Ordinaryan talakawa, shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ƙaramin tit ne tare da wadataccen ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi. Tsuntsu ya bazu sosai a yankin mara ƙarfi da yanayin Arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Yammacin Asiya da Turai. Yana zaune a cikin daji galibi a cikin gandun daji masu gauraya da yankewa, musamman a Birch da itacen oak. Yayi daidai da yanayin filayen da ake nomawa kuma sau da yawa yakan zauna a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna inda za'a iya samunsa kusa da masu ciyarwa. Sau da yawa yakan zama alƙawura a biranen Turai. Tsuntsu ba mai jin tsoro kuma mai sauƙin barin mutane kusa da kansa.
A lokacin kiwo, ana ciyar da shi sosai akan abincin dabbobi: gizo-gizo da kwari. A cikin hunturu da damina, wani ɓangaren abincincinta shine abincin shuka, kamar tsaba. Gidaje a cikin rami, da a cikin ramuka na wucin gadi.
INA SON LAFIYA
Blue-throats suna jin daɗi sosai a kusan dukkanin gandun daji da ke hade da hadewar Yammacin Turai. A cikin dazuzukan daji, waɗanda basu da dace da rayuwarsu, tsuntsaye sukan bayyana da wuya. Blue Tit kuma suna rayuwa a cikin lambunan birni da wuraren shakatawa da yawa. A lokacin bazara da bazara, suna barin kananan gandun daji inda bishiyoyi suke da kankantar samun ikon samun manyan wuraren zama dole. Koyaya, a cikin damina da damuna, ana iya samun tsuntsaye a cikin tsoffin gandun daji da matasa, bushes da reeds. A wannan lokacin, titmouse tsuntsaye sukan haɗu a cikin makarantu gama gari tare da sauran nau'in titmouse. Tare, tsuntsaye suna yawo gandun daji don neman abinci. Kasancewa cikin manyan garken, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun fi samun kariya daga makiya, alal misali, daga shaho-shaho.
Bayanin
Titan ƙaramin titmouse tare da guntun gajeren bakin ciki da gajerun wutsiya duk shuɗi ne. Cikakken bayani game da shi an gabatar dashi a cikin labarin da ke ƙasa. Ya fi girma girman girman girma, amma ya fi girma fiye da Muscovite - tsayin jikinsa ya kai 12 cm kuma yana nauyin 14. Guni launinsa ya bambanta da na sauran nau'in tsuntsayen da hat-azure hat, da kuma bakin bakin duhu mai ratsa bakin baki - su wuce idanun, rufewa daga bayan kai. Na biyu launin shuɗi mai duhu shuɗi yana zagaye da wuya, ta haka ne ya samar da kamannin abin wuya.
Gaban goshi da kunci fari fari, wutsiya, fuka-fuki da napepe shuɗi-shuɗi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, baya yana da zaren zaitun, amma yana iya samun launuka daban-daban, gwargwadon mazaunin. A kasan tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi-rawaya, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren akwai karamin ratsi mai duhu a tsaye. Kafafu mai launin toka-baki, baki baki.
MENENE Abincin
A lokacin rani, cyanides suna ciyar da kwari, waɗanda aka tattara akan ganyen bishiyoyi, kamar itacen oak. Suna kuma ganima a gizo-gizo, kwari, kwari da sauran kwari. A lokacin ciyar da kajin, adadi mai yawa na daskararre, caterpillars ko larvae, waɗanda aka samo a cikin bishiyoyi da bushes, sun zama ganima na furannin fure. Cin yawancin kwari (alal misali, shaggy caterpillars na silkworms, barows), titin shuɗi, kamar sauran nau'in tsuntsaye, yana da fa'idodi ga yan lambu. A cikin kaka, tsuntsaye suna ciyar da dabbobin daji, ƙwaya beech kuma sun tashi kwatangwalo. A cikin hunturu, ban da kwayoyi da kuma mai mai yawa, Blue Tit kuma yana cin tsaba. Suna da matukar son tsaba sunflower, poppy tsaba da hazelnuts. A cikin tsananin zafin ranan, azores a cikin binciken kwari suna nazarin haushi da bishiyoyi. A lokacin bazara bai kamata a ciyar dasu ba.
22.11.2017
Titin Blue Blue, ko Tit Blue Tit (Latin: Cyanistes caeruleus) tsuntsu ne daga dangin Sinitse (Paridae). Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan masu alaƙa da juna a gaban rami azure akan kai da sikelin maimaita magana.
Yana da sau 2-3 sau da yawa fiye da babban tit (Parus manyan), amma yawanci ya fi girma fiye da baki tit (Parus ater).
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Titin ruwan hoda gama gari matsakaici-matsakaici, matsakaita mai nauyin kusan 13-15 g, yana girma tsawonsa game da santimita 12. Wata sifa mai kyau ta wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ita ce launi daban-daban na fikafikanta da wani irin hula a kai - a cikin shudi shudi talakawa, suna da launi mai zurfi na azure.
Don wannan inuwa ne blue tit kuma ya sami wannan suna. Daga ƙaramin baki mai launin toka har zuwa bayan ta, sai ta wuce wani shuɗi mai duhu, na biyun ya shiga gindin kuma yana ɗaure da wuya, yana jaddada farin kumatun. Abun ciki yana fentin launin rawaya mai haske, a tsakiyar akwai farar fata tare da taɓa baki. Wutsiya, kamar fuka-fukai, ana fentin su a cikin sautunan shuɗi, baya yana da zaitun duhu.
Kamar sauran tsuntsayen, wani babban mutum mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana da launi mai haske fiye da mace ko dabba matasa. Hoto na Titin Layi, hakika, ya kasa isar da duk kyawun wannan kankanin tsuntsu, don jin daɗin launuka iri-iri a rigar sa mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar ganin sa kawai. Aboki mafi kusa da wannan tsuntsu shine blue tit (sarakuna) daidai yake da ita, amma tana da tarin wuta.
Gidajen bijiyoyi suna da faɗi sosai. An rarraba su ko'ina cikin Turai, har zuwa tsaunin Ural. Yankin arewa na iyaka ya shafi Scandinavia, yankin kudu ya ratsa yankin Iraq, Iran, Siriya kuma ya kama arewacin Afirka.
Blue tit sun fi son su zauna a cikin tsoffin dazuzzuka daji, galibi a cikin gandunan itacen oak da gandun Birch. Ana iya samunsa a cikin lokacin murfin dabino na kudu a kudu, da kuma itacen ɓaure na itacen Siberian taiga. A cikin yankuna masu yanayin bushewa, mazaunin azores a cikin ambaliyar kogi, tsakanin reeds da reeds, wannan shine halayyar fararen azure.
A cikin hoto, tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi
Akwai yawan azure duk a cikin kunkuntar bel da kuma birane. Akwai hanyoyin da suka lura da inda suke zaune a fitilar fitila ko da akan alamun alamun an san su. Sakamakon yaduwa a yanzun blue tit tsuntsu tilasta tilasta daidaita da ga yanayin zamani zamani.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Loveaunar launin shuɗi, don sanya shi a hankali, abu ne mai wahala, duk da haka, kamar sauran takwarorinsa. Sau da yawa sukan shiga cikin yawon shakatawa tare da kananan tsuntsaye na sauran nau'ikan, suna yin nasara da yankunansu. Ganuwa mai shuɗi ya zama bayyananne musamman a lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, lokacin da ya fitar da nau'ikansa daga inda ake tsammani.
Game da mutumin, yanayin da ake kira Blue Tit yana da abokantaka, tana da matukar son sani, amma da hankali. Titwararrun shuɗi (sarakuna) suna da taka tsantsan; yana da matukar wahala a iya bin sa a yayin farauta.
Ko da don ƙwararren masanin ilimin dabbobi, ana ɗaukarsa babbar nasara ce don samo mazaunin yarima, amintaccen ɓoye tsakanin willow da reeds. A lokacin dumama, tsuntsu yakan jagoranci rayuwa ta sirri, amma da lokacin hunturu, idan haske ya canza shi gaba da dusar ƙanƙara, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ya zama da ƙarfin zuciya.
Blue Tit yana zaune, yawo kawai don ɗan gajeren nesa. Hijira na iya lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa, kazalika da sanyin sanyi. Neman abinci, galibi suna tashi zuwa harabar birni da wuraren shakatawa, da yardar rai sake dawowa daga fashin da ke da iri da man alade, dakatar da hannun ɗan adam mai kulawa.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Karl Linnaeus shine aka fara amfani da shudi mai launin shudi wanda akafi amfani dashi a cikin tsarin halitta (bugu na 10) a cikin 1758. Sannan kuma ya sanya wa jinsunan suna sunan Parus caeruleus, wanda a ciki tsuntsayen ana ganin kawai babbar wakilce ce babba. A farkon shekarun 2000, bisa tsarin binciken da masana halittun Amurkawa suka yi, an raba cyanides zuwa wani tsarin halittar daban.
Titin shudi na yau da kullun yana cikin tsarin "Passeriformes" da dangin "Titmouse". Wannan iyali ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 46 waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji na Turai, Asiya da Afirka. A cikin bayyanar, Blue Tit yana da kamanni da akasari, amma tare da ɗanɗano mai haske. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai kusan 13 cm, kuma nauyi bai wuce 13 g.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kasancewa mafi yawan kwaro, blue tit zaune ba daidaituwa ba ne a tsohuwar gandun daji. A cikin hawan tsohuwar tsohuwar bishiyoyi, zaka iya samun larvae da yawa na kwari. Bugu da kari, azores suna son su ci abinci a kan caterpillars, aphids, kwari, sauro, kuma in babu wadancan, sai su canza zuwa arachnids. Azores baƙi ne na yau da kullun na orchards wanda suke lalata babban adadin kwari.
Sakamakon yanayin sanyi, ya zama da wahala sosai wajen kama kwari, kuma dole ne tauraron dan adam ya tashi zuwa manyan wuraren da neman abinci. Sannan ana haɗa ƙwayoyin Birch, Maple, Pine, Spruce da sauran bishiyoyi a cikin abincinsu.
A cikin ciyayi da itace mai girke-girke, suna tara mai da tsiro a cikin begen neman ƙananan arthropods da lardin su da ke ɓoye don hunturu. A lokacin dumi, ɓarkewar shudi kusan gabaɗaya (80%) canzawa zuwa abincin dabbobi.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ya isa lokacin balaga a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Tun daga farkon bazara, an lura da zalunci yan ƙasa a cikin halayyar maza, suna da himma don kiyaye ramin da aka zaɓa don mazaunin kuma basu barin sauran tsuntsaye su tafi can.
Mai ban sha'awa don kallo menene alamar shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yayin wasannin tsalle-tsalle. Yaron, bayan da ya bude wutsiyarsa ya yada fuka-fukansa, ya yi birgima a kasa ya yi rawa a gaban masoyiyarsa, tare da raye raye tare da raira waƙar farin ciki.
A cikin hoto, wani shudi mai launin shuɗi
Lokacin da aka samu yarda, ma'auratan sun fara rera waka tare. Blue Tit suna waƙa ba za ku iya kiranta da fice ba, muryarta tana da bakin ciki kuma ban da wacce aka saba don dukkan shuɗi-si-si-si-si, sikirin da ta ƙunshi bayanan abubuwan da ba su dace da su ba.
Sauraren tsuntsayen masu launin shuɗi
Mace na tsunduma cikin aikin ginin gida. Matsayi mai kyau don waɗannan dalilai karamin rami ne mai kafa 2-4 m sama da ƙasa. Idan girman rami yayi karami - tsuntsu ya tsinka itace kuma ya kawo shi zuwa girman da ake so. Don yin gini, ana amfani da ƙananan twan eka, ruwan ciyawa, yanki na gansakuka, shred na ulu da gashinsa.
A cikin kakar guda, Titwararrun Titin masu suna Blue Tit suna ƙyamar sau biyu - a farkon Mayu da ƙarshen Yuni. Wata mace mai suna Blue Tit tana sanya kwai ɗaya a kowace rana, a matsakaici, kamawar na iya ƙunsar 5-12 ƙwai, an rufe shi da farin harsashi mai launin shuɗi.
Lokacin shiryawa yayi kadan akan sati biyu. Mace ta fita daga gida kawai idan akwai gaggawa, sauran lokacin da ta zauna a cikin gida, namiji zai kula da abincinsa.
A cikin hoto, shudi mai shudi mai shudi
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: idan iyayen da aka haife su suna jin haɗarin - suna yin kwaikwayon macijin maciji ko tono, ta haka suna tsoratar da masu farauta daga rami. Kayan kaji suna tashi daga gida a cikin kwanaki 15-20 bayan kyankyashe. Daga wannan rana, kajin na iya kulawa da kansu, kuma iyayensu zasu fara tunanin zuriyar da zata zo.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ma'aurata masu launin shuki masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfi, tsuntsaye kuma suna rayuwa tare da lokutan kiwo da yawa, har ma da rayuwarsu gabaɗaya, wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru 12 a matsakaici.
Menene ma'anar launin shudi mai kama?
Tsuntsu yana da gajeren wutsiya da karamin baki. Tsawon jiki bai wuce 12 cm ba, kuma nauyinsa yakai 14 g. Siffofin launi suna buƙatar hat hat da ratsin shuɗi mai duhu don haskaka launuka na baki, wucewa idanun kuma rufe a bayan kai. Wani tsiri mai launin shuɗi yana ƙawata wuya, yana kama da abin wuya.
Goshi da kumatun suna da farin zubewa. Wutsiya da fuka-fukan suna shuɗi da shuɗi. A gefen baya, launin launi na zaitun ya fi rinjaye, amma girman launi, tare da bambancin inuwa, na iya bambanta dangane da yankin da tsuntsu yake zaune. Bottomasan yana da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke ba da ƙafafu mai launin shuɗi-musamman da haske da ganuwa.
Mata sun fi annashuwa da launi. A cikin girke-girke, akwai launuka masu launin rawaya-shuɗi ko masu haske-kore fiye da m-kore mai haske. Launin saurayi mara kyau ne. Ba shi da hula mai launin shuɗi, jikinsa na sama galibi launin toka ne, ƙasan yana launin kore.
An san tsuntsu da babban motsi da "magana." Ba kamar titin mai sauƙi ba, wakokinta suna farawa da kira mai sau uku, yana haɓakawa cikin ma'auni tare da hanyar haɗi 15. Tattaunawa tare da sauran tsuntsayen an iyakance ga faɗi gajeriyar sigari, wanda za'a iya maimaita ta a wasu saƙo da saƙo daban-daban.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit in jirgin sama.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit in jirgin sama.
Ina yake zama
A cikin kasashen Turai ba a wakilci kawai a Iceland ba, tsaunukan Balkans da kuma Alps, har ma a arewacin Scotland. Yankin gabashin gabashin wannan yanki ana ɗaukarsa shi ne yankin da ke daure na Siberiya, kudu - Syria, Iraq da Iran, arewacin - ƙasar Norway, Finland da Sweden.
Blue Tit ɗin gama gari ya zaɓi ya zauna a cikin gandun daji tare da tsoffin bishiyoyi. Tsuntsu ba shi da ƙa'idodi na musamman don shimfidar wurare, ban da kasancewar bishiyoyi masu rarrafe. Zai iya tsayawa tare da rafin kogi, a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni, a kan tuddai da ke da bishiyoyi masu wuya kuma har ma a yawancin gandun daji. Halin da mutane ke nunawa abokantaka ne, wanda ke bawa tsuntsayen damar haifar da yawan mazaunan birni, suna yin la'akari da manyan riguna a wuraren shakatawa.
A cikin gandun daji, ana ganin mafi girman adadin mutane a wuraren da birrai ko itacen oak suke girma. Daga cikin ragowar yiwuwar halittu masu rai, azure suna jan gaban juniper da itacen al'ul, cike suke da dabino. A cikin yankuna maras kyau, tsuntsun yayi ƙoƙari ya zauna a cikin dajin da ke ambaliyar a gefen kwarin kogin.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit a kan tsiro.
Menene blue tit ke ci
Duk da girman jikinta, tsuntsu ya fi son abincin dabbobi. Abun kula da shudi masu shudi game da tsutsa kwari da kwari da kansu, waɗanda girmansu ba su wuce 1 cm a tsayi. Idan babu caterpillars da larvae, babban abincin abincin tsuntsu shine arachnids. Da zaran kwarjinin ya sami adadin tsuntsayen da suka dace, nan da nan sai su canza zuwa wurinsu.
Blue tit yana lalata kwari a cikin daji da yawa. Aphids, silkworms marasa daidaituwa, larvae sawfly, kwalliyar malam buɗe ido - ganyayen ganye, wasps, kwari, kwari a jikin dole.
A cikin hunturu da marigayi kaka, tsuntsaye dole su canza zuwa kayan lambu. An ba da fifiko ga tsaba itace, musamman Birch, boxwood, yew, spruce, Pine, cypress, itacen oak da maple. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi ba su da jin kunya kuma suna cin abinci daga masu ciyar da tsuntsaye, suna zaɓin gyada ko ƙwayoyin sunflower da man alade waɗanda ba a ba su daga abincin da aka gabatar ba. Samun xarfin andabi'a da kuma kyakkyawan ma'amala, mutane da ke zaune kusa da mutum har ma sun koyi yadda ake samun cream daga jaka tare da madara. A cikin hunturu, a yanayi, tsuntsaye suna ƙoƙarin matsawa zuwa reeds ko willows a bankunan tafkunan don nemo kwari da suke yanke shawara su ɓoye a jikin rassan.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit.
Blue Tit yana cin kitse.
Blue tit kaji.
Rarraba
Har zuwa yau, an san adadin 16 na Cyanistes caerulus. Yankin ya bazu cikin Turai, Asiaan Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da arewacin Afirka. Mafi yawan jama'ar Turai ana kiyasta a miliyan 16-21 nau'i-nau'i.
Yawancin tsuntsaye suna yin rayuwa mai taushi banda waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna na Arewa da arewa maso gabashin Turai kuma suna ƙaura zuwa kullun zuwa yankunan kudanci na nahiyar.
Sun zauna da nau'ikan gandun daji masu cakuda, kuma ana lalata su da kayan kwalliya (musamman waɗanda bushe) ban da tsibirin Canary. Ana samun su a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da ma tsakiyar tsakiyar manyan biranen. Mafi yawanci, canza yanayin gandun daji tare da itacen oak. Sun fi son su zauna a kan tudu, amma kuma an daidaita su don wanzu a cikin tsaunuka. A cikin Tatras, ana samun su a tsawan tsayi har zuwa 1100 m, a cikin Alps sama zuwa 1700, kuma a cikin Caucasus da Pyrenees har zuwa 1800 m saman teku.
A cikin yankuna na yamma na Rasha, azores na gama gari da fari (Cyanistes cyanus) suna haifar da zuriya, wanda ake kira tit ko prince Pleskei (Parus pleskei). Na dogon lokaci, an dauki wannan salon a matsayin wani jinsin mai zaman kansa.
Halayyar
Blue tit tsuntsayen tsari ne mai yawan amfani da gauraya. Tana ƙaunar hawa tare da ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, suna saukar da kanta ƙasa. Mutane ba sa tsoro kuma suna iya kusanto gidan mutane.Yana tashi kamar talauci kuma galibi akan ɗan nesa.
A lokacin ƙaura kuma a cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye sukan taru a cikin garken mutum har 200, galibi tare da manyan tsuntsaye. A cikin watanni musamman sanyi, suna aiki tare da bishiyoyin katako daban-daban (Dendrocopos babba), sarakuna masu launin shuɗi (Regulus regulus), nuthatch gama gari (Sitta europaea), da pikas (Certhia familiaris). A irin wadannan tarin matattakala, al'ummomin da suke da fata sun nemi abinci tare kuma da kiyaye makiyaya sosai.
Kasancewa mai zurfin tunani da halittun da ba a magana, raye-raye masu launin shuɗi tare da babbar sha'awa suna nazarin kowane fashe a cikin hakar bishiyar, suna ƙoƙarin neman wani abin ci. Suna sauƙaƙe hawa zuwa ƙaramin rami kuma ba sa rasa dama don ciyar da kansu daga masu ciyar da tsuntsaye.
Tsuntsaye masu ƙarfin hali wani lokacin sukan ɗauki abinci har ma daga hannun mutane.
Yaduwa
A farkon bazara, kuma a wasu yankuna na Kudancin har zuwa farkon watan Fabrairu, tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi farawa don neman madaidaiciyar ciyawa. Abinda ya fi dacewa kananan ramuka ne ko kuma kunkuntar sako a cikin bishiyoyin da suke a nisan da bai wuce 15 m ba, ko kuma ramuka da kananan bishiyun katako. Lokacin da namiji ya sami wurin da ya dace, tare da saurin motsin fikafikan sautin kukan, sai ya kira matar zuwa gare shi. Sannan ya zube a ciki sannan ya kira budurwarsa, yana da yakinin cewa za ta yarda da wannan masaukin. Matar sau da yawa ta ƙi wurare da yawa kafin ta yanke shawara cewa ta sami abin da take buƙata. Ta gina gida da kanta. Tsuntsu ya kawo daskararren ciyawa, ciyawar bushewa da sauran kayan zuwa m. Ta narkar da ciyawar ciyawa tare da ƙirjin ta kaɗa ta a gefuna har sai ta murƙushe gida. A karshen, mace ta sanya tayin a gida tare da gashinsa. Cyanistes suna sanya farashi 7-13 da fari mai launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa da ƙwai. A lokacin kwanciya da kwancen qwai, namiji yana kare yankin da ake samu daga abinci da tushen abinci.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- A cikin hunturu, azores suna yin "hare-hare" akan masu ciyarwa. A cikin rana guda, har zuwa tsuntsaye 200 waɗanda ke ciji kwayoyi sau da yawa suna tashi zuwa grid da aka dakatar a cikin lambun tare da kwayoyi.
- A Ingila, titmouse titmouse, wanda ke jujjuya duk abin da za su iya samu, ya isa wurin kirim a ƙarƙashin murfin mayafin kwalayen madara da madara ke amfani da shi a ƙofar a ƙofar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, tsuntsayen suna cin abinci mai tsami har zuwa lokacin da al'adar bayar da madara ga gidaje ta shuɗe.
- Wani lokacin cyanistes sukan fito da abin da taga ko kuma su tashi a cikin daki su tsage ƙirar fuskar bangon bangon waya, wanda a sahunan ke nan tare da sheƙansu.
- Edswararrun masu launin shudi a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa, ƙwanƙolin ƙofar wanda ba ya wuce cm cm 3. Duk da haka, a gida tare da qwai, kajin da mace galibi suna lalata ƙauna.
TAFIYA LAZOREVKA. KYAUTA DA SAURARA
Maza manya da mata masu launi iri ɗaya ne, maza za su iya zama sauƙi kaɗan. Fuka-fukan tsuntsayen kananan su ma sun bambanta da launuka daban-daban daga gashin fuka-fukan manya-manya, duk da haka, basu da kwarjini sosai. Tsarin launuka masu launin shuɗi tare da taimakon ƙaƙƙarfan paws da manuniya na iya rataye har ma a kan rassan na bakin ciki, suna fitar da waƙoƙi daga gare su. Saboda wannan, suna iya diro abinci a jikin mai daga kitse da tsaba, wanda mutane ke jingina musu bishiyoyi. Mace ta sanya ƙwai 7-13 tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa (ɗaya a rana). Lokaci na makonni biyu na farawa ne kawai bayan an dage kwan kwanciya. An gina shinge na Blue Tit a cikin ramin bishiyoyi daga gansakuka da ciyawa, bayan haka an yi jigilar su tare da gashin tsuntsu mai laushi.
- Range Blue Tit
INA SON LAFIYA
An samo launin ruwan Blue a kusan dukkanin Turai - a cikin gandun daji da kuma kusa da gidan mutane. Iyakokin iyakar sun faɗaɗa kudu zuwa Scandinavia, yamma da Moscow da kuma ɗaukar wani ɓangare na arewacin Afirka.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Yawan adadin mutane masu launin shuɗi ya ragu a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata saboda raguwa. Duk da wannan, babu wata barazanar kai tsaye da zata lalata nau'in halittar.
Bidiyo: Titin Baki
Bambanci tsakanin titin shudi na gama gari daga masu haɗa shi - manyan tsuntsayen suna cikin ƙarami ne kawai. Alamar shuɗi tana da daidai guda guda da nono na launin rawaya, kambi, baya, wutsiya da fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A kan kuncin akwai kuma gashin fararen fata, kuma a saman tsuntsu ta yanayin mahaifiya, wani nau'in abin rufe baki "wanda aka zana" a bayan kai. Paarfin Blue Tit ɗin launin toka yana da faffadar haske.
Wadannan tsuntsayen ba su da bambance-bambance masu bambanci tsakanin maza da mata, sai dai cewa mazajen suna da ɗan haske sosai, musamman ma a lokacin bazara, a lokacin lokacin kiwo. A cikin kananan dabbobi, launi shima ya zama mara nauyi, babu wata shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a kan kai, saman kai da kumatunku masu launin shuɗi-baki, launin goshi da na bayan kai kuma mai launin shuɗi ne. An kawata saman jikin a wasu sautunan launin toka, tare da launin shuɗi mai duhu da duhu, amma ba ma furtawa. Ababen karkashin kasa masu launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Blue tit na iya zama cikin fursuna har zuwa shekaru 15, amma a karkashin yanayin rayuwa rayuwarsu ta gajarta - har zuwa shekaru 5.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Menene ma'anar launin shudi mai kama?
Muhimmiyar rarrabe fasalin Blue Tit daga wasu tsuntsaye shine sautin launin shuɗi mai haske. Blue tit wani karamin tsuntsu ne wanda ke da gajeren baki da wutsiya, yayi matukar kama da titin, amma yayi girman girma sosai. Launi ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye a cikin shuɗi mai haske da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Wani bambanci - ban da maɓallin baƙar fata a kan kai, titin shuɗi yana da madaurin shuɗi mai duhu, mai kama da abin wuya da ke zagaye da wuya.
In ba haka ba, komai ya yi daidai da launin manyan tsuntsaye - fararen goshi da kunci, mugu mai launin shuɗi da fuka-fuki, ƙwaya mai launin rawaya, ciki mai launin rawaya-maraƙi, baki mai tawali'u, ƙananan ƙafa mai launin toka-mai launin toka. Tsuntsayen Azure suna da matukar fa'ida da tsuntsayen marasa ƙarfi, suna tashi da sauri, basu da girma, suna yawan buɗe fikafikansu. A koyaushe suna birgima daga reshe zuwa reshe, suna son zama akan ƙarshen rassan bakin ciki, suna rataye a ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matsayi da sifar dukkan jikin azure crawfish yana taimaka mata ta rataye a kafa ba kawai akan rassan bakin ciki ba, har ma akan rataye 'yan kunne.
Blue Tit yana ƙaunar tweet da raira waƙa, kuma a wannan batun sun bambanta a cikin maimaitawa sosai. Waƙoƙinsu suna da bukata sau biyu-da uku-na-uku, na tsawon lokaci, kaɗan na jin sautin kararrawa, kukan. Sadarwa tsakanin junan su, tsuntsayen suna yin gajere, masu kama da “cyt”, suna maimaita su sau da yawa a jere a maɓallan daban daban.
Yanzu kun san yadda tsuntsu titin yake. Bari mu ga inda take zaune.
Ina aka samo titin shudi?
Hoto: Blue Tit a Rasha
A cikin Turai, Blue Tit yana zaune a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe ban da Iceland, Scotland (arewa), Alps (tsaunuka), Balkans, arewacin yankuna Russia da kuma Scandinavia.
A cikin Norway, ana iya samun launin shuɗi mai ban mamaki a cikin arewa har zuwa nau'i na 67, a cikin Finland da Sweden - har zuwa layi na 65, a kan iyakokin yamma na Rasha - har zuwa nau'i na 62,, A Bashkiria - har zuwa na 58. A gabas, blue tit yana zaune a cikin gandun daji-steppe na Kudancin Siberiya, kusan ya isa Kogin Irtysh. A kudu, ana iya samunsa a cikin Canaries, a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, a arewacin Siriya, Iraq da Sudan.
Kyakkyawan mazaunin cyanistre shine tsohuwar itacen oak na daji (itacen oak), duk da haka, an sami nasarar zaɓa wani yanki mai ɗorewa tare da shimfidar wurare daban-daban, tsuntsu ya sami damar daidaitawa da yanayi iri-iri, yanayin da ake amfani dashi wanda shine wajibcin kasancewar bishiyoyi masu lalacewa.
A cikin Turai, azores sun fi so su zauna cikin gandun daji ko dunƙule, tare da mahimmancin Birch da itacen oak. A lokaci guda, ana iya samun duka biyu a gefen gandun daji, da zurfin gandun daji, har ma da wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, shimfidar wurare, gandun daji, har ma a kan tuddai. Har ila yau, nau'in Azure suna jin daɗi a cikin birane, suna samar da adadin jama'a masu yawa, ba sa kama mutane da komai.
A arewacin Afirka, shudi mai haske wanda aka samo a cikin dazuzzukan itacen oak na piedmont, dazuzzukan itacen al'ul a Maroko da Libiya, a cikin otel na Sahara. A Tsibirin Canary, ana iya samun tsuntsu a cikin babban dunbin dabino na dabino da kuma tsefe.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Blue Tit a cikin gandun daji
A kudanci da tsakiyar sassan mazauninsu, azores suna yawan zama marasa hankali, yayin da suke cikin yankuna na arewacin suna ƙaura yamma ko kudu a lokacin hunturu. Rationsauraran lokutan waɗannan tsuntsayen marasa kan gado ne cikin yanayi kuma sun dogara da yanayi da kuma abinci. Tsuntsayen matasa suna yin ƙaura da sauri fiye da tsofaffin tsuntsaye.
A lokacin kiwo, nau'ikan launuka masu launin shuɗi yawanci suna kasancewa cikin nau'i-nau'i, wasu lokuta suna ɓatar cikin garken tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye, pikas da sarakuna. A cikin bazara da bazara, ma'aurata suna tashi zuwa cikin gandun daji tare da tsofaffin bishiyoyi, inda zaku iya samun rami mai dacewa kuma ku gina gida a ciki. Ma'aurata suna ciyar da kawunansu tare, a sake su daga gida, sannan kuma su rabu har sai da kaka mai zuwa.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, tsuntsaye sun fi so su zauna cikin gandun daji masu rikitarwa da gauraye kuma kusan ba sa fitowa a cikin conifers, saboda akwai ƙarancin abinci a gare su. A cikin kaka da damuna, tsuntsaye sukan tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri, kuma ana iya samun su duka cikin tsoffin gandun daji ko matasa, da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, musamman ma a cikin manyan dusar ƙanƙara, duwatsun shuɗi masu launin shuɗi hade da manyan makarantu na yau da kullun tare da wasu rakodin tsuntsaye, kuma tare tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri don neman abincin da ya dace. Irin wannan haɗuwa a cikin garken da aka haɗu sun halatta dangane da rayuwa a cikin tsananin sanyi da aminci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin hunturu, lokacin da ake ƙarancin abinci a cikin yanayi, ƙirar shudi tana kaiwa hari ga masu ciyar da mashaya tsuntsaye masu ban tausayi nan da can. Misali, a cikin kwana daya kawai, ba kasa da tsuntsaye 200 da zasu iya tashi zuwa mai ciyar rataye ba a gonar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Tsarin tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi
Azores na maza suna jan hankalin mata tare da nuna karfin tashi da wakoki. Suna nan da nan da sauri tashi sama, sa'an nan kuma fadi sharply saukar, yi rawa squatting, kuma swagger. Ma'auratan da suke wanzu suna waka mai tsawo da karin waƙa.
Don gida daga cikin samarin shuɗi, shuɗi ko voids a cikin tsoffin bishiyoyi waɗanda ke da ƙasa daga ƙasa an zaɓi su. Dukansu maza da mata suna shiga aikin gina gida. Idan rami ya ɓaci, azure na iya faɗaɗa shi tare da baki. A cikin ƙauyukan, tsuntsaye sun koya don karkatar da mazaunin su a fitilar fitila, a cikin filayen sana'a, a alamomin hanya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hollows yawanci zaɓi ramuka don cyanids mai ban sha'awa, girman rami wanda bazai wuce cm 3 cm ba.
Gina gida yana farawa a watan Afrilu kuma ya dogara da yanayin kuma zai iya wuce har zuwa makonni biyu. Gida yawanci suna kama da ƙaramin kwano, ƙarshen abin da aka rufe shi da ciyawa, gansakuka, mura da ulu. Ana tattara zuriyar dabbobi na nests tsuntsaye ko'ina cikin gundumar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yana faruwa cewa launin shudi-shukine don neman kayan don gina gida don tashi zuwa cikin tagogin windows na gidaje kuma ya rushe guntun fuskar bangon waya ko kuma ya zaro wata taga da tutocinsu.
Bluewararrun bakin dutse mai launin shudi yana yin kullun biyu sau ɗaya a cikin kakar guda, kuma tsuntsayen yara kan sanya ƙwai sau ɗaya. Na farko kama ya fadi a farkon Mayu, na biyu - a ƙarshen Yuni. Yawan qwai a cikin shaƙewa na iya zama daban, gwargwadon shekarun mace ya bambanta tsakanin ƙwai 5 zuwa 12. Qwai na launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi fari a cikin launin ruwan kasa mai launin fari. Mace yawanci tana tsinkaye ne a ciki, kuma namiji yakan shiga cikin ciyarwa. Wani lokaci, mace na iya barin gida na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Lokacin shiryawa yakanyi kwanaki 16.
Kayan soyayyen da aka yanyanzu ba su da taimako kuma suna yawan sha. Mace ta zauna a cikin gida, tana war da su, kuma namiji yakan ciyar da dangi gaba daya. Idan ba zato ba tsammani baƙon da ba tsammani ya matso kusa da gida, tsuntsayen azure suna kishin gidan su, suna yin saututt kamar maciji ko ƙyallen buɗa. Mako guda baya, lokacin da kajin suka sami karfi kadan, mace ma za ta fara ciyar da su. Bayan kwanaki 21, kajin suna shirye su bar gida kuma su kula da kansu.
Abokan halitta na Azores
Hoto: Menene ma'anar launin shudi mai kama?
Abokan gaba na maƙiyan Blue Tit na iya zama duka manyan tsuntsayen ganima: mujiyoyi, shaho, da ƙarami: taurari, jays. Idan tsohon ya kama tsuntsayen kansu, to ƙarshen zai rushe mazaunin su ta hanyar cin kajin ko ƙwai.
Hakanan, ƙananan wakilan dangin Marten: weasels zasu iya hawa zuwa cikin rami don Blue Tit. Manyan ofan dangi, saboda girman su, ba zasu iya hawa zuwa cikin rami ba, amma suna son farautar kajin da suka fito daga cikin gidan wanda basuyi koyon tashi sosai ba. Manyan ɓoyayyun ƙananan ƙwayoyi da squirrels suma suna lalata gida azores, amma a waɗannan maganganun ne inda ramin rami ya isa sosai.
Ana iya ɗaukar mummunan yanayi abokin gaba na tsuntsaye. Misali, idan a lokacin ciyar da zuriya (Mayu, Yuli) ana ruwa a koyaushe kuma matsakaita kullun yana da karanci sosai, to yan uwa, a matsayin babban abincin kajin, suna da wahalar samu, saboda kawai basa kyankyasar kwai, suna tsammanin zafi. Rashin abinci na rayuwa yana iya yin barazanar mutuwar gabaɗaya.
Hakanan, maganin kwari - fleas yawanci ana samun su a cikin mazaunin tsuntsu. Bayan kajin sun bar gida, babban shudi shudi yana iya kamuwa da shi. Akwai tarin yawa da yawa wadanda wannan yanayin ya zama babban cikas ga halittar masarar ta biyu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A halin yanzu, yawan nau'ikan launuka masu launin shuɗi a cikin dukkanin mazauna suna da yawa. Masanan ilimin halittar dabbobi sun bambanta rabe-raben tsuntsaye 14-16 daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye, waɗanda aka kasafta su cikin rukuni biyu. Rukunin farko ana kiransa caeruleus. Ana samun wuraren zama na waɗannan kuɗin shiga a Turai da Asiya. Secondungiya ta biyu, mara ƙarancin yawa ana kiranta teneriffae kuma ya ƙunshi tallafin kuɗi daga Canary da Arewacin Afirka.
Wasu masana game da ilimin halitta sunyi imanin cewa tsuntsayen da aka rarraba a tsibirin Canary yakamata a gano su a cikin jinsin dabam - Cyanistes teneriffae. Babban hujja shine wasu bambance-bambance a cikin hali da waƙoƙi, kazalika da gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen Eurasi ba su amsa komai ba game da kiran tsuntsayen Canary. Koyaya, C. c. ultramarinus, wanda ke zaune a arewacin na Afirka. Wannan nau'in yana da halaye na matsakaici tsakanin jama'ar Eurasi da Canary.
A gabashin kewayon, inda tare da ma'anar launin ruwan kullun, kullun launin shuɗi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, an sami lokutan maganganu tsakanin waɗannan nau'in da shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, masana ilimin kimiyya sun yi kuskuren ɗaukar nau'in matasan a matsayin wani ɗan adam mai zaman kanta. Ornithologists suna kimanta alamar shudi azaman nau'in da ke son haɓaka lambobi, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin damuwa kuma baya buƙatar kowane matakan kariya.
Blue Tit - tsuntsu mai amfani, wanda yake mataimaki ne mai kyau ga aikin gona da gandun daji, yana lalata kwari (caterpillars, aphids, da sauransu). Bugu da kari, sabanin wakilan dokar Sparrow, titmouse ba ya shiga cikin ɓarna - ba ya jujjuya berries, furannin rana, kunnun masara da kunnuwan hatsi na hatsi.
Yankin
A cikin Turai, ana samun launin shuɗi na gama gari a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe, amma ba ya nan a arewacin Scotland, a Iceland, Balkans da tsaunukan Alps, arewacin Rasha da Scandinavia. Har zuwa 1963, ta rayu a kan Outer Hebrides.
Rayuwa: Blue Tit
A cikin yankuna tsakiya da kuma kudu na kewayon sun zauna, yayin hunturu a cikin arewacin ƙaura zuwa yamma da kudu. Bugu da kari, jirgi mai sauka a tsaunuka mai yiwuwa ne. Rationsaura na lokaci-lokaci kuma ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da wadatar abinci. Bugu da kari, kananan tsuntsayen da basu kai ga balaga ba sun fi maza motsi fiye da manya.
A lokacin kiwo, koyaushe suna zama tare cikin nau'i-nau'i, mafi yawa suna haɗuwa cikin makarantu masu hadewa tare da dogayen tarihi da manyan tit, pika na gama gari da sarki mai launin shuɗi. A lokaci guda, tsuntsayen azure a tsakanin su ana rarrabe su ta fuskoki daban-daban akan rassan bakin ciki sosai.
Biyan kuɗi da haraji
Shahararren mai taken blue a 1758 wanda shahararren Carl Linnaeus yayi bayanin sa a kimiyance a littafinsa na goma na Tsarin Rayuwarsa. A waccan lokacin, an basu wannan nau'in suna Parus caeruleus, kuma tsuntsayen sun kasance daga tsuntsayen. Sunan Cyanistes ya tsara subgenus, inda aka haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu halayyar ƙwayar cuta iri ɗaya.Har yanzu, yawancin kwararru sun yi amfani da wannan rarrabuwa, ciki har da na Rasha.