Tsuntsu Ya kasance ga tsarin falcon da dangin shaho. An kuma saninta a ƙarƙashin sunan da ake amfani da shi a yanzu wanda ake kira "goshawk" (bisa ga asalin tsohuwar yaren Slavonic, "str" yana nufin "sauri", kuma "rebъ" na nufin "motley" ko "pockmarked").
Tsuntsayen gaggafa da shaho mamaye wuri mai daraja a cikin tatsuniyoyi da al'adun mutane na duniya daban-daban, inda ake gano su da manzannin alloli. Masarautan d Egyptians a sun bauta wa gunkin wannan tsuntsu, suna imani da cewa idanun mahaukaci suna wakiltar wata da rana, da fikafikan - sararin sama.
Unitsungiyoyin Elite na ƙungiyoyin Slavic yawanci suna sanya hoton tsuntsu a cikin ƙarensu, wanda ke nufin jaruntaka, iko da kuma mummunan zalunci ga abokan gaba.
Fasali da mazaunin shaho
Kamar kallo a hoto na shaho domin tabbatar da hakan tsuntsu Tana da fadi sosai kuma tana da siffa mai santsi da fuka-fukai masu fadi da kuma gajere.
Shaho yana da kafafu masu ƙarfi, wanda yatsotsin yatsu masu ƙarfi da fuka-fuki da kuma dogon wutsiya. Har ila yau, tsuntsu yana da sifofi na musamman game da fararen “girare” dake kai tsaye sama da idanun, wanda yawanci suna haɗin gwiwa a bayan kai.
A wasu yankuna da ƙasashe ana iya samun kusan bakar fata. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi tsuntsayen shaho akwai da yawa da yawa, kodayake, ana samun yawancin mutane, a cikin launin abin da shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa, baƙi da fari keɓaɓɓu.
Idanun manyan shaho na da girma kuma yawanci ja ko duhu mai duhu, kafafu sun yi launin rawaya. Mace a mafi yawan lokuta sun fi maza girma, kuma nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa zuwa 2 kilogiram tare da tsawon jikinsa na tsawon 60-65 cm da fikafikai sama da ɗaya mita. Yawan nauyin maza sun bambanta a cikin adadin daga 650 zuwa grain 1150.
Hawks - tsuntsaye iri-iri, wanda za'a iya samu a wasu sassan duniyarmu. Sun fi yadu sosai a Arewa (har zuwa Alaska) da Kudancin Amurka, a tsaunika da yankuna na gabashin Eurasian.
Yawancin ƙananan shaho suna zaune a Afirka da Australia, sabanin manyan shaho, waɗanda ana samun su a Asiya da Turai. A cikin Rasha, ana samun hayar ba tare da bata lokaci ba sai Gabas ta Tsakiya, Primorsky Territory da kuma a wasu yankuna na Kudancin Siberiya.
A yau, shaho sun zauna a tsakiyar tsohuwar gandun dazuka masu rarrafe, tunda a lokaci guda jama'a masu buɗe farauta sun mamaye harbin shaho, tunda, a ra'ayinsu, sun yanke ƙaƙƙarfan ganima - kwalliya da baƙar fata.
Saurari muryar shaho
Muryoyin tsuntsaye kamar babbar kara, kuma a wannan lokacin zaka iya jin “sautuka” mai karfi a bayan wani karamin gari.
Hali da rayuwar shaho
Hawks sune tsuntsaye masu lalata iri, da sauri kuma tare da saurin walƙiya. Suna jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, suna nuna mafi girman aiki da kuma neman abinci da rana.
Namiji da mace sun ƙirƙiri wata hanya, waɗanda suka zaɓa sau ɗaya don rayuwa. Kasuwancin shaho suna da nasa yankuna, iyakokinsu zasu iya fadada sama da kadada dubu uku kuma suna iya yin cudanya da iyakokin wasu mutane (ban da wurin tsuntsayen farauta).
Hawks yawanci suna gina mazaunin su a cikin busassun tsohuwar gandun daji a kan bishiyoyi mafi tsayi, a matakin girman mita goma zuwa ashirin kai tsaye daga saman duniya.
Hoto mai shaye shaye
Suna iya bambanta cikin girma a cikin mutane daban-daban, duk da haka, namiji da mace suna rawar jiki sosai yayin gina gida, suna rikitar da waƙoƙin kansu, suna tashi daga itace zuwa itace da sadarwa tare da juna da wasu sautuka.
Yi kururuwa tsuntsu shaho yana kama da kururuwa, wani lokacin yakan zama kamar rawar jiki mara nauyi (a cikin maza).
Abin ciye shaye
Tsuntsu mai shayarwa - mafarautawanda abincinsa ya kunshi abincin dabbobi. Kayan kaji da shaho na fata suna ciyar da yawancin larvae, kwari, kwayoyi da ƙananan ƙanana.
Bayan sun balaga, sun fara farauta don abin da ya fi girma, kamar su pheasants, squirrels, hares, zomaye da amarya.
Hawks na iya farauta sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu, saboda ciki yana sanye da "jaka" ta musamman wacce za a iya adana wani ɓangaren ganima, sannu a hankali ya faɗi cikin ciki.
Hawk ya cinye sauran tsuntsayen da ƙananan beraye
Kallon shaho yana da matukar kyau, kuma hawan jini a sararin samaniya sun sami damar nemo ganimarsu ta nesa da tazarar kilomita da dama. Tunda tsuntsun ya gano abin da ya ci, sai ya sanya walƙiya ta walƙiya, baya barin sa ya iya zuwa ga hankalinsa ya kuma kama dabbobinsa masu ƙarfi.
Koyaya, a lokacin farauta, shaho yana mai da hankali sosai ga abin da yake ganuwa har ya gagara gano ƙyamar da ta taso gabanta ta fuskar itace, gida ko ma jirgin ƙasa.
Hawk kururuwa don tsoratar da tsuntsaye A yau, mafarautan wasa suna amfani dashi sosai domin ganima su bar tsari don tserewa cikin sauri daga maharbin.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Shaho wata tsuntsu ce mai yawan aure, wanda ke haifar da yanayin rayuwa mafi yawanci. Sun kai ga balaga da misalin kimanin shekara guda, bayan haka suka samar da nau'i biyu kuma suka fara aikin haɗin gwiwa na gina gida.
Hawk
Lokacin mating ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin yanki kuma yawanci yana gudana daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa farkon bazara. Mace na haihuwar zuriya sama da sau daya a shekara a cikin adadin kwai biyu zuwa takwas, wanda daga cikin kwanaki talatin daga baya, ana haihuwar kajin.
Dukansu mace da namiji suna shiga cikin ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai. Bayan 'yan watanni, matasa shaho sun mallaki duka abubuwan rayuwa na' yanci da barin mahaifarsu.
Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar shaho a cikin yanayin mazauninta na shekaru 15-20 ne, kodayake, akwai lokuta yayin da wasu mutane suka ci gaba da rayuwa a zaman talala.
Sayi tsuntsu yau ba wuya, da kajin shaho ana iya siyan saurin kan layi akan dala 150-200. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana siyan su ta hanyar masu sihiri da masoya dabbobin daji.
Etymology na sunan
Sunan mahauk a cikin tsohuwar yaren Slavonic ana samun shi cikin bambance-bambancen "astreb". Ukrainian - shaho, shaho, Serbo-Croatian јastriјeb - shaho, yana ba da adabin adastrebast - "motley, speckled", Czech - jestrab, Tsohon Czech - jastrab, Yaren mutanen Poland - jastrząb, Luzhitsk na sama - jatrob, da bianan Salibia - ban sha'awa Wataƙila an kirkiro sunan ne bisa tushen tsohuwar Slavic tushen * str a ma'anar "saurin" ostrъ (shear, arrow, rapids, rod). Rebarshen maimaita ta na da ma'anar "waƙa, baƙar magana". Siffar halayyar fara shaye shaye shine jefa k'arshe mai saurin kamawa, kuma tsarin tsallake-tsallake akan kirji sananne ne kuma yana ba da adabin "shaho" a cikin yare.
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Sunan Turanci: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Hawk-kamar |
Iyali: | Hawk |
Kyau: | Mikiya |
Tsayin jiki: | 60-65 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Wingspan: | 1000 cm |
Weight: | 2000 g |
Abin da ke ci
Hawks tsuntsaye ne na ganima waɗanda ke cin abincin dabbobi. Chicky da matasa mutane suna ci larvae, kwari, kwaro da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yayinda suka girma, shaho sun fara farautar irin waɗannan farauta irin na magarya, ƙyallen hazel, squirrels, hares, zomaye.
Hawks suna farauta a cikin rana, sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu, saboda suna da "jaka" na musamman a cikin ciki, wanda ke adana wani ɓangaren kama da cin naman, daga nan kuma a hankali yakan shiga ciki.
Hawks sanannu ne saboda kyawun gani, yayin da hayaniya suke a sararin sama suna neman ganima akan nisan nisan kilomita da dama. Bayan tsuntsayen da ya kama abincin, sai nan da nan sai tsuntsun ya sauka ya kama shi da karfin paws. Yayin tsere, shaho yana mai da hankali sosai akan ganima wanda wasu lokuta basa ganin matsala a hanyar sa, misali itace, gida ko ma jirgin ƙasa.
Inda yake zama
Hawks ana samun su a dukkan kusurwar duniyarmu. Yawancin waɗannan mafarautan sun zama ruwan dare a Arewa (har zuwa Alaska) da Kudancin Amurka, har ma a cikin tsaunuka da gandun daji na Eurasia. Hawan ƙananan shaho suna zaune a Afirka da Ostiraliya.
Shaho an zaune galibi a dazuzzuka tsohon maye, yayin da mafarautan da ke harbi suka kore su daga wuraren bude wuraren.
Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
Babban kallo. Yawan nauyin maza ya kasance daga 630 zuwa 1100 g, tsayin jikinsa ya kai cm 55, fuka-fuki daga 98 zuwa 104 cm mata sun fi girma, yawansu yakasance ne daga 860 zuwa 1600 g, tsayin jikinsa ya kai santimita 61, fuka-fuki daga 105 zuwa 115 cm Sama da idanun Tsuntsayen suna da fararen fararen fata da fadi da kuma dogayen launuka wadanda kusan suke haɗu da bayan kai. Bakan gizo na tsuntsaye manya suna launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa, matasa - mai haske mai haske.
Umarshe daga launin toka-toka zuwa baki. Gyaran baya, kai da kuma fikafikan fuka-fukan sun yi duhu, ciki ya yi haske tare da kwararowar launin toka. A wutsiya ne launin toka mai haske tare da ratsi mai duhu. Jiki na sama, kai da fikafikan samari suna launin ruwan kasa, kirji ya yi fari mai launin fari mai launin fari.
Kamannin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe da kuma tsaunukan Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka.
Sparrowhawk (Acriliter nisus)
Smallan ƙaramin fanken da ke da gajeru, fiɗa fikafikan, da dogaye wutsiya. Tsawon jikin mutum daga dattijo ya kasance daga 29 zuwa 34 cm, fikafikai 59-64 cm ne, mace tana da girma babba, har zuwa 41 cm tsayi tare da fikafitika 67 zuwa 80 cm, kuma tana awo daga 186 zuwa 345 g. a cikin duhu launin toka, lokaci-lokaci tare da launin shuɗi mai haske. A ciki tare da jan tint ne rawaya launin toka ratsi. Bakan gizo ruwan lemo mai launi-rawaya ko ruwan lemo-m. Matar tana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, idanu suna da shuɗi.
Yana zaune a yankuna masu zafi da kuma yankunan Turai. Daga yankuna masu sanyi suna yin ƙaura don hunturu zuwa kudu ko kudu maso gabas zuwa Asiya.Ya rayu a cikin gandun daji, kusa da wuraren budewa.
Crested Hawk (Accipiter trivirgatus)
Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga cm 30 zuwa 46. Mace sun fi maza girma. A kai ɗan gajeren wando ne. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, fuka-fuki suna da fadi, gajeru. Maza duhu duhu. A cikin mace, tummy shima launin ruwan kasa ne.
Gidajen nau'in sun hada da kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Indiya, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines). Ya gwammace ya zauna a cikin kwari, a wurare masu zafi da kuma wurare masu zafi.
Yatsun gajeren wando (Accipiter soloensis)
Tsayin tsawon jiki daga 30 zuwa 36 cm, mace sun fi maza girma. Ya yi kama da bayyanar karamin sparrowhawk, amma ba tare da tsarin jujjuyawar ba akan ciki kuma tare da gajerun yatsunsu. A cikin tsuntsaye manya, tukwicin fikafikan baƙi ne. A baya na namiji yana da launin toka, tummy fari, bakan gizo ja. Matar tana da jan nono da bakan gizo mai launin rawaya. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye kamar furen mace.
Yawan jinsunan a gabashin China, Koriya ta Koriya, da kuma kudu maso gabashin Primorsky Krai na Rasha. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Russia. Migratory view, kwari zuwa gidan hunturu a Indonesia da Philippines.
Madagaskar Hawk (Accipiter francesii)
Tsawon jikin jinsunan shine 21-29 cm, fikafikan nana yana daga cm 40 zuwa 54. Mace sun fi girma. A baya na namiji yayi launin toka ne, kai mai haske ne. An kawata wutsiyar launin toka tare da launin baƙi. Cutar tummy farin ciki tare da ratsin bakin ciki mai launin ja-ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan kasa a cikin kirji da bangarorin. Akwai farin iyaka a kan fikafikan. Mace mata masu launin ruwan kasa a saman, da bakin bakin duhu mai raɗaɗi akan wutsiya. Hasken Midsection tare da gudana. Bakan gizo, kakin zuma da kuma rawaya paws. Kuma a cikin matasa mutane tare da kore kore.
Mai matuƙar gargaɗi zuwa Madagascar, inda yake zaune a cikin gandun daji, savannas daji, har ma a wuraren shakatawa, manyan lambuna, a kan tsire-tsire. Yana faruwa ne a tsaunin sama da 2000 m sama da matakin teku.
Haske Hawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)
Tsawon jiki daga 44 zuwa 55 cm, fikafikai 72-101 cm Maza sun fi ƙanƙanta yawa fiye da mace a girma. Don shaho mai haske, ana bambanta farin da launin toka. Plwayawar launin toka mai launin shuɗi shine daga launin shuɗi zuwa launin toka-toka zuwa launin toka-mai-ƙarfi a cikin kai, baya da fuka-fuki, ƙwarin yana da fari tare da ratsiwar duhu a ƙirjin. Aljihu fari ne. Fentin farin yana goge fararen fata. Boarfin ruwan sama na damuna biyu masu launin shuɗi-mai haske ne ko ja mai duhu, ƙafafu suna rawaya.
A cikin samari matasa na launin toka mai launin toka, iris da nape launin ruwan kasa ne, raunin ya nuna akan nono da a saman wutsiya.
Yankunan rarraba jinsunan sun hada da gandun daji, dajin kurmi, koguna da gefunan daji a yankuna na gabar teku na Australia, da kuma Tasmania.
Australiya Brown Hawk (Accipiter fasciatus)
Mahalli na Tsibirin Fiji. Tsuntsu yana da kangara mai launin toka da launin rawaya. Ja ciki tare da farin streaks. Tsawon jiki daga 45 zuwa 55 cm, fikafikai shine 75-95 cm. Mace sun fi girma girma. Yawan taro na namiji ya kai 220 g, ga mace shi 355 g.
Takaitaccen Hawk (Accipiter tsantsa)
Smallestan ƙaramin hazo a Arewacin Amurka. Tsawon jikin mace daga 24 zuwa 27 cm ne, ga mace daga 29 zuwa 34. Tsuntsayen shine 53 - 65 cm. Yawan maza daga 87 zuwa 114 g, mace 150-218 g ne. Wutsiya takaice. Lissafi duhu ne, ƙarami, mai siffa ƙugiya. Ingsan yawon gajere ne zagaye, duhu a ƙasa. Abun yatsu masu girma ne, kaifi. Umwaya yana da launin toka mai duhu, kambi baƙi ne, ƙyallen ciki, ciki da kayan ciki suna da haske, tare da ratsi launin ja mai duhu. Bakan Gizo Kafafu suna rawaya. A wutsiya akwai fararen fararen fata. A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, kambi, yadudduka da baya launin ruwan kasa, bakan gizo mai rawaya.
Tsuntsu yana zaune a Meziko, Venezuela, Argentina.
Dark Dance Hawk (Melierax metabates)
Tsawon jiki daga 38 zuwa 51 cm. A baya, fuka-fuki da kai sune launin toka mai duhu, kirji da wuya wuya ne launin toka. A ciki mai launin shuɗi-fari, taguwa. Gashin gashinan da wutsiya sune launin toka ko baki. Wutsiyar fari fari. Gefen rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da saman launin toka. Aljihu suna ja.
Jinsunan suna zaune a cikin savannahs da gandun daji a yankin kudu da Sahara na Afirka.
Kuri'a
Muryar shaho tana kama da kururuwa mai ƙarfi, ana iya jin “jawabai” na waɗannan tsuntsayen a bayan ƙauyukan. A cikin maza, yin kururuwa yawanci yakan tafi cikin girgiza mara nauyi.
Masu farauta suna amfani da kukan mahauta don tsoratar da tsuntsaye, da jin haka, sai ganima ta bar matsuguninta don tserewa daga maharbanta kuma ta fada hannun mafarauta.
Bayanan Gaske
- Asalin kalmar shaho a cikin yaruka daban-daban yana da alaƙa da ma'anar “kaifi”, “kaifi”, “sauri”, “tashi mai sauri”, wanda ke nuni da yanayin tsuntsu.
- A cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa na almara na mutanen duniya, shaho, da gaggafa, ana ɗauka su manzannin alloli ne. Mazaunan tsohuwar Misira suna bauta wa gunkin shaho, saboda sun yi imani cewa idanunsa alama ce ta wata da rana, fuka-fukansa kuma alama ce ta sama. Sojojin Slavic sun sanya hoton madubin a kan tutocinsu, a matsayin alama ce ta ƙarfin hali, iko da kuma nuna rashin ƙarfi ga abokan gaba.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Goshawk
Consideredan wasan goshawk shaye shaye an ɗauke shi da ɗayan tsofaffin halittu. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun wanzu a zamanin da. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar fuka-fukai manzannin alloli, kuma a tsohuwar Egypt akwai wani allah tare da shugaban wannan tsuntsu. Har ila yau, 'yan Slavia sun girmama Hawwa kuma sun sanya hoton tsuntsu a garkuwa da rigunan makamai. Rage shaho da farauta tare da waɗannan tsuntsaye ya ninka sama da shekara dubu biyu.
Bidiyo: Goshawk
Babbar goshawk tana daya daga cikin manyan annabta. Matsakaicin ƙwayar shayarwa ta nwoke daga 50 zuwa 55 santimita, nauyin ya kai kilogram 1.2. Mata sun fi girma yawa. Girman girma zai iya kai santimita 70, kuma nauyin 2 kilo. Kashin fikafikan hazo yana tsakanin mita 1.2-1.5.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda girman fuka-fukan, za a iya tsara shirin shaworon lami lafiya cikin hawan iska da kuma na dubun mintuna don neman abin da ya dace, a cikin jirgin sama ba tare da wani ƙoƙari ba.
Maharma yana da kafafu mai rikitarwa, yana da karamin hancin kai da gajere amma wuyansa mai motsi. Daya daga cikin takamaiman kayan aikin shaho shine kasancewar “wando gashin tsuntsaye”, wanda baya faruwa a cikin kananan nau'ikan tsuntsayen abincinsu. An rufe tsuntsu da launin toka mai launin toka kuma ƙananan fuka-fukai suna da haske ko fararen launuka, suna sa tsuntsun yayi kyau kuma ana iya tuna shi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shadeaƙƙarfin gashin fuka-fukan fatara ya dogara da matsayin ƙasa. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankuna na arewacin suna da sankara da kuma walwala, yayin da shagabannin tsaunukan Caucasus, akasin haka, suna da duhu mai duhu.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Menene goshawk yayi kama
Kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, bayyanar da goshawk shaho yana da matukar dogaro da yankin da tsuntsun yake zaune.
Mun lissafa manyan nau'ikan tsuntsaye kuma muna nuna halayen halayensu:
- Goshawk Turai. Wannan wakilin jinsin shine mafi girman dukkanin goshawks. Haka kuma, babban fasalin jinsin shine cewa mace sun fi maza girma sau daya da rabi. Yankin Turai na zaune kusan ko'ina cikin Eurasia, a Arewacin Amurka da Maroko. Haka kuma, bayyanar tsuntsu a Maroko saboda gaskiyar cewa an saki wasu mutane da yawa da gangan don tsara adadin adadin pigeons dayawa,
- Goshawk na Afirka. Tana da girman matsakaicin matsayi sama da na Turai. Tsawon jikin mutum bai wuce santimita 40 ba, kuma nauyin ba ya wuce gram 500. Tsuntsu yana da injin gashinsa a bayansa da fikafikansa, da kuma toshiya a kirjin sa,
- shaho na Afirka yana da kafafu mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan magana mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ba shi damar kama ko da ƙaramin wasa. Tsuntsayen suna zaune a duk faɗin Afirka sai dai a yankin kudanci da kuma bushewa,
- karamin shaho. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici mai girman kai. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin santimita 35, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kimanin gram 300. Duk da nesa da girmanta, tsuntsun nan mai farautar farauta ne kuma yana da ikon kama wasa sau biyu nauyin kansa. A launi, ƙaramin shaho bai bambanta da goshawk na Turai ba. Maƙaddara ɗan fararen fata galibi yana zaune ne a arewacin da kuma yammacin Afirka,
- hajiya haske. Wani tsuntsu wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, wanda ya sami suna saboda wani launi na sabon haske mai saurin canzawa. A cikin girman da halaye ne kusan cikakken takwaran Tarayyar Turai. A cikin duka, akwai kusan mutane 100 na farin goshawk, kuma duka ana samun su a Ostiraliya,
- ja shaho. Wakili ne mai ban mamaki da yawa daga dangin shaho. Ya yi daidai da girman girman tsuntsu a Turai, amma ya banbanta da launin ja (ko ja). Wannan tsuntsu babbar tsawa ce ga parrots, wacce take cin abincinta.
Iyalin goshawks suna da yawa sosai, amma dukkan tsuntsaye suna da halaye iri ɗaya, suna bambanta da juna kawai cikin girma da kamanninsu.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Goshawk a cikin jirgin sama
Kusan dukkan jinsunan goshawk shaye shaye ne, idan kuma ba a sami karfin majeure ba, to magabatan suna rayuwa dukkan rayuwarsu a yanki daya. Iyakar abin da aka ban banbanta shi ne tsuntsayen da ke zaune a arewacin Amurka da ke kusa da Dutsen Dutsen. A cikin hunturu, kusan babu abin ganima a cikin waɗannan sassan, kuma ana tilasta masu kifayen ƙaura don yin ƙaura zuwa kudu.
Goshawk tsuntsu ne mai sauri da sauri. Tana gudanar da rayuwar yau da kullun, ta fi son farauta da sanyin safiya ko yamma kafin rana ta faɗi. Tsuntsu ya ciyar da dare a cikin gida, saboda idanunsa ba su dace da farauta dare ba.
Shaho yana daure sosai da yankin sa, suna ƙoƙarin kada su tashi a waje da yankin sa kuma su ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a cikin gida ɗaya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da yawan aure. Suna kirkirar ma'aurata masu aminci kuma suna da aminci ga junan su duk rayuwarsu.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yankuna farauta na masu shaye shaye sunaye, amma kada kuyi daidai da juna. Tsuntsayen suna da matukar kishin ƙasarsu kuma suna fitar da (ko a kashe) wasu ƙwararrun tsuntsayen da ke tashi a nan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dukda cewa shaye-shaye na mata sun fi maza girma, yankinta ya ninka sau 2-3. Maza ne waɗanda ake ɗauka su ne manyan masu shiga cikin iyali, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa filayen farauta sun fi girma.
A cikin mazaunin halitta, sharar gida a cikin gandun daji sau da yawa, a saman bishiyun bishiyoyi masu tsayi, tsayinsu ya kai mita 20.
Bayanin Hawk
Shaho yana da fikafikai fuka-fukai - har zuwa cm 35. Wannan fahimta ce: hawgu suna rayuwa da farauta a cikin gandun daji, kuma a nan tare da irin waɗannan fikafikan sun fi sauƙi tashi da rawar daji a tsakanin bishiyoyi. Gashin baki mai yatsa ne, gajere. Saƙar kakin zuma tana saman baki.
Idanun suna rawaya, ruwan lemo, ƙarshen mutuwa yana launin ruwan hoda, ya dan juya gaba, kuma baya kasancewa a gaɓoɓin kai, wanda ke samar da hangen nesa na binocular. Yana da kyau sosai a shaho - a ƙuduri yana da sau 8 sama da ɗan adam. Jin kuma yana da kyau, amma kamshin da yake da rauni ne.
Lura!
A saman shaho ana fentin launin ruwan kasa, launin toka da launin ruwan kasa, kirji yana da haske, mai raɗaɗi mai haske. Dukda cewa akwai banbancen.
Ana samun farin goshawks masu tsabta a Kamchatka. Fuka fikafikan suna da fadi, ba a nuna su, kamar falcon. Wutsiya ita ce yanki ɗaya ko kuma a yanka. Allumai suna da iko sosai, launin rawaya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Goshawk a Belarus
Namiji zai fara kula da mace tun daga karshen watan Afrilun zuwa farkon watan Yuni. Kusan kai tsaye bayan lokacin tattarawa, ma'auratan sun fara gina gida kuma maza da mata suna shiga wannan aikin.
Ginin gida yana fara 'yan watanni kafin lokacin kwan ƙwai kuma ya ɗauki kimanin makonni biyu. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsaye suna ba da babban gida (kusan mita ɗaya a diamita). Don gini, ana amfani da rassa, busasshen itace, allura da harbe bishiyoyi.
Yawancin lokaci, akwai ƙwai 2-3 a cikin gidan goshawk. Kusan ba su bambanta da girma da kaza, amma suna da ƙamshi mai ƙima da daɗi da taɓawa. Hatanƙarar ƙwai yakan wuce kwanaki 30-35 kuma mace tana zaune akan ƙwai. A wannan lokacin, maharbin yakan farauta da samarwa budurwarsa kayan farauta.
Bayan an haifi maza, mace ta zauna tare da su a cikin maza har tsawon wata guda. A tsawon wannan lokacin, namiji yana farauta da makamashi sabo da wadatar abinci ga mace da kajin duka.
Bayan wata daya, ci gaban matasa yana kan reshe, amma har yanzu iyayen suna ciyar da su, suna koyar da farauta. Watanni uku kacal bayan tashi daga gida, kajin sun sami 'yanci gaba daya kuma sun bar iyayensu. Jima'i na jima'i na tsuntsaye yana faruwa a cikin shekara guda.
A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, goshawk yana rayuwa har kusan shekaru 14-15, amma a cikin yanayin ajiyar kaya tare da kyakkyawan abinci mai kyau da kulawa na lokaci, tsuntsaye na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.
Ina shaho ke zaune?
Hawks suna zaune a kusan dukkanin kusurwar Duniya: daga gandun daji - tundra har zuwa gandun daji na Eurasia, Amurka, Afirka, Australia.
Sun fi son su sauka a kan iyakar gandun daji, kodayake akwai nau'ikan halittu da suka dace da yanayin bude fili.
Hawks da ke zaune a arewa suna ƙaura zuwa kudu, kuma a cikin yanayin wurare masu ƙarfi suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa.
Abokan gaba na makiya na goshawk
Hoto: Menene goshawk yayi kama
Gabaɗaya, goshawk bashi da makiya da yawa na halitta, tunda waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kan saman abincin abinci na maƙiyan fikafikan. Ita da kanta makiyi ne na halitta ga tsuntsaye masu yawa da kuma ƙaramin gandun daji.
Koyaya, dawakai na iya zama haɗari ga dabbobi masu yara. Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin mafi ƙwarewar dajin da za su iya kallon abin da suke ci har na awanni, kuma idan ƙaramin ɗan tsuntsu ya sami dama, to, dawakai da kyar na iya kai hari kan shaho.
A dare, mujiya da owls na iya yin barazanar shaye shaye. Goshawks ba su gani da kyau a cikin duhu, wanda shine abin da owls ke amfani da shi, waɗanda sune maƙasudin magabatansu. Zasu iya kai hari ga kajin da daddare, ba tare da tsoron ramuwar gayya daga shaho ba.
Sauran tsuntsayen masu cin abincin, waɗanda girman su ya wuce girman shaho, na iya haifar da barazanar da za a iya samu. Misali, a Amurka masu shaho da mikiya suna zaune a makwabta, kuma gaggafa, kamar manyan tsuntsayen, suna mamaye shaho kuma basa ƙin farautar su kwata-kwata.
Bugu da ƙari, idan wasan bai isa ba, shaho na iya shiga cikin cin mutumci kuma ku ci dangi da ƙanana da rauni ko kuma ƙaho. Koyaya, mafi haɗari ga goshawks shine mutanen da suke farautar tsuntsaye don ƙyalƙyali mai kyau ko kuma yin dabbar kyakkyawa da adon dabbar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Goshawk Hawk
Abin takaici, yawan jama'ar goshawks ke raguwa a hankali. Kuma idan a farkon karni akwai tsuntsaye kusan dubu 400, yanzu babu sama da dubu 200 daga gare su. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, an sami haɓakar fashewar abubuwa a cikin harkar kiwon kaji kuma an daɗe ana yarda cewa shaho barazana ce ga kaji, geese da duwatsun.
Shekaru da yawa, an lalata yawancin tsuntsaye, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwa da yawa a game da yawan mashigan ruwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da mummunan illa ga aikin gona. Daidaitawar lafiyar halittu ya tashi, kuma har yanzu ba a dawo da shi ba. Ya isa ka tuna da sanannen “farautar tsuntsaye” a China don fahimtar girman girman bala'in.
A halin yanzu, an rarraba yawan mutanen goshawks kamar haka:
- Amurka - mutane dubu 30
- Afirka - mutane dubu 20,
- Kasashen Asiya - mutane dubu 35,
- Rasha - mutane dubu 25,
- Turai - kusan tsuntsaye dubu 4.
A dabi'ance, duk lissafin suna kusanci a cikin yanayi, kuma yawancin masana kimiyyar halayyar halitta suna jin tsoron cewa a zahiri akwai ƙananan tsuntsaye. An yi imanin cewa ba fiye da nau'i-nau'i na shaho 5 ba zai iya rayuwa a murabba'in mita dubu 100. Rage yanki mai relict daji yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa an rage yawan shaho kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don inganta yanayin ba a bayyane ba tukuna.
Sparrowhawk Kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai fara'a ita ce mai shayarwa daga gandun daji. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaituwar dabi'un halitta kuma basu da ikon haifar da lahani ga manyan gonakin kiwon kaji. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya masu shayarwa suna da karɓar hukuma, kuma farautarsu tana ƙarƙashin dokar hana fita.
Hawan fursuna
Hawks suna da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa. Kwanakin farko na da wuyar ciyarwa. Dole ne ya bayar da nama a jikin sanda ya tura shi cikin makogwaronsa lokacin da ya bude baki. Amma bayan 'yan kwanaki, sai shaho ya dauko abinci daga hannunsa.
Tare da shaho suna yin farauta a yawancin ƙasashe na duniya, yawanci wasa ne, amma a Afirka sun sami damar yin amfani da su don farauta hamada. Tabbas, shaho ba zai iya fama da tururuwa ba, amma yana iya lalata shi gabaɗaya, sannan kasuwancin karnuka da mafarauta.
Abin ban sha'awa, shaho an baje su a cikin Caucasus da Crimea, ana farauta tare da su, an kuma sake su bayan ƙarshen lokacin farauta.
Ciyar da shaho ba wuya. Za a iya ciyar da naman da aka dafa kaɗan, amma ba tsawon lokaci ba. An tsara tsarin narkewar su don haka lallai suna buƙatar kasusuwa, gashinsa da ulu. Sabili da haka, yawanci suna saya musu mice a cikin shagunan musamman.
Maganganun shaho
A cikin halittar Hawk, akwai kusan nau'ikan 70, sunayen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna nuna fasalin halayyar su.
Goshawk shine mafi girman wakilin halittar. Tsawon Jikinsa ya kai cm 70. Mace mai nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 1.6, namiji, kamar yadda yake da sauran ƙananan dabbobi. Rangaran Rarrabawa:.
Asalin Afirka ya fi ƙarami sau biyu. Gabanta mai launin shuɗi ne, da kakin zuma ba launin shuɗi ba, amma mai ruwan toka-mai launin toka-toka. Yana zaune a Afirka, sai arewa da yamma.
Sparrow-hawk ta yaɗu a cikin Turai, a Rasha da kuma Kudu maso Yammacin China. Mafi ƙaranci fiye da goshawk. Saboda haka, ana kiranta ƙaramin shaho. Yanki a cikin kananan yankuna.
Abin sha'awa shine, goshawks basa barin dangi zuwa yankin da suke farauta, amma an ba da izinin sparrows cikin natsuwa a nan kusa.
Shahararren hayaki yana zaune a Australia da Tasmania. An raba ra'ayi zuwa rabe biyu - launin toka da fari. Nan take babba, fuka-fuki har zuwa mita.
Hausar wakar duhu ita ce mazaunin gandun daji da savannahs na Afirka ta Kudu. Suna daɗaɗa sautin karin waƙoƙi, wanda saboda sunayensu.
Tsuntsu mai matsakaici mai tsayi, yana zaune ne daga Indiya a yamma zuwa Indonesia a gabas. Hankula cikin bayyanar, amma yana da crest.
Tuvik na Turai mazaunin Kudancin Turai ne, Crimea, Caucasus. Masu cin nasara a Masar, Turkiya da Arabia. Matsakaici, ciyarwa akan tsuntsaye da kwaɗi.
Red Hawk - Wani tsuntsu ne mai yawan gaske a Australia. Babban, ɗan ƙarami fiye da goshawk, launi yana da ja tare da gudana.
Shaho tsuntsu kyakkyawa ne mai ban mamaki da fasaha. Sauƙi ta hora. Ba sa matukar kaunar mafarauta wasa, saboda inda shaho suke zaune, babu wanda zai farauta. Duk manoma da tattabarai basa son satar kaji da tattabarai. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe an harbe su, har sai sun fahimci cewa ana buƙatar shaho a yanayi, yana tsara adadin ƙwayoyin.
Babu wani abu a cikin halitta. Kuma irin wannan kyakkyawan mutum - har ma fiye da haka.
Hawk: Bayani
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna wakiltar tsuntsayen ganima mallakar dangin shaho. Daban-daban shaho sun sha bamban da girman jikinsu, suna girma zuwa tsawon mita 0.7 da samun nauyi a cikin kilogiram 1.5, yayin da quail-hawk ya yi kankanta kadan (kawai 0.35 m) kuma yana da ƙananan nauyi (kimanin Kilogiram 0.4).
Halayya da salon rayuwa
Hawks sun fi son zama a cikin dazuzzukan kurmi, suna samar da gida a kansu a kan bishiyoyi mafi tsayi don sarrafa filayen farautarsu, a kan wuraren daga murabba'in kilomita 100 zuwa 150. Wannan maƙiyin yana jin daɗin girma a cikin maɗaukakin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, yana da halayen jirgin sama na musamman. Yana iya sauƙaƙewa cikin rawanin bishiyoyi ta kowane bangare, nan da nan ya juya ya juya ba zato ba tsammani, don haka waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da damar samun ceto. Irin wannan halayen jirgin yana yiwuwa saboda girman jiki da kuma siffar fikafikan sa. Thean farautar fatarar kuzari ya ta'allaka ne da harin walƙiyarsa ta hanun abin da ya gan shi, wanda ya hango. Ya kama ɗan abincinsa da ƙarfi, ya zare shi da ƙarfi. A sakamakon haka, wanda aka azabtar ya sami raunin da bai dace da rayuwa ba saboda kasancewar ƙaƙƙarfan magana mai kaifi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shaho yana cin abin da yake ci gaba ɗaya, tare da gilasai da gashinsa, har da ƙasusuwa. Wannan yana bawa mai izini damar samun dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki.
Hawks ba su bambanta a cikin bayanan murya na musamman ba. Ana iya saninsu ta hanyar "ki-ki-ki" ko kuma "ki-ki-ki-ki". Jin irin waɗannan sautin da suka fito daga dazuzukan kurmi, zamu iya aminta da cewa shaho yana zaune kusa da gandun daji. Yana da kyau a lura cewa akwai nau'ikan wukake da ke yin karin sauti. Sau daya a shekara, bayan bayyanar sabon zuriya na shaho, sai suyi ta birgima, kuma tsarin tsinkaya na iya jawowa na tsawon shekaru 2.