Jahar panda - Wannan dabba ce wacce ta kasance ga dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin pandas. Sunan ya fito ne daga Latin “Ailurus fulgens”, wanda ke nufin “cat cat”, “bear cat”. Akwai bayanan kula game da wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki a kasar Sin wacce aka tsara tun a karni na 13, amma Turawa sun gano hakan ne a karni na 19.
Ja gari a cikin pamda ya zama sananne a duk duniya saboda aikin masana kimiyya Thomas Hardwick da Frederic Cuvier. Wadannan mutane biyun sun ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban kimiyya kuma sun bude wa duniya baki daya xaya daga cikin mafi kyawun dabbobi masu kafafu hudu.
Ja janda sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta shi da cat, duk da haka, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kadan sosai. Kodayake wannan nau'in pandas an ɗauke shi ƙanƙane, yana da girma da yawa a girma fiye da cat na gida na yau da kullun. Tsawon jikin yana da kusan santimita 50-60, kuma sautin yawanci ya kai santimita 50. Girman namiji yakai kilo 3.8-6.2, kuma nauyin mace ya kai kilo 4.2-6.
Jikin yana da elongated, elongated. Suna da babban wutsiya, wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar wannan dabbar. Shugaban ja janda yana da fadi, tare da gajere, dan kadan elongated da kuma murabis mai kaifi, kunnuwa sunyi karami da zagaye.
Paarfin yana da girma a cikin girmansa, duk da haka, yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da ƙarafa-mai jan-baki. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar tana hawa bisa bishiya cikin sauƙi kuma ta manne wa rassan a lokaci guda, kuma tana gangara ƙasa tare da sauƙi, taka tsantsan da alheri na musamman.
Launin ja panda sabon abu ne kuma kyakkyawa ne. Mayafin dabba yana launuka marasa daidaituwa, yawanci zai zama baƙi ko duhu launin ruwan kasa, saman kuma ja ko goro.
A bango, gashin kan suna da nasihu masu launin rawaya maimakon ja. Hannun paws suna da tsabta, amma shugaban yana da haske, kuma kunnuwan kunnuwan gaba daya dusar ƙanƙara ce, har ma da makarfin fuska a fuska.
Abin mamaki ne cewa tsarin abin da yasha na ja panda na musamman ne kuma na musamman ne a cikin kowace dabba; ba a samun launuka biyu iri ɗaya a yanayi. Har ila yau, wutsiyar tana da launi mara kyau wanda ba a saba dashi ba, babban launi shine ja, kuma zobba na bakin ciki ana iya ganin sa da yawa launuka mai sauƙi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ja panda a cikin littafin Duniya na Duniya kamar dabbobi cikin babban haɗari. Wannan nau'in dabbobi an sanya shi cikin haɗari, a cewar bayanai masu yawa, daga 2500 zuwa 10000 mutane suka kasance a duniya.
A cikin yanayin mazaunan makiya don jan panda a zahiri ba su da yawa, ko yaya, datti da kashe gobara ta kusan lalata jama'a gaba daya. Musamman kyakkyawa na Jawo ya sa waɗannan dabbobin su zama kayan masarufi a kasuwa, don haka zalunci ne jan pandas farauta, a cikinsu adadi mai girma na manya da ƙananansu sun mutu.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
A cikin hoton akwai launin ja suna da kirki da tausayi, a yanayin da suka zama dole suyi gwagwarmayar rayuwarsu, duk da haka, gabaɗaya, suna da kwanciyar hankali da aminci.
Wannan bawai kawai bane ace panda cikin sauki bane, amma suna da sauki a daukesu cikin zaman talala, a cikin tsarin al'adun gargajiya. An jera Panda a cikin Littafin Rubutu, don haka yanzu masana suna yin duk mai yiwuwa domin waɗannan '' '' bears '' masu ƙwalwa ba su shuɗe ba kwata-kwata.
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana fuskantar barazanar rayuwar ja a kullun, sabili da haka, don adana rayuwarsu da haihuwar sababbi, an ƙirƙiri na musamman pandas mafaka.
Yanzu akwai tabbaci cewa kusan dabbobi 350 suna zaune a cikin gidajen dabbobi 85 a duniya, a nan ana ba su mahimmancin yanayin rayuwa da abinci. Akwai wasu lokuta da jan pandas suna jin daɗin haihuwar zuriyarsu, har ma a zaman talala.
A cikin mazauninsu na halitta, pandas galibi basu isa ba. Da rana, sun gwammace su shakata, suyi bacci, yayin da suke yin birgima a glomerulus kuma kullun suna rufe kawunansu da wutsiyarsu. Idan dabbar tana jin haɗarin, to ta hau kan bishiya, kuma, ta amfani da launinta, ta ɓad da kanta a kanta.
Bishiyoyi sun fi dacewa a gare su fiye da ɗakin kwana na duniya, inda jan pandas ya ji daɗin motsi kuma yana motsawa cikin nutsuwa da sannu a hankali. Amma har yanzu dole ne su sauka zuwa ƙasa neman abinci. Pandas suna da yarensu, wanda yafi kama da kukan tsuntsu ko twitter. Dabbobi suna yin ɗan gajeran sautuka waɗanda ke taimaka musu sadarwa tare da juna.
Sake bugun Kayan Cuta da Rai na Farko
Lokacin kiwo a cikin jan panda ya fadi a watan Janairu. Tunani da ci gaban tayin a cikin wannan dabba yana faruwa ne ta hanya ta musamman. Pandas yana da abin da ake kira diapause, wanda zai iya zama na dura daban-daban, wato, wannan lokacin tsakanin ɗaukar ciki da haɓaka jariri a cikin mahaifiyar. Haɓakar tayin kanta tana ɗaukar kwanaki 50, amma kafin haihuwar jariri, tana iya yin la'akari da diapause da fiye da kwanaki 120.
Alamar da za ta haihu ba da jimawa ba ita ce wadda ake kira "gida", wanda uwa-uba ta gina a cikin ramin bishiya daga rassa da kuma ganye. A wannan wurin da ba kowa, kananan yara sun bayyana, wanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 100, yayin da suke makanta da kurma.
A cikin hoton wani ja kwalayen fure tare da kwatanci
Launin jariri ya bambanta daga m zuwa launin toka, amma ba ja. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mace tana haihuwar cubaya 1-2, amma yakan faru da cewa sau huɗu a lokaci ɗaya, koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta ɗayansu ne ke tsira.
Yara suna girma sosai a hankali kuma a lokaci guda suna buƙatar kulawa. A rana ta 18 kawai suke buɗe idanunsu, kuma har ya zuwa watanni 3 suka fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi.
A lokaci guda, a karo na farko, suna barin 'gida' don asalin su don samun ƙwarewar neman abinci da kansu. Kimanin watanni 3, launin suturar ya canza, tare da kowace ranar wucewa, thean ya zama kamar mahaifansa biyu.
Lokacin da yaran suka sami ƙarfi kuma suka sami launi mai cike da launi, halayyar balagaggu, su, tare da mahaifiyarsu, suna barin wani yanki mai daɗin zama inda suka zauna kuma suka fara yawo, don bincika yankin.
Lokacin da yake shekaru 1.5, pandas matasa sun isa balaga, duk da haka, pandas shekaru 2-3 ana ɗauka manya. Ja janda kan iya kawo zuriya sau ɗaya a shekara, don haka adadinsu ba zai iya ƙaruwa da sauri ba, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa.
A cikin yanayi, jan pandas yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 10. Akwai wasu lokuta da pandas yayi rayuwa na shekaru 15, amma waɗannan sune mafi kusantar su. A cikin zaman talala, a cikin mazaunin halitta da aka halitta masu, ja pandas suna rayuwa kaɗan, tsawon shekaru 12. An sami matsala lokacin da panda ta rayu kusan shekaru 19.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kodayake na rarrabe pandas a matsayin masu farauta, amma duk da haka, kusan dukkanin abincin shine ciyayi. Pandas ana ɗaukar shi azzalumi ne saboda tsarin musamman na tsarin abincinsu, bawai saboda al'adun cin abinci ba.
Matasa bamboo, berries, namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari daban-daban suna dauke da kulawa ta musamman don jan panda. Rodanan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da ƙwai tsuntsaye suna mamaye 5% na abincin da aka ci.
Tunda dabbobi suna cin abinci mai kalori sosai, suna buƙatar shan kimanin kilo 2 na abinci a rana don samar wa jikinsu mahimman tanadin makamashi.
Idan budurwar panda ta ci bamboo na musamman, to a rana tana buƙatar cin fiye da kilo 4. Don yin wannan, za ta buƙaci kimanin awanni 14-16. Don haka, panda tana cin kyawawan kayanta a yawancin lokaci.
A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, pandas suna ciyar da madara (galibi shinkafa) tare da hatsi don ƙara yawan adadin kuzari na abinci da aka ƙone. Gabaɗaya, abincin jan panda na musamman ne, don haka ga waɗanda suke son samun irin waɗannan dabbobi kamar dabbobi, zai kasance da wahala sosai don samar da abinci mai kyau.
Idan abincin ba shi da tsari, to jan farji ya fara fama da cututtuka daban-daban na tsarin narkewa, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar dabba.
Wanene jan pamda?
Abin takaici, dabba an jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi azaman nau'in haɗari. A cewar kafofin da yawa, mutane 2500-10000 sun ci gaba da zama a duniyar. Wannan dabba tana da ƙarancin abokan gaba a yanayi, babbar matsalar ita ce gandun dajiinda wannan nau'in yake zaune. Babu ƙarancin haɗari sune masu bautar dabbobi da ke lalata dabbobi sabili da haushi. Makiyan dabbobi masu kashe wuta sosai a zaman fursuna, gidajen dabbobi a duk faɗin duniya suna ƙoƙarin maido da yawan jama'a, amma lamarin ya ci tura.
Asalin suna
Sunan farko na fadan janda - Ailurus fulgens - Bafaranshen nan Frederic Cuvier ne ya ba shi. Koyaya, a baya wannan nau'in fauna ya fito daga bakin Thomas Hardwig kuma ya bada shawarar sanyawa dabba "wa", a matsayin sautin dabbar dabba. An fara kiranta foda (panda) fox wuta daga Nepalese "punya". Sunan mai Firefox bawai barata bane, dabbar ba ta cikin dawakai, har kwanannan, rakoon shine dangi mafi kusa, amma an karyata wannan bayanin. Shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, dwarf da babban panda suna da magabata na gama gari, dukkan jinsuna biyu sun fito ne daga dangin ailuridae.
Inda yake zama
Jahar panda tana zaune a China, Nepal da kuma arewa maso yammacin Indiya. Dabbobi sun fi son tsaunuka kuma suna zaune a tsawan 1,500 zuwa 4,800 m sama da matakin teku. Ba sa son dabbobi masu canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, suna buƙatar yanayin yanayin matsakaici - su kada ku yi haƙuri ba kawai sanyi ba, amma har da zafi. Yanayin zafi sama da 30 ºC mai mutuwa ne. Mafi kyawun zazzabi daga 17 zuwa 25 ºC.
Shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, mazaunin dwarf panda yana da faɗi sosai. Ana samun ragowar a gabashin Turai, Arewacin Amurka. Akwai zaton cewa a cikin wadannan wuraren akwai sau ɗaya yanayin yanayi mai dacewa, canji a cikin yanayin yanayin duniya yana ɗaure iyakokin nau'in halitta kuma ya kawo shi ga waɗancan wuraren da aka kare inda har yanzu ana iya samun wannan ƙaramin beyar a cikin yanayin.
A duk wuraren da mazauninsu na halitta suke, dabba ta lalace, wani ya kama 'ya' yan mata domin yin lalata da gida, a lardin China an yi imanin cewa huluna da aka yi da dusar kankara yayin bukukuwan aure suna kawo farin ciki ga sabbin matan. Wata dabba takan zama wani ɓoye na bikin shayi na duniya a cikin Darjeeling na Indiya.
Bayanin Little na Panda
Dwarf panda tana lokaci guda kamar karamin dawakai, raccoon da cat. Yana da ƙarami, nauyin maza ya bambanta daga kilogram 3.7 zuwa 6.2, mace sun fi ƙanƙanta - har zuwa 6 kg. Tsayin Jikin - 51-64 cm. Wutsiya tana da tsayi da ƙarfi, har zuwa rabin mitir a tsayi, wanda ƙari ga kayan adon na ɗaukar nauyin aiki. Tare da taimakonsa, "beyar" sun hau bishiyoyi daidai.
Jikin dabba yana da tsawo, da mucks gajere ne, beads mai launin shuɗi mai duhu da baki, mai kama da hanci kare, ya fito waje. Paws suna da ƙarfi ainun. Theusoshin suna da tsawo kuma mai kaifi, musamman akan ƙafafun gaba, wanda wannan nau'in panda ne kawai zai iya ja da baya, kamar kuliyoyi. Shugaban yana da girma saboda ingantattun jaws tare da hakora masu yawa. Fox dansandan wuta yana da hakora 38!
Abubuwan launi
A ambaci "ƙaramin panda" kowa yana wakiltar malami na baƙar fata da fararen bera daga zane mai ban dariya, mai wasan kung fu. Koyaya, a yanayi, maren kashe wuta yafi kyau, godiya ga haske da yalwar kwalliyar tabarau ta alatu ta gashi. Jikin cat na wuta yana rufe da farin fur, launinsa wanda ya kebanta da gaske, partially yana nufin pandas na gargajiya, amma yana da bambance-bambancen mutum.
Babban launi na baya da kai shine daga ƙwalƙwalwar haske zuwa ja. Launi yana kama da ban sha'awa musamman saboda jan ulu. Kowane gashi a ginin yana da duhu - kuma zuwa ƙarshen cikon haske ne, daga nan kyawawan abubuwa sun cika. Haske mai ban tsoro shine kusan beige, akwai kuma da'irori masu haske kewaye da idanu, ƙirar ta musamman ga kowane dabba. Aljihunan duhu ne launin ruwan kasa. DA wutsiya ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Yana da ja, amma tare da kunkuntar zobba na mafi tsananin launi, an samo wutsiyar raccoon wutsiya, wanda ya aika da tallafin zuwa raccoons.
Rayuwa a yanayi
A cikin daji, launin ruwan kasa panda yana haifar da rayuwa mai tsayi, a ranar da dabbobin ke bacci a cikin rassan bishiyoyi ko a cikin rami na itace. A wurin, dabbobi suna ɓoye idan akwai haɗari. Bishiyoyi suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gabaɗaya, anan suna daurewa saboda dogayen lamuran da wutsiyar da suke riƙe da gawarwakin. A doron kasa, “makullin wutar” tana da ban dariya, mai taba hankali, wani lokacin kuma tayi jinkiri.
Halaye da halayya
Dabbobi suna zaune a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma jama'a tare. Su ma suna da yare. Dabbobin suna "magana" tare da taimakon murƙushewa masu ban dariya. Suna da hali na lumana. Amma waɗannan ƙananan bears suna alama a yankunansu - a hanyar al'ada, kuma da taimakon glandon da ke kan paws na paw. Maza suna kare ƙarfin “yankin” su, kuma lokacin da mai yin takara ya bayyana, sai ya yi tsalle, ya tsaya a kafaɗunsu ya yi birgima don tsoratar da abokan gaba.
Menene dwarf panda take ci
Kayan kashe gobara. Koyaya, a zahiri su masu cin ganyayyaki ne, a zahiri basa cin abincin dabbobi. Tushen abincin - ƙarar matasa da harbe na bamboo - waɗannan gourmets suna zaɓar harbe mafi zaki. Amma ciki na dabba mai sauki ne, kamar yadda a cikin magabatan mutane, kuma ba masu hawa da yawa ba, kamar yadda ake samu a herbivores. Sabili da haka, ana ɗan ƙaramin sashin abincin da aka ci. Animalan dabba dole ne ya ci na tsawon kwanaki har ya ƙare akan makamashi. Beriki da namomin kaza suna da kashi 5% na abincin; dabba na iya cin ƙwayayen tsuntsaye har ma da farautar ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
Kiwo da kuma zuriya
Lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin dabbobi a cikin watan Janairu. Dankali waɗannan dabbobin suna sau ɗaya a shekara. A wannan lokacin, maza suna zama da ƙwazo sosai, suna yiwa itacen alama sosai da taimakon fitsari da kuma glandon musamman. Mata ma suna da sha'awar neman namiji, saboda lokacin da ya dace da haduwa ya kasance har zuwa kwana ɗaya kuma yakan faɗi sau ɗaya a shekara. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da wannan damar, saboda dabbobi da sauri suna samun harshe gama gari.
Bayan tayi ciki, tayin yayi girma a cikin kwanaki 50, amma raccoon panda yakan sake juyawa. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 90-145, mafi daidai, nawa ne lokaci zai wuce kafin haihuwar jarirai ba zai yiwu ba. A farkon lokacin daukar ciki, akwai lokatai na lokacin lokacin da aka hana ci gaban tayin. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, yawan san tsana 1-2 ppan doli biyu, ba su da yawa - har zuwa 4, amma kaɗan kalilai ne ke tsira zuwa girma. Ana kiran Cubs kwikwiyo, suna yin nauyi 110-130 gram, kamar kananan yara na yara.
Makonni biyu na farko, 'yan kwikwiyo suna zaune a cikin mahaifansu tare da mahaifiyarsu, suna birgima a cikin wani turmi mai wuya inda mata ke sheƙa da ciyar da kwikwiyo. Pan pandas sun buɗe idanunsu a ranar 18. Bayan haka, mace ta fara fitar da 'yar tsana daga cikin gida kuma ta dace da rayuwar' yanci. Daga baya, ana ba jarirai abinci mai kauri, amma madara ta ciyar har zuwa watanni 5. Sa’annan kowane ɗan rago yana rayuwa kuma yana motsawa tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa shekara guda.
Tsawon rayuwa
A matsakaici, panda mai wuta yana rayuwa daga shekaru 8 zuwa 10. Koyaya, akwai nuances:
- A cikin zaman talala, a gidajen dabbobi, a karkashin yanayin rayuwa da suka dace, abinci mai dacewa da kuma rashin maƙiyan halitta, ana sa ran rayuwa ta hauhawa da jan sifofin tsira har zuwa shekaru 14-15.
- The dogon-hanta ne rajista a cikin Amurka gidan, ya rayu shekaru 19.
- A cikin hannaye masu zaman kansu azaman mai dabbobi, tsawon rayuwar yana gajarta sosai saboda matsaloli a cikin kulawa.
Yawan ƙananan pandas da zaman talala
Labarin panda na orange yana cikin jerin littafin Ruwa. A cewar bayanai da dama, kusan mutane dubu 10 ne suka rage a duniyar. Koyaya, karamin mini-panda yana jin daɗin zaman talala. Zoos 85 masu rajista a cikin duniya Dabbobi 350wanda ya haifar da kyau a cikin yanayin mutum. Amma yawan yana murmurewa sannu a hankali, kyarwar ja ta haifi sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma a cikin zuriyar dabbobi galibi yara biyu.
Shin zai yiwu a horar da "Foxan Wuta"
Abin takaici, ana yin amfani da kunna ƙananan ƙwayoyin pandas kamar yadda dabbobi ke yi a Indiya da Nepal.Ba wai kawai wannan saɓon ba ne dangane da wata nau'in haɗari, yana da matukar wahala a ƙirƙira yanayi mai kyau don dabba ta zauna a gida, saboda rayuwar rayuwa na irin waɗannan dabbobi ta ragu sosai. Don adana wannan nau'in a doron ƙasa, lallai ne a bar ra'ayin samo irin wannan dabbar. Zai fi kyau a yi sha'awar waɗannan kyawawan halittun a cikin gidan dabbobi.