana yiwuwa a kusan kowane nau'i - soyayyen, kyafaffen, salted. Hakanan, ana daukar caviar kifayen kayan abinci mai mahimmanci.

An kama dabbar ta amfani da raga na kayayyaki iri-iri, kuma da kyar ake kama kifin a ƙugiya. A Rasha, kifi yana kan gab da ƙarewa saboda yawan masu farautar yara, amma a Jamus ana buge da shi a cikin tafkuna na musamman.

Abun ciki da adadin kuzari na kayan ƙira

Kifi ya ƙunshi ruwa, sunadarai da mai, da ma'adanai: fluorine, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, nickel, histidine, alli, chromium, chlorine, molybdenum, da bitamin PP.

Naman naman yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin omega-3 acid, da kuma alli da phosphorus. A cikin wannan haɗin, ɗaukar alli yana faruwa tare da dawowa mafi kyau don jiki.

Wani mahimmancin amfani da kayan sayarwa shine babban sinadarin magnesium (175 mg da 100 g na samfurin).

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kifin ruwa mai kyau, adadin kuzari na kayan masarufi yayi ƙasa kaɗan kuma ya kai 78 kcal a cikin 100 g na samfur. Sabili da haka, yin amfani da kayan kwalliya cikakke ne ga tsarin abinci.

Fa'idodi da kaddarorin kayan masarufi

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, omega-3 polyunsaturated fat acids suna nan a cikin kayan sayarwa, wanda ayanzu ya yanke da sauri, wanda yasa kifin ya zama samfurin lalacewa. Rayuwar shiryayye na sabo shine kada ya wuce wata rana, kuma yafi kyau a adana shi a kankara.

A cikin ƙarni na 15-18, sayarwa dama ce ta tebur na sarauta, jita-jita daga gare ta har ma wani muhimmin sashe ne na dokar hana baƙi zuwa masarauta ko kuma Babban Ikoli na Moscow. Kuma, duk da haka, kayan abinci mai gina jiki na kayan abinci sun samar da abinci mai dacewa ga tsokoki da zuciya, har da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Haɗin abubuwa kamar su histidine da magnesium a cikin naman kifi yana ta da jijiyoyi da rigakafi.

Kuma saboda kifin za a iya jigilar kifin a kan nesa mai nisa, ana fuskantar daskarewa mai zurfi, wanda ke ba da damar adana kyawawan halayenta na dogon lokaci. Sizearancin girman kifin ya fi lada ta ɗan adadin ƙasusuwa - ba sama da 9% ba. Dukkan abubuwan da ke da kyau da abinci mai kyau na kifaye ana adana su koda kuwa an salted ko an sha.

Hanyar dafa kayan dafa abinci

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dafa abinci. An nuna godiya a cikin kyafaffen, mai gishiri, sabo ne. Daga ciki zaku iya dafa jita-jita kamar "Sprats na gida daga kayan sayarwa", "marinateda marinated", "Racupa soyayyen tare da kirim mai tsami", da sauransu.

Wannan kifin ne wanda ya shagaltar da abincin gargajiya na gargajiya na Finnish - kek da aka yi da sabon soyayyen kullu.

Kuma a nan ita ce hanya guda don dafa kayan masarufi: wanke kifin sosai, cire fata daga ciki ku bar ruwa ya malale. Sanya kifin a cikin busasshen miya, ƙona shi da ruwan zãfi kuma dafa don wani lokaci, yana motsa su lokaci-lokaci. Idan aka tafasa kifin, sanyaya shi. A wannan lokacin, shirya miya na ganye, bay, kabeji, yankakken cuku da gishiri (duk abubuwan da aka gyara dole ne a dafa su). Canja wurin kifin a cikin akwati mai tsabta kuma yayyafa tare da Dill, bay bay, allspice, zuba miya a saman kuma bar shi daga dama kwanaki. Lokacin da kifayen ke da kyau tare da vinegar, murkushe shi da zalunci kuma nace don wani makonni biyu.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da kayan sayarwa

Kyaftin dillalan kayan kwalliya a kan suturar makamai na garin Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Rapushka, wanda ke zaune a cikin Lake Pleshcheyev, ya kasance wani ɓangare na kayan sarauta kuma yana cikin abincin cin abinci tare. Wannan tafkin gida ne na musamman ga manyan kifayen mai mai, wanda ba a iya kama shi kuma ya sayar. Game da rashin biyayya, an yiwa masunta kisa da hukuncin kisa.

Kifayen da aka fi so a Finns shine kayan dafa abinci, wanda al'ada ce don dafa abinci a kowane bikin titi, wanda aka dafa shi a gari. Soya shi a cikin abincin rep ta finiyanci tare da ƙari da kirim.

Kifin Vendace - bayanin

Wannan kifayen suna da ire-irensu: White Sea, Siberian, Turai da kuma Pereslavl.

Yankin tekun Fasha ya mamaye yanki mafi girma da yake zaune a jikin ruwan tekun Fasha, wanda ya hada da da yawa daga manyan koguna da tabkuna. Masarautar Karelian da masunta mai son amurka suna kiranta herring. Daga dukkan nau'ikan da ake da su, wannan shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 15 cm, matsakaicin tsayi na babban kogin mutum shine cm 25. Girman nauyi ya bambanta daga 50 zuwa 100 g, kodayake wasu lokuta ana samun samfurori mafi girma - har zuwa gg 150. A cikin tabkuna wannan wakilin ichthyofauna yana yin ƙasa mafi muni fiye da wuraren bude kogin. Za a iya bayyana dillalan Bahar Maliya kamar haka:

• kunkuntar jiki tare da dan karamin convex ciki,
• ƙaramin kai tsaye tare da smallan kananan idanu,
• Saboda gajeriyar muƙamiyar sama, bakin yana sama,
• launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi mai haske yana jujjuya ya zama azurfa a tarnaƙi kuma kusan fararen fata,
• dorsal fin duhu fiye da wasu
• flakes sako-sako, babba isa.

Kifi mai daɗi sosai tare da nama mai taushi, daga abin da zaku iya dafa abinci daban-daban.

Jirgin Siberian ya fi girma fiye da ɗan uwan ​​da ya gabata, a tsawon sa zai iya kaiwa 35 cm kuma ya sami nauyin 300 g na nauyi. Aka rarraba shi cikin kwarin Yenisei, inda yake zama koyaushe, yana yin garken tumaki da yawa. Ya kan dauki mafi yawan lokaci a cikin mashin, kuma ya shiga kogin da kanta ne kawai a lokacin tsunduma (Satumba-Oktoba) don kwantawa qwai. Balagagge yana faruwa a shekaru 4-5, kuma maza sun manyanta fiye da na mata da misalin shekara guda. Dogon tsufa da bakin ciki na siyarwar Siberiya an rufe shi da Sikeli. A baya ne launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da kawai m kore tint, bangarorin da ciki suna da azima na azurfa. Fins, ciki har da mai, launin toka mai haske. Wannan kifin yafi ciyar da zooplankton, shima qwai ya haɗa da caviar wasu nau'in kuma ƙananan crustaceans.

Turai ryapushka ita ce babban kifi mafi girma ga nau'ikansa, wanda ke zaune a cikin tafkin rufaffiyar ajiya a arewacin ƙasarmu da kuma Finland. An lura da mafi girman maida hankali a cikin lakunan Onega, Peipsi da Ladoga. Ba Ya son kogin ya kwarara, saboda haka ba a gama gari a cikin koguna, ana samun shi a cikin tekun Baltic. Wannan kifin tare da tsotsewar jiki da karkatar da ƙananan muƙamula yana da mafi girman yanayin kama da na herring, amma ya fi ƙanƙanta da shi girman. Matsakaicin nauyi shine 300 g, tsayinsa ya kai cm 30 launi iri ɗaya ne da na dan uwan ​​White Sea.

Pereslavl carapace wata hanyar Turai ce da aka gyara. Tana zaune a cikin tafki guda ɗaya da ake kira Pleshcheevo. Wannan sunan wani katon tafki ne da wani yanki mai nisan sama da murabba'in kilomita 50, yana kudu maso kudu a yankin Yaroslavl. Kayan kwastomomi ya girma cikin tsayi zuwa 30-35 cm, yayin samun nauyi 250-300 g. Ya fi son ruwan sanyi tare da iskar oxygen mai yawa. An dauke shi da haɗari, an daɗe yana jerawa cikin littafin Red. Saboda wannan, har ma da kyakkyawan dandano, masunta ne suka yaba da shi.

Habitat

Ina sayarwa? Ta fi son zama cikin ruwan sanyi, mai dauke da iska. Hanyoyin Marshes da tabkuna masu zurfi, inda guguwar hunturu ke faruwa a shekara, ba mata bane. Yana kula da galibin yankuna masu sandy mai ƙasa, sama da ƙasa mai siliki, ƙwaƙwalwa da filayen dutse babu wuya.

Wani lokacin sukan ziyarci m gefen kusa da bakin tekun tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ambaliya a cikin zurfi. Amma a kowane hali, binciken ya kamata ya fara a cikin manyan shafuka.

A cikin lokatai daban, makarantu masu yawa na wannan kifin suna tashi zuwa saman sararin sama (kusan kusa da farfajiya) kuma suna ƙaura ko'ina cikin yankin ruwan. A irin waɗannan ranakun, yana da sauƙi a sami asalin kayan sayarwa, a duba kawai. Sama da kangin garken da ke tashi akwai kogunan da ke fama da yunwa kullum.

Duba halayyar

Babu wasu daidaituwa a rayuwar rayuwar mai sayarwa da halayyar sa. Dangane da wannan, ba shi da bambanci da sauran wakilan dangin Sigov, wanda shi kansa ne.

Wannan kifin ne mai kwanciyar hankali, yana gudu cikin garkuna da ƙaura tare da kogi ko tafkin neman abinci. Kwayoyin cuta iri-iri suna zama abinci ne a gareta - cyclops, daphnia, da sauran su. Manya ba za su rasa damar da za su ci abinci na ɓoye ba ko kuma gurnani daga wasu nau'in halittu.

Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin wakilai na masarautar kamun kifi, ci gaban kayan masarufi ya ɗan rage sauka. Ta yi jima'i kawai yana da shekaru 5. Nau'in Pereslavl shine togiya, wannan kifi yana shirye don kiwo yana da shekaru 2-3.

Kiwo

Kasuwancin na sayarwa a cikin Nuwamba, lokacin da damina ta riga ta lalace. Ciyarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsalle-tsalle yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu. Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, wannan tsari na iya motsawa cikin lokaci kuma zai faru a farkon farkon Disamba. Kifi ya tsallake rijiya da baya a cikin tafki, inda ake zaɓan wuraren da ke da laka ko yashi, lallai ya zama an cika shi da ƙasa. Matan da ke da shekaru daban-daban na haila daga qwai 7,000 zuwa 15,000, wanda galibinsu ke ci daga ruffs, perches da sauran mazaunan cikin ruwa wadanda ke buƙatar abinci mai kalori mai yawa. Daga tsira a cikin bazara toya kyankyasai.

Kafin tsallakewa, kifin ya bata cikin makarantu da yawa. Mass hijira zuwa filaye filaye fara a farkon kaka. A lokacin bazara, bazara da hunturu, mai sayar da mai yana wadatar da mai, yana motsawa sosai a kan tafkin don neman abinci, kuma masunta suna binsa don samun kamar kilo kilo biyu na kifin sarki.

Hanyar kamun kifi

A cikin lokacin dumama, ana kama kayan masarufi ta hanyoyi daban-daban: daga bakin ruwa - ƙasan ruwa da tangarɗa, daga jirgin ruwan - shortan sandunan mashin kifayen gefensu.

Tun da wannan kifin mai kulawa yana jin tsoron kusanta kusa da tudu, tare da sanda mai tsalle zai zama daidaitaccen daidaituwa. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da Bologna ko zaɓi na wasa, wanda zai ba ku damar ƙara jefa ƙugiyar. Mafi yawan nozzles da ke kama su shine larvae, tsutsotsi, yanki na kifi da naman kifaye.

Nishaɗi da ban sha'awa na kamun kifin hunturu don sayarwa. Daga kankara ana iya kama shi a kan ƙugiya na yau da kullun, mormyshka ko garland na mormyshka. Tun da yawanci kifi yakan faru a zurfin sama da mita 20 kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin sararin samaniya, yawancin masu son wannan kifin mai daɗin ji sun fi son kifi a cikin tanti. Inda aka gano babban jujjuyawa, gari tsayi gaba ɗaya ya girma.

Girke-girke na Vendace

Kyakkyawan girke-girke fiye da soya a cikin kwanon rufi don ƙananan kofuna ba tukuna ƙirƙira ba. Räppa cikakke ne ga irin wannan kwanon, ban da shi an shirya shi cikin maganganun mintuna. Da farko, kuna buƙatar kawar da sikeli da kayan ciki, kurkura a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana, sannan kuyi naman a cikin hatsin hatsin, a daɗa kayan yaji a cikin abincinku don dandano. An mintina a cikin kwanon rufi mai zafi (dole ne a soya a garesu), kuma kwano ya shirya! Za'a iya cinikin soyayyen kayan miya mai ƙamshi tare da ƙananan ƙasusuwa, waɗanda bayan yin burodi sun zama abu mai ƙwari kuma basu da haɗari.

Hakanan, ana iya sanya gishiri, wanda daga baya za ku iya jin daɗin sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma a lokaci guda mai ladabi mai sauƙi. Ba su tsabtace shi don salma ba, saboda za'a iya samun madara da caviar a ciki. Kifi mai gishiri a gasa mai tsabta, inda aka ajiye shi a yadudduka, an yayyafa shi da gishiri. Guga mai 10 lita yana ɗaukar kimanin kilogiram 1.5 na gishiri. Lokacin da guga ya cika, an sanya abin da ke ciki a ƙarƙashin zalunci - da'irar katako ta wani abu mai nauyi. Amma game da kayan ƙanshi, wannan girke-girke na Karelian bai taɓa ambata su ba. Idan kuna so, ba shakka, zaku iya gwadawa tare da kayan yaji, amma zai fi kyau a daina. Akwai haɗarin cewa za su kashe ɗanɗano mai daɗin kifin.

Wani irin kifi ne danshi?

Daga cikin babban iyalin kifin salmon, wanda ya haɗa da kifin kifi, abincin kifi mai launin ruwan sama ya fi kama da herring. Sabili da haka, a wasu wurare ana kuskuren kiran shi herring (alal misali, ana samun manyan mutane a cikin tafkin Pleshcheyev kuma suna da mashahurin suna "Pereslavl herring"). Sunayen da aka rubuta a cikin littattafan tarihin su ne ire-irensu, killet, ripus, da Latin - Coregonus albula.Haka kuma akwai Coregonus artedii na Arewacin Amurka da kuma Arctic Coregonus autumnalis.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Wakilin dangin salmon, mai sayar da abinci (Coregonus albula) ƙaramin kifi ne wanda ke rayuwa galibi a cikin tabkuna na arewacin Turai da Russia, da kuma Tekun Baltic. Räpuska wani nau'in halitta ne mai mahimmanci ga kamun kifin ruwa, kazalika da kamun kifin teku a cikin Tekun na Arenaen (arewacin Tekun Baltic) da Tekun Finlan. An gabatar da creepers cikin tsarin tafkin da ba na asalin ba a cikin ƙasashe da yawa.

Wasu daga cikinsu sunyi nazarin canje-canje a cikin yawan masu mulkin mallaka, kuma an lura da raguwar wadatar abinci. Yawancin gabatarwar suna da alaƙa da hannun jari da kuma kifayen ruwa domin haɓaka damar kamun kifin ruwa. Kayan aiki mai zuwa da rarrabuwa ya dogara da halaye na tsarin halittu masu masauki kuma yana iya zama saboda ginin reser.

Bidiyo: Cassock

Akwai misalai da yawa na aiwatarwa, galibi a cikin Turai, a tsakanin yanki na kasuwar gida. Har ila yau, akwai Rajapushki a wurare masu nisa, kamar Maine, Amurka da Kazakhstan. A Norway, soyayen da ke girma cikin kifayen fararen kaya an sanya su cikin jerin layuka tsakanin 1860 da 1900. A cikin shari'un 16 da aka tattara, guda ɗaya ne kawai ya yi nasara. Kodayake wasu gabatarwar sunyi nasara, amma yawancinsu basuyi nasara ba.

A cikin wasu manyan tafkuna, akwai nau'ikan kayan sayarwa guda biyu, tare da ƙaramin planktivorous da kuma girma mafi girma wanda zai iya wuce 40 cm a tsayi kuma ya haɗa da kifi a cikin abincinku. Wani lokaci yana da wuya a rarrabe tsakanin kayan sayarwa da na Arctic cisco, har ma da alamun alamomin. Lissafin kayan sayarwa gaba daya sabawa juna ne a matakin jinsin da ragi, tunda polymorphism da hybridization a bayyane suke a layin sayarda da yawa.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Yaya kayan sayarwa suke?

A bayyanar, kifin yana kama da ƙaramin kifin kifin, amma ƙananan muƙamularsa sun fi tsayi fiye da na sama, kuma akasin gaskiya ne ga farin kifin. Idanun sayar da abinci suna da girma, kamar yadda ya saba da duk kifayen da ke cin abinci akan plankton duk rayuwarsu. Koma bayan jikin kayan kawa duhu duhu ne ko shuɗi-baki, ɓangarorin sun kasance fari-fararen fata, ciki ya yi fari, ƙwallon hancinsa da ƙananan muƙamuƙin baƙi ne.

A cikin matasa yara, jiki ne siriri da matsakaici matsakaici tare da kara girma. Shugaban yana da ɗan ƙarami, ƙananan muƙamula ya haɗu da saman maƙallan, muƙamuƙi na sama ya koma matakin ɗalibin, ƙashin ƙananan muƙamula ya shiga cikin tsakar sama. Iyakar aikin gaban-ƙasa ya fi girma daga nesa daga ƙwanƙai zuwa farkon kafa na ƙarshe.

Kayan mai tsiro a cikin shekarun biyu zuwa na biyar na rayuwa, kuma ya zama tsawon 9-20 cm.Da yawancin alƙalumman, yawanci ba su da tsayi fiye da 25 cm, amma ƙanana da manya sun zama masu haɗu tare da wasu tafkuna.

A cikin kayan sayarwa, ana lura da cin naman mutane. A cikin binciken wannan sabon abu, ba a gano tsinkayen kwai ba, yayin da cizon kwari da haɓaka lardin kwanan nan da aka lalace sun lura da kashi 23% na tsofaffi. Individualsananan mutane (inda aka samo kayan cinikin. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.

Me ake sayarwa?

Hoto: kifin mai sayarwa

An bayyana Ranapo a matsayin ƙwararren planktivore, ƙwararriyar zooplankton yawanci tana zuwa kashi 75-100% na yawan abinci. A cikin lakuna na manya da manya, babban nau'in na iya zama cin cin kifi, kuma kifin zai iya zama kashi 20-74% na abincin.

Kasancewa mai ingancin zooplanktivore, ire-iren kayayyaki na iya rage wadatar da zooplankton, wanda, a biyun, zai haifar da raguwa a cikin kiwo na algae saboda zooplankton (trophic cascade). Wannan na iya taimaka wa kogin eutrophy.

Koyaya, kayan sayarwa suna da damuwa ga eutrophication, sabili da haka ƙimar tasirin sa sakamakon sakamakon kiwo a cikin zooplankton mai sayarwa yana da iyaka. Sun kuma haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin yawan ƙwayar halitta - whitefish.

Haɗin abincin abincin kayan abinci ya bambanta a zurfafa daban-daban kuma a kan kwanakin daban-daban na rana, amma rarraba zooplankton yawanci yana da kama sosai a kowane lokaci, ba tare da la'akari da zurfin ko tsawon nutsewa ba.

Babban abincin abinci shine:

Calididdigar lissafin zaɓin kayan sayarwa ya nuna cewa yawanci suna zaɓar manyan jinsunan cladocera ne da kuma masu kula da su da ƙaramar wakilin Cladocera, Bosmina coregoni.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: kayan sayarwa na Turai

Creeper yana hulɗa da ƙaura na tsaye, hali wanda aka saba dashi tare da rigakafin kaddara. Ko ta yaya, tana cikin haɗari fiye da kifayen Turai masu alaƙa, wanda galibi ke rayuwa cikin juyayi don sayarwa. Kayan yana da ƙanana da yawa, mafi girman fecundity, da ɗan tsira lokacin rayuwa fiye da kifin kifi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rappus yawanci yana rayuwa shekaru 5-6. Lokacin da suka kai shekaru 8, ana daukar su tsufa. A cikin mafi yawan jama'a, shekarun sayarwa na iya kaiwa shekaru 15.

Mafi yawanci ana samun creeper a cikin wuraren bude ruwa a cikin tafkin da kewayen estuarine, wanda ke nuna yanayin ilimin halittar dabbobi na zooplankton. Ana iya tsammanin gano zurfin cikin rana fiye da dare saboda ƙaura na tsaye. Tunda nau'in ruwan sanyi ne, yawanci yakan guji zuwa saman ruwayen lokacin da zazzabi ya wuce 18-20 ° C.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin farkon farko ko watanni biyu bayan kyankyashe a cikin bazara, ana iya samun larvae da ƙananan a cikin yankunan bakin teku. Bayan wannan, kayan sayarwa suna ɗaukar ƙwayar pelagic na mazauninsu. A cikin rana, yakan nutsar da zurfi fiye da zurfin da ake amfani da shi da dare. Hakanan yana yin launuka a cikin rana.

Creeper kifi ne mai ruwa. Kodayake yana iya ɗaukar jigon ruwa tare da ƙarancin ɗanniyar, tasirin yanayi tsakanin rafuffuka daban-daban ana iyakance shi da babban salinity na ruwan estuary. Mutum na iya tsammanin kwararar ruwa a cikin ruwan, koda kuwa ruwan kogunan an tsara shi. Hanzarta zuwa sama yana iyakance ta hanyar rapids mai ƙarfi da magudanan ruwa.

Rarraba ta hanyar gabatarwar da gangan ya faru ta hanyar shirye-shiryen wadata, kamar wadatar da kaya a cikin Lake Inari da haraji. Masu kamun kifi na wasanni wasu lokuta suna amfani da kaya a matsayin ƙyallen, kuma lokacin jigilar kai tsaye wannan na iya haifar da haɗarin shiga cikin tsarin ruwa na ƙasa. Hadarin halitta mai nasara yana haɗuwa da yanayin tsararrun masu watsa shiri.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Mafi yawa daga cikin kayan kwalliyar kayan marmari sun kasance a faɗuwa a kan yashi ko tsakuwa, yawanci a cikin zurfin 6-10 na zurfi, amma akwai kuma lokacin hunturu da bazara. Mai siyarwar yana da babban inganci da ƙananan ƙwai da yawa (ƙwai 80-300 a gram na nauyin jikin).

Ana haihuwar qwai yayin bacewar tafkin kankara a lokacin bazara. Saboda ƙananan girman ƙwai, kwai gwaiduwa tana da iyaka, sabili da haka, nasarar daukar ma'aikata a kasuwa na iya dogaro akan daidaitaccen lokaci tsakanin ƙwanƙwasa da furewar bazara.

A wajan wasu tafkin, balaguron masarufi ya kan mamaye koguna. Daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba, daskararren masarufi ya tashi kogin cikin ruwa mara zurfi, kuma ya afka cikin kogin a ƙarshen kaka. Kwanan nan ƙyancin larvae ya koma yankin tafkin jim kaɗan bayan ƙyanƙyashewa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsawon tsawon larvae yayin hatching shine 7-1 mm.

A cikin binciken daya, an fallasa ire-iren pH 4.75 da 5.25 tare da ko ba tare da aluminium ba (200 μg = 7.4 micromoles AlL (-1) a sakamakon ƙarshen endogenous vitellogenesis a cikin Yuli a cikin lokacin hutu. A cikin yanayin lokacin da aka saba, lokacin da 48% na mata masu sarrafawa sun riga sun fito da ƙwai, 50% na mata a pH 4.75 + Al sun kasance cikakkun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Arshe na ƙarshe na cikakkun mata sun kasance mata 14%, 36%, 25%, 61% da 81% a pH 4.75 + Al, pH 4.75, pH 5.25 + Al, pH 5.25 kuma a cikin rukuni na kulawa, bi da bi. An lura da bata lokaci a cikin tashin hankali musamman a cikin maza a pH 4.75 + Al. An sami raguwar bayyananniyar plasma na Na (+) da Cl (-) da haɓakar haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jini kawai kusa da lokacin ɓarna, daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba, wanda ya zo daidai da tarawar Al a cikin ƙwayar fata.

Abokan gaba na kayan sayarwa

Hoto: kifin mai sayarwa

Abokan halitta na sayayya sune kifayen da ke cin kifi, tsuntsayen da dabbobi masu shayarwa, yawanci waɗanda ke ciyar da wuraren kiwo kamar su launin ruwan hoda, da lomo da cormorant. Kasuwancin launin ruwan kasa shine muhimmin magabacin farashi.

Creepers suna da matukar mahimmanci ga kifi mai cin abincin kifi da kuma mai ba da ruwa, kuma yana iya zama mahimmanci don canja wurin makamashi daga haɓakar pelagic zuwa wuraren kiwon dabbobi ko mazaunan ruwa (kifin ƙaura), ko kuma daga tsarin tafkin zuwa tsarin ƙasa (wanda tsuntsaye ke cin abincin).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ranch koyaushe amsa gaban pike tare da ƙara yawan oxygen. Ana tsammanin cewa canje-canje a cikin yawan numfashi yayin bayyanar da maharbi yana faruwa ne ta bambance-bambance a cikin ayyukan motar saboda halayen da aka yiwa ɗan hamayya.

Yawancin masu farauta a cikin tabkuna yana da mahimmanci duka don mutuwar bazara na larvae da kuma matasa yara a lokacin rani, yanayin yanayi yana tasiri shi. Ofayan mafi yawan abin da aka saba da shi don samar da kayan masarufi shine lalacewa, yawan amfanin shekara-shekara wanda ya dace da yanayin zafin rani. Dangane da haka, lalacewa ta lokacin bazara, ƙarfi azuzuwan bass bayyana sau da yawa a cikin 1990s da 2000s fiye da a shekarun 1970 ko 1980, kuma ana tsammanin wannan yanayin zai ci gaba.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Yaya kayan sayarwa suke?

Rajapochki sau da yawa suna da yawan canji a cikin yawan jama'a, kuma yana iya dogaro akan kasancewar sauran dunkulewar abubuwa. Sakamakon haka, yawan jama'a ya tashi daga mutane 100 a kowace zuwa mutum 5000 a kowace hagu. A cikin layuka da yawa, yawan kayan masarufi suna da sauyin hawa, wanda ke ba da shawarar cewa gasar intraspecific na iya zama muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihin kayan sayarwa.

Rajapushki suna da hankali sosai ga:

• tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa,
• karuwa siltation,
• bazawara.

Ga nau'in halittun da ke cikin tafki, tsarin koma baya na ruwa yana da matsala. Yawan jama'a na iya raguwa - ko ma su ɓace - idan nau'ikan baƙi kamar ruff sun bayyana. Gabatarwa da ganganci game da kayan sayarwa hanya ce ta gama gari da ake gabatar da sabbin dama a cikin sabon tsarin tafkin.

Gwamnati ce ta fara gabatar da ire-iren wadannan manufofin da burin bunkasa kifayen da albarkatun ruwa. An gabatar da wasu nasihohi da gangan don magance sauro, amma ba a sami nasara ba. Wasu masuntan wasanni suna amfani da kaya kamar ƙuru.

Tasirin tattalin arziki na kutsa kai kasuwa ba a daidaita shi ba. Ranyapok na iya samun ƙimar tattalin arziƙi kamar masaniyar kifi a cikin kanta, saboda tana tallafawa yawan adadin kifayen da suke cin kifi waɗanda ke da mahimmanci tattalin arziƙin kamun kifi (misali, kifin launin ruwan kasa).

Amma kifayen na iya yin illa ga sakamakon tattalin arziƙin kamun kifayen sauran nau'in da masifar kifin za ta iya fuskanta, kamar yawan nau'in kifin kifayen kifin. Creeper an rarrabe shi azaman nau'in haɗari kuma ana ɗaukarsa yana da matukar hadarin halaka a cikin daji.

Kariyar Vendace

Hoto: Red Book Rappa

Yakamata a karfafa wa jama'a gaba daya suyi kokarin kiyaye halittu iri daban-daban, gami da nau'ikan zooplankton wadanda suke da mahimmanci ga ayyukan tsirrai. Zasu iya zama da wahala a gane wa wadanda ba kwararru ba, kamar yadda ba za'a iya ganin su ba tare da karuwa mai dacewa ba. Tsarin nazarin halittu na kasuwanci yana iya sa himma ta hanyar shirye-shiryen inganta maɓarnata ko hannun jari.

Nasarar ire-iren wadannan matakan ta dogara da ilimin halittar tafkin da al'umman da ke cin kifi. Razpushka kifi ne mai daɗi kuma mai mahimmanci a wasu kasuwanni, kuma ana iya aiwatar da ikon jama'a ta hanyar kamun kifi na kasuwanci, alal misali, ta hanyar kama kifaye a cikin tafkuna da kewayen teku ko kuma kamawa da yawan jama'a a lokacin ƙaura.

Razapushka kifi ne mai pelagic wanda ke girma da rana kuma ya gangara zuwa zurfin zurfafa cikin dare. Yawan jama'a sun fi rarrabuwar dare da dare, saboda haka ya kamata a kwashe samfurori da daddare don rage bambancinsa. Kulawa ya kamata ya hada da yin amfani da sautin karar kimiyya a haɗe tare da hanyoyin kamun kifi (zaɓaɓɓu mai ɗimbin yawa, kama ko zaɓi) don samun bayanai game da nau'in samfuran halittar.

Sakamakon mamayar kayan sayarwa yana shiga tsakani ta hanyar raguwar zooplankton. Sabili da haka, mafi kyawun matakan ragewa sune hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa yawan jama'a (alal misali, kamfani da aka yi niyya, ƙara yawan masu farauta a sayayya).

Creeper - Wannan ƙaramin kifi ne, mai kaɗa mai zurfi tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, farin ciki da ganga na azurfa. Fenninta launin toka ya yi duhu zuwa gefuna. Kifi yana da manyan idanu, ɗan ƙaramin bakin da fin kitsen. Abubuwan da aka fi so da kayan masarufi shine manyan tafkuna masu sanyi, inda suke ciyar da crustaceans na planktonic, irin su masu zaman kashe wando.

Bayyanuwa da halayyar mutum

Halin kifin yana kama da herring, kuma idan ka duba a taƙaice game da abin sayarwa, kawai sun rikice. Ana siyar da mai siyarwa ta jiki wanda aka matsa shi a hankali. Amma sifofinsa na rarrabe shine cewa ƙananan muƙamula ya ɗan fi tsayi fiye da na sama, kuma yana da ƙayyadaddun halayen halayen, inda aka shigar da karen muƙamuƙin.

An rufe jikin kilz tare da manyan sikeli, layin gefe yana kusa da baya, wanda ke da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Gefen kifayen suna da azurfa, ciki kuma ya yi fari. Rsarfin dorsal da caudal suna da launin toka, sauran kuma an yi su da fararen fata.

Girman ripus din yayi kadan - tsawon jikin mutum ya bambanta tsakanin santimita 15, wasu lokuta ana samun mutane 35 cm tsayi. Yawanci, nauyin kayan abinci shine gram 100-180. Wasu nau'in kifaye sun kai gram 300.

Ina kifayen suke zaune?

Mafi yawan duka, ripus yana son wurare masu zurfi inda akwai yumɓu ko ƙasa mai yashi. Kifi yana ƙoƙarin guje wa ruwa mai zurfi da tafkuna tare da ruwa mai ɗumi. Kasuwancin suna zaune a Finland, Scotland, Scandinavia, Denmark, Jamus, Belarus. Yana ciyarwa akan ƙananan crustaceans (daphnia, cyclops, da sauransu).

Ripus ya fi son zama a cikin ruwan sanyi a arewacin ƙasar .. A kan ƙasar Rasha, masunta suna kamun kifi a cikin tabkuna kamar Onega, Ladoga, Chudskoye, Beloye, Pskovskoye, Plescheevo. Wani lokacin yana zaune a cikin koguna, kazalika da hanyoyin ruwan fininanci da na Botanical na Tekun Baltic.

Babban maƙiyin kifin a cikin vivo shine bobbin, yana cin yara da masu wannan kifin. Duk da cewa kilz karami ne, ana daukar kifin amintaccen mazaunin kamun kifi.

Siberiyanci

Rapushka, wanda masunta suka bayar da sunayen kamar "Ob herring", "saurei". Yana faruwa a cikin yankuna na arewacin, tun daga White Sea zuwa Alaska kanta. Wannan rabin-kifi ne wanda ake ɗaukarsa mai mahimmanci samfurin kamun kifi. Tare da tsawon sa har zuwa santimita 35, matsakaicin nauyin kifin zai iya kaiwa kilo 1. Suna cinikin siberian a cikin sabo, salted da kyafaffen tsari.

Turai

Shahararren nau'ikan da aka samo a jikin garken ruwa a cikin Finland da Arewacin Rasha. Da wuya sosai, wannan ƙananan tallafin suna zaune a cikin hanyoyin biya na Finnish da Botanical. Yawancin mutane suna zaune a tafkin Ladoga, Pskov, Onega, Peipsi tabkuna.

Kayan turai na waje yayi kama da herring: tana da kunkuntar jiki, convex ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Manyan manyan flakes ana dasa su a farfajiya. A baya kifayen launin toka-shuɗi ne, ciki ya yi fari, bangarorin sun kasance azurfa. Kifi zai iya kaiwa zuwa kimanin santimita 30 a tsawonsa tare da nauyinsa kimanin gram 300.

Pereyaslavskaya

Wannan wani reshe ne na Europeanasashen Turai wanda ke keɓancewa gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa ɗaya - Lake Pleshchevo, wanda yake jikin ruwan da yake rufe ruwa wanda yake a kudu ɗin yankin Yaroslavl. An dauki kifi wani nau'in haɗari, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi. Sakamakon wannan, yana da kyau musamman godiya ta hanyar anglers.

Ya gwammace ya zauna cikin ruwan sanyi. Tsawon kifin zai iya kaiwa zuwa santimita 35 zuwa tsayi. Matsakaicin nauyin kayan abinci shine kimanin gram 300.

Belomorskaya

Mafi mashahuri da kuma babban kifi. Tana zaune a cikin koguna na Tekun Bahar Maliya da tabkuna na yankin. Masunta na iya haduwa da ita a cikin koguna waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Barents. Masunta na gida suna kiran kifin "herring" ko "zeldom". Smallestarancin ƙananan ƙarancin kayan sayarwa.

Fuskokin Fari na Fari yana da kunkuntar, convex a sashin ciki, baya yana madaidaiciya. A kan karamin kai akwai kananan idanu da sama na sama. Babban muƙamuƙi ya fi guntu fiye da ƙananan. A jiki babban sikelin, sako-sako da fit. A baya kifayen launin shuɗi-shuɗi ne, gefunan sun zama ruwan dare, ciki kusan fari. Rsarfin dorsal da caudal suna da launi mai duhu, ragowar suna da haske launin baki.

Yaro ya kai tsawon santimita 25. Mafi sau da yawa, samfurori na 14-17 santimita an samo su a cikin kamaloli. Matsakaicin nauyin kifin shine gram 50. Kowane ɗayan mutum zai iya kaiwa adadin gram har zuwa gram 150, amma da wuya a same shi. Kayayyakin Tekun Bahar Maliya da ke zama a bakin ruwa ma ba su da yawa.

Abincin abinci

Babban abincin a duk shekara shine ƙananan crustaceans. An samo shi a cikin ciki na mutane daphnia, cyclops, cypris da sauransu. A cikin lokacin rana, crustaceans suna ƙasa, bi da bi, kuma ana kiyaye sahun a zurfin. A cikin dare, ganima yana motsawa zuwa gaɓar tekun a kan gabar ruwa, kuma makarantun rips suna bin sa.

Baya ga crustaceans, abincin da aka fi so don sayarwa shine tsutsotsi, mollusks da larvae kwari. A lokacin rani, tana ciyar da kwari da suka faɗi cikin ruwa. Wannan musamman yana faruwa ne a lokacin da suke tashi a hankali. Sannan ciki na kifayen ya cika da mayuka da sauran kwari.

Rayuwa da kuma nutsuwa

Ryapushka ba ta da banbanci sosai ga salon rayuwa daga sauran dangin whitefish. Kuna iya kwatanta siyarwa kamar kifi mai lumana wanda ya fi son zuwa makaranta. Kifi yana ciyar da abincin dabbobi kuma yana jin daɗin motsawa cikin ruwa don neman abinci. Ci gaban kifi yayi jinkirin. Ya kai ga balaga ne kawai yana da shekaru 6 da haihuwa. Banda a wannan yanayin shine Pereyaslovsky iri-iri, a cikin abin da tsarin haihuwa ya riga ya cika da shekaru 2-3.

Vendace spawning yana farawa a ƙarshen kaka. Ba ya daɗe kuma yana ɗaukar makonni biyu. Ya danganta da shekara, ƙarshen ɓarna na iya faruwa a farkon hunturu. Don kiwo, kifin ya tara a cikin manyan makarantu ya zauna cikin wurare masu zurfi a cikin wuraren da akwai yashi ko ƙasa mai laushi, yana ba da fifiko ga tsaunuka ƙarƙashin ruwa, gangaren rami da raƙuman ruwa.

Vendace spawning yana faruwa a cikin duhu. Don hanya daya, mace, gwargwadon nauyin jikin mutum, zai iya kubutar da ƙwai daga 7 zuwa 15 dubu ɗari, kusan milimita da rabi a diamita. Yin kiyayya yana faruwa a cikin bazara. Ruffs, perches da sauran mazaunan wuraren sharan gida suna cin abinci mai yawa na ƙwai.

A sauran lokutan, mai sayarwa yana 'tafiya', yana motsawa ta hanyar tafkin don neman abinci. Ana samun kifi a adadi mai yawa a cikin ɓangarorin kogin da ke ƙasan kogin. A farkon kaka, lokacin ƙaura na lokaci yakan faru zuwa manyan wuraren ruwa da tekuna - Ana yin wannan ne don tsarguwa kafin hunturu.

A kan kayan kan ruwa

An kama kifi kawai a nesa mai nisa daga gabar teku da zurfin zurfi. Ducks sukan zauna a ƙananan ruwa. Don kamun kifi, ya halatta a yi amfani da biyu a kan iyo ko kuma '' donka ''. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi sanduna tare da "kayan aiki". Zai yi wuya a kira kifi mara kunya, amma ba a bada shawarar magance matsalar kamun kifi ba.

A lokacin bazara

A lokacin rani, kamar a lokacin hunturu, suna amfani da kayan ƙirar nodding sanye da katako na flywheel tare da nods na musamman. An kama creeper akan talakawa hunturu mormyshki: pellet, droplet, tururuwa. Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga nozzles na launi mai duhu. An zaɓi Nods da nauyin mormyshek dangane da yanayin kamun kifi.

Kiwo da haɓaka kayan masarufi

Kiwon kifi a cikin tafkin yana da fa'ida kuma yana da arha. Amma don tsara kasuwanci, ɗan kasuwa yana buƙatar ƙayyade irin nau'in kifin da ya fi dacewa, da hanyar kiwo da kuma kayan aikin kiyayewa. Riba da fa'idar kiwo da haɓaka mai saurin kaya za a bayyane idan kun bi duk cikakkun bayanan shirin kasuwanci.

Noman tafkin kifi

A yau, dabbobin kifi na kandami ya kasu kashi biyu: manyan ruwa-ruwa da ruwan sanyi. Cassock kifi ne wanda yake ƙoƙarin guje wa jikin ruwa tare da ruwan dumi, bi da bi, zaɓin na biyu ya fi dacewa da shi. Dangane da yanayin cyclical na tsari, an raba gonakin kandami zuwa cikakken tsarin, ciyar da kifayen kifi.

Cikakken tsarin tattalin arziƙi ya tanadi duk tsarin girma na kifi daga soya zuwa manya salal mutane. Ciyar da manoma suna girma kifi na girma, kuma kyankyasai suna girma larvae, soya, da shekara; wani lokacin kifi yana girma har shekaru 2. Ya danganta da tsawon lokaci, an rarraba kamfanonin zuwa gonaki tare da shekara guda, shekara biyu, da kuma shekaru uku.

Jikin ruwa domin adana kayan sawa

Farfajiyar rafin kandami na samar da wadataccen tafki iri iri domin bukatu daban-daban da yanayi. Rami na farko da mahimmanci don zama a kan gona shine kewaya. Wannan tafki yana da manyan buƙatu dangane da tsari da kuma kulawa. Wajan yakamata yakamata ya kasance a cikin yanki mara lalacewa tare da ciyayi na matasa da yanayi mai kyau don haifuwa, ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai da haɓaka larvae.

A cikin tafkunan ruwa, samar da ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai sauri da kuma 'yanci. Yakamata a yi amfani da ruwan tafkin na musamman don na mata.

Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar gina tafkin soya, inda yanayi yakamata ya zama mai wadatar abinci, babu gubobi da gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda zasu cutar da ƙananan kifaye.

Bayan kandami, ana fitar da kifin a cikin tafkin girma, inda ake ciyar da mutane, da kuma inda samari matasa ke girma a nan gaba. Don saukakawa, ana bada shawarar sanya magudanan ruwa na kusa da na hunturu.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci ga kowane kamfani na kamun kifi shine samun ingantaccen tafki na hunturu. Sau da yawa, sayayya da yawa suna lalacewa a lokacin hunturu. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen da yanayin zazzabi. Zurfin tafkin bai kamata ya zama ya wuce mita 1.5 ba. Ana shawarar shigar da tushen samar da ruwa kusa da wurin a cikin yankin da ba a da peat.

Tafkunan ciyarwa suna wadatar da kayan kayan kasuwanci, wanda girman su ya wuce kimar wasu, domin sayayya na bukatar karin 'yanci. An bada shawarar yanki na kadada 150. Bai kamata a ƙara yin abu ba kuma; yana da wahalar shawo kan duk lokacin tsirar kifaye da ci gaba. Haɓaka ƙananan rami ya fi girma saboda ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau don ci gaban tushen abinci.

Dukiya mai amfani

Creeper kifi ne mai tsabtaccen ruwa, amma mai kitse mai kyau ya ƙunshi adadin omega-3 acid mai yawa, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙananan kifin sun zaɓi cin nama ba phytoplankton ba, amma ƙaramin ɓacin rai, wanda ake samu mai yawa a cikin tafkunan arewa maso yamma.

Amfanin Omega-3 an san mutane da yawa. Da farko dai, waɗannan kuzarin sun zama dole ga jikin ɗan adam don kiyaye amincin membranes da kuma kula da damar tunani - da yawa daga cikin manya suna fuskantar karancin rashi da ƙarancin waɗannan abubuwan.

A cikin nama mai omega-3, ba su dadewa a cikin nama mai ruwa. Amma daskarewa na zamani yana taimakawa magance wannan matsalar. Idan ka daskare kifaye yadda yakamata, zai iya adana kayanta masu amfani na tsawon lokaci. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, "tumatir din yana dauke da wadannan abubuwan:

• Amintaccen. A sauƙaƙe tunawa da narkewa ta jiki.
• Vitamin PP Yana ɗaukar aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin gyaran halayen a cikin jiki duka.
• Tarihi. Babban acid ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar sel da sabuntawar sel.

Hakanan, naman kifi yana da wadata a ma'adanai: sulfur, molybdenum, chlorine, fluorine, zinc, chromium, alli, magnesium, phosphorus da sauransu.

Wani abin amfani mai mahimmanci shine cewa kayan sayarwa yana da ƙarancin kalori - kawai adadin kuzari 45-88 a kowace gram 100 na samfurin. Hakanan yana ƙunshe da ƙarancin ƙasusuwa fiye da sauran nau'in ruwan tsarkakakken yanayi: babu makawa cewa 1/10 na nau'in za'a iya rubutawa. Saboda wannan, yana da kyau matuƙar jin daɗin ɗanɗano wanda aka sha, salted da bushewar kayan sawa.

Darajar Gastronomic

An halatta dafa abinci a cikin hanyoyi da dama. Ba shi da darajar sabo ba kawai, har ma an gwammace a ɗanɗana salted ko an sha. Dadi da kuma sanannen mai sayarwa a cikin tumatir, pickled. Yi amfani da kifi don soya a cikin kirim mai tsami.

Kayan kwalliya shine asalin kwanar kayan gargajiya na ƙasar - kek da aka yi da kullu mai soyayyen. Shirye-shiryen da ya dace game da kayan masarufi suna bada garantin karɓar jita-jita masu daɗi. Kafin dafa abinci, tabbatar cewa wanke kifin, cire fata daga ciki ku jira har sai ruwan ya malale. Na gaba, an shirya kifi bisa ga abubuwan da aka zaɓa.

Misali, ya shahara sosai dan tsami kayan masarufi, tafasa shi na wani dan lokaci, kuma bayan yayi sanyi, zuba kayan miya daga garin kabewa, ganyen bay da yankakken horseradish, gishiri. Bayan haka, an yayyafa kifin tare da Dill da allspice, an ƙara dill, an bar shi kwanaki da yawa. Don haka kifin ya soya a cikin vinegar, sannan a saka kaya a ciki ya bar sati biyu. Irin wannan tasa zai zama ainihin kayan ado na kowane tebur na bikini.

Sosai mai soyayyen kayan masarufi, har da kunne, wanda aka shirya akan wannan kifin. Babu abubuwanda zasu ci, kawai banda shine kasancewar halayen halayen rashin lafiyan abincin.

Bayani mai ban sha'awa game da kifi

Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa game da kayan sayarwa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• A jikin mayafin garin Pereslavl-Zalessky mai sayar da kayan ƙanshi yana nuni.
• Rukunin, wanda ke zaune a cikin Lake Pleshcheyevo, ana amfani da shi don dafa abinci wanda daga baya aka yiwa mutanen sarauta. A da, an hana kifi da sayarwa. Idan aka keta umarnin, to sai an tura masu kamun kifi zuwa mutuwa.
• Cassock wani ɓangare ne na coronation abincin dare.
• Ana daukar Ryapushka a matsayin kifayen da aka fi so daga finns, saboda al'ada ce a gare su su soya kifin, su mirgine shi a cikin gari, kuma su bauta wa mutanen da suka zo idin titi. An soya kifi a cikin mai guda biyu: cream da rep. Don haka dandano kifin yana inganta sau da yawa.

Rajapushka wani kifi ne na musamman wanda ke da kyakkyawan dandano, a zahiri ba ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa, wanda yawancin gourmets ke jin daɗinsa. An shirya yawancin jita-jita masu dadi daga kifi, gami da abincin kifaye har ma da gurnani. Irin waɗannan kifayen ana buge da girma a cikin tafkunan, kuma buƙatarta ba ta faɗi ba.

Me kukan kifi kuke yi?

Cokali na tumatir a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara, kama shi kan kan ruwa, kasa, kaya na mormyshevye. Ana amfani da fillet, kifin kifi, larvae na ciki, tsutsotsi, da tsutsotsi a matsayin ƙugiya.

Don amfani da kamun kifi:

• sanduna tare da kayan aiki,
• nodding sandunan kamun kifi.
• mormyshki “tururuwa”, “pellet”, “faduwa”.

Fishers kama rips tare da zakidny da gyarawa seines ko raga.

Soyayyen kuma gasa

Tsaftace kowane kifi daga Sikeli (zaka iya amfani da maƙarƙashiyar soso don wanka jita-jita), mirgine a cikin gari (garin burodi) tare da kayan ƙanshi da sanya a cikin kwanon rufi da man mai mai. Soya har sai launin ruwan kasa na zinari na minti 3-5 a kowane bangare.

Finnishan Finnish na tasa ɗin ya bambanta kawai a cikin wannan hatsin hatsin da akayi amfani dashi don gurasa.

• kifi (gutted da peeled),
• man shanu
• albasa, yankakken a zobba,
• dankali (peeled da sliced)
• bay ganye, barkono, gishiri.

Sanya albasa, kifi, da dankali a cikin yadudduka mai kwandon shara. Zai yiwu yadudduka da yawa (dangane da yawan samfuran). Spicesara kayan yaji kuma ƙara ruwa a saman Layer. Simmer har sai an dafa dankali.

• ɗan kifi
• dankali, peeled da sliced,
• karas-matsakaici
• albasa-yankakken
• mayonnaise
• ganye da kayan yaji.

Haɗa dankali da yanki na mayonnaise da kayan yaji. A cikin kwanar yin burodi, shafawa tare da man kayan lambu, sanya dankali, sannan karas, albasa, gawa na kifi. Rufe tasa tare da mayonnaise a saman kuma aika zuwa tanda preheated. Gasa na kimanin minti 40.

Kalakucco

• alkama da hatsin rai - 200 g kowace,
• ruwa - tabarau 3,
• man kayan lambu - 2 tbsp.,
• gishirin.

• kifi ba tare da shugabanni da wutsiyoyi - 700 g,
• naman alade - 150 g,
• shinkafa - 1 tablespoon,
• kirim - 50 ml,
• gishirin.

Bugu da ƙari, man shanu (don lubrication).

Knead da kullu sai a juye rabin a cikin samuwar. Sanya shinkafa da gawa na kifin a tsakiyar (Hakanan zaka iya amfani da fillet), zuba kirim. Zuwa gishiri. Sanya naman alade a saman. Mirgine da rabi na biyu na kullu, murfin, haɗi gef ɗin kek don yin samfurin da yayi kama da burodi. Sanya cake a cikin tanda kuma gasa na kimanin minti 20 a 200 ° C.

Bayan haka cirewa, man shafawa tare da man shanu, kunsa tare da takardar yin burodi da tsare kuma sanya a cikin tanda don wani 3 hours, rage zafin jiki zuwa 140 ° C.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Nau'in Turai na kayan sayarwa galibi suna zaune ne a cikin tabkuna, amma galibi yakan faru ne a cikin koguna, haka kuma a cikin hanyoyin Baltic da teku: a cikin Yaren mutanen Finnish da kuma Dadin Kowa. Creeper yana ƙaunar zama a kan yumɓu ko ƙasa mai yashi, yana guje wa ruwa mai ɗumi. Kuna iya saduwa da ita a Finland da kuma a cikin arewacin yankuna na Rasha, a Denmark, Scandinavia, Scotland, Jamus, Belarus da Lithuania. Ana samun nau'in Pereslavl na musamman a cikin Lake Pleshcheevo.

Pereslavl na sayarwa yana zaune a cikin wani rafi ɗaya da ake kira Pleshcheevo. Tana cikin yankin kudu maso Yaroslavl: wannan tukunyar tana da ƙauna mai sanyi, saboda tana ƙoshin jin daɗin ko da zafin ruwa na + 16 ... + 17 digiri Celsius. Sakamakon tasirin maganin anthropogenic, ana lura da sayayya a cikin tafkin Pleshcheyevo ne kawai a wasu sararin samaniya waɗanda suka dace da bukatun zafin jiki ruwa da jijiyar oxygen. Kuna iya nemo shi a zurfin zurfin mita 10-25, amma tare da faɗuwar rana ana samun mafi girma. Kwanan nan, daidaikun mutane a cikin tafkin sun fara girma a hankali, kuma matsakaicin rayuwarsu ya ragu da shekaru 2.

Kayayyakin Siberiya yana zaune ne a Yankin Kogin Laptev. Wannan carapace ana ganinsa wani irin nau'in kifi ne wanda yake rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai gishiri, amma yayin tsallake shi yakan hau zuwa koguna. Ana samun nau'in Tekun Bahar Maliya a cikin kwarin tekun mallakar tsibirin Arctic. Irin wannan kayan masarufi ana kiranta herring, ko Zeldyu.

Kama kayayyakin sayarwa

A lokacin rani, ana kama kicin daga jirgin ruwa da kuma bakin teku. Daga bakin tekun - zuwa ƙarshen takaddama, matattarar flywheel ko sanda na kamun kifi na Bologna, kuma daga jirgin ruwan - zuwa ƙungiyar kamun kifin da ke sanye da kaya. Tasirin kankara ba shine hanya mafi kyau ba don haɓakar kamun kifin nan da ya shigo da shi ta hanyar bazata.

Mafi ban sha'awa shine kama kifin hunturu. Daga kan kankara, ana cinikin kaya a cikin garland, mormyshka da ƙugiya. An tsayar da komar wuya Kifi ya faru a zurfin da ya wuce 20 m, don haka a cikin yanayin iska babu abin da za a yi ba tare da tanti a kan kankara ba. Inda aka samo kayan sayarwa, mazauna karkara suna gina gidaje a kan tafkin kuma suna samun kwanciyar hankali.

Bayani mai ban sha'awa

Rapushka, wanda aka samo a cikin Lake Pleshcheyeva, ba wai kawai wani ɓangare ne na abincin dare ba, har ma an haɗa shi a cikin jerin abubuwan lenten na mutanen masarauta. Babban kifin mai mai daga wannan tafkin, wanda kuma ake kira ("Pereslavl herring"), ba a iya kama shi ko sayar da shi a ƙarni na 16 a ƙarƙashin dokar tsar. Saboda irin wannan laifi, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ya damu da halin sayarwa, yana barazanar mutuwa da kamun kifi. ga dattawa.

Kyafaffen kayan kwalliya na kwalliya a kan sutturar hukuma ta birnin Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Kuma a cikin Finland, a kowane bikin titin, kuna iya ganin yadda ake dafa kifin da ake so a cikin faranti, abin sayarwa, a cikin kwanon soya, bayan an juye shi a cikin hatsin mai. Kayan abincin an soyayyen a cikin man na Finnish, tabbatar da ƙara man shanu lokacin dafa abinci.