Bidiyo mai kayatarwa na katako, yana ba ku dama don sha'awar ƙimar halitta ta cephalopod mollusk - ikon canza launi da sauri. Wani matattara mai siket ɗin kifi (Matasepia pfefferi) ne ya kirkiri fim din daga Clubungiyar Maritime ta Japan. Mollusk yana canza kamanninsa ta amfani da chromatophores - Kwayoyin fata masu launi.

Yawancin mazaunan ruwa suna amfani da wannan ingancin don haɗuwa tare da sararin samaniya. Launi mai haske na katon kifin katako yana nuna abu ɗaya: "Kada ku ci ni!" Mollusk ba shi da ƙari mai guba fiye da dorinar da ke da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma hakan ma yana da wuya mutane.

Flowery cuttlefish ne sau da yawa ana kiranta "tekun teku." Kwararan katako da sauran wasu 'yan saƙaƙan-katako - wani nau'in dabbobi waɗanda suma sun haɗa da squid da dorinar ruwa - na iya canza launi a cikin 300 millise seconds (guda uku na na biyu).

Yaɗa

Yankin yanayi, daga Mangera zuwa gabar kudu na New Guinea, ana samunsa kusa da Sulawesi, da Moluccas, har ma a tsibiran Malesiya na Mabul da Sipanada.

A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1874, an tattara wata mace a cikin Tekun Arafura mai zurfin mita 51 ta hanyar balaguron Challenger, yanzu an adana ta a Gidan Tarihi na London.

Alamun waje na kwarara yan kwalliya.

Flowery cuttlefish wani ƙaramin ƙwayar moflopod celllop ne, tsawonsa daga 6 zuwa 8 santimita. Mace ta fi namiji girma. Dukkan wakilan Metasepia suna da zukata uku (zukatan gill biyu da kuma babban jijiyar jini), tsarin mai juyayi a cikin hanyar zobe, farin jini mai dauke da ƙwayoyin jan karfe.

Flowery cuttlefish suna dauke da manyan kantuna 8, wanda akan sami layuka biyu na kofuna waɗanda zasu tsotsa. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu kayan tantuna guda biyu, wadanda sukayi kama da juna a cikin "batons".

Fuskokin maɓallan da suke ɗauke da shi sun yi laushi tare da tsawon tsawon, kuma a ƙarshen ƙarshen suna da manyan kofuna waɗanda ke tsotsa. Fentery cuttlefish an fentin su cikin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Amma dangane da halin da ake ciki, jikinsu yana samun inuwar launuka masu launin fari da rawaya, kuma tantunan sun zama ruwan hoda-pink.

Fata na cephalopods ya ƙunshi yawancin ƙwayoyin chromatophores tare da ƙwayoyin launi, wanda ake amfani da shi mai yalwataccen kifin mai sauƙi yana dogara da yanayin asalin. Mata da maza suna da launuka iri-iri, ban da lokacin matsu.

Jikin cuttlefish an rufe shi da babban faffada, m faffii, wanda aka lakafta a gefen dorsoventral. A gefen murfin akwai wasu nau'i-nau'i guda biyu na manyan katako, lamuran papillae, wanda yake rufe idanun. Shugaban yana da fadi kunkuntar fiye da murfin duka.

Bude bakin yana da tsari goma. A cikin maza, dayan biyu daga cikin tantunan suna canzawa zuwa hectocotylus, wanda ya zama dole don adanawa da watsa maniyyin mace ga mace.

Canza launi a cikin ruwan yankan katako.

Flowery cuttlefish kiyaye yafi a kan silty substrate. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke cike da ruwa na tsaftataccen tsarin kwayoyin halitta sune wadatattun kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke ciyar da katako mai fure. A cikin wannan mazaunin, tukunyar cephalopods tana nuna kyamara mai ban mamaki, wanda ke ba su damar kusan haɗuwa tare da launi na ƙananan abubuwan kwalliya.

Idan akwai wata barazanar rayuwa, ruwan yankan rawaya ya canza launuka zuwa launin shuɗi, rawaya, sautikan ja.

Canjin launin nan take ya dogara da ayyukan gabobin musamman da ake kira chromatophores. Sakamakon chromatophores an tsara shi ta tsarin mai juyayi, saboda haka launin duk jikin yana canzawa da sauri saboda ƙanƙantar tsokoki da ke aiki a cikin kide-kide. Hanyoyin launuka masu launin suna motsawa ko'ina cikin jiki, ƙirƙirar hotunan hoto mai motsawa.

Suna da mahimmanci don farauta, sadarwa, kariya kuma amintaccen camouflage ne. Abubuwan rawaya a jikin rafi tare da fararen sassan yakan haifar da bugun jini a gefen layin katako; irin waɗannan sifofi masu launuka sun ba wa jinsin suna "floweryfish". Ana amfani da waɗannan launuka masu launuka don faɗakar da wasu halittun masu guba na abubuwan nan.

Lokacin da za a kawo hari, kifin mashin da ba shi da launi ba ya canza launi na dogon lokaci kuma yana girgiza alfarwansu, suna faɗakar abokan gaba. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, suna gudu ne kawai, suna sakin inuwa mai tawada don ɓoye maƙiyin.

Yaduwa da floweryfish.

Flowery cuttlefish dioecious. Mace yawanci suna aure tare da namiji fiye da ɗaya. Maza a lokacin kiwo suna samun launuka masu launuka don jan hankalin mace.

Wasu mazan na iya canza launin su yi kama da mace, don kauce wa mazan da ke da saurin rikicewa, amma kuma suna kusanci ga mace don ma'aurata.

Kwari mai yankan ciyawa yana da hadi na ciki. Maza suna da gamuwar, ƙwararriyar hectocotyl, wacce ake amfani da ita don adanawa da canja wurin maniyyin maniyyin (maniyyi) zuwa yankin buccal na mace yayin balaga. Matar tana ɗaukar maniyyin tare da tantin ta kuma sanya shi akan ƙwayayensu.

Bayan hadi, mace ta sanya kwai daya a lokaci guda a cikin fasa da murhu a bakin ruwa don ɓoyewa da kuma ba da kariya daga maharban. Qwai fari ne, ba zagaye bane da siffa; cigaban su ya dogara da yanayin ruwan.

Yaro mai cin naman katako ba shi da damuwa game da zuriya, mace, kwanciya qwai a wuraren da ba kowa, sun mutu bayan yawu. Tsawon rayuwar katsewar kifi a cikin yanayi yana daga watanni 18 zuwa 24. Irin wannan nau'in katon kifin ba shi da wuya a cikin garkuwa, sabili da haka, ba a ba da bayanin fasalin halayyar bayi.

Halin da magudanan ruwa mai kauri.

Kifayen masassara masu saurin shiga ruwa ba sawu idan aka kwatanta su da sauran 'yan' ƙwayoyin fari, kamar squid. Ana amfani da “kashi” na ciki don sarrafa buoyancy ta hanyar sarrafa matsa lamba na gas da ruwa, wanda ya shiga cikin ɗakuna na musamman na katako. Tunda '' kashi '' kadan ne dangane da tufar alkama, kifin katako gaba ɗaya ba zai iya iyo daɗewa kuma yana 'tafiya' ƙasa.

Flowery cuttlefish sun ci gaba sosai idanu. Zasu iya gano hasken wutar lantarki, amma hangen nesa bashi da launi. A lokacin day, kifin kifin daskararren masarauta ke farauta don abin farauta.

Cuttlefish yana da ingantaccen kwakwalwa, har ma da gabobin hangen nesa, taɓawa da jin motsin sauti. Kifin katako yana canza launi don amsawa ga mahalli, ko dai don yaudara da ganima ko don guje wa masu farauta. Wasu nau'ikan katako suna iya wucewa ta hanyar lalata da abubuwan gani.

Abincin abinci mai gudana na cuttlefish.

Flowery cuttlefish sune asalin dabbobi. Suna ciyar da yafi akan crustaceans da kifayen kifi. Yayin kama ganima, kogin mashin daskararre ya jefa shinge a gaba sa'annan ya kamo wanda aka cutar, sannan ya kawo shi a “hannayen”.

Yin amfani da baki mai siffa baki da harshe - radula, mai kama da goge waya, katon kifi yana cin abinci a kananan rabo. Piecesarancin abinci abinci ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ciyarwa, saboda ciwan naman katako ba zai iya rasa ganima mai yawa ba.

Daraja ga mutum.

Flowerytlefishfish shine ɗayan manyan dabbobi masu sanannen ciyayi guda uku. Tlean itacen mashin katako yana da lahani irin na mutuƙar kwaro-hucin mai guba. Abun yana da matukar hadari ga mutane.

Abun da guba ya buƙaci cikakken bincike. Wataƙila zai sami aikace-aikacensa a magani.

Matsayin kiyayewa na katako mai fure.

Flowery cuttlefish ba su da matsayi na musamman. Arancin bayani game da rayuwar waɗannan ceflopods a cikin daji. Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti wani sashi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Flowery cuttlefish (kuma ana kiranta da fentin, mai haske ko gobara mai cin duri) ɗayan dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki waɗanda na sadu da su a cikin yanayin halitta da kuma a cikin ruwa. Wadannan kifin katako suna da kyau, masu gwaninta masu fasaha waɗanda ke jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki kuma suna mutuƙar ƙuruciya. Ina fatan cewa wata rana za a buge su zuwa bauta, ta yadda duk masu son cefalopods suna da damar da za su sami irin wannan dabbar. Kifin katako shine masu aiwatar da teku. Suna motsawa cikin ruwa kamar masu rawa na teku. Abubuwan da suka gano suna daure shinge da sauri suna shimfiɗa gaba tare da sauri da daidaito waɗanda masu fasaha zasu yi hassada. Launi da yanayin waɗannan dabbobi suna iya kama da dutse mai santsi, kuma bayan minti ɗaya sai suka canza kamanninsu, suna nuna adon abubuwa uku, kuma mafi kama da biri daga almara na Girka. Kuma dukda cewa duk kifin naman alade yana da waɗannan halaye, akwai jinsi ɗaya wanda aka inganta waɗannan kaddarorin har zuwa ɗayan kifin dabbar da yake bushewa idan aka kwatanta shi da shi - wannan nau'in an kira shi da "Flowery Cuttlefish". Metasepia daɗaɗɗe tare da Myrim na shrimp a bango don kwatankwacin girman.

Flowery cutfish, Metasepia pfefferi, - karamin dabba mai ban al'ajabi wanda aka samo shi a cikin mafi yawan wuraren laka. Irin wannan sararin samaniyar tarkacen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da laka sun zama kamar an bar su a farkon kallo, amma a zahiri suna zaune ne da yawan dabbobi masu ban mamaki, musamman, shaidanun teku, allura na teku da kuma tsirara daban daban. Daidaita dacewa cikin irin wannan baƙon kamfani, mai yalwar katsewar kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, masters ne na kamara, sun sami nasarar daidaitawa tare da canza launin launin toka. Koyaya, a cikin tsoro, launuka masu mutunci a baya sun canza zuwa shuɗi mai haske, ja, rawaya, da fari. Wadannan launuka suna lullube cikin jikin dabba. Flamboyant cuttlefish suna da ƙarfin hali sosai, har ma a cikin fargaba, za su kiyaye yankinsu duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayon launi zai iya ci gaba har zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Irin waɗannan abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar ruwa "da laka", kuma katako mai zurfi ya zama abubuwa na tilas ga masu ɗaukar hoto a ƙarƙashin ruwa da masu wasan bidiyo, bugu da ƙari, sun zama kyawawa, amma da wuya dabbobi su sami damar samun ruwa.

Sabuwar ƙwayar cuta ta Metasepia a cikin yashi tana nuna canza launin saurayi.

“Flamboyant” a cikin sunan kasuwanci asalin sifa ce bayyananne, amma “kataccen kifin” ba takamaiman magana bane ('mai bakin' da '' kifi '). Ba a fayyace asalin kalmar 'kataccen kifi' ko 'katako ba' ('yan itace katako') ba. A cewar masanin bincike na cephalopod John W. Forsyth, “Sunan Cuttlefish (katon kifi) ya samo asali ne azaman bambance-bambancen sunan Holland ko Yaren mutanen Norway na waɗannan dodannin. An samo kalmar daga 'codele-fische' ko 'kodle-fische'. A cikin Jamusanci, ana kiran cuttlefish da squid tintenfische, wanda ke nufin "kifin tawada." Na ji cewa kalmar 'fische' a zahiri ana amfani da ita ne don nufin duk wata halitta da take zaune a cikin tekun ko kuma tarko ya kama su, ba wai kifi kawai ba. A kowane hali, wannan shine yadda na fahimci asalin sunan. ”

Metasepia Adult.

Kwanan nan, akwai yiwuwar, aƙalla a cikin wuraren binciken jama'a, don sanya sunayen dabbobin mutane su zama "daidai" don hana rikice rikice. Misali, babu jellyfish (Jellyfish) ko (Starfish) ba kifi bane, saboda haka ana kiransu Jellies da Sea Stars (starfish), bi da bi. Wataƙila lokaci ya yi da za a kira mai yankan katako, saboda su ma ba kifi ba ne.

Masanin binciken Cephalopods Dr. James Wood ya bayyana a sarari a takaice: “Octopuses, squids, cuttlefish da nautilus (jirgin ruwa) suna cikin aji na Cephalopoda, wanda ke nufin 'kai-da-ƙafa'. Tsarin Cephalopoda mallakar nau'in Mollusca (Mollusks) ne, wanda ya hada da billve mollusks (scallops, oysters da sauran bivalve mollusks), motsi na gastropod (snails, slugs, nudibranch mollusks), spade-legged mollusks (scapodiformes, polyphoridae, chitons) ”, duk da haka, sabanin danginsu, dabbobin ruwa suna motsawa da sauri, suna farauta sosai kuma suna da alama dabbobi masu hankali. "

A zahiri, asalin halittar Metasepia yana wakilta ta jinsin biyu: Metasepia pfefferiwani yanki mai rarrafe mai cin duri, wanda kuma ake kira Pfeffer's cuttlefish, wanda aka samo daga gabar Indonesiya zuwa Arewacin Australia da Papua New Guinea, da Metasepia tullbergi, wani kifi mai cin daskararre, wanda aka samo daga Hong Kong zuwa kudancin Japan. Dukkan jinsunan suna da ƙananan, tare da ƙaramin alkama mai tsawon santimita 6-8, yayin da mata suka fi maza girma. A zahiri, yana da matukar wahala a rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu, saboda haka, yawanci akan samo asali ne daga bambance-bambance marasa ƙima a cikin “kumfa mai ƙoshin teku” (dabbobi). Wakilan Metasepia, har ma da dukkanin cephalopods, suna da zukata uku (zukatan biyu masu ƙyalli ko manyan abubuwa da babban zuciya, wanda ke jan jini zuwa sauran gabobin jiki), ƙwaƙwalwar da ke kama da launin shuɗi, jini mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Suna da “makamai” 8 tare da layuka biyu na kofuna masu tsotsa tare da kowane ɗayan kuma suna riƙe alfarwar da suke kama da “batons” a ƙarshen. Hannun tantuna suna da laushi tsawon tsawon; kawai a farfajiyar "baton" sune kofuna masu tsotsa, wasu kuma manya-manyan. An rufe farfajiyar a gaba, a kama ganima kuma a kawo wa “hannayen”. Lokacin da aka kama wanda aka azabtar da shi ta hanyar “hannaye”, dabbar za ta jagoranci bakin sa mai siffar baki da harshen-radula, mai kama da goge waya, don rage girman wanda aka azabtar da wanda ya dace. Rage girman kayan ganima muhimmiyar ma'ana, saboda cinikin naman alade na ratsa tsakiyar kwakwalwar dabbobi na shekara - ganima mai yawa na iya lalata kwakwalwar dabba. Canji mai kauri cikin launi na kwarangwal mai ratsa jiki ana yin shi ta gabobin fata na musamman, chromatophores. Chromatophores an tsara shi ta hanyar juyayi, kuma su ne ke ba da izinin katako don canza launin jikinsu nan take ta hanyar aiki tare da tsoka don canza launi. Tsarin kan fata shima ba tsayayye bane, suna iya motsawa kamar hoto mai motsi, an yi imanin cewa suna taimakawa wajen sadarwa, farauta kuma ana amfani dasu don kaman kai. Misali shine saman shimfiɗar shimfiɗa a baya, inda ratsin launin shuɗi sau da yawa yake gudana tare da fararen wurare a cikin launi na Metasepia.

Kari akan haka, don gujewa mafarauta ko ɓoyewa, bin diddigin waɗanda abin ya shafa, katon ɗanyen fure ya sami damar canza sifar fatar ta hanyar sarrafa tubercles (papillae) wanda yake tare da jikin, godiya ga wanda zasu iya canza muryoyin jikin. Manyan ercan kumburin da ke cikin babban juzu'in da ke yankar katako sun kasance ba su canzawa. Flowery cuttlefish amfani da yanayi-uku motsi motsi. Suna da fin da ke kewaye da alkyabbar kuma ta ba dabba damar motsawa, bugu da ,ari, za su iya amfani da “motsi mai motsi” saboda hanyar ruwa ta hanyar kwalayen da ke ciki, wanda ke ba su motsin sauri cikin sauri. Mafi ban mamaki shine, matattarar mashin itace sau da kafa tare da abin da ke tare da taimakon '' hannayen '' guda biyu da kuma lobes biyu a kasan guntun kamar "kafafu". Kamar yadda masanena ya nuna, Cuttlefish Metasepia sun fi son wannan hanyar motsawa zuwa iyo, kuma barin sirin layi kawai idan suna da matukar tsoro ko kuma sun damu game da gungun mabiyan da ke yawan ƙoƙarin ɗaukar hoto. Mafi kyawun sanannun halayen yankan cinya shine “kumfa mai ƙoshin teku” (ko ƙasushin laushi), wanda magadan gidan dabbobi ke amfani dashi azaman ƙaramin sinadarin alli don adon kaji. Kwararan katako suna amfani da wannan chaa internala na cikin gida mai dumbin yawa "harsashi" don canza buoyancy, da sauri cike cajin da gas, ko 'yantar da su daga ciki. Abin mamaki, duk da cewa "kumburin teku" mafi yawan yankan cinya itace daidai yake da suturar dabba, sihirin dutsen da lu'u-lu'u take da katon kifin shine mafi karancin, siriri, kuma yayi sama da 2/3 zuwa the tsawon tsawon katuwar. Sizearamar girman “kumburin teku” na iya kawo wahalar yin iyo kuma, wataƙila, shine dalilin da yasa rafukan ruwan itace suka fi son "tafiya" tare da gindin.

Kamar sauran ciyawa, a cikin fargaba, matattarar yankan ruwan kifaye suna iya bayar da adadin tawada. An yi imanin cewa tawada tana aiki kamar allon hayaki don ba da damar cutse kifayen ɓoye daga masu bin su, amma a mafi yawan lokuta na lura, yanayin da Metasepia ta fitar da tawada sun fi kama da “pseudomorphs” ko tawada mai ninka da dabbar tana fatan taimakawa don gujewa maharbi, yana ba shi manufofi da yawa.

Nazarin, wanda aka ambata a cikin jerin talabijin na NOVA - Sarakuna na Camouflage kuma Mark Norman yayi nazarin cephalopods, yana ƙoƙarin bayyana baƙon launuka, ƙarfin hali da "tafiya" na kwararar mashin katako. A cewar Norman: “Sai ya zama cewa matattarar mashin gashen ruwa suna da guba. Hakanan masu guba ne, kamar daskararren octopus mai launin shuɗi (ko dorinar ruwa tare da zoben shuɗi). Dankin bakin ruwa mai launin shuɗi ya kashe mutane, saboda haka muna ma'amala da farkon katako mai kisa. Halin yana da ban sha'awa a fannoni da yawa. Da fari dai, muna magana ne game da ainihin jiki mai guba, i.e. tsokoki da kansu masu guba. Wannan shine farkon lokacin da wakilan wannan rukunin dabbobi ke magana game da naman mutane. Abu na biyu, ba a san mai guba da kanta ba. Wannan wasu nau'ikan gubobi ne gaba daya. Irin waɗannan gubobi sune maɓalli ga duka jerin sababbin binciken game da maganin ɗan adam ... Wannan sakamako ne mai ban mamaki, saboda yana bayanin ayyukan da ke gudana a cikin yanayin halitta. Kuma irin wannan guba, mai guba, watakila yayi bayanin bakon halin dabba. Kuma gaskiyar cewa gungun dabbobin da ke yawan yin iyo ko kuma suna cin lokaci mai kyau don kokarin ɓatar da kansu, zama sananne, dakatar da iyo da fara "tafiya" - wannan babban cigaba ne game da buɗe sabuwar hanyar juyin halittar waɗannan dabbobi. Mai yiyuwa ne cizon da tawada na goro mai goro shima suna da gubobi, don haka dole ne ku kula da waɗannan dabbobin, a hankali yin la’akari da matakan da aka sa a gaba.

Metasepia suna fara rayuwarsu a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwai waɗanda aka dage farawa a cikin murɗa, a ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin ko wasu lokuta a ɓoye a cikin kwasfa mai kwakwa. An dage kwanciya qwai daban, diamitarsu kusan mm 8 ne. Ba kamar wasu nau'in tsiran katako ba, mata basa sakin tawada a cikin qwai, don haka qwai ya bayyana fari ko translucent.

Saboda haka, ba wuya a ga ci gaban katako a cikin kwan. Girman katako, lokacin da suka fara kyankyasa daga ƙwai, kusan mil 6 ne a tsayi, daga waje suna kama da ƙananan kwafin manyan dabbobi. Ko da a wannan zamani, su ne masu farauto, suna shirye don shiga wannan duniyar da fara canza launi, abincinsu ya ƙunshi ƙananan crustaceans, gastropods kuma wani lokacin har ma kifi.

Kwafin kwana 2 na Metasepia. Kula da tsabar kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tanki tare da dabba.

Kamar kowane irin itacen oaklopods, ƙwayoyin katako na Metasepia suna girma da sauri kuma suna iya isa zuwa girma girma game da watanni 4-6 bayan ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai. Mace ta Metasepia ta manya sun fi maza girma, tsawon sutturar jikinta ya kai santimita 8, yayin da girman suturar maza bai wuce santimita 4-6 ba, duk da cewa akwai sabani a cikin bayanin girman wadannan dabbobin. Kamar mafi yawan kifin naman sa, Metasepia mate “kai da kai”. Namiji ya sanya wani bangare na maniyyi, wanda ake kira maniyyi, ta hanyar mazaunin '' hannu 'tare da tsagi da ake kira hectocotyl, a cikin rami na musamman a cikin suturar mace. Mating yakan faru da sauri, namiji yana zuwa da sauri, yana fitar da maniyyi kuma shima zai fita da sauri, watakila saboda banbancin banbanci ne ga yawan abokan. Metasepia cuttlefish yana da tsawon rayuwa kusan shekara guda, a ƙarshen rayuwarsa suna kama da rashin kulawa, saboda dabbobin suna shiga yanayin tsufa na nazarin halittu. Ofa'idar motsi ta zama mafi muni, lalacewar fata na iya bayyana, sakamakon ra'ayi cewa mophaus ɗin mollusk ya daina damuwa da komai, gami da abinci, ko da polychaetes ko kayan kwalliyar hermit suna cin alfarwar ta.

Manufar adana ƙarin ƙwayoyin cephalopods Wunderpus photogenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus da iri biyu Metasepia spp, ya buɗe babban tattaunawa, don mafi yawan ɓangaren saboda gaskiyar cewa girman da yanayin yawan jama'a a cikin yanayin ƙasa ba a sani ba. Koda bayyanar bayani, hotuna ko bidiyo na wadannan dabbobin da aka garkuwa dasu ana iya rikitasu. Wasu suna damuwa cewa cikakkun bayanai da hotuna masu kayatarwa na iya sa mutane kwararru masu aikin ruwa ruwa su ke nema su sayi dabba, tare da tsokanar shaye-shaye, wanda hakan zai iya shafar ikon jama'a na iya murmurewa a yanayin da ya ke. Da kaina, na yi imani cewa sha'awar wannan nau'in zai iya taimakawa sosai ga kiyayewa a cikin yanayin halitta, ba cutarwa ba. Wararrun masu samar da iskar ƙwaƙwalwar mayu kuma suna iya bayar da tasu gudummawa sosai don faɗaɗa ilimin waɗannan dabbobi. Ina fatan cewa musayar musayar bayanai zata ba masu sa masu ruwa da tsaki damar su yanke shawara mai zurfi game da shawara game da cancantar kiyaye wadannan dabbobin. Ba shi yiwuwa a yanke shawara nan da nan game da kula da Metasepia, har ma da ƙwararrun masu mallakar kifayen tare da aquariums masu tasowa dole ne su yanke shawara game da kafa wannan nau'in. Tsayawa waɗannan dabbobin na buƙatar ɗimbin albarkatu waɗanda ke da takamaiman bayanai kuma ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta, don haka idan har yanzu kuna yanke shawarar ɗaukar wannan matakin, ɗauki lokaci kuma tattara duk matakan da matakan da aka ɗauka don wasu za su iya koya daga misalinku, yin la’akari da kuskure da nasarorin.

Babban matsala a cikin riƙe kowane cephalopod shine siye. Sanannen abu ne cewa 'ya'yan itacen dabbobin suna jure yanayin sufuri da talauci, galibi ana isarwa da gawawwakinsu a cikin jaka ta ruwa mai launin tawada. Wannan na iya zama saboda rashin iyawar dabbobin da zasu iya jure damuwar da ke tattare da sufuri, ko saboda gaskiyar cewa har yanzu ba a fahimci menene yanayin zama dole don nasarar jigilar waɗannan dabbobi ba. A kowane hali, masu shigo da kaya sun yi taka tsantsan wajen yin odar wadannan dabbobin saboda karancin rayuwa. A cikin kasuwancin akwatin kifaye, babu bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan Metasepia, kuma idan kun kasance kuna da sa'a don samun kwafi ɗaya kuma kuna shirye ku biya daga dala 300 zuwa 800 don dabba, ba za ku iya tabbatar da jinsin da kuka samo ba. Na yi imanin cewa yawancin dabbobin da ke kan siyar sune ainihin wakilan Metasepia tullbergi daga Japan, inda aka haife su a cikin ruwa. Metasepia pfefferi, kamar yadda na sani, ba a yin wucin gadi a ko'ina. Abin da ya fi muni cikin sharuddan siyan waɗannan dabbobin don rarar ruwa shine gaskiyar cewa yawancin dabbobi da aka shigo da su maza ne da suka manyanta, wanda ke nufin cewa za su rayu 'yan makonni kaɗan ko watanni ba tare da iya haifan ko ƙwai ƙwai ba. A cikin shekaru 7 da suka gabata, na sami damar samun kwafin rayuwa guda 3 na Metasepia, da zarar ma na yi zirga-zirga daga San Francisco zuwa Los Angeles da dawowa cikin rana tare da burin guda ɗaya - don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa da sauri kuma in taimaka dabba ta tsira. Dukkanin samfurori ukun sun kasance maza manya kuma sun rayu daga watanni 2 zuwa 4.

Don kiyaye kifin katako, Metasepia tana buƙatar akwatin kifin da ya dace tare da ruwa mai daidaitaccen yanayin da ya dace da yanayin wurin ruwa. Yanayin ruwan ya kamata ya zama kusa da 25.5c, salinity 33.

5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.

4, yayin da matakin ammoniya, nitrite da nitrate yakamata su kasance kusa da 0. An yi imanin cewa kasancewar ammoniya shine ke haifar da matsaloli ga cephalopods, don haka gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun da kuma “disalin ammoniya” zasu taimaka wajen ƙayyade yawan canje-canje na ruwa.

Richard Ross: Metasepia kuma matar marubucin a Lembach, Sulivesi.

Kyakkyawan skimmer ya zama dole don tabbatar da fitar da oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki, da kuma wani "inshora" idan akwai "labulen tawada". Yana da kyau a koyaushe a samu gawayi da ruwan gishiri a gauraya a hannu - kuma koda an tawada bayyana a cikin tsarin. Isasshen adadin rayayyun duwatsun da / ko macroalgae kyakkyawar “ƙarin kari” ne don tacewa da mafaka. Ko da dabba ɗaya, ana bada shawara don samar da yanki na akalla inches 12 × 12 inci (daidaitaccen ruwa-galan na dabbobi don kiwo dabbobi) saboda katako ya iya tafiya. Na fi son yin amfani da kayan maye gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta kamar yumɓun ma'adinin ƙasa daga Caribbean a hade tare da facin 4 x 6 inch daga kowane samfuran laka, amma tunda Metasepia cuttlefish ba shi da al'ada ta tono a cikin abin, yashi mai kyau ma ya dace. Hasken walƙiya na al'ada zai isa sosai ga Metasepia, kodayake yana iya buƙatar wani abu mai ƙarfi idan macroalgae ko mai sauƙi, murjani mara ƙarfi (Discosoma, Nepthea, Xenia, da dai sauransu) suna zaune tare da cephalopods a cikin tsarin. Haske mai zurfi cikakke ne saboda waɗannan dabbobin suna cikin damuwa. Duk lokacin da zai yiwu, Nayi kokarin danganta filayen ruwa na tare da cephalopods tare da tsarin manyan reef. A wannan yanayin, Ina samun ƙarin ruwa, ƙarin tsayayyen aikin ruwa, yayin da ake buƙatar ƙarancin kayan aiki. Tun da Metasepia ba sa tserewa daga cikin akwatin kifayen ba, kamar yadda danginsu ke da ruwa, ba a buƙatar murfin madaidaiciya kuma ba wuya a haɗa kan akwatin kifayen da tsarin da ke akwai. Mafi kyawun zaɓi: akwatin kifaye wanda aka gina zuwa cikin tsarin da ya fi girma wanda za a iya katsewa ko haɗuwa idan kuna da Metasepia mai ƙyalƙyallen katako. Na fi son kada a ajiye kifayen ko wasu dabbobin da ke tare da Metasepia: ko dai macijin masassarar maciji zai cinye kifin, ko kuma kifin zai fara bin wannan matattarar mashin katako. A zahiri, waɗannan dabbobin suna da wuya a samo su akan siyarwa cewa ni mai tallafawa ne ga duk hanyoyin da za su iya samar musu da ingantacciyar damar rayuwa… wanda kuma yana nufin guje wa maƙwabta masu ban haushi a cikin akwatin kifaye. Dabbobi - masu tsabtace akwatin kifaye, kamar katantanwa, adadin matsakaitan kayan tsutsa da tsutsotsi na polychaete (polychaetes) ba tare da cutterfish Metasepia ba za su ci, yayin da za su taimaka tsaftace akwatin kifin na sauran abincin. Idan aka kawo daskararren masassarar abincin a cikin yanayi mai kyau, zai iya fara cin abinci nan da nan, kwafin uku da na sami nasarar fara ciyar da 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan farawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Da alama Metasepia matattarar mashin yana buƙatar abinci sosai fiye da sauran katako, Ina ba da shawarar ciyar da su aƙalla sau uku a rana. Idan dabba bata sami isasshen abinci, sai ta fara iyo saman ruwa kuma baya iya nutsar da ruwa gaba daya, da alama rashin abinci na iya danganta shi da rashin karfin tuwo. Na ji kararrakin da ke bayan katsewar kifayen Metasepia, waɗanda suke samun isasshen abinci, sun bushe saboda dabbar ta ci gaba da kasancewa a saman ruwa kuma ta kasa nutsuwa. Kusan duk wani abincin shrimp na rayuwa za'a ci shi da abinci. Na yi nasara sosai cikin amfani da ragin teku na Palaemontes Vulgaris na ruwan sanyi da ƙyan ƙyallen gida don ƙungiyar daga San Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Fara daga mai rai sannan kuyi gwaji tare da wanda aka daskarar, saboda ɗayan manyan ayyukan masu mallakar sabon karnukan katako mai shigo da ita shine samun dabbar da za su ci. Metasepia cuttlefish yana nuna ƙarancin sha'awar raye-raye na rayuwa fiye da sauran giram ɗin ceflopods, kuma an watsi da ƙyalli mai ƙoshin daskararre.

Bayan shekaru 8 na ƙoƙarin da ba a yi nasara ba, don garken fursunoni na sami damar samun ƙungiyar samfuran Metasepia a cikin Steinhart Aquarium a Kwalejin Kimiyya na California Kuma duk da cewa a cikin makon farko 80% na samfuran sun mutu kuma 90% a farkon watan, har yanzu muna gudanarwa dabbar ta hanyar canjin daya namiji daya da mata, wanda daga baya ya dage qwai. Wasu daga cikin ƙwai da aka kwantar da su, kuma a lokacin rubuta, kwafin Metasepia 2 ya riga ya ɓace, ƙarin qwai da yawa suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Wannan wani mataki ne na gaba, abin takaici, har yanzu ya yi kankanta, kan hanyar kiyaye da kiwon waddan nan dabbobin. Nayi bakin kokarina don ganin yaran sun rayu. Wannan kwarewar tana gaya min cewa duk da albarkatu kamar su manyan wuraren binciken jama'a, yana da matukar wahala a kiyaye tsofaffi na Metasepia na tsawon lokaci. Koyaya, wannan ƙaramar nasarar tana nufin cewa akwai bege ga binciken, fahimta da kuma kiwon waddan nan giwayen phawararru masu zaman kansu.

Flowery cutfishfish yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan dabbobi ban mamaki da na sadu da a cikin yanayin gida da kuma a cikin ruwa. Suna da kyau, masu iyawar kirki wadanda ke jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki kuma suna mutuwa a wani matashi. Ina fatan cewa wata rana za a buge su zuwa bauta, ta yadda duk masu son cefalopods suna da damar da za su sami irin wannan dabbar. Idan kana son samun tukunyar ceflopod, akwai wasu halittu da yawa ana samunsu akan siyarwa, halayen da aka sansu sunansu kuma sun fi dacewa kamar na farko cephalopods fiye da Metasepia. Kafin sayan kowane tsararru, da fatan za a sake duba bayanan da aka bayar a www.TONMO.com.

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Flowery cuttlefish (kuma ana kiranta da fentin, mai haske ko gobara mai cin duri) ɗayan dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki waɗanda na sadu da su a cikin yanayin halitta da kuma a cikin ruwa. Wadannan kifin katako suna da kyau, masu gwaninta masu fasaha waɗanda ke jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki kuma suna mutuƙar ƙuruciya. Ina fatan cewa wata rana za a buge su zuwa bauta, ta yadda duk masu son cefalopods suna da damar da za su sami irin wannan dabbar. Kifin katako shine masu aiwatar da teku. Suna motsawa cikin ruwa kamar masu rawa na teku. Abubuwan da suka gano suna daure shinge da sauri suna shimfiɗa gaba tare da sauri da daidaito waɗanda masu fasaha zasu yi hassada. Launi da yanayin waɗannan dabbobi suna iya kama da dutse mai santsi, kuma bayan minti ɗaya sai suka canza kamanninsu, suna nuna adon abubuwa uku, kuma mafi kama da biri daga almara na Girka. Kuma dukda cewa duk kifin naman alade yana da waɗannan halaye, akwai jinsi ɗaya wanda aka inganta waɗannan kaddarorin har zuwa ɗayan kifin dabbar da yake bushewa idan aka kwatanta shi da shi - wannan nau'in an kira shi da "Flowery Cuttlefish". Metasepia daɗaɗɗe tare da Myrim na shrimp a bango don kwatankwacin girman.

Flowery cutfish, Metasepia pfefferi, - karamin dabba mai ban al'ajabi wanda aka samo shi a cikin mafi yawan wuraren laka. Irin wannan sararin samaniyar tarkacen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da laka sun zama kamar an bar su a farkon kallo, amma a zahiri suna zaune ne da yawan dabbobi masu ban mamaki, musamman, shaidanun teku, allura na teku da kuma tsirara daban daban. Daidaita dacewa cikin irin wannan baƙon kamfani, mai yalwar katsewar kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, masters ne na kamara, sun sami nasarar daidaitawa tare da canza launin launin toka. Koyaya, a cikin tsoro, launuka masu mutunci a baya sun canza zuwa shuɗi mai haske, ja, rawaya, da fari. Wadannan launuka suna lullube cikin jikin dabba. Flamboyant cuttlefish suna da ƙarfin hali sosai, har ma a cikin fargaba, za su kiyaye yankinsu duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayon launi zai iya ci gaba har zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Irin waɗannan abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar ruwa "da laka", kuma katako mai zurfi ya zama abubuwa na tilas ga masu ɗaukar hoto a ƙarƙashin ruwa da masu wasan bidiyo, bugu da ƙari, sun zama kyawawa, amma da wuya dabbobi su sami damar samun ruwa.

Sabuwar ƙwayar cuta ta Metasepia a cikin yashi tana nuna canza launin saurayi.

“Flamboyant” a cikin sunan kasuwanci asalin sifa ce bayyananne, amma “kataccen kifin” ba takamaiman magana bane ('mai bakin' da '' kifi '). Ba a fayyace asalin kalmar 'kataccen kifi' ko 'katako ba' ('yan itace katako') ba. A cewar masanin binciken burikan, John W. Forsyth, “Sunan Cuttlefish (katon kifi) ya samo asali ne a matsayin karar asalin sunan Dutch ko Yaren mutanen Norway na wadannan dodannin. An samo kalmar daga 'codele-fische' ko 'kodle-fische'. A cikin Jamusanci, ana kiran cuttlefish da squid tintenfische, wanda ke nufin "kifin tawada." Na ji cewa kalmar 'fische' a zahiri ana amfani da ita ne don nufin duk wata halitta da take zaune a cikin tekun ko kuma tarko ya kama su, ba wai kifi kawai ba. A kowane hali, wannan shine yadda na fahimci asalin sunan. ”

Metasepia Adult.

Kwanan nan, akwai yiwuwar, aƙalla a cikin wuraren binciken jama'a, don sanya sunayen dabbobin mutane su zama "daidai" don hana rikice rikice. Misali, babu jellyfish (Jellyfish) ko (Starfish) ba kifi bane, saboda haka ana kiransu Jellies da Sea Stars (starfish), bi da bi. Wataƙila lokaci ya yi da za a kira mai yankan katako, saboda su ma ba kifi ba ne.

Masanin binciken Cephalopods Dr. James Wood ya bayyana a sarari a takaice: “Octopuses, squids, cuttlefish da nautilus (jirgin ruwa) suna cikin aji na Cephalopoda, wanda ke nufin 'kai-da-kafa'. Tsarin Cephalopoda mallakar nau'in Mollusca (Mollusks) ne, wanda ya hada da billve mollusks (scallops, oysters da sauran bivalve mollusks), motsi na gastropod (snails, slugs, nudibranch mollusks), spade-legged mollusks (scapodiformes, polyphoridae, chitons) ”, duk da haka, sabanin danginsu, dabbobin ruwa suna motsawa da sauri, suna farauta sosai kuma suna da alama dabbobi masu hankali. "

A zahiri, asalin halittar Metasepia yana wakilta ta jinsin biyu: Metasepia pfefferiwani yanki mai rarrafe mai cin duri, wanda kuma ake kira Pfeffer's cuttlefish, wanda aka samo daga gabar Indonesiya zuwa Arewacin Australia da Papua New Guinea, da Metasepia tullbergi, wani kifi mai cin daskararre, wanda aka samo daga Hong Kong zuwa kudancin Japan. Dukkan jinsunan suna da ƙananan, tare da ƙaramin alkama mai tsawon santimita 6-8, yayin da mata suka fi maza girma. A zahiri, yana da matukar wahala a rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu, saboda haka, yawanci akan samo asali ne daga bambance-bambance marasa ƙaranci a cikin “kuɓuwan teku” (ƙasusuwa) na dabbobi. Wakilan Metasepia, har ma da dukkanin cephalopods, suna da zukata uku (zuciya iri biyu da manyan kwayoyi, da kuma zuciya mafi girma, wacce ke daukar jini zuwa sauran sassan jikin), kwakwalwa mai sautin zobe da shuɗi, jini mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Suna da “makamai” 8 tare da layuka biyu na kofuna masu tsotsa tare da kowane ɗayan kuma suna riƙe alfarwar da suke kama da “batons” a ƙarshen. Hannun tantuna suna da laushi tsawon tsawon; kawai a farfajiyar "baton" sune kofuna masu tsotsa, wasu kuma manya-manyan. An rufe farfajiyar a gaba, a kama ganima kuma a kawo wa “hannayen”. Lokacin da aka kama wanda aka azabtar da shi ta hanyar “hannaye”, dabbar za ta jagoranci bakin sa mai siffar baki da harshen-radula, mai kama da goge waya, don rage girman wanda aka azabtar da wanda ya dace. Rage girman kayan ganima muhimmiyar ma'ana, saboda cinikin naman alade na wucewa ta tsakiyar kwakwalwar dabbobi na shekara - ganima mai yawa na iya lalata kwakwalwar dabba. Canji mai kauri cikin launi na kwarangwal mai ratsa jiki ana yin shi ta gabobin fata na musamman, chromatophores. Chromatophores an tsara shi ta hanyar juyayi, kuma su ne ke ba da izinin katako don canza launin jikinsu nan take ta hanyar aiki tare da tsoka don canza launi. Tsarin kan fata shima ba tsayayye bane, suna iya motsawa kamar hoto mai motsi, an yi imanin cewa suna taimakawa wajen sadarwa, farauta kuma ana amfani dasu don kaman kai. Misali shine saman shimfiɗar shimfiɗa a baya, inda ratsin launin shuɗi sau da yawa yake gudana tare da fararen wurare a cikin launi na Metasepia.

Kari akan haka, don gujewa mafarauta ko ɓoyewa, bin diddigin waɗanda abin ya shafa, katon ɗanyen fure ya sami damar canza sifar fatar ta hanyar sarrafa tubercles (papillae) wanda ke gefen jikin, godiya ga wanda zasu iya canza muryoyin jikinsu. Manyan ercan kumburin da ke cikin babban juzu'in da ke yankar katako sun kasance ba su canzawa. Flowery cuttlefish amfani da yanayi-uku motsi motsi. Suna da fin da ke kewaye da alkyabbar kuma ta ba dabba damar motsawa, bugu da ,ari, za su iya amfani da “motsi mai motsi” saboda hanyar ruwa ta hanyar kwalayen da ke ciki, wanda ke ba su motsin sauri cikin sauri. Mafi ban mamaki shine, matattarar mashin ruwan itace sau da kullun yana motsawa tare da gurbin tare da taimakon '' hannayen '' guda biyu da lobes biyu a cikin sashin ƙananan mantle a matsayin "kafafu". Kamar yadda masanina ya nuna, Cuttlefish Metasepia sun fi son wannan hanyar motsawa zuwa iyo, kuma barin sirin layi kawai idan suna da matukar tsoro ko kuma sun damu game da gungun mabambantan wurare da ke dagewa kan hoto. Mafi kyawun sanannun halayen yankan cinya shine “kumfa mai ƙoshin teku” (ko ƙasushin laushi), wanda magadan gidan dabbobi ke amfani dashi azaman ƙaramin sinadarin alli don adon kaji. Kwararan katako suna amfani da wannan 'Room' na ɗaki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar "canzawa" don canza canjin buloyancy, da sauri suna cike guraben da gas, ko kwantar da su daga ciki. Abin mamaki, duk da cewa "kumburin teku" mafi yawan yankan cinya itace daidai yake da suturar dabba, sihirin dutsen da lu'u-lu'u take da katon kifin shine mafi karancin, siriri, kuma yayi sama da 2/3 zuwa the tsawon tsawon katuwar. Sizearamar girman “kumburin teku” na iya kawo wahalar yin iyo kuma, wataƙila, shine dalilin da yasa rafukan ruwan itace suka fi son "tafiya" tare da gindin.

Kamar sauran ciyawa, a cikin fargaba, matattarar yankan ruwan kifaye suna iya bayar da adadin tawada. An yi imanin cewa tawada tana aiki kamar allon hayaki don ba da damar cutse kifayen ɓoye daga masu bin su, amma a mafi yawan lokuta na lura, yanayin da Metasepia ta fitar da tawada sun fi kama da “pseudomorphs” ko tawada mai ninka da dabbar tana fatan taimakawa don gujewa maharbi, yana ba shi manufofi da yawa.

Nazarin, wanda aka ambata a cikin jerin talabijin na NOVA - Sarakunan Camouflage da Mark Norman ke nazarin cephalopods, suna ƙoƙarin bayyana launuka masu ƙarfi, ƙarfin hali da "tafiya" na katako mai cinyewa. A cewar Norman: “Sai ya zama cewa matattarar mashin gashen ruwa suna da guba. Hakanan masu guba ne, kamar daskararren octopus mai launin shuɗi (ko dorinar ruwa tare da zoben shuɗi). Dankin bakin ruwa mai launin shuɗi ya kashe mutane, saboda haka muna ma'amala da farkon katako mai kisa. Halin yana da ban sha'awa a fannoni da yawa. Da fari dai, muna magana ne game da ainihin jiki mai guba, i.e. tsokoki da kansu masu guba. Wannan shine farkon lokacin da wakilan wannan rukunin dabbobi ke magana game da naman mutane. Abu na biyu, ba a san mai guba da kanta ba. Wannan wasu nau'ikan gubobi ne gaba daya. Irin waɗannan gubobi sune maɓalli ga duka jerin sababbin binciken game da maganin ɗan adam ... Wannan sakamako ne mai ban mamaki, saboda yana bayanin ayyukan da ke gudana a cikin yanayin halitta. Kuma irin wannan guba, mai guba, watakila yayi bayanin bakon halin dabba. Kuma gaskiyar cewa gungun dabbobin da ke yawan yin iyo ko kuma suna cin lokaci mai kyau don kokarin ɓatar da kansu, zama sananne, dakatar da iyo da fara "tafiya" - wannan babban cigaba ne game da buɗe sabuwar hanyar juyin halittar waɗannan dabbobi. Mai yiyuwa ne cizon da tawada na goro mai goro shima suna da gubobi, don haka dole ne ku kula da waɗannan dabbobin, a hankali yin la’akari da matakan da aka sa a gaba.

Metasepia suna fara rayuwarsu a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwai waɗanda aka dage farawa a cikin murɗa, a ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin ko wasu lokuta a ɓoye a cikin kwasfa mai kwakwa. An dage kwanciya qwai daban, diamitarsu kusan mm 8 ne. Ba kamar wasu nau'in tsiran katako ba, mata basa sakin tawada a cikin qwai, don haka qwai ya bayyana fari ko translucent.

Saboda haka, ba wuya a ga ci gaban katako a cikin kwan. Girman katako, lokacin da suka fara kyankyasa daga ƙwai, kusan mil 6 ne a tsayi, daga waje suna kama da ƙananan kwafin manyan dabbobi. Ko da a wannan zamani, su ne masu farauto, suna shirye don shiga wannan duniyar da fara canza launi, abincinsu ya ƙunshi ƙananan crustaceans, gastropods kuma wani lokacin har ma kifi.

Kwafin kwana 2 na Metasepia. Kula da tsabar kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tanki tare da dabba.

Kamar kowane irin itacen oaklopods, ƙwayoyin katako na Metasepia suna girma da sauri kuma suna iya isa zuwa girma girma game da watanni 4-6 bayan ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai. Mace ta Metasepia ta manya sun fi maza girma, tsawon sutturar jikinta ya kai santimita 8, yayin da girman suturar maza bai wuce santimita 4-6 ba, duk da cewa akwai sabani a cikin bayanin girman wadannan dabbobin. Kamar mafi yawan kifin naman sa, Metasepia mate “kai da kai”. Namiji ya sanya wani bangare na maniyyi, wanda ake kira maniyyi, ta hanyar mazaunin '' hannu 'tare da tsagi da ake kira hectocotyl, a cikin rami na musamman a cikin suturar mace. Mating yakan faru da sauri, namiji yana zuwa da sauri, yana fitar da maniyyi kuma shima zai fita da sauri, watakila saboda banbancin banbanci ne ga yawan abokan. Metasepia cuttlefish yana da tsawon rayuwa kusan shekara guda, a ƙarshen rayuwarsa suna kama da rashin kulawa, saboda dabbobin suna shiga yanayin tsufa na nazarin halittu. Ka'idar motsi ya zama mafi muni, lalacewar fata na iya bayyana, sakamakon ra'ayi cewa mophaus ɗin mollusk ya daina damuwa da komai, gami da abinci, ko da polychaetes ko kayan kwalliyar hermit suna cin alfarwar ta.

Manufar adana ƙarin ƙwayoyin cephalopods Wunderpus photogenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus da iri biyu Metasepia spp, ya buɗe babban tattaunawa, don mafi yawan ɓangaren saboda gaskiyar cewa girman da yanayin yawan jama'a a cikin yanayin ƙasa ba a sani ba. Koda bayyanar bayani, hotuna ko bidiyo na wadannan dabbobin da aka garkuwa dasu ana iya rikitasu. Wasu suna damuwa cewa cikakkun bayanai da hotuna masu kayatarwa na iya sa mutane kwararru masu aikin ruwa ruwa su ke nema su sayi dabba, tare da tsokanar shaye-shaye, wanda hakan zai iya shafar ikon jama'a na iya murmurewa a yanayin da ya ke. Da kaina, na yi imani cewa sha'awar wannan nau'in zai iya taimakawa sosai ga kiyayewa a cikin yanayin halitta, ba cutarwa ba. Wararrun masu samar da iskar ƙwaƙwalwar mayu kuma suna iya bayar da tasu gudummawa sosai don faɗaɗa ilimin waɗannan dabbobi. Ina fatan cewa musayar musayar bayanai zata ba masu sa masu ruwa da tsaki damar su yanke shawara mai zurfi game da shawara game da cancantar kiyaye wadannan dabbobin. Ba shi yiwuwa a yanke shawara nan da nan game da kula da Metasepia, har ma da ƙwararrun masu mallakar kifayen tare da aquariums masu tasowa dole ne su yanke shawara game da kafa wannan nau'in. Tsayawa waɗannan dabbobin na buƙatar ɗimbin albarkatu waɗanda ke da takamaiman bayanai kuma ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta, don haka idan har yanzu kuna yanke shawarar ɗaukar wannan matakin, ɗauki lokaci kuma tattara duk matakan da matakan da aka ɗauka don wasu za su iya koya daga misalinku, yin la’akari da kuskure da nasarorin.

Babban matsala a cikin riƙe kowane cephalopod shine siye. Sanannen abu ne cewa 'ya'yan itacen dabbobin suna jure yanayin sufuri da talauci, galibi ana isarwa da gawawwakinsu a cikin jaka ta ruwa mai launin tawada. Wannan na iya zama saboda rashin iyawar dabbobin da zasu iya jure damuwar da ke tattare da sufuri, ko saboda gaskiyar cewa har yanzu ba a fahimci menene yanayin zama dole don nasarar jigilar waɗannan dabbobi ba. A kowane hali, masu shigo da kaya sun yi taka tsantsan wajen yin odar wadannan dabbobin saboda karancin rayuwa. A cikin kasuwancin akwatin kifaye, babu bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan Metasepia, kuma idan kun kasance kuna da sa'a don samun kwafi ɗaya kuma kuna shirye ku biya daga dala 300 zuwa 800 don dabba, ba za ku iya tabbatar da jinsin da kuka samo ba. Na yi imanin cewa yawancin dabbobin da ke kan siyar sune ainihin wakilan Metasepia tullbergi daga Japan, inda aka haife su a cikin ruwa. Metasepia pfefferi, kamar yadda na sani, ba a yin wucin gadi a ko'ina. Abin da ya fi muni cikin sharuddan siyan waɗannan dabbobin don rarar ruwa shine gaskiyar cewa yawancin dabbobi da aka shigo da su maza ne da suka manyanta, wanda ke nufin cewa za su rayu 'yan makonni kaɗan ko watanni ba tare da iya haifan ko ƙwai ƙwai ba. A cikin shekaru 7 da suka gabata, na sami damar samun kwafin rayuwa guda 3 na Metasepia, da zarar ma na yi zirga-zirga daga San Francisco zuwa Los Angeles da dawowa cikin rana tare da burin guda ɗaya - don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa da sauri kuma in taimaka dabba ta tsira. Dukkanin samfurori ukun sun kasance maza manya kuma sun rayu daga watanni 2 zuwa 4.

Don kiyaye kifin katako, Metasepia tana buƙatar akwatin kifin da ya dace tare da ruwa mai daidaitaccen yanayin da ya dace da yanayin wurin ruwa. Yanayin ruwan ya kamata ya zama kusa da 25.5c, salinity 33.

5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.

4, yayin da matakin ammoniya, nitrite da nitrate yakamata su kasance kusa da 0. An yi imanin cewa kasancewar ammoniya shine ke haifar da matsaloli ga cephalopods, don haka gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun da kuma “disalin ammoniya” zasu taimaka wajen ƙayyade yawan canje-canje na ruwa.

Richard Ross: Metasepia kuma matar marubucin a Lembach, Sulivesi.

Kyakkyawan skimmer ya zama dole don tabbatar da fitar da oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki, da kuma wani "inshora" idan akwai "labulen tawada". Yana da kyau a koyaushe a samu gawayi da ruwan gishiri a gauraya a hannu - kuma koda an tawada bayyana a cikin tsarin. Isasshen adadin rayayyun duwatsun da / ko macroalgae kyakkyawar “ƙarin kari” ne don tacewa da mafaka. Ko da dabba ɗaya, ana bada shawara don samar da yanki na akalla inches 12 × 12 inci (daidaitaccen ruwa-galan na dabbobi don kiwo dabbobi) saboda katako ya iya tafiya. Na fi son yin amfani da kayan maye gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta kamar yumɓun ma'adinin ƙasa daga Caribbean a hade tare da facin 4 x 6 inch daga kowane samfuran laka, amma tunda Metasepia cuttlefish ba shi da al'ada ta tono a cikin abin, yashi mai kyau ma ya dace. Hasken walƙiya na al'ada zai isa sosai ga Metasepia, kodayake yana iya buƙatar wani abu mai ƙarfi idan macroalgae ko mai sauƙi, murjani mara ƙarfi (Discosoma, Nepthea, Xenia, da dai sauransu) suna zaune tare da cephalopods a cikin tsarin. Haske mai zurfi cikakke ne saboda waɗannan dabbobin suna cikin damuwa. Duk lokacin da zai yiwu, Nayi kokarin danganta filayen ruwa na tare da cephalopods tare da tsarin manyan reef. A wannan yanayin, Ina samun ƙarin ruwa, ƙarin tsayayyen aikin ruwa, yayin da ake buƙatar ƙarancin kayan aiki. Tun da Metasepia ba sa tserewa daga cikin akwatin kifayen ba, kamar yadda danginsu ke da ruwa, ba a buƙatar murfin madaidaiciya kuma ba wuya a haɗa kan akwatin kifayen da tsarin da ke akwai. Mafi kyawun zaɓi: akwatin kifaye wanda aka gina zuwa cikin tsarin da ya fi girma wanda za a iya katsewa ko haɗuwa idan kuna da Metasepia mai katako. Na fi son kada a ajiye kifayen ko wasu dabbobin da ke tare da Metasepia: ko dai macijin masassarar maciji zai cinye kifin, ko kuma kifin zai fara bin wannan matattarar mashin katako. A zahiri, waɗannan dabbobin suna da wuya a samo su akan siyayya kuma ni mai tallafi ne ga duk hanyoyin da za su iya samar musu da ingantacciyar damar rayuwa… wanda kuma yana nufin guje wa maƙwabta masu ban haushi a cikin akwatin kifaye.Dabbobi - masu tsabtace akwatin kifaye, kamar katantanwa, adadin matsakaitan kayan tsutsa da tsutsotsi na polychaete (polychaetes) ba tare da cutterfish Metasepia ba za su ci, yayin da za su taimaka tsaftace akwatin kifin na sauran abincin. Idan aka kawo daskararren mataccen kifin a cikin yanayi mai kyau, zai iya fara cin abinci nan da nan, samfuran nan guda uku waɗanda na sami nasarar fara ciyar da 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan farawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Da alama Metasepia matattarar mashin yana buƙatar abinci sosai fiye da sauran katako, Ina ba da shawarar ciyar da su aƙalla sau uku a rana. Idan dabba bata sami isasshen abinci, sai ta fara iyo saman ruwa kuma baya iya nutsar da ruwa gaba daya, yana haifar da ji da cewa rashin abinci na iya danganta da rashin karfin sarrafa bulo. Na ji kararrakin da ke bayan katsewar kifayen Metasepia, waɗanda suke samun isasshen abinci, sun bushe saboda dabbar ta ci gaba da kasancewa a saman ruwa kuma ta kasa nutsuwa. Kusan duk wani abincin shrimp na rayuwa za'a ci shi da abinci. Na yi nasara sosai cikin amfani da ragin teku na Palaemontes Vulgaris na ruwan sanyi da ƙyan ƙyallen gida don ƙungiyar daga San Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Fara daga mai rai sannan kuyi gwaji tare da waɗanda suka daskarar, saboda ɗayan manyan ayyukan masu mallakar sabon kifin mai naman da aka shigo da shi Metesepia shine don dabbobin da za su ci. Metasepia cuttlefish yana nuna ƙarancin sha'awar raye-raye na rayuwa fiye da sauran giram ɗin ceflopods, kuma an watsar da ƙwanƙwasa mai daskararre.

Bayan shekaru 8 na ƙoƙari marasa nasara, don kamun kisa na sami damar samun ƙungiyar samfurori na Metasepia a cikin Steinhart Aquarium a Kwalejin Kimiyya na California Kuma duk da cewa a cikin makon farko 80% na samfuran sun mutu, kuma a farkon watan - 90%, har yanzu mun sami nasarar zuwa dabbar ta hanyar canjin daya namiji daya da mata, wanda daga baya ya dage qwai. Wasu daga cikin ƙwai da aka kwantar da su, kuma a lokacin rubuta, kwafin Metasepia 2 ya riga ya ɓace, ƙarin qwai da yawa suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Wannan wani mataki ne na gaba, abin takaici, har yanzu ya yi kankanta, a kan hanyar kiyaye da kiwon waddan nan dabbobin. Nayi bakin kokarina don ganin yaran sun rayu. Wannan kwarewar tana gaya mani cewa har ma da albarkatu irin su manyan wuraren binciken ruwa na jama'a, yana da matukar wahala a kula da tsofaffi mutanen Metasepia na tsawon lokaci. Koyaya, wannan ƙaramar nasarar tana nufin cewa akwai bege ga binciken, fahimta da kuma kiwon waddan nan giwayen phawararru masu zaman kansu.