Triton talakawa * Amphibians

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Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Talakawa Triton (lat. Lissotriton vulgaris, synonym Triturus vulgaris) Shin shine yawancin nau'ikan sabon sabo daga tsari na caudate amphibians.

Bayanin

Dabba ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, matsakaicin girman jiki tare da wutsiya ya kai 110 mm. Wutsiya ya fi guntu, yayi daidai ko ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki tare da kai. Shugaban yana da fadi, fuska ta zama mara nauyi. Palatine hakora a cikin hanyar layi daya, wanda a matakin tsintsin nesa na kwatankwacin tsawo ya ɗan fadada. Fuskar fata tayi laushi ko tayi kyau-grained. A kan kai akwai madaukai masu duhu mai duhu, a ciki wanda rariyar da ke ratsa idanuwa musamman ana saninta. Jikin da ke saman launin ruwan kasa, ruwan-zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske, a ƙasa mai ruwan shuɗi-launin ruwan launuka daban-daban da duhu launin ruwan duhu.

A lokacin tarawa, maza kan yi girma da babban sikirin tare da iyakar ruwan lemo da shuɗi mai bakin shuɗi. Wannan tayin yana da wadatar jini a cikin jini, wanda oxygen narkar da shi cikin ruwa yake shiga sosai. A wannan lokacin, ƙarancin sautunan suna bayyana a kan yatsun sababbin. Matar ba ta da ƙwanƙolin madaidaiciya kuma yana kwance a yatsunsu, launi na jiki ya fi sauƙi. Hakanan za'a iya tantance jima'in dabbar ta hanyar sifar cloaca: a cikin mace ta fi ta al'ada, kuma a cikin maza tana da fata da girma.

Rarraba

Kabilar ta yadu sosai a yawancin Turai (ban da duk yankin Iberian Peninsula, kudu da Apennine Peninsula, kudancin Faransa da kuma arewacin arewacin Scandinavia. A gabas, kewayon yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na Asiya zuwa dutsen Altai.

A cikin Saratov Yankin (ciki har da gundumar Rtishchevsky), sabon sabo yana da matukar yaduwa kuma baya shiga yankin bushe bushe na Pla Syrt Plain da kuma rabin hamadar Caspian Lowland.

Halaye da salon rayuwa

Ana samun nau'in galibi a cikin filin ruwa da shimfidar wurare. Kuna iya saduwa da shi a cikin birane: a tafkunan, a cikin rami, a kan hanyoyin hanyoyi na gandun dajin shakatawa.

Daga shinge na hunturu, sabon yanayi a cikin yanayin yankin Saratov yana bayyana a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma yana zuwa wuraren shakatawa mai zurfi wanda ke cikin wuraren buɗe kogunan wurare na gandun daji ko tsirrai - tsohuwar kogin kogi, ramuka, rafuffukan ruwa, manyan hanyoyin ƙasar, dabbobin ruwa, da sauransu. Haka kuma, zafin jiki ruwa a wannan lokacin bai wuce 10 ° C ba. Maza suna zuwa wuraren ajiyar kaya domin fara kiwo, da mace daysan kwanaki kaɗan bayansu. Ciyar da kwai ya gabata ta hanyar wasan canjin kwari. Rawar triton wani nau'in halittu ne na musamman da ke faruwa: kusanci ga mace da nuna gefen namiji, suttura da taba jikin mace, da dai sauransu Namijin ya sanya maniyyi a cikin wani nau'in fakiti, wanda mata suka sanya shi a cikin wani nau'in walwal na musamman na cesspool - maniyyi. An hadu da ƙwai daga fitar da oviducts da maniyyi wanda ya tashi tare da jijiyoyin mace. Tsarin kwanciya yana daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni 2-3 dangane da yanayin zazzabi. Kowace mace lays daga dubun da yawa zuwa 600 m-dimbin yawa qwai tare da girma daga 1.8-2.2 × 2.4-2. Ana haɗa ƙwai cikin guda-ɗaya ga ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa mai zurfin zurfin cm 10-55. Mace tana lanƙwasa ganye tare da ƙafarta ta yadda ƙwayayen ke nannade.

Larvae bayyana a kan kwanaki 13-20 kuma kai tsawon 6-7 mm; bayan watanni 1.5-3, sun fara metamorphosis. Jariri tsutsa yana da wutsiya mai shege tare da madaidaiciya, foreanƙan goshi (ƙananan ƙafafun hancinsu sun bayyana a ranar 20 bayan sun tsinke) da kuma hanjin hanji.

A 'yan kwanakin farko, tsutsa ba ya ciyar da komai, tun da har yanzu ba a bayyana bakinsa ba, amma, bayan nasarar rabe ta, yana farawa da farautar kananan dabbobi da dama, suna bin diddiginsu. A larvae na kowa sabont kai wani yanki na rayuwa na bentyic tsakanin lokacin farin ciki na na ruwa shuke-shuke, forming wata muhalli rukuni na phytophiles. Matasa tritons, bayan sun kammala canjin, suna barin tafki kuma sun jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta ƙasa. Yawan taro na shekara yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Agusta, tsawon jikinsu a wannan lokacin ya kai 35 mm. Suna zama da balaga cikin shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na rayuwa.

A lokacin bazara, tritons suna aiki a kusa da agogo a cikin wuraren ajiya. A cikin ƙasa, ana yin ayyukan yau da kullun na amphibians zuwa maraice, amma a ranakun ruwan sama suna aiki da rana. A lokacin bazara da damina, lokacin ƙaura zuwa tafkunan da damuna, zaka iya ganin sabbin abubuwa da rana.

Ordinaryarancin sabo sabo yana barin hunturu a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Yawancin lokaci yana faruwa a cikin burrows na rodents, a tsohuwar kututture, a ƙarƙashin tarawar ganye, manyan duwatsu, sau da yawa a cikin cellar. Awanin hunturu na iya haɗawa da daruruwan dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da sauran 'yan amphibians (frogs, toads, toads).

Iyakan dalilai da matsayi

Abokan gaba na sabbin yara sune kifi (gama gari, kifin Turai, filastar fata, da sauransu), amphibians (kwaroron tafarnuwa, tafarnuwa ta kowa), dabbobi masu rarrafe (gama gari), tsuntsaye (launin gemu, mallard, crackling, da sauransu), dabbobi masu shayarwa (dabbobi masu shayarwa) ruwa vole), kwari na ruwa masu ruwa na ciyawa (bedbug) da lardin su. Mutane da yawa sabon shiga mutu musamman a lokacin sanyi, kuma larvae mutu a lokacin da Wuraren bushe fita.

An saba sabon shiga cikin Rataye na III na Babban Taro na Berne. Tsarin ba ya buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Sabon Newt

Talakawa sababbin wakilai ne na manyan dabbobi: “Amfibians”. Wannan wani nau'in sabon salo ne daga asalin halittar kananan sababbin abubuwa, wanda ake daukar shi daya daga cikin mafi yawan yaduwa da kuma yaduwar duniya. A cikin Latin, sunan dabbar yana kama da "Lissotriton vulgaris". A karo na farko da aka hango wannan nau'in dabba da Karl Linnaeus, shahararren masanin ilimin dabi'ar Sweden. Kuma wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1758. Tritons, ciki har da na yau da kullun, sun sami suna don girmamawa ga allahntaka Triton. Wannan allahn galibi ana nuna shi yana hawa dabbar dolphin, ɗan nutsuwa cikin raƙuman ruwa.

Bidiyo: Sabon sabo

Yadda za a gane da kuma bambanta da sabon sabo daga wasu 'yan amphibians? Wannan za'a iya yin hakan bisa asassu da yawa. Sabon gama gari ƙarami ne. Tsawon sa da wuya ya fi santimita goma. A lokaci guda, a cikin santimita goma, fiye da rabi ne wutsiya ta mamaye su. Fata na irin wannan triton yana da ɗan ƙaramin hatsi ko kuma mai laushi gaba ɗaya, ana fentin cikin koren zaitun ko inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙananan duhu. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da danginsa na kusa da sababbin sabbin abubuwa ta hanyar kasancewar ratsi mai tsayi a saman launin launi, wanda ke kan bangarorin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sabon sabo, duk da irin kyawawan halayensa da ƙarancinsa, yana da haɗari ga dabbobi da yawa. Fata na wannan amphibian yana haifar da mummunar guba. Abincin ba barazana bane ga dan adam, amma ga dabbobi masu dumin jini yana iya zama mai mutuwa. Irin wannan guba kusan nan take ta kawar da dukkanin platelet a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da kama bugun zuciya.

Wani sabo sabo ne, ba karamin abu bane, ba halittacce ne kuma ba halittacce ba. Ya shahara sosai tare da aquarists, saboda haka ana samunsa sau da yawa a gida. Kiyaye irin wannan dabba a gida ba shi da wahala. Babban aikin mutum shine ƙirƙirarwa da kuma kula da yanayin da ya dace: haske, ƙasa, cikawa da girman terrarium, abinci mai gina jiki. Bayar da halayen da suka dace, mutum zai iya samun kyan gidan abincin da zai rayu aƙalla shekaru ashirin.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Sabon sabo cikin ruwa

Triton vulgaris yana da halaye na waje daban-daban:

ƙananan girma. Tsawon jikin wannan dabbar bai wuce santimita-goma ba - maza a koyaushe suna dan girma fiye da mace. Santimita goma yana la'akari da wutsiya, wanda shine aƙalla rabin jimlar tsawon,
santsi, mara galihu - fata mai launin haske. Launin fata na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, zaitun. Abun ciki koyaushe yana haske fiye da baya: rawaya ko ruwan lemo mai haske. Akwai aibobi masu duhu akan jiki, kuma akan kai akwai ratsin duhu akan ɓangarorin,
ingantattun gabobi. Triton yana da kafafu huɗu tare da tsayi guda. Kafafun gaba na gaba suna da yatsu uku ko hudu, da na baya - biyar. Wsungiyoyi suna ba da damar wannan dabba ta iyo da kyau, ba tare da wata matsala ba don motsawa tare da ƙasan tafki. A kan tudu, sabon birni talakawa na tafiya kadan kadan,
mummunan gani, amma kyakkyawan kyakkyawan wari. Manya na iya koyon abin da suka ci har da mita ɗari biyu,
hakoran hakora. Suna a cikin sama a cikin layi biyu masu layi daya. Hakora dan kadan zazzagewa kadan. Irin wannan tsari na hakora yana taimakawa dabbar ta riƙe ganima a bakin ta.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sabuwar al'ada suna da fasalin musamman - sun sami damar dawo da gabobin ciki, idanu ko maɓuɓɓansu.

Ina ne sabon sabo yake zaune?

Hoto: Sabon sabo a yanayi

Don triton na yau da kullun, gauraye, gandun daji mai ɗumi suna dacewa. Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa, masu kiwo a cikin mayuka ko jinkiri. A kan tudu da suka ɓoye cikin dazuzzuka, ana iya samunsu a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, belts na daji. Banbancin wuraren buɗewa. Triton na kowa halitta ne na kowa. Tana zaune kusan ko'ina. Bangarorin da kawai aka kebe sune yankuna yankuna: Crimea, kudancin Faransa, Portugal, Antarctica, Spain. Gidan zama na yau da kullun yana dogara da talafin sabon sabo.

Adadin kuɗi guda bakwai ne:

Aresky. Yana zaune a Girka, Makedoniya, Albania da Bulgaria,
Triton Schmidtler. Za a iya samunsa ne kawai a yammacin Turkiyya,
Ampelic. Ana kuma kiranta innabi. Yana da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, yana zaune a arewa maso yammacin Romania,
Triton Cosmoswig. Shi kuma mazaunin Turkiyya ne. Kuna iya haduwa da irin wannan dabba a gabar kudu maso yamma,
Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. Wannan ra'ayi ne mara kyau. Wannan dai shine mafi yawan gama-gari. Gasar mazaunin ta ya fara daga Ireland zuwa yammacin Siberiya. Bambance-bambance na irin wannan dabba babban murfin murfin ciki ne, na goge bakin wutsiya,
Kudancin gama gari Wurin rayuwarta Slovenia, arewacin Italiya, kudu da Faransa,
Triton Lanza. Yana zaune a kudancin Rasha, Arewacin Armenia, Azerbaijan da Georgia.

Yanzu kun san inda talaka sabo yake zaune, bari mu ga me yake ci.

Me sabon talakawa ke ci?

HOTO: Talakawa Triton a Rasha

Talakawa sababbin sababbin kananan halittu ne amma masu yawan tashin hankali. Suna da kyau masu iyo, masu motsawa suna da motsi, suna da yatsunsu, wanda zai basu damar hanzarta motsawa ƙarƙashin sashin ruwa a kasan tafki ba tare da matsala ba. Wadannan yara ana farauta kusan koyaushe cikin nasara. Zasu iya saurin ci gaba da hanzari, kuma kyakkyawan jin warin yana ba ku damar jin ƙanshi ko da daruruwan mita daga nesa. Bugu da kari, sababbin almara na da karfi a baki tare da layuka guda biyu na hakora. Tare da taimakonsa, dabbar tana da sauƙin ganima.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Zai fi wahala a rarrabe namiji tsakanin mace da wata sabuwa. A cikin lokuta na yau da kullun, wannan bambanci shine girman dabba. Maza sun fi girma sama da mace, amma kuma wannan ƙaramar hujja ce. Koyaya, yayin lokacin matse, bambance-bambancen jima'i sun fi bayyana. A wannan lokacin, tsefe yana bayyana a bayan maza.

Abincin triton na yau da kullun ya haɗa da:

crustaceans
larvae na kwari da sauran invertebrates,
kifi caviar
tadpoles
dunƙulewar ciyawar ƙasa,
irin ƙwaro larvae
harsashi mites,
millipedes.

Abinda ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa ci yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin ruwan sababbin. A cikin ƙasa suke ci kaɗan. Haka kuma, a cikin ruwa hancinsu ya kusan kashi casa'in cikin ɗari cike da ruwa, kuma akan ƙasa - kashi sittin da biyar ne kawai. A gida, abincin a cikin dabbobi ya ɗan bambanta. Irin waɗannan amphibians suna ciyar da su tare da tsutsotsi na ƙasa, cututtukan jini, shrimp aquarium.

Koyaya, kuna buƙatar kiyayewa da ciyar da sababbin sababbinn hankali sosai. Musamman, yashi ko ƙananann pebbles ba za a iya sanya su a cikin ƙasa ba. Yayin cin abinci, dabbar zata iya hadiye hatsi daga yashi sannan kuma akwai yuwuwar yiwuwar sabuwar ta mutu sakamakon toshewar hanji.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Red Book Common Triton

Sabbin sababbin mutane suna jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa da tsayi. Suna da kwaya da huhu, wanda hakan yana basu nutsuwa a cikin ƙasa da ruwa. Irin wannan kayan ƙasa yana taimaka wa waɗannan dabbobin su rayu yayin fari yayin da kandami ya bushe. Gabaɗaya, rayuwar rayuwar sabon sabo zata iya kasu kashi biyu: hunturu, bazara. A cikin hunturu, ayyukan wakilin salamander ya zama ƙarami. Sabbin hunturu a ƙasa, neman tsari a gaba.

A matsayin mafaka, talakawa sabo zai ma dace da ɗan ganye mai sauƙi. Amma mafi kyawun zaɓi shine rami wanda aka watsar. Sau da yawa sau da yawa, sabbin yara suna hibernate tare da danginsu. Cin nasara tare da rukuni yana kara yawan damar dabbobi. Mayungiyar zata iya ƙunsar fiye da manya talatin. Lokacin da yanayin zazzabi na yanayi ya sauka a kasa da sifiri, sabon kankara ya daskare, gaba daya ya daina motsi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: wan mutane sun san cewa sabon almara yana da fa'ida ga mutane. Wadannan kananan halittu suna lalata babban gidan sauro. Suna cinye su duka a matakin tsufa da kuma lokacin balaga.

A cikin bazara, har ma da yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da digiri 10 Celsius, sabon kwari ya farka bayan daskarewa ya koma ruwa. Ruwa a wannan lokacin yana da sanyi sosai, amma sababbi suna jure wannan zafin da kyau. A lokacin bazara, sababbin alkalumma suna aiki da dare. Ba sa son hasken mai haske, wanda bai dace da zafin rana ba. A lokacin rana zaka iya ganin irin wannan dabba kawai a cikin ruwan sama. Mafi sau da yawa, sabon shiga suna zaune a cikin ƙaramin garke, kowane ɗayan yana da kusan mutane uku zuwa huɗu manya.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Wutar Sabon gari

Farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar lissafin ya zo daidai lokacin da barin matsugunnin hunturu. Da zaran sabon kwari sun sake komawa ruwa a lokacin bazara, wasannin matsi mai aiki zai fara nan da nan. A cikin tafkuna, namiji da mace a hankali suna matsowa kusa, suna iyo tare. A wannan lokacin, wakilin da ke da karfi na jima'i yana ƙoƙari ya bugi wutsiyar ƙaunarta da wuya. Wani lokaci bayan irin wadannan wasannin, dabbobin sun yi aure.

Lokacin kiwo yayi tsawon lokaci. A wannan lokacin, sabuwar mace tana kulawa da sanya ƙwai da yawa. Wani lokacin adadin su yana cikin ɗaruruwan kuma zasu iya kaiwa guda ɗari bakwai. Kowace ƙwayar da aka aza tana rufe shi a hankali ta mace. Ta sanya shi a wani ganye na tsiro wanda aka nitse cikin ruwa ya lanƙwasa. Ta wannan hanyar, sai ta kula da ƙirƙirar wasu jaka. A ciki, ana kiyaye amintattun zuriya masu zuwa, saboda ganye mai ɗorewa ana riƙe shi da ƙarfi saboda ƙyalli na ƙwai.

Tsarin matattar kwayoyin halittar ya tsaya ne bayan kwana goma sha biyar. Sa'an nan, larvae tare da wutsiya bayyana daga gare su. Tsutsa kwatankwacin milimita bakwai ne.Ranar farko ta rayuwarsa, tsutsa baya cin abinci har ma yayi ƙoƙarin nuna kansa a cikin sarari. Sai kawai a rana ta biyu da bakinsa ya yanke, zai baka damar fara cin abinci. Bayan kimanin makonni uku, larvae ya bayyana kafafu, kuma bayan watanni biyu da rabi na tsutsa ya juya ya zama sabon sabo.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi, ta hanyar faɗuwa, larvae cikakke sifar bayyanar manya mutane. A arewacin mazaunin al'ada, larvae ba shi da lokacin da zai bi duk matakan ci gaba;

Abokan gaba na makiya sababbi

HOTO: Talakawa Triton a Rasha

Talakawa sabon birrai kananan kuma kusan halittu marasa kariya. Suna da kaso mafi tsoka na rayuwa kawai cikin bauta. A gida, waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya kaiwa shekaru ashirin da takwas ba tare da matsaloli ba. A cikin daji, neman saurayi na wannan zamani kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Matsakaicin rayuwar da aka ɗauka a cikin bauta a cikin sabon shekara kawai goma sha huɗu ne. Daya daga cikin dalilan irin wannan babban bambanci shine kasancewar yawan abokan halitta na halitta.

Mafi yawan abokan gaban sabon gandun daji suna jira ne a cikin ruwa. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda waɗannan 'yan amphibians suna cin lokaci mai yawa a tafkunan. Kusan dukkan jinsunan dabbobi da ke rayuwa a jikin ruwa ba sa cin abinci a kan sababbi.

Mummunan maƙiyan sun haɗa da:

na gaba na dangi. Duk da dangantakar kai tsaye, sababbi ya fi girma cin ƙananan. Misali, tsegumin tritons galibi ana gani a cikin wannan,
kwaɗi. Amphibians ƙaƙƙarfan farauta ne. A gare su, sababbi suna da sauƙin ganima,
kifi. Perch, pike, kifin gama gari da sauran wasu kifayen mutane na kai hari ga manyan 'yan koran biki ko biki a lardinsu,
macizai da maciji. Suna ɗaukar sabbin abubuwan gani na gari da haɗiye su gaba ɗaya,
tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobi da ke zaune a ƙasa. Talakawa sabon saurin suna bayyana ne a duniya. Amma idan sun fita zuwa can, sai su zama masu sauƙin ganima ga wasu dabbobi da tsuntsayen, domin a cikin ƙasa sabbin yara suna da wuyar gani. Basu damu da cin voleshin ruwa ba, herons, mallards.

Koyaya, ba duk sabon balaguron marasa tsaro bane. Yawancin tallafin suna da fata mai guba sosai. Misali, sabo mai launin rawaya da aka lullube a jikinta ya kunshi mai dafi kamar ya isa ya kashe kananan kananan hukumomi dubu ashirin da dubu biyar.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Sabon Newt

Sabuwar al'ada sabuwar haihuwa suna da babban matakin haihuwa. A sa'ilin daya wanda ya dace, mace zata iya sanya kimanin qwai dari bakwai. A mafi yawan wuraren da ake zaune a zahiri, wannan dukiyar ta ba dabbobi damar kiyayewa. Koyaya, har ma da babban canji a wasu yankuna ba zai iya ceton yanayin ba, kuma a yau a cikin ƙasashe da yawa yawan waɗanda ke karkata sabon zamani ya ragu sosai.

Mene ne dalilin raguwar adadin 'yan amphibians?

Akwai da yawa manyan wadanda:

gajeran rayuwa. A cikin zaman talauta, sabuwar rayuwar ba ta wuce shekara goma sha huɗu ba. Akwai dalilai da yawa game da wannan. Mafi mahimmanci sune rashin abinci, fari da rashin galibi ga maƙiyan halitta. Sabuwar al'ada sababbi kaɗan ne, basu da ƙoshin lafiya, rashin gani sosai kuma suna da wuyar gani a doron ƙasa. Duk wannan yana sa su zama ganima.
gurbatawar jikkunan ruwa. Rashin ruwa, datti mai yawa - duk wannan yana hana dabbobi gidajensu da abinci,
Canje-canje na yanki da canjin yanayi a wasu yankuna na yanayin rayuwa. Yawancin tafkuna suna zartar, a hankali sun ɓace. Canjin yanayi kuma yana cutar da sabbin mutane. Wadannan dabbobin ba su dace da zafi ba.

Kariyar Triton gama gari

Hoto: Red Book Common Triton

Wani sabo sabo ne karami amma mai amfani. Yana taimaka wajen sarrafa adadin sauro. Wadannan 'yan amphibians suna ci sauro, gami da waɗanda ke da haɗari sosai ga mutane - zazzabin cizon sauro. Zuwa yau, yawan waɗannan dabbobi masu amfani sun ragu, musamman a wasu yankuna. A cewar masana kimiyya, dalilai da yawa sun rinjayi hakan, amma duka gurɓatar jikin ruwan da muhalli ake kira babba.

Sakamakon raguwar adadin sabbin alkalumma na yau da kullun, an jera su a cikin Littattafan Red Azerbaijan da Russia. A Switzerland, Burtaniya, an san wannan nau'in a matsayin mafi wuya. A Switzerland, adadin sabbin ya ragu saboda yawan magudanar ruwan jikin mutane. A cewar alkaluman hukuma, kusan kashi saba'in na jikin ruwan an zubar da su ne. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an rage adadin waɗannan amphibians sau hudu. Kuma an sami raguwar irin wannan adadin yawan dabbobi a cikin kankanin lokaci, wanda ya damu masana kimiyya sosai.

Hakanan, sabon al'ada shine a yau a ƙarƙashin karɓar Taron Berne. Sabbin kwari suna da matukar ƙarfi. Don adanawa da dawo da yawan jama'arsu, ya zama dole don kare jikkunanan ruwa, da kare ciyawar da ke kusa da su da kuma inganta yanayin yanayi a yankuna na matsalar.

Sabon sabo - daya daga cikin mafi karancin wakilan iyalinsa. Wannan kyakkyawar dabba ce mai kyawu, wacce aka baiwa ta musamman da damar rayuwa a ruwa da kuma kan tudu. Tritons na wannan nau'in suna kawo fa'idodi mai yawa ga mutane, suna lalata sauro mai haɗari da tsutsa. A yau, sababbin sababbin mutane suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga mutane, saboda adadinsu yana raguwa a kowace shekara.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Yawancin lokaci zauna a cikin kananan kungiyoyi na mutane da yawa a jikin ruwa mai ruwa mai tsafta. Zasu iya rayuwa a cikin kananan tafkuna, rami. Babban abu shi ne cewa tafkunan na dindindin. Yana ƙaunar lokacin farin ciki. Aiki cikin ruwa a kusa da agogo. Ana ajiye su a cikin zurfin da bai wuce 50 cm ba. Suna ta iyo a bayan iska kowane minti na 5-7. Amma ga tritons, kasancewar oxygen a cikin ruwa kanta yana da mahimmanci. Suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba za a iya amfani da ita ba, saboda ba za su iya tsayar da zafi da hasken rana ba. Koyaya, yayin ruwan sama, sa'o'in hasken rana na iya bayyana.

Tritons yana fitar da gajeren sautuna a cikin mita 3000-4000 Hz. A cikin damina, da zaran sanyi ya zo, sai sabon ya koma ƙasa ya ɓoye a jikin ganyen. Zasu iya ja jiki zuwa cikin ɓoyayyen ɓarin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Zero zazzabi yana haifar da raguwa a cikin motsawar sababbin sababbin abubuwa, har zuwa faduwa. Dabbobin hibernate.

Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka sami babban taro na mutane a cikin gidaje da ɗakuna. Dubun da daruruwan sabbin kwale-kwalen an samo su gaba ɗaya lokacin hunturu ta wannan hanyar. A cikin bazara sun koma tafki. A wannan yanayin, zazzabi ruwan na iya zama daga digiri 4 zuwa 12.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Sabbin sababbin mutane sun sami damar jagorantar hanyoyin ruwa da rayuwa a ƙasa. Numfashi da kumburi da huhu. Idan kandami ya bushe, to a cikin dan lokaci sabon kwari sun sami damar rayuwa, suna ɓoye a cikin lokacin farin ciki mai sanyi.

A duniya more m. Amma a cikin ruwa suna nuna saurin ban mamaki da kuma motsawar motsawa.

Da yawa sabon ke zaune

Komawa ga centaruruwan mutane a duniyar dabba.. Matsakaicin shekaru don tsira a vivo shine shekaru 10-14. A cikin bauta za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 28-30. A saboda wannan, masu binciken ruwa suna kirkirar yanayi na musamman ga rayuwar wadatar waɗannan amintattun.

Misali, an gina tafkin wucin gadi ne tare da zurfin akalla aƙalla cm 10. Ruwan aquaterrarium mai nauyin 30-40 ya dace. Yawanci, sarari ya kasu zuwa ƙasa da ruwa. Ginin ƙasa an gina shi ne daga duwatsu ko kanbo. Dole ne a sanya shinge a ciki. A gefuna kandami a cikin wani akwati ba sa kaifi, in ba haka ba dabba ne sauƙin rauni. Gidan yana cike da tsire-tsire da yawa. Don haka, sabon yana jin daɗi da kwanciyar hankali. Dole ne a sami matattara a cikin ruwa.

Wurin da ya fi dacewa yana nesa da tushen hasken wuta kai tsaye. Tritons ba zai iya jure zafi ba da bude haske, fara rauni kuma mai yiwuwa ma ya mutu. Iyakar zazzabi ta sama ya kamata ta wuce digiri 25. Ingantaccen digiri na 15-17 na zafi. Tabbatar rufe murfin tare da murfi, kamar yadda sau da yawa dabba ke tserewa. Da zarar cikin ɗakin, yana da matukar wuya a gano. A cikin bauta, kiyaye maza biyu zai haifar da rikice rikice. Zai fi kyau ƙunshi mutane da yawa na maza.

Biyan kuɗi na Common Triton

Daga cikin sabbin hanyoyin talakawa sababbi:

Sabon sabo. M, ativean kasuwa ne, mafi yaduwa. Yana faruwa daga Ireland zuwa Yammacin Siberiya. Daga cikin halayyar fasalin yana da babban serrated crest a baya.
Innabi ko tarkoon ampel. Yana zaune a Romania. Daga cikin sifofin halayyar shine gajeren kwanon dorsal, kawai mm mm 2-4.
Arets Newt. Aka rarrabu a Girka, Makedoniya.
Triton Cosmoswig. Mafi yawa suna zaune a Turkiyya.
Triton Lanza. Habitat: kudu na Rasha, Georgia, Azerbaijan, arewacin Armenia. Yankunan da ya fi so sune gandun daji masu ɗamara da gauraye. Tsayin jiki 6-8 mm.
Kudancin Triton. An samo shi a arewacin Italiya, kudancin Switzerland.
Triton Schmidtler. Aka rarraba shi a yankin yammacin Turkiyya.

Habitat, mazauni

Sabuwar rayuwa ta gama gari inda ake ciyawar ciyayi. Aka rarraba kusan duniya. Suna zaune a Yammacin Turai, Kudu da Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, Yammacin Siberiya. Ana samun su a tsawan sama da tsawan mita 1,500 sama da matakin teku.

Sun fi son gwaiwa da cakuda da ɓarna, wadatattu a cikin bushes. Guji buɗe wuraren bushewa. Koyaya, idan a cikin busasshiyar wuri akwai tsayayyen jiki na ruwa, to, a cikin sabon sabbin cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Abincin abincin triton na yau da kullun

Tushen abincin a cikin tafki shine crustaceans, larvae kwari da sauran invertebrates. Ba ya ƙin caviar, har ma da tadpoles. A kan tudu, slugs, earthworms, larvae. A cikin ruwa, suna nuna babban aikin abinci. Hakanan, a cikin ƙasa, abincin da ke cikin sabon sabo zai iya zama centipedes, mites makamai.

Kiwo da zuriya

Lokacin balaga yana faruwa ne da kimanin shekara biyu. Aiki yana faruwa nan da nan bayan ɓarkewa, daga kusan Maris. A lokacin tarawar, maza suna miƙe. Suna da crest mai launin shuɗi tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Tushe yana gudana tare da tasoshin jini, wanda ke ba mutum ƙarin ƙarin oxygen. Bugu da kari, mazan suna nunawa lobes tsakanin yatsunsu.

Mace da mace za a iya bambance su da siffar cloaca. A cikin maza yana da girma kuma mai sihiri, kuma a cikin mata an nuna shi. Maza, kasance cikin ruwa, suna saurin neman mace. Don yin wannan, lokacin da suka ga mai yiwuwar mutum, sai su iyo da hayaki, taɓa fuskar. Bayan sun ƙaddara cewa wannan mace ce, sun fara rawa.

Danceaunar dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta sabuwar shekara tana da ban sha'awa da baƙon abu. Aikin yana farawa da gaskiyar cewa namiji a cikin nishadi, yana komawa baya, yana iyo ga mace. Sannan ya miƙe a kan goshinsa. Bayan 'yan seconds daga baya, ta durƙusa da wutsiyarta da ƙarfi, tana tura wata babbar rafi na ruwa kai tsaye ga mace. Bayan wannan, namiji ya doke wutsiyarsa da dukkan ƙarfinsa, yayin da yake kallon yadda ake sha'awar sha'awar. Idan mace ta fi son sawu, sai ta fita kuma ta ba da damar bi ta.

Tsarin dabbar ta hanyar canjin kanta shima baƙon abu bane. Namiji yakan sanya maniyyinsa a kan ramin, mace kuwa ta ɗauke su da siket. Ta taɓa gefan kwalliyarta da maniyyi, wanda a cikin hakan zai fada cikin spermoteka, wani nau'in aljihu a aljihun wando.

Daga nan, maniyyi yakanyi tururuwar zuwa ga ƙwayayen da suke fita daga takin. Sa'an nan kuma aiwatar da fara'a yana farawa. Yana šauki tsawon lokaci, kusan tsawon wata. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai ƙwai 700 da kowace mace a hankali take cike da ɗaukar hoto da kuma liƙa ganye.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! -An-mata masu girma-ruwa sun gwammace smallananan maza. Bi da bi, manyan maza suna iya nuna sha'awar manyan mata.

Bayan makonni 3, larvae na sababbin suna bayyana. Jikinsu mai rauni ne, mm 6 kawai, na launi mai haske tare da fitilar haske a gefuna. A baya na iya zama ko launin rawaya ko rawaya-ja. Amma launuka ba su da haske, translucent. Abu na farko da ya inganta gaba shine wutsiya. Saurin motsi tikitin tsira ne. Amma yanayin warin yana fitowa ne kawai bayan kwanaki 9-10.

Amma, bayan awanni 48, bakin ya yanke, kuma sabbin jarirai sun fara kama kansu. Mafi yawanci ciyar a kan saƙar sauro. A farko, numfashi na numfashi, a lokacin fitarwa, huhu ya bayyana. A cikin mataki na larvae, tritons sun ba da sanarwar gwanayen feathery na waje. Hagu na kafafu zai fara bayyana a ranakun 21-22.

Tsawon watanni biyu ko uku, triton yana girma da haɓaka, sannan kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya mallaki ƙasa a karon farko.. Lokacin da aka sami damar mallakar ƙasa, tsayin jikin mutum shine cm 4,5 Bayan haifuwa ta farko, waɗannan 'yan amphibians sun fara yin cikakken rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Fata na sabon sabo yana fitar da guba, mai lafiya gaba ɗaya ga ɗan adam, amma lalata ga ƙananan dabbobi.

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