Babu shakka a gaban waɗannan dabbobin - a gabanka akwai barewa. amma me yasa kadan? Girmansa bai wuce 60kg ba, kuma tsayinsa a ƙasan mayukan ya kai 70-80cm!

Abu ne mai sauki, saboda ba ƙarancin barewa bane - yana da Roi deer - Karami ne kuma kyakkyawa wakilin gidan barewa.

Me roe suke ci

Ku ci abinci ganye iri-iri, harma da acorns da aka samo a gefuna. Of namomin kaza, masoya da zuma agarics sun fi son, kuma na berries - lingonberries, blueberries da strawberries. Hakanan, baza su watsar da mosses da itacen girma ba.

Ana cin ganye, ciyawar da furanni bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, amma da wuya, kuma Willow, Birch, itacen oak, Maple, Hazel da raspberries. Lokacin da hunturu ta zo, ana tilasta Roe deer ya ci allura bishiyoyi kuma suna iya fitar da dusar ƙanƙara tare da ƙafafunsu, suna samun ganyayyaki bushe, aiwi, horsetail da itacen ɓaure a ƙarƙashinsa.

Roi deer Dabbobin dare - ci da dare da sanyin safiya.

Roe Sake bugun

Roe deers, ba kamar sauran barewa ba, sun gwammace kaɗaici kuma su kafa ƙaramin rukuni kawai idan suka cancanta.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, a lokacin bazara, an kafa kungiyoyin iyali na uwa da barewa biyu, maza da mata marasa haihuwa suna rabuwa. Forcesungiyoyin sanyi na hunturu suna yiwo da barewa a cikin ƙananan garkuna - yana da sauƙi a tsira daga sanyi da yunwar.

Lokacin mating yana faɗi akan watanni bazara da farkon kaka. Maza suna yin kara da babbar murya waɗanda ke jan hankalin mata, da tsagewa da watsa duniya tare da fantsama da ƙahonin, suna yin yaƙi a tsakaninsu, suna gano wanda ya fi ƙarfinsa. Namiji mafi ƙarfi zai sami ikon zama ɗan mutum kuma ya kirkirar baƙin cikin sa.

Tsawon lokacin haila a cikin ciyawar Roe daga 5 zuwa 10 ne, duka abin ya dogara ne lokacin da dabbar ta dace.
Idan dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi ta faru a cikin bazara, sannan bayan watanni 5, a cikin bazara, za a haife biyu daga ƙananan barewa.

Amma idan mace ta yi juna biyu a cikin bazara, kuma ba ta faɗi ba, to, ɗaukar ciki na da lokacin ta na nesa - wani “ɗan hutu” lokacin da tayin ya daina zama na ɗan lokaci - sannan ciki ya kasance tsawon watanni 10 har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
Roe deer - wannan ita ce kawai nau'in barewa da ke da lokacin rashin haihuwa, ya zama dole don kar yara su iya haihuwa a cikin hunturu, lokacin rashin abinci da sanyi zai cutar da su cikin sauri.

A matsakaita, haihuwar biyu ne a Roe deer; an haife jarirai a watan Afrilu-Yuli. Suna da fata mai mottled kuma suna iya tafiya har ma suna gudana kusan nan da nan, amma har yanzu sun kasance masu rauni sosai kuma suna iya fada cikin rikice-rikice na magabatan, saboda haka suna ciyar da kwanakin farko na rayuwarsu a cikin tsari, shan madarar uwa, girma da samun ƙarfi.
Duk lokacin bazara, jariran suna ciyarwa kusa da mahaifiyarsu, jariran zasu zama manya a shekara mai zuwa, yana da shekaru 14-16.
Matsakaicin rayuwar Roe shine shekaru 10, wani lokacin suna rayuwa 15.

Bayanin da fasalin deer deer

Roi deer (Latin Latin) - dabba daga zuriyar barewa, rukuni na dabbobi masu shayarwa, dangin artiodactyls. Wasu sunaye - roe, akuya daji. Wannan ƙaramar ƙauna ce. Yana da gajeren jiki tare da bakin ciki da ƙananan gaban idan aka kwatanta da na baya.

Matsakaicin nauyin namiji ya kasance kilogiram 22 zuwa 32, tsawon jikin yana daga 108 zuwa 125 cm, tsayin daka a zauren ya kasance daga 65 zuwa 80 cm. Matar tayi dan karami, amma mafi yawa bata banbanta da namiji. Bayyanar dabi'a ce ga barewa.

Shugaban yana da gajeru, matsa daga kunne zuwa hanci, kunnuwa suna da fadi kuma suka nuna a karshen, idanun suna da girma da girma, yara suna yanka kadan, suna da dogon wuya, kafafu sun yi siriri, kafafu kanana kadan ya fi na gaba, kananan hamiya, wutsiya kadan. Kuna iya gani a fili hoto deer.

A cikin maza roe ƙaho kananan ƙananan kanti waɗanda ke girma kusan a tsaye. Tsawonsu ya kasance daga 15 zuwa 30 cm kuma nisan 10 10 zuwa 15. Suna da rassa guda uku, wanda tsakiyar ya karkata zuwa gaba. A cikin ƙaramin deer, ƙaho yakan fara girma a cikin watan 4 na rayuwa, kuma yana haɓaka gaba ɗaya cikin watan 3 na rayuwa. Matan ba sa yin kaho.

Duk tsofaffi suna da suturar monochromatic, amma suna canza shi gwargwadon yanayin: a cikin lokacin dumi yana da duhu ja, a cikin sanyi yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi. An yi wa yankin wutsiyar ado da karamin tabo na fararen launi.

Jariri jarirai sun haɗu da gashi. Wannan yana taimaka musu su ɓoye tsakanin ciyayi koren daji. Bayan watanni biyu ko uku, launin ya zama daidai kamar yadda yake a cikin manya kuma tabo ya ɓace a hankali.

Akwai nau'ikan roe 5. Smallestaramin ƙarami yana da bayyanar Turai (tsawon 1 - 1.35 m, nauyi 20 - 35 kg, tsayi 0.75 - 0.9 m), Asiya - matsakaici matsakaici, Siberian - mafi girma (matsakaici tsawon 1.5 m, nauyi sama da kilo 50).

Roe Habitat

Babban kwari mazauna located in Turai. Habitats na shimfidawa daga tsakiyar Scandinavia zuwa gachen Finland. Hakanan, ana iya samun wannan dabba a cikin kasashen Asiya orarama, a Iran, Iraq, Caucasus, a kan tsibirin Crimea. Iyakokin wuraren zama sun haɗu da Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet da wasu ƙasashe.

Mafi sau da yawa, akan zaɓi gandun daji don rayuwa, musamman wuraren da suke kusa da kwarin kogi. Hakanan, zasu iya rayuwa biyu a cikin coniferous (amma a gaban raguwar rashin ƙarfi), da kuma cikin gandun daji mai rarrafe. Wasu nau'ikan suna jin girma a cikin tsaunukan Asiya ta Tsakiya. A waɗancan wuraren da talafin yake, babu hamada ko hamada.

Sun fi son jagorancin salon rayuwa na zaman lafiya duk shekara. Ana haɗa kowane mutum cikin fewan ƙungiyoyi kuma yana cikin wasu yankuna. Ko da a cikin lokutan sanyi musamman, garken ba ya haɓaka fannin da ya wuce 2 ha. A cikin kaka da bazara, ƙaura daga nesa zuwa kilomita 20.

A lokacin bazara, sun fi son zuwa wuraren da babu dusar ƙanƙara da cin abinci sosai. Tare da dumamar bazara, suna motsawa zuwa wuraren makiyaya bazara. A cikin lokacin bazara, ciyawa tana cikin lokacin sanyi na rana, kuma lokacin da zafi ya cika cikawa - suna kwance a cikin ciyawa ko bushes.

A lokacin rani, kowane mutum yana ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan da sauran, yana kiyaye yankin shi. Lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya ƙare, sai su tattara zuwa cikin garken mutane masu yawa, adadinsu na iya bambanta daga mutum 30 zuwa 100. Irin wannan rukunin yana zaune ne a kan wani yanki mai girman kadada kusan 1000.

A matsakaici, yawan mutane yana ƙaruwa a kan wani yanki a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu: a cikin pritazhnoy yankin, 1 mutum a kowace 1000 ha fadi, a cikin cakuda da deciduous gandun daji daga 30 zuwa 60, a cikin gandun daji-steppe - daga 50 zuwa 120 shugabannin.

Roe Deer Sake buguwa da Rayuwa ta Zamani

Roe deer yana gudana a lokacin bazara, tare da jimlar tsawon kimanin watanni uku (daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, wani lokacin har zuwa Satumba). Misali, a cikin jinsunan Turawa, fara wankan yana faruwa ne a watan Yuni, yayin da yake ciki Sierian roe deer - wannan shine tsakiyar watan Agusta.

Farkon tsarar ya bambanta da tsayin garken. Hakanan daga nesa zuwa gabas da yamma daga arewa zuwa kudu, a farkon zuwa yau komai yana farawa. A matsayin misali, yi la’akari da lokacin rudewar nau’in Austrian: a cikin ƙananan wurare - 20 ga Yuli - 7 ga Agusta, a cikin tsaunuka - Yuni 25 - 15 ga Agusta, a cikin tsaunuka - 3 ga watan Agusta - 20 ga Agusta. A cikin adadi kaɗan na mace, estrus yana farawa a ƙarshen kaka (Satumba - Disamba).

A wannan lokacin, dabbobi basu da hankali, kuma maza sun kusan daina cin abinci kuma suna bin maza sosai. Halinsu ga mace yana da saurin fushi - suna iya bugawa da ƙaho. Da farko, gudu yana faruwa a cikin da'irar babban diamita, ya fi tsayi - karami da diamita na da'irar.

Kuma a ƙarshe, bin abin yana faruwa kusa da itaciya, daji ko rami, kuma yanayin motsi ya fi kama da siffa-takwas ko da'ira daga mita 1.5 zuwa 6 a diamita. Sannan mace ta daina guduwa, namiji ya sanya adadin kuloli. Sai dabbobin su huta.

A dabi'a, a cikin daji, galibi namiji yakan kori mace ɗaya, ƙasa da mafi yawan lokuta. Bayan haka kuma - namiji ɗaya yana tilastawa mace ɗaya, ba sau da yawa - ƙari. Dukda cewa a cikin lokutan guda daya na iya hadi har mace shida. Nau'in nau'in roe ba su ƙirƙirawa.

Waɗannan dabbobin sune kaɗai keɓantaccen lokacinda suke da lokacin haila (ɓoye) na ciki - jinkiri na ɗan lokaci akan ci gaban kwai. Waɗannan bareyin waɗanda suka sami juna biyu a ƙarshen faɗuwa ba su da lokacin latti. A lokacin daukar ciki, dabbobi suna nuna halayensu sosai da kulawa.

Lokacin haila yana da watanni 6-10, amma a matsakaicin sati 40. A cikin awaki a Turai, Crimea da Caucasus, za a haife cuban a ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin bazara. Goatsaya daga cikin akuya ɗaya ko biyu ake haihuwar su a wani lokaci, wani lokacin uku ko huɗu.

Lokacin haihuwar an canza shi zuwa kwanakin da suka gabata daga kudu zuwa arewa da daga yamma zuwa gabas. Kafin haihuwar (a kusan wata 1), deer yakan mallaki wani yanki inda yayi niyyar haihuwa kuma ya kori sauran mutane.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana ba wa fifiko ga wuraren da ke gefuna na daji, a cikin busasshen bushes ko ciyawa, inda zaku iya ɓoye da abinci da yawa. Mafi yawan lokuta calving yakan faru ne a cikin rana da kuma wuri guda daga shekara zuwa shekara.

Roe, wanda aka haife shi, yana cikin ganyayyaki na kusan mako guda. Tunda har yanzu basu iya taimako ba, mahaifiyar ba tayi nisa. Bayan sati daya, yaran sun fara bin mahaifiyarsu, kuma bayan biyu - ba su sake rabuwa da ita ba.

Sun shayar da madara har sai sun cika watanni uku, ko da yake sun fara cin ciyawa daga farkon watan. A ƙarshen ƙarshen magana (a lokacinsa, a tsare a wani ɗan nesa don kada ɗan ɓarna ya cuci wani ko ya kashe) suna bin mahaifiyarsu har zuwa lokacin bazara.

Roe deer abinci

A cikin lokacin da babu murfin dusar ƙanƙara, babban kayan abinci a cikin abincin roe deer shine tsire-tsire. Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi da hadarin dusar ƙanƙara, ana ƙara harbe harbe, ba ƙasa ba - harbe na Pine ko spruce.

Suna son berries (ash ash, viburnum, ceri tsuntsu, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries da sauran su), kuma kada ku manta da namomin kaza. Suna iya ɗaukar apples, idan akwai, ko ci rowan.

A cikin watanni masu zafi, suna buƙatar haɓaka abincin tare da ma'adinai. Sabili da haka, suna tafiya zuwa solonetzes, waɗanda aka halitta duka a zahiri da kuma wuƙa. Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar da solonetz sau da yawa a shekara: Afrilu-Mayu, Yuli, kafin da bayan kullin, Satumba-Oktoba.

Gano mafi girma matsaloli deer a cikin hunturumusamman a karo na biyu. A wannan lokacin, suna cin ciyawa da ke bayyane a saman murfin dusar ƙanƙara, za su iya karya dusar ƙanƙara kuma ku ci ciyawar da take ƙasa ƙasa.

Ko kuma suna neman wuraren da iska ke hurawa (kusa da manyan duwatsu da duwatsun). Idan dusar ƙanƙara ta yi kauri sosai kuma tana da wahalar jujjuya shi - nemi branchesa ofan bishiyoyi da ƙasan bishiyoyi masu ƙwari (misali, Aspen, Birch).

Roe deer farauta

Roe deer an rarrabe shi azaman farauta a yankuna na kudu saboda girman haihuwa. Hakanan Roe nama dauke sosai da amfani da kuma gina jiki. A yawancin ƙasashe na gabashin Roe jita-jita abinci ne na kowa.

Wadanda ba sa farauta suna iya sayan nama. Yana kan siyarwa ne da kan Intanet. Ga masu sha'awar yadda zaka dafa barewaAkwai girke-girke da yawa don deer deer wanda za'a iya samu akan Intanet.

Akwai nau'ikan da yawa damisar farauta:

Lokacin da ake yin farauta yawanci Roy Dayanawanda akwai nau'ikan biyu. Wasu mafarauta farauta tare da fitilan kai, sakawa a mota wata na musamman da ake kira fitilar fitila.

Tunda barewa sunada aiki da dare, ana farauta barewa da daddare. An ba da lasisin farauta deer dinta don harba mutum ɗaya a cikin kullun kuma farashinsa kusan 400 rubles.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Duk da bambancin jinsi, yanki mai yawa na rarraba, wuraren da aka fi so da deer deer suna kama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gandun daji-steppes, light deciduous ko cakuda gandun daji tare da sharewa, sharewa. Dabbobi suna cinye ruwa da yawa, saboda haka ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin shuka tare da bankunan wuraren tafki.

Duhun duhu mai duhu ba tare da zurfin awaki na daji ba ya jan hankali saboda rashin wadataccen abinci, babban dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu. Tun daga kaka har zuwa bazara, dabbobi kan samar da kananan garken dabbobi, wanda yawansu ya kai dabbobi 20; a lokacin rani, kowane mutum yana rayuwa da kansa.

A cikin zafi, barewa za su yi kiwo da safe, maraice da dare, sun gwammace su jira fitar zafi a inuwar bishiyoyi. Bayan fitowar, daga Oktoba zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba, yawo zuwa wurin hunturu yana farawa ne ta hanyar neman abinci ko saboda canjin yanayin canjin yanayi. Matsayi mai nisa yana faruwa da dare, a hanyar da ƙungiyoyi masu ƙaura ke yawanci hada tare da wasu ƙananan garken.

Bayan sun isa wurin, dabbobin suna yin kwana a cikin gandun daji, suna share dusar ƙanƙara zuwa ƙasannun fili a wurin kwanciya. Da iska mai ƙarfi suka kwashe su. A cikin rana, yanayi mai natsuwa, sun gwammace su shirya wuraren hutawa daga juna.

An shirya su ta hanyar da zasu iya sarrafa sarari gwargwadon iko. A lokaci guda, iska ya kamata ya busa daga baya domin jin ƙanshin maƙiyin tun kafin ya gabato.

Matsayi mai nisa ya kasance daga barewar Siberian. A cikin yanki na rarraba nau'in Turai, yanayin yana da sauƙi, yana da sauƙi a sami abinci, saboda haka ƙaura suna iyakance ga canjin marasa muhimmanci. Mutane daya-daya bisa kan tsaunin dutse suna gangara zuwa ƙananan bangarorin a cikin hunturu ko yin ƙaura zuwa wani gangaren, inda babu ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara.

Tsuntsayen daji suna da kyau matuƙa masu iyo da ke iya ƙetara Cupid. Amma ɓawon burodi sama da 30 cm don nau'in Turai da 50 cm ga Siberian yana haifar da wahala a cikin motsi. Matasa sun girma suna kashe ƙafafunsa a kan wani kankara mai dusar ƙanƙara kuma galibi yakan zama ganima na Wolves, foxes, lynxes ko harza. Roe barewa a cikin hunturu Yana ƙoƙarin yin tafiya akan hanyar da aka buge don kada ya nitse cikin dusar ƙanƙara.

Tare da hunturu mai sanyi tare da jiko na dindindin, ban da harin mafarauta, garken suna fuskantar wata haɗari. Mutuwar jama'a na faruwa ne sakamakon gazawar samun abinci.

A lokacin bazara, kungiyoyi sun koma zuwa wuraren kiwo na bazara, ba su rarrabu ba, kuma kowane ɗayan ya mamaye nasa yankin na murabba'in mita 2-3. km A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, dabbobi suna motsawa a mataki ko trot, a cikin haɗari suna yin tsalle-tsalle, yadawa a ƙasa. Idanun su ba su bunkasa ba, amma ji, ƙanshi yana aiki da kyau.

Bayanin dabbobi

Roer deer ne ƙaramar dabba mai falala tare da gajeru jiki da kuma bakin ciki da ƙananan ɓangaren gaban idan aka kwatanta da na baya. Matsakaicin, nauyin namiji bai wuce kilo talatin da biyu ba. Tare da tsawon jikinsa kusan ɗari da ashirin da biyar santimita, haɓaka a ƙusoshin ba su wuce santimita tamanin ba. Mata suna da ƙarami kaɗan, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da bambanci sosai da bayyanar daga maza.

Shugaban deer yayi gajeru, yana gogewa sosai daga kunne zuwa hanci. Kunnuwa suna kan kunne kuma suna dan nuna alama a ƙarshensa. Idanun suna da girma da kuma ɗan tazara. Ciki yana da tsawo da jijiya. Kafafu suna da siriri, tare da ƙafafun hutu fiye da na gaba. Suna da ƙananan hooves. Gashinan ƙanana ne. An yi wa kawunan deer deer da ƙaramin ƙaho, tare da kusan a tsaye. Tsawonsu ya kama daga goma sha biyar zuwa talatin santimita, kuma adadinsu bai wuce santimita sha biyar ba. Kakakin suna da rassa guda uku, tare da keɓaɓɓen hanyar ci gaba.

A cikin cubs, ƙaho suna bayyana a wata na huɗu na rayuwa, amma suna haɓaka gaba ɗaya kawai da shekara uku. Mata basa da kaho.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

Sierian roe deer yana nufin herbivorous, artiodactyl dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya kasance daga dangi, zuriyar barewa. Tsohon magabata na halittar sune Miocene munjacks. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa a cikin Babban Miocene da ƙananan Pliocene a ko'ina cikin Turai da Asiya sun rayu rukuni na dabbobi waɗanda ke da abubuwa da yawa gama gari tare da deer na zamani. Har kwanan nan, deer Sierian deer ya rayu ko'ina cikin yanayin yanayi.

Gashi gashi

Duk dabbobin da suka manyanta an rufe su da furcin monochromatic, wanda ya bambanta dangane da lokacin shekara: a cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara ne mai duhu ja, a lokacin kaka-damina yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. A kusa da wutsiya karamin farar fari ce. Jariri jarirai suna da kyakkyawar tabo mai kyau. Wannan yana ba su damar ɓoyewa a cikin ciyawar daji na kore daga abokan gaba. Launin yana canzawa zuwa dattijo bayan watanni shida daga lokacin haihuwa.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

Tsawon jikin wannan wakilin gidan barewar bai wuce mita daya da rabi ba. Tsawon jikin mutum a ƙashin kansa ya kai santimita 80-95. Girman jikin mutum yakai kilo 30 - 45. Maza sun fi girma sama da mace, amma ba a ambata wannan.

Roer deer yana da ƙarami, da ɗan elongated mucks. Girman kwanyar bai wuce santimita 20-22 ba. Akwai manyan ƙaho a kai, dyne wanda a wasu yanayi ya kai rabin mita. Yankuna sau da yawa suna fadi, suna yaduwa. Maɗaukaki kyawawan ƙaho ana sawa ne kawai daga maza. Mata basu da su kwata-kwata, ko kuma suna da ƙananan ƙananan ƙaho guda biyu.

Bidiyo: Siberian Roe Deer

Wool a cikin hunturu yana lokacin farin ciki tare da launin ja. A lokacin bazara da bazara, launin toka na gashin gashi ya fi rinjaye, yayin da farin madubi a cikin wutsiya ya zama ɗayan tare da launi tare da jiki gaba ɗaya. Wool yakan zama sau biyu a shekara. A lokacin rani, ulu takan fi muhimmanci da gajarta. Mata da mata suna da launi iri ɗaya.

A kan kai suna kunshe, kunnuwa masu zagaye. Roe deer ana rarrabe shi da manyan idanu masu duhu tare da ɗalibai na ƙetare. Dabba yana da doguwa mai girman gaske ba tare da murza ba. A cikin maza yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da na mace. Bareyin Siberian suna da dogayen laushi. Hannun goshin dan kadan sun fi gajerun kafa na baya. Saboda wannan, kashin baya yayi dan kadan gaban gaba. Akwai karamin wutsiya zagaye, wacce ke dauke da zobe na farin ulu, wacce ake kira madubi.

A cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, maza sun sami ci gaba a cikin ƙwayar tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta, musamman, daɗaɗɗen gumi da gumi. Tare da taimakonsu, maza suna barin alamomi masu nuna alamun kasancewarsu wani yanki. Deer na Siberian suna da kyawawan abubuwa, haɓaka da haɓaka mai ji sosai da ƙanshi.

A ina ne barewar Siberian take?

Hoto: Littafin Siberian Roe Deer Red

Mahalli sarari yake.

Gidajen Sierian deer:

• Yankunan arewacin Mongolia,
• Yammacin China
• Tsakiyar Asiya
• Yakutia
• Transbaikalia
• Siberiya
• Ural.

Magabatan wannan nau'in artiodactyls a tsohuwar zamanin sun zaɓi yanki na gandun daji don rayuwa. Koyaya, tare da fadada iyakar yankin da mutum ya inganta, sun koma daji. Roe de ya zaɓi matsayin mazaunin ƙasa inda suke iya samun mafaka cikin sauƙi kuma sami abinci a sauƙaƙe. Idan babu matsaloli tare da abinci, amma akwai matsala tare da tsari, dabba ba zata tsaya anan ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda haɓakar ɗabi'ar kiyaye kai.

Roer barewa yana zaune a cikin ciyayi, ciyayi mai yawa wanda ba shi da kariya a cikin yankin - mai sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta.

Sun fi son ƙwanƙolin tsaunukan dutse, ƙasa mai faɗi, tsaunukan daji, tudun rami. Bugu da kari, wadannan dabbobi masu rauni suna son makiyaya, dogaye, ciyawa mai yawa. Sau da yawa zaku iya samun barewa na Siberian a cikin marshland, a cikin gandun daji mai ɗumi, a cikin ƙasa mai noma. Suna da kyakkyawan inganci don daidaitawa da yankin da aka noma. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu alama suna da sauƙin jure yanayin sanyi, mai tsananin sanyi.

Abubuwa da yawa da yawa sun shafi zaɓin wurin zama: kasancewar tushen wutan lantarki, matsuguni da kuma girman murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Matsakaicin izini mai tsayi na dusar ƙanƙara shine mita 0.5. Idan tsayi ya wuce wannan alamar, artiodactyls nemi wani wuri inda murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya ragu sosai. Wani muhimmin yanayin kuma shi ne cewa dusar ƙanƙara ba ta sauka a doron ƙasa ba.

Menene roe na Siberian ya ci?

Hoto: Namijin Siberian Roe Deer

Sierian roe deer ne tsire-tsire. Koyaya, ba za a iya cewa suna ciyar da ciyawa ɗaya ba. Dabbobin za su iya cin namomin kaza, berries, harbe na matasa, ganye. A farkon bazara, ana buɗe furanni akan bishiyoyi. Sun fi son m, sabo ne ganye. Zasu iya cin ciyawar bushe, hatsi tare da ƙarancin abinci.

Don abubuwan da ake buƙata na ma'adinai don shiga jikin mutum, bareyi suna cin solonetzes, ko kuma bincika hanyoyin samun ruwa waɗanda ke wadatar da ma'adinai don shayarwa. Lokacin cinikin gwaiba da ciyar da gwal, buƙatar ma'adinai yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Lokaci mafi wuya ga deerian deer shine ana ganin ƙarshen hunturu. A wannan lokacin ne suka ji karancin abinci mai arzikin ma'adinai, da ruwa. Idan tafkunan tafka ruwa, dusar ƙanƙara na iya cinye abubuwan da ke cikin jikin mutum. A cikin hunturu, in babu abinci, conifers na iya ci.

Tsarin narkewa na artiodactyls yana da karamin ciki. A wannan batun, bareyi ci kadan. Koyaya, yanayin aiki yana buƙatar ɗaukar abinci akai-akai. Yayin day, ana lura da aƙalla abinci 7-10 a cikin manya ɗaya. Tsarin abinci na yau da kullun ga mutum ɗaya shine ƙayyadaddun nauyin jikinsa kuma kimanin kilo 2-2.5 na ciyawar kore. A cikin lokacin sanyi, ana rage adadin abincin yau da kullun, kamar yadda yake da adadin kuzari.

A cikin yanayin ƙarancin abinci, gasa mai zafi tana ƙaruwa tsakanin wasu wakilan ungulates da Siberian roe deer. A cikin hunturu, idan babu wata hanyar samun wutar, barewa sukan tono dusar ƙanƙararsu da makuransu, suna haƙa ciyawar bushe Suna iya samun abincin kansu daga ƙasan dusar ƙanƙara, ƙusoshin wanda ya kai rabin mita.

Zuriya

A cikin deer a cikin Turai, Caucasus da Crimea, zuriya suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon bazara. Babu fiye da yara biyu da aka Haifa. Ana samun sabon barewa a cikin ciyawa na kimanin mako guda. Tunda basa da taimako, uwa ba tayi nisa da su. Bayan sati daya, yaran sun fara bin mahaifiyarsu ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kuma makonni biyu bayan haka a zahiri basu barin ta.

Me barewa ke ci a daji? Noma mata a wannan lokacin ya isa sosai: ganye, ciyayi, ganye da sauran ciyayi. Baban jarirai har zuwa watanni uku suna cin madara, kodayake suna cin abincin da aka shuka daga farkon watan.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

A cikin waɗannan dabbobin akwai tsarin yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun. Zamanin kiwo da motsawa a cikin su yana canzawa tare da cinn abinci da hutawa, barci. Mafi yawan aiki da dabbobin hannu da sanyin safiya. Dabbobi suna cin mafi yawan lokacinsu a kwance. Gadaje sune wuraren da suka share daskararren dusar ƙanƙara da busassun ciyawa tare da ƙafafunsu. Yawanci, maharba Siberian suna zaɓan wuraren kwanciya a bayan makiyayan, ko a cikin gandun daji.

A dabi'ance, barewar Siberian ba dabbobi bane kadai. Suna tattarawa cikin groupsaramin rukuni na mutane 7-12. Rukunin sun ƙunshi namiji, mata da yawa da dabbobi. A cikin lokacin sanyi, ƙananan kungiyoyi zasu iya haɗuwa cikin garken, suna samar da kawuna kusan dozin uku. Da farkon bazara, sun sake watsewa.

Ayyukan yau da kullun ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: yanayin yanayi, yawan mutane a cikin garken, tsananin zafin anthropogenic. A cikin hunturu, ana lura da babban aiki a sanyin safiya, a lokacin rani - da dare da maraice. Tare da matsa lamba na anthropogenic, babban aikin mutane yana faruwa a cikin duhu.

Haɗin Siberian roe suna haɗe zuwa takamaiman kewayon. Bayan sun ƙware wani yanki, sai suka koma zuwa can can akai-akai. Maza suna rufe wani yanki, wanda alamar sa ta kama da goshi da wuya a kan bishiyoyi. Hakanan zasu iya tono raƙuman ƙasa, suna ɓoye ɓoye tsakanin glandon yatsa. Namiji daya ya mallaki yanki na kadada 20 zuwa 150. A matsayinka na mai mulki, dukiyar maza ba ta birgewa. Rage sassan kowane ɗayan mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin girman girma.

Baƙon abu bane ga maza su shiga ƙasashen waje. Tare da farawa kowace sabuwar kakar, maza manya sun sami damar haƙƙin mallakar yanki.

Consideredauren deber Sierian ana ɗaukar salama, dabbobi marasa rikici. Ko da tsakanin maza, da wuya rikici ya tashi. Lokacin da rigima ta taso, sukan nuna ƙarfi a gaban abokin hamayya. Masu dea Roe suna yin sautuna daban-daban da yawa.

Alamun sauti na yau da kullun na Sierian deer:

• Yayi magana. Yana da halayyar sadarwa a cikin sadarwar mace tare da 'ya'yanta. Shi wata alama ce ta damuwa, damuwa.
• Bakin ciki, nutsuwa. Yana bayyana tashin hankali, haushi.
• Barkono. Zasu iya buga fitina da firgita.
• Girma Buga wani dabbar da aka tarko.
• Ruwa mai tsalle, mai tsalle. Alama ce ta halayyar mai haɗari, tsoro.

A cikin sadarwar mutane da juna, muhimmiyar rawa ana taka ta hanyar yare marasa amfani da asalin. Don haka, suna ba da dukkan alamu, kira don gudu, da dai sauransu. Roer deer yayi sauri da tsalle sama. A kokarin tserewa daga tseron, maharbar Siberian ta yi tsalle sama da mita biyar a tsayi.

Me barewa suke ci a yanayi?

Lokacin da babu murfin dusar ƙanƙara a yankuna inda barewa ke zaune, tushen abincinsu shine ciyawa da ƙananan bushes. Menene barewar daji ke ci a lokacin hunturu? Tare da sanyi na farko da dusar ƙanƙara, abincin ya zama mafi ƙarancin gaske - dabbobi dole ne su gamsu da harbe-tsire na bishiyoyi, kuma a cikin lokutan musamman ana amfani da ƙarancin abinci ko harbe-harbe na pine. Roer deer yana da matsaloli na abinci na musamman a cikin rabin lokacin sanyi. A wannan lokacin, ciyawar da dabbobi suke samu, watsewa dusar ƙanƙara, rassan bishiyoyi, ƙasan bishiyoyi masu ƙwari (Birch, Aspen) - wannan shine duk abinda barewa take ci. Neman ciyawa, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ikon lankwashe manyan wuraren da kera su.

Me barewa ke ci a gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya?

Mafi wadatar abincin waɗannan dabbobi a yankuna na kudanci. Kuma a nan an danganta shi da ciyawa da ciyayi marasa tushe. Amma a cikin wannan yanki daban-daban berries, apples and har ma an ƙara namomin kaza - wannan shine abin da barewa ke ci a Tekun Baƙi, ban da abincin shuka na yau da kullun.

A lokacin rani, deer na buƙatar sake cika abincin tare da ma'adanai a cikin zafi. Don haka, dabbobi suna zuwa ga abubuwan halitta waɗanda aka kirkira kayan fasahar gishiri. Samun gishiri yana faruwa sau da yawa a shekara: a cikin watan Afrilu - Mayu, Yuli, kafin da bayan fitowar, a watan Satumba-Oktoba.

A kan duwatsun tuddai akwai busasshen gishiri a bushe. Wannan wani yanki ne mai kyawun dutse. Da cinyoyinsu na gaba, dabbobi suna tono ramuka kuma suna zuwa wannan fage. Wasu lokuta ƙwan gishiri yana zama laka mai duhu a cikin ƙananan kwari, a bankunan marshes da ƙananan tabkuna. Wani lokacin ana iya ganin ƙara gishirin akan bumps, shi ma cinye take.

Lican guntun gishiri na wucin gadi sun daɗe da dace wa mafarauta. Don yin wannan, sun zaɓi rukunin yanar gizo waɗanda ke kusa da babbar hanyar miƙa wuya deer deer. Cleanedaramin yanki an tsabtace shi sosai daga sod, tare da taimakon sandar nuna alama, ana yin tsagi a cikin abin da aka zuba magudanar ruwa ta sodium chloride. Dabbobi da ƙamshi da wasu alamu, waɗanda kawai aka san su, suna samun solonetz kuma suna ziyarta ta kai a kai.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

Lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yana farawa ne a cikin dabbobi daga tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma zai wuce shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Maza suna yawan neman mace; basa cin komai a wannan lokacin. Matan da ake ganin sun cika shekaru biyu ana daukar su ne ta hanyar jima'i. Idan akwai masu nema da yawa na hakkin shiga aure tare da mace, maza na iya fada da juna.

Akwai bayyanar da tsoratarwa ga maza dangane da mace. A cikin miji daya na mace, namiji zai iya yin tayi har zuwa mata 5-7. Haka kuma mace deer ba ta banbanta da samuwar dangantaka. Kodayake wani lokacin zasu iya aboki na shekaru da yawa a jere tare da ɗayan da suka fi so.

A cikin yanayin aikin Siberian artiodactyls, ana lura da juna biyu a cikin haihuwa. Wannan shine, amfrayo da yake fitowa ya dakatar da girma da haɓakawa har zuwa watanni 3-4. Idan dabbar ta hanyar canjin da ta faru a lokacin faduwar, babu lokacin haila. Da farkon farawar tayi, mace ta zama cikakke kuma mai hankali. Ba ta da tsawa, tsalle-tsalle mai hadari, tana gudu da sauri. Zamanin haihuwar daga mil 250 zuwa kwanaki 320. Toaya daga cikin jarirai ɗaya zuwa uku.

Cuban beer suna da matukar rauni kuma basa taimako. Matar ta ɓoye su a cikin mafaka masu aminci na watanni da yawa.

Ganyayyaki a baya na taimakawa abin rufe fuska a cikin busassun ciyayi. Uwar ba ta da nisa, amma ta fi son ciyarwa da hutawa ba tare da jariran ba, don kada ta jawo hankalin su. Matar tana kula da saduwa da zuriya har zuwa sabon zamani.

Sierian roe deer ne sosai m. Da farko na kowace sabuwar kakar, zuriya suna samarwa sama da kashi 96% na nau'ikan mata da suka manyanta. Duk da tsananin fa'idar aiki, ci gaban halitta baya girma cikin sauri. Daga cikin wannan nau'in ungulates akwai ƙananan rayuwa mai 'yan ƙwai.

Mafi mashahuri tsirrai a cikin abincin roe

A kan iyakar Rasha da kasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, kusan tsirrai dari biyu da hamsin ke tsiro, wanda barewar take ci. Daga cikin su, ban da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, na huhun ciki da ciyawa, an sa kayan ƙwari, namomin kaza da lichens. Roer deer da ke zaune a Siberiya suna cin allurai, da kwayayen apical, har da harbe-rubucen matasa, itacen al'ul, larch da fir.

Daga cikin tsirrai, roro deer ya fi son mai sautinaster, ƙananan nau'in willow, ash ash, blueberry, meadowsweet, spirea, honeysuckle da daurian rhododendron. Dabbobi suna cin ganye, mai tushe, lingonberries, bearberries da blueberries.

Yana neman abin da za a ci barewa a cikin fadama. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan sune ganye mai ɗaci: calamus, calla, kallo. Manyan ganyayyakin da wannan stemaceactyl suka zaɓa sun haɗa da hatsi, ƙyamar wuta, ƙaramar dutse, tsutsa, hemophilus, da zobo.

Abokan halitta na Siberian roe deer

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

Abokan halitta na Siberian dee ana ɗaukar su dabbobi ne. Waɗannan sun haɗa da beyar, lynxes, Wolves, damisa. Fuka-fukai da nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri suna haifar da barazana ga yara da marasa taimako.

Growtharamin haɓaka da launi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa na gashin gashi ya ba shi damar narkewa a kan tsirrai, ciyayi da ciyayi mai girma. Dogon kafafu suna ba ku damar gudu da sauri kuma shawo kan manyan matsaloli. A lokacin nema, maɗaukaki babban bera yana haɓaka gudu har zuwa kilomita 50 / h. A wannan saurin, basu da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa. Koyaya, ikon yin irin waɗannan tsalle-tsalle da tsalle cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 4-7 yana ba ku damar tserewa daga bi.

Wani babban maƙiyin Siberian barewa shine mutum. Saboda gaskiyar cewa mutane suna lalata mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi masu rauni, da kuma farauta da masu farautar namun daji, suna kan ƙarshen ƙarewa. Sierian roe deer shine babban kofin farauta da mafarauta. Babban ƙaho, mai nauyi, fata da nama mai laushi koyaushe suna cikin buƙatu kuma ana yaba su sosai.

Bayanin Roe Deer

Dabbobin suna da ɗan gajeruwar suttura, kuma bayawar artiodactyl dan kadan yafi girma da kauri fiye da na gaba. Gwargwadon girman maɗaukakin mazinaci shine 22-32 kg, tsawonsa yakai 108-126 cm kuma matsakaicin tsayi a ƙarancin da baikai sama da 66-81 cm ba. Mabiyan Yammacin Turai sunfi ƙanƙan da na miji girma, amma alamun ƙarancin jima'i sun fi rauni. Ana samun mafi girman mutane a sassan arewaci da gabashin yankin.

Ciyar da dabbobi

Sanin abin da barewa ke ci a lokacin hunturu, wasu gonakin farauta a ƙasarmu suna yin girbi na Aspen da Birch rassan don ciyar da hunturu na waɗannan ungulates.Roer deer shine mafi yawan bayani game da gundarin daji. Dabba da sauri mutum zai yi amfani da shi ga mutumin. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙaru sosai, maɗaukaki yakan fara tattara ciyawa a kan hanyoyin daji, ba tare da jin tsoro ya fita zuwa cakuɗe da sauran suttukan da suke da yawa ba.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, gonaki suna samar da kayan gona na musamman waɗanda ke ba da ciyarwar hunturu don barewa. A yayin ajiye kayan, sai a saka gishirin da maginin da gaske yake buƙata. Kamar sauran nau'ikan al'ummomin ungulates, roe deers suna sha'awar cin ciyawar gishiri, kuma daga abubuwan da aka saba (ba tare da gishiri ba) suna zaɓi wasu ganye kawai, kuma suna tattake komai.

Hakan yana da mahimmanci a samar da gurbataccen gishiri a cikin farauta gonaki don samar da ma'ana tare da ma'adanai, a cikin adadin maki biyu zuwa uku akan kadada dubu ɗaya.

A yankuna daban-daban na kasarmu, abinci mai kyau yana da halaye na kansa (a wani ɓangaren da muka taɓa wannan batun). Misali, a yankin Turai na Rasha a lokacin hunturu, roi deer ya kakkare harbe harbe na itacen oak, linden, maples, ash, da hornbeam. A cikin Caucasus da Crimea suna cin jasmine da dogwood, a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya - actinidia da Amur inabi. Roer deer da yardar rai ya tattara itacen oak, 'ya'yan itatuwa beech da bishiyoyi, idan akwai.

A wuraren da ke da barewa masu yawa, alal misali, a cikin Belovezhskaya Pushcha ko a cikin ajiyar Crimea, ana hana 'yan barewa cikakken kiwo. Red barewa tana cin harbe-harbe na bishiyun da aka fi so da shukoki a tsawan mita biyu. Roer deer ana tilasta su gamsu da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Sakamakon haka, rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya taso. Roer deer haihuwa mafi muni, kuma wani lokacin gaba daya dakatar da haifar da zuriya kuma kusan sau da yawa mutu daga cututtuka. Yawan jama'a a cikin irin wannan gandun daji yana raguwa sosai.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Siberian Roe Deer

Akwai wasu yankuna a cikin Littafin Lissafi wanda aka jera shi. A cikin yankin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, an jera su Sierian dee a cikin Littafin Red na Yankin Tomsk da Yankin Krasnoyarsk. An ba su matsayin yawan raguwa.

Gabaɗaya, a yau ba a yiwa jinsi barazanar hallakawa. Saboda yawan masu garkuwa da mutane a tsakiyar Turai, akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 10-13. Kodayake shekaru biyu ko biyu da rabi da suka gabata, adadinsu ya ninka sau biyu.

Babban yawan haihuwa yana ba ku damar hanzarta dawo da yawan jama'a. A wasu yankuna, har izuwa farauta daga Siberian deer an yarda dashi bayan samun lasisi. A cikin kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, ana amfani da roe nama a matsayin mai daɗin ci saboda ƙimar abincinsa.

Kariya na Siberian Roe

Hoto: Littafin Siberian Roe Deer Red

Don kare dabba, haramun ne a farautar su a yankuna inda aka rage yawan nau'in halittu. Misali, Burtaniya ma tana yin laifi kan hadari idan dabba ta same shi. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, ana kuma ɗaukar matakan shawo kan matsalar farautar namun daji da kuma farauta ba tare da izini ba. Idan ya keta dokokin, an ci tara wani mai hari. Girmanta ya dogara da ƙimar lalacewar da ta haifar.

Siberian Roe Deer - dabba mai kyau da kwalliya. Rayuwa da dabi'un dabi'a suna da ban sha'awa. Mutum na neman kirkirar yanayi mai gamsarwa don fadada kewayon wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Tarihi da rarrabawa deer

Tushen halittar Capreolus Grey yana haifar da Miocene muntzhaks (subfamily Cervulinae). Tuni a cikin Babban Miocene da ƙananan Pliocene, duka a Turai da Asiya sun rayu da rukuni mai kama da yawa haruffa zuwa deer na zamani kuma sun haɗu a cikin halittar Procapreolus Schloss. Tsarin kusancin su shine Middle Pliocene genus Pliocervus Hilzh. Halin halittar Capreolus ya danganta ne da Babban Tsarin Piraki na Plasa ko kuma Pleistocene na ,asa, kuma an kafa nau'in Capreolus capreolus da tabbaci ne kawai a ƙarshen zamanin Ice.

A takaice kwanannan, da yawa, da iri iri na barewa, aƙalla cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi, yana ci gaba. Yankin arewacinsa an haɗa shi da layi na matsakaicin matsakaicin zurfin murfin dusar ƙanƙan 50 cm. Yankin da yalwar wannan dabbar yana rufe wuraren da zurfin dusar ƙanƙara bai wuce 10-20 ba. Sakamakon kisan kare dangi a cikin shekarun juyin-juya-hali, kewayon ya kasu zuwa sassa da yawa, sakamakon matakan da aka ɗauka. a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, roe deer sun sake fara cika wuraren da ba su kasance a cikin shekaru da yawa ba.

Habitat, mazauni

Dabbaren Turai ma sun zauna gandun daji masu hade da bushewa iri daban-daban, har ma da yankuna gabbai-kurmi. A cikin tsirrai na coniferous, artiodactyls ana samun su ne kawai a gaban zurfin nau'in nau'in disiduous. A cikin yankuna na gaskiya, da hamada da kuma hamada, wakilai na abubuwan halittar Roe basa nan. A matsayin mafi yawan wuraren kiwo, dabbar ta fi son wuraren dazuzzukan haske mai ƙyalli, mai wadatar bishiyoyi da kewaye da filaye ko makiyaya. A lokacin rani, ana samun dabbar a cikin ciyayi masu ciyawar ciyawa masu yawa tare da dasa shuki, a kan ragowar rance da dazuzzukan ruwa, da kuma kananzir da share shara. Dabbobin da ke daɗaɗɗar nama sun gwammace don guje wa ci gaba da yankin.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Gabaɗaya, deer na Turai ya kasance cikin rukuni na dabbobi na nau'in gandun daji, wanda aka fi dacewa don rayuwa a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi da kuma bishiyar shuki da yawa fiye da tsayayyen gandun daji ko kuma yanki na yanki.

Matsakaicin yawan adadin barewa na Turawa a cikin irin kwayoyin halitta na karuwa daga arewa zuwa kudu. Ba kamar sauran ƙa'idodin Turai ba, deer shine mafi dacewa da zama don zama a cikin yanayin da ake noma da kuma kusancin mutane. A wurare, irin wannan dabba tana zaune kusan shekara-shekara a kan filayen noma daban-daban, suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin gandun daji kawai don shakatawa ko kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi. Zaɓin wurin zama ne da farko matsalar wadatar samar da abinci da samar da matsuguni, musamman ma a cikin filin buɗe ido. Hakanan mahimmin mahimmanci shine girman murfin dusar ƙanƙara da kasancewar dabbobi masu ƙaddara a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa.

Turai rae deer salon

Magudon barewa suna aiki da safe da maraice. A ranakun zafi zafi barewa ke ciyar da mafi wuya, kuma a cikin hunturu sai su zama marasa ƙarfi.

Rayuwar zamantakewa ta deer deer ta dogara ne da lokacin shekara.

A lokacin rani, yawancin deer yakan jagoranci rayuwa mai kaɗaici, kuma a cikin hunturu ana haɗasu cikin garken. Daga Maris zuwa Agusta, barewa sun fi yin rikici kuma suna nuna halin yankuna. Maza sun mamaye yankin daga kadada 2 zuwa 200.

Maza a koda yaushe suna zagaye shafukansu kuma suna yi musu alama. Suna ƙoƙarin kada su keta kan iyakoki, amma matasa suna iya yin azama. Rikici tsakanin su da wuya ya faru, mafi yawan lokuta yakan ƙare tare da nuna ƙarfi. Mata da jarirai suna zaune a shafin maza, kuma yakan kori ɗan shekara ɗaya.

Mace mai zafin rana. Mace masu ƙaho suna da wuya.

A watan Oktoba, tsoratarwar maza ya zama ƙasa da yawa, suna jefa ƙahonin kuma dakatar da alamar iyakokin makircin. Iyalai na hunturu fara farawa - matasa dabbobi suna haɗuwa da mace tare da jariran. Membobin kungiyar suna zama tare duk lokacin hunturu, adadin mutanen da ke cikin irin wadannan rukunin ya kai 40-90. Makariyar Turai, ba kamar takwarorinsu na Siberiya ba, ba sa yin ƙaura zuwa lokacin hunturu.

Iyalan deer na hunturu na Turai na ƙarshe har zuwa Maris ko Afrilu, sannan kuma su fara watsewa.

Lokacin da rogo ya natsu, yana motsawa a ƙwal ko kuma mataki, kuma yayin haɗari yana gudana, yana yin tsalle game da tsayin mita 7. Saurin dattiwar datti yakai kilomita 60 a sa'a.

Matan da ke jinya suna motsawa cikin ƙananan matakai, yayin da sukan tsaya su saurari abin da ke faruwa a kusa. Roer deer zai iya iyo sosai kuma cikin sauri. Sun yi haƙuri da murfin dusar ƙanƙara da talauci kuma suna ƙoƙari su bi hanyar dabbobi. Roer barewa ya sauka a kan daskararren dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar kankara, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama haɗari a gare su.

Dabbobin daji na Turai suna ciyar da dabbobi fiye da 900 na tsire-tsire iri daban daban, sun fi son harbe-harbe matasa. Domin kwana guda suna ciyar da sau 5-11.

A cikin jarirai, hauren barewa ana hango su, wanda yake basu damar kamo su tsakanin ciyawar bazara.

Roe Deer na Turai

Abincin da aka saba amfani da shi na barewa ya haɗa da kusan nau'in nau'ikan tsire-tsire dubu, amma artiodactyls sun fi son abinci mai sauƙi da abinci mai wadatar ruwa. Fiye da rabin abincin abincin yana wakiltar tsirrai masu dicotyledonous, gami da nau'in itace. Insarancin da ba shi da mahimmanci a cikin abincin ya ƙunshi mosses da lichens, da masu girbi, namomin kaza, da ferns. Mafi yawan roke barewa suna cin ganye da rassa:

Roer deer shima yaci abinci iri-iri na hatsi, suna ciyar da manyan sarewa da gobara, da zubar jini da kamuwa, hogweed da angonica, zobo daji. Artiodactyls da tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa wanda ke girma a cikin fadama da tabkuna, da kuma amfanin gona iri-iri, kwayoyi, gurnin gero da ciyawa, ana son su. A matsayin wakili na antiparasitic, yawancin tsire-tsire masu magani sukan sha ne daga barewar.

Don ramawa game da ƙarancin abubuwan ma'adinai, ana kawo ɓarin gishiri a wurin artiodactyls, kuma ana shayar da ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan da ke da wadatar ma'adinan. Dabbobi suna samun ruwa musamman daga abincin shuka da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma matsakaicin bukatun yau da kullum shine kusan lita ɗaya da rabi. Abincin hunturu ba shi da bambanci, kuma mafi yawanci ana wakilta shi ne ta hanyar harbe da fure daga bishiyoyi ko ciyawa, ciyawa bushe da ganyayyaki marasa ganye. Mosses da lichens an haƙa su daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma ana cin abinci allurar bishiyoyi da haushi.

Shahararren masanin binciken dabbobi, masanin burbushin halittu, dan takarar kimiyyar halitta Konstantin Flerov ya gabatar da shawarar rarrabe deer bisa ga nau'ikan hudu:

Wakilan nau'ikan suna zaune a yammacin Turai, ciki har da Great Britain, Caucasus, sashen Turai na Rasha, Iran, Palestine. Har ila yau, dabbobi sun zama ruwan dare a Belarus, Moldova, jihohin Baltic da yamma a Ukraine.

Maganin barewa na Turai ƙanƙane a girman - jikin mutum ya fi mita nesa, tsayinsa a ƙishi 80 cm, nauyin kuma shine 12-40 kg. Rufin hunturu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, duhu fiye da sauran nau'in. A lokacin bazara, kan launin toka ya fita daga kan asalin launin ruwan kasa.

Rosettes na ƙaho ana dasa su sosai, kututturen kansu suna da kyau, shimfidawa kaɗan, har zuwa tsayi sama da 30 cm.

Yankin rarraba wannan nau'in shine gabashin yankin Turai na tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet, ya fara daga Volga, arewacin Caucasus, Siberiya har zuwa Yakutia, lardin arewa maso yamma na Mongolia da yamma China.

Siberian Roe Deer girma ya fi na Turai girma - tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 120-140 cm, tsayinsa a ƙasan mayukan ya kai mita, nauyin ya kama daga kilo 30 zuwa 50. Mutane daban-daban sun kai kilogiram 60. Mata sun kasance ƙanana da kusan 15 cm .asa.

A lokacin rani, launi na kai da na jiki iri ɗaya ne - launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. Ana busa ƙahoni, ya fi fice. Isar da tsawo na 40 cm, suna da matakai 5. Abubuwan waje suna da faɗi, kada ku taɓa juna. Lu'ulu'u da aka haɓaka suna kama da fure. Swollen auditory blisters tsaya a kan kwanyar.

Theaunin launin shuɗi na barewa abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin kowane jinsi, amma a Siberian, ya bambanta da Turai, ba su cikin layuka uku, amma cikin huɗu.

1. Yankin Gabas ko Manchu

Dabbobin suna zaune a arewacin Koriya, China, a cikin yankuna na Primorsky da Khabarovsk. Dangane da girman, rogon Manchu ya fi na Turai girma, amma ya fi na Siberian girma. Kyakkyawan fasalin - madubi a ƙarƙashin wutsiya ba fararen fata bane, amma m.

A cikin hunturu, gashin da ke kan kansa ya fito waje tare da launi mai launin shuɗi fiye da jiki. A lokacin rani, deer yakan zama ja mai haske tare da ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa a baya.

Yankunan rarraba - China, Gabashin Tibet. Kyakkyawan fasalin shine mafi girma kuma mafi kumburin auditory vesicles a tsakanin dukkan jinsuna. Sichuan roe a cikin bayyanar yana tunawa da Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma ƙarami a tsayi kuma mara nauyi.

Mayafin a cikin hunturu launin toka ne da launin ruwan kasa, goshi ya bambanta da launi mai duhu. A lokacin rani, dabbar ta sami launi ja ta launi.

Kiwo Turai Roe

Roer deer sune mafi mahimmancin danginsu. A cikin mata manya, ana haihuwar jarirai 2 a shekara, wanda suke ciyar da madara don watanni 6-8. Tuni yana da shekaru 2, deer na Turai zai iya samun zuriya. Kuma a cikin tsoffin mata, ana iya haihuwar jarirai 3 ko 4.

Jirgin Turai yana da tsawan lokaci 2 - wanda ya fara a watan Agusta, kuma ƙari a watan Disamba. A karo na biyu ma'aurata sun aura, wanda saboda wasu dalilai suka kasance ba tare da an sanya su ba, an rage haihuwarsu zuwa watanni 5.

A lokacin tarawar, deer ba ya yin nau'i-nau'i. Bayan hadi, Namiji ya bar mace ya nemi wata sabuwa. Manyan maza sun yi saurin mace.

Kiwo Roe ya danganta da yanayin rayuwa da adadin abinci; a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, mace ta haifi jarirai biyu, amma samari kan kawo ɗa guda ɗaya.

Shedding na barewa na Turai yakan faru sau biyu a shekara.

Calves bayyana a lokacin rani lokacin da akwai mai yawa succulent abinci a kusa. Madara Roe tana da abinci mai gina jiki sosai, yana da ɗimbin kitse, furotin, sukari da sauran abubuwan da suke da amfani ga ci gaban ƙasa. Uwa tana ciyar da jarirai tare da madara na dogon lokaci, kuma idan akwai ɗa guda ɗaya a cikin zuriya, yana samun abinci mai yawa, sabili da haka, yana da wuya a rarrabe ɗan shekara 5 da mai shekaru shida.

Yankin farko na 'yan maruƙa suna ciyarwa da ƙarancin girma kuma ba sa mutuwa sau da yawa, amma a cikin masu tsananin sanyi yanayin ya bambanta, mace-mace a tsakanin ƙananan dabbobi yana da girma, musamman a tsakanin waɗanda ba su da lokacin samun nauyi.

Abokan Roe

Roe roe an daidaita shi sosai don rayuwa a cikin gandun daji-steppe zone - kuma wannan ba matsala ba ce, saboda tana da maƙiya da yawa: lynxes da kyarkeci Ka iya kama tsohuwar roe deer, da tsuntsaye iri iri, dawakai kuma karnukan daji sun gwammace farauta daga barewa.

Rashin ƙuruwar ƙuruciya yana ba ta damar zama marar-ganuwa a cikin ɗan gajeren shishshigi, launin shudi mai launin shuɗi kusan kusan ba a iya ganuwa da tushen ciyawa mai tsayi da gangar jikin bishiyoyi, da kuma ƙwayar siraran mortey tare da zuriyar gandun daji da ƙurar bara.

Legsafafun kafafan suna ba da izinin barewa su iya yin saurin zuwa 60 km / h - a wannan saurin turmi ba zai sami damar guduwa na dogon lokaci ba, har ma da ƙaramin juyi ya isa ya tsere daga bin sahun lynx ko ƙyarkeci.

Amma babban abokin gaba na Roe Deer shine mutum: raguwar mazaunin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa roke de yakan zama waɗanda ke fama da haɗarin hanya kuma suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci, kyawawan ƙahoni da nama mai daɗi suna sa su zama maƙasudin mafarauta.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Roe

Kakakin matasa na Roe deer suna kama da bututu.

Roi deer suna sauƙaƙa iyo da ban mamaki kuma ba tare da wahalar wahalar iyo kogunan Yenisei da Amur ba yayin hijira.

Da ganin hatsarin, dabbar ta fara dakowa da ƙarfi, ta yin gargadi game da haɗarin dangin sa.

Yana gudu daga masu hasara, Roe deer na iya hanzarta zuwa60 km / h - fiye da saurin lynx ko kyarkeci, amma ba za ta iya yin gudu kamar wannan na dogon lokaci.

Mace mace ta barewa sauki ga hora - tana cikin natsuwa, ba ta da rikicewa kuma ba kwata-kwata, amma tare da namiji komai yana da wahala sosai - kusan ba zai yuwu mu horar da shi ba.

Maza na iya samun ƙarancin maza - tare da mata biyu ko uku.

Wasu mata basa shiga cikin tseren bazara, amma suna a watan Disamba. Amma abin da ke da ban sha'awa: suna kawo sa cuban, kamar sauran 'yan barewa, tunda a lokacin daukar ciki amfanoni ba su wuce lokacin hawan.

Roe Deer Face Mask

Roe bareke yana bayyanar da halin ɗabi'a, wanda a lokutan motsi da waje kiwo tare da cin abinci da hutawa. Mafi tsawon lokaci shine safiya da maraice, amma azumin yau da kullun ana ƙaddara shi da yawa daga cikin abubuwan asali, gami da yanayi na shekara, lokacin rana, mazaunin halitta, da kuma matsayin damuwa.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Matsakaicin gudu na dabba na dabba shine 60 km / h, kuma kan aiwatar da ciyar da barewa yana motsawa cikin ƙananan matakai, tsayawa kuma yawanci yana saurare.

A lokacin bazara-bazara, dabbobi suna nuna ƙaruwar aiki tare da faɗuwar rana, saboda yawan adadin kwari masu zubar jini. A cikin hunturu, ciyar ya zama ya fi tsayi, wanda ke taimakawa kashe farashin kuzari. Makiyayi yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 12 zuwa 16, kuma an raba kimanin awoyi goma don cin abinci da hutawa. Matsakaicin mowa ko motsi yana da nutsuwa, kuma idan haɗari dabba ta motsa cikin tsalle-tsalle tare lokaci-lokaci. Maza suna zaga ƙasarsu a kowace rana.

Tsawon rayuwa

Dabbobin daji na Turai suna da babban iyawa har sai sun kai shekara shida, wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar nazarin yanayin yawan mutanen da aka yi nazari. Wataƙila, bayan ya kai ga irin wannan yanayin ilimin halittar, dabbar ta zama mai rauni kuma tana ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki daga abinci mafi muni, kuma har da ƙanƙanta haƙurin abubuwan waje. Anyi rayuwa mafi dadewa ta Turai deer deer a cikin Austria, inda, sakamakon sake kama dabbobi da aka yiwa lakabi, an sami wani mutum wanda shekarunsa goma sha biyar ne. A cikin zaman talala, artiodactyl na iya rayuwa a ƙarni na kwata.

Roe subspepe

An bambanta deer na Turai da bambancin yanayin yanki na girma da launi, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabe adadi mai yawa na yanki, gami da nau'ikan biyan kuɗi daban-daban a cikin kewayon. Har zuwa yau, bayyananniyar ƙungiya Carreolus carreolus carreolus L. ana rarrabe ta:

• Sarreolus sarreolus italicus Festa wata reshe ce wacce take rayuwa a yankin kudu da tsakiyar Italiya. Specieswararrun nau'in da ba a kiyaye ba suna zaune a yankin tsakanin kudancin Tuscany, Puglia da Lazio, har zuwa ƙasashen Calabria.
• Sarreolus sarreolus garganta Меuniеr wani reshe ne, wanda aka san shi da launi mai launin toka na fur a lokacin bazara. Yana zaune a kudancin Spain, ciki har da Andalusia ko kuma Sierra de Cadiz.

Wani lokaci manyan deer daga yankin Arewacin Caucasus ana kuma kiran su zuwa ƙananan hukumomi Sarreolus sarrelus saucasicus, kuma yawan mutanen Gabas ta Tsakiya ke wakilta a alamu ga Sarreolus sarreolus sokhi.

Kiwo da zuriya

Gon mai aiki yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin watan Yuli-Agusta, lokacin da kahon namiji ya kauda sannan fatar ta yi kauri a wuya da gaban jiki.. Gudun yana farawa da gefuna, dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi, amma ba a kula da tsarin ƙasa ba. A lokacin yin tsere, mazajen barewa na Turai sun rasa abin ci kuma suna bin duk wata mace mai ruwa. A lokacin haila daya, namiji yana haduwa har zuwa mata shida.

Roer deer shine kadai ungulate, wanda ake nunawa lokacin haila ne, don haka hanzarin hanyoyin girma cikin amfrayo ba su fara daga watan Janairu ba. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar haihuwa shine kwanaki 264-318, kuma ana haihuwar jariran ne a karshen watan Afrilu da kimaninwa har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Makonni hudu kafin haihuwar, matar ta shiga cikin wurin haihuwa, daga inda wasu 'yan akuya suke korata cikin tsananin gudu. Mafi mashahuri don satar yara sune gefuna na daji tare da ciyawar daji ko ciyawa mai tsayi, wanda zai iya ba da tsari da abinci.

A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a matsayinka na mai mulki, kawai ana yin nau'i biyu na abubuwan gani da fur da aka rufe, wanda a cikin farkon watanni biyu zuwa uku na rayuwa sun zama marasa taimako, saboda haka suna zama a cikin mafaka na musamman. Haɗin zamantakewar mace tare da zuriyar da ya karu ya ɓace kamar mako biyu kafin haihuwar sabuwar ƙarni. Roer deer yayi girma sosai, sabili da haka, tare da farkon kaka, nauyin jikinsu ya riga yakai kimanin kashi 60-70% na gwargwar talakawa. Maza sun kai ga balaga lokacin da shekara biyu ke, kuma mace a farkon shekarar rayuwa, amma a haihuwa, a matsayin mai mulki, shekaru uku ko fiye da haka ke shiga.

Darajar tattalin arziki

An yi la'akari da mahimmancin mahimmancin tattalin arziƙin deer a cikin matakai uku musamman mahimman hanyoyi. Da fari dai, deer ne ke farautar dabbobi waɗanda ke ba da nama da kyawawan abubuwan dandano da ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki, fata mai mahimmanci da ƙaho mai kyau. Abu na biyu, artiodactyls ya warwatsa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kawo lahani ga ɓarnar gandun daji da tsire-tsire.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Roer deer ne samfurin abinci wanda ake ƙima da daraja a wasu ƙasashe fiye da deer daji, boar daji da kurege.

Abu na uku, barewa abubuwa ne na duniya da aka yarda dasu, da kuma ainihin kayan kwalliyar ciyayi da gandun daji. Ko yaya dai, kiwo deer na Turai zai iya haifar da mummunar illa ga sararin samaniya da ƙasar daji.