Hoto: Blake Matheson
Laraunin polar tana kashe fiye da 50% na lokacin lokacinta. Zai iya yin abinci ba na dogon lokaci ba, har ma wani lokacin har tsawon wata guda. Amma idan akwai ganima, nan da nan mafarautan ke ci daga kilo 10 zuwa 25. Na iyakacin duniya bear ciyarwa musamman a kan like. Awanni da dama, wani lokacin ma harda wasu kwanaki, yana kwance yana jiran abin da ya same shi ta ramin kankara. Lokacin da hatimin ya fito daga ruwa don numfasawa iska, beyar ya buge kansa da motsinsa, yana mai nishi da ƙyallen, sannan ya fitar da dabbar daga ruwa zuwa saman dusar kankara. Amma galibi a tsarin abincin bera akwai tsuntsaye da kananan dabbobi. Maƙaddara mai ƙarfi ba zai ƙi daga kifi Whales ba. Thean itacen oak yana samun abinci da godiya ga ƙanshi mai laushi - yana jin ƙanshin jijiyar wuya, ko da yana cikin teku.
Akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da dabbobin ruwa masu ƙauna ta sanyi, kamar su beluga khalifofi da narwhals, za su faɗa cikin tarko mai haɗari. Irin wannan tarko na iya zama rami mai daskarewa, inda da yawa na dabbobin ruwa ya tara. Dukkanin su yanada mutuwa. Bear, bayan ya lura da irin wannan tarko, yana canja wurin duk dabbobi kuma yayi ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Sarkin busassun dusar ƙanƙara ba ya ƙin tsire-tsire, wanda daga cikinsu akwai berriesa berriesan itace, gansakuka, ciyawar lemo, ciyawa da sauran su. Larayoyin polar suna da matukar damuwa game da tsabtarsu. Bayan kowace abinci, dabbobi suna ba da minti 20-30 don tsabtace kansu da tarkace abinci da datti.
Me yasa belar pola ta zama kore?
Greenanan ƙaramin algae a wasu lokutan za su zauna a cikin dutsen da ke tattare da polar belar. Lokacin da dabbar ta kasance cikin yanayi mai laima, algae za ta fara ninkawa da fenti mayafin dabbar beyar a launin kore.
Laranyen beyar suna a saman sarkar abinci kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin ruwa. Tun shekaru aru aru, sun kasance mahimmin bangare na al'adu da tattalin arziƙin jama'ar Arctic. Maƙiyin wannan beyar a cikin yanayi shine mutum. Mafarautan baƙar fata sun sanya wannan dabba a kan ƙwanƙolin lalata. Sabili da haka, polar bear yana cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN a ƙarƙashin matsayin nau'in mai lahani.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Paws na musamman
Oshkuy, Nanuk, Umka - shi ke nan shi ne, belar pola. Pomors, Eskimos da Chukchi sun ba shi sunaye daban-daban, amma duk sun yarda da abu ɗaya: wannan shine ainihin mai mallakar Arctic.
Yanayi ya ba da umurni don na biyu (bayan hawan maciji) mafi ƙarancin ƙasa na duniya yana zaune a yankuna na duniya. Amma ta kula da “kayan aikinta” yadda yakamata, godiya ga wanda beyar, watakila, bai ma san irin yanayin yanayin rayuwar da yake ciki ba. Takeauki launi iri ɗaya - fari: yana sa ba'a iya ganin umka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman yayin farauta. Kayan rigar 'yar tsana yana da laushi - tare da daskararru mai ɗumbin yawa. Bawai kawai yana kare jikin dabbar ba daga rigar cikin ruwan sanyi, amma yana riƙe da zafi. Kuma subcutaneous Layer na mai - daga 10 zuwa 15 cm - yana hana dabbar daskarewa, koda zazzabi iska ta faɗi ƙasa da 45 ° C. Hatta maɗaɗan kumburin polar bears an rufe shi da ulu, wanda ke yin ayyuka biyu lokaci ɗaya: yana ba ku damar "sanya ƙafafunku dumu" kuma yana taimaka wa dabbobi kada su zame. Don haka ba su barazanar shimfiɗa kan kankara. Masu tsinkaye suna kashe yawancin rayuwarsu akan daskarar kankara, wanda wani lokacin yakan kai su zuwa gabar Iceland ko kuma Tekun Okhotsk da Tekun Japan. Kuma domin komawa ga al'adunsu na yau da kullun, dole ne su yi doguwar tafiya zuwa arewa. Ta hanyar ƙasa, waɗannan kwarin suna rufe kilomita 5,5 a awa ɗaya, amma idan ka yanke shawarar guduwa, sai su hanzarta haɓaka saurin 40 kilomita / h. A ruwa, suna da sauri. Godiya ga membrane na yin iyo tsakanin yatsunsu, farin bears na iya iyo da sauri 6.5 km / h. Binciko ganima, ba shi da wata ma'ana don shawo kan kilomita 160 ta ruwa, kuma kowane mai iya yin hassada da iyawar kasancewa ƙarƙashin ruwa: minti 2 ba tare da iska ba!
Kama hatimi, ƙarami da babba
Wanda ya mallaki Arctic ya kashe rabin ransa. Kuma babu damuwa idan ya inganta ba tare da nasara ba: umka na iya yin abinci ba tare da wata daya ba. Gaskiyar ita ce bayan azumin kwanaki 10, sai metabolism dinsa ya sauka a hankali - daidai har sai abincin ya sake shiga ciki. Abincin da aka saba da shi na mai ƙaddara ya ƙunshi ɗimbin hatimi, hatimi na zobe, walruses da sauran dabbobin ruwa. A zaman daya, beyar ya ci daga kilo 10 zuwa 25 na nama. Godiya ga kyakkyawan ƙanshin, ji da gani, bears na iya gano ganima, da nisanta shi tsawon kilomita da dama. Ko da lokacin farin ciki kankara ba ya hana su ƙoshin abinci.
Theaƙƙarfan bera yana da haƙuri, zai iya zama na tsawon kwanaki a rami, yana tsare ganima. Da zarar hatimin ya fitar da kan sa daga cikin ruwa, ragin beyar ya faɗo bisa kansa da ƙarfi. Da kyau, idan hatiman suna zaune kan kankara, to bear zata sami karfin juya ta. Zai iya zama mafi wahala a gare shi ya jimre da walrus: ba zai iya shawo kansu da ruwa ba.
Wani lokaci, idan da dama daga cikin beluga Whales ko narwhals suka tara a cikin wani rami mai daskarewa, ya kasance mai sa'a ne sosai: baya jira har sai sun mutu babu makawa, yakan kashe su daya bayan daya, yana jan su zuwa tudu ya sanya gawawwakin a ajiye. Kayan baya ƙin ɗaukar kaya. Bear da ke jin yunwar za ta ci komai: ɓarna, kifi mai mutu, ƙwai tsuntsu, kajin har ma da algae Umka, wanda ke zaune kusa da gidajen mutane, za ta kai hari kantin kayayyakin abinci na balaguro daga polar don neman abinci kuma tabbas za ta binciki sharar sharar. Kuma samun abincin rana, cikin rabin sa'a zai tsabtace gashin kansa daga ragowar abinci da sauran datti. Neman tsabta a cikin jininsa.
Mafarkin hunturu
Gashinan karyar polar bera ne ba ya halalta. Suna haƙa ƙananan ramuka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kawai a cikin iska mai ƙarfi don ɓoyewa daga yanayin. Kadai masu cin abincin su kawai suna da “mazaunin” su - waɗanda ke jiran zuriyarsu - da kuma mazan maza, waɗanda ke ƙaruwa da wahala cikin shekaru, don haka sun gwammace su yi barci. Kuma waɗanda ƙarami da freer ba su fada cikin rashin himma, kawai a cikin hunturu su metabolism sauka a hankali.
Matan da ke da juna biyu suna buƙatar bacci: kwanaki 130 suna bacci, kuma duk wannan lokacin ba sa ci ko cin nasara. Urea an san shi mai guba ne, amma microflora na hanji na polar yana aiwatar da shi don samar da amino acid masu amfani. Ita kuma matar da ake haihuwar ba lallai ne ta sha ruwa ba yayin fitar gashi, tana buƙatar ɗayan da aka samu yayin aiwatar da kitsen mai. Daga ramin dusar ƙanƙara, an zaɓi mace don zama mai zurfin gaske, da rasa asara ba kawai, har ma 20% na yawan ƙwayar tsoka. Duk wani mai rai kawai zai iya motsawa saboda ƙwayar tsoka. Amma masanan kimiyya sun gano cewa bears “horo” ne - koyaushe a mafarki. Ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, sun ƙaddara: yayin hibernation a cikin dabba, wasu sassan jikin mutum lokaci-lokaci suna zafi, wanda ke nuna tashin hankali na tsoka. A lokaci guda, bugun zuciya na beyar yana raguwa, yana kwararawar jini yana rauni.
Kauna soyayya
Laraunar bears shine loners ta yanayi. Suna da nutsuwa sosai game da juna kuma suna neman tsaka tsaki. Amma ba a lokacin tarawar ba. Wani lokacin mace tana tare da har zuwa maza bakwai, wanda a ciki, ba shakka, rikici ke faruwa. Gaskiya ne, da zaran uwargidan ta ƙare a cikin estrus (kuma yana wuce kwana uku kawai), maza za su rasa sha'awarta. Don haka beyar yana gina kogon da kanta: ana ɗaukarta a watan Oktoba, kuma a tsakiyar Nuwamba tuni ta fara komawa sabuwar mazauni. Yawancin lokaci beyar yana ɗaukar wani wuri a kan tuddai, ya kwanta ya jira babban dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma yana kwance har sai an rufe shi da farin dusar ƙanƙara. Daga nan sai ta narke wani karamin kogo wani bangare tare da numfashinta, a hankali tana kwashe dusar ƙanƙara tare da dabbobin. Hakanan yana samun damar zuwa farfajiya. Wasu matan matan fari sun tono kogo a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa kusa da tudu wanda saboda bazara hanyar zuwa ruwa ba ta ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Mace ta fara gina rami a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, sannan kuma a zurfin kimanin nisan mil ya rami kogo. A cikin irin wannan "ɗakin" zafin jiki koyaushe yana sama da sifiri. Wannan kyakkyawan asibiti ne na mata masu juna biyu. Suna haihuwar kowace shekara 2-3, ba tare da yawansu ba ya wuce uku uku - 500 grams, makafi kuma kusan ba tare da gashi ba. Amma godiya ga masu nono masu wadatarwa da wadataccen abinci, da sauri suna samun ƙarfi kuma a cikin watanni biyu sun fara yin gajeren lokaci. Kuma a wata uku da haihuwa zasu je suyi Arctic tare da mahaifiyarsu, wanda, a hanya, ya ciyar da su "nono" har zuwa shekaru 1.5.
Magani don scurvy
A polar bear ba shi da abokan gaba na halitta. Babban haɗarin bears shine mutane. Kuma ba koyaushe bane masu shela. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawancin balaguron balaguro ya faru a cikin scurvy, wanda aka taimaka ta jini. Mai binciken polar Julius Payer, yayin da yake magana game da balaguron Austro-Hongeriyanci zuwa Franz Josef Land (1872-1874), ya rubuta cewa a wannan lokacin sun kashe beran 67, ya ce: “huhu da cinya hudu an yi niyya ne ga teburin jama'a, an gabatar da harshe ga likita, kuma Mai dafa abinci ya karɓi zuciya. Jinin bear ya tafi don amfanin marasa lafiyar marassa lafiya, an jefa kashin da hakarkarin a karnukan. Hanta mai cutarwa ga lafiya (saboda yawan aiki tare da bitamin A. - Auth). An jefa shi cikin ruwa, kwakwalwar ta hau teburin da ke cikin ɗakin, kitse ta tafi ganga ta musamman. " Kuma a cikin 1912, Nikolai Pinegin, wani memba na balaguron Sedov, ya tunatar da cewa: “Duk mutane masu lafiya da marasa lafiya suna shan zina mai zafi. Har ya zuwa yau ban zama mai kashe masu jini ba, amma a yau na yaba wa wannan ruwa sosai, ba tare da bayar da bayyanar cewa abin kyama ne a gare ni ba. Na sani cewa a matsayinmu na jini shine mafi kyawun warkar da cuta. "
A yau, sa'a, babu buƙatar irin wannan magani. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa bear yana da lafiya. Duk da haramcin, kuma an jera belar polar, alal misali, a cikin littafin Red na Rasha, masu ba da fatawa suna kashe kusan mutane 150 kowace shekara. Kuma duk da cewa akwai kawai 25,000 daga gare su bar a cikin duniya ... littleari kaɗan, kuma za mu yi ihu cikin maraice: "[Shin kai ne, umka?"
Asalin jinsin
Da farko, ana tsammanin cewa ɗan tsintsiya madaidaiciya ya rabu da launin ruwan kasa da kimanin shekaru dubu 45-150 da suka wuce, tabbas a ƙasar Ireland ta zamani. Koyaya, wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa wata karamar pola ta rabu da magabata daya tare da bera mai launin fari 338–934 shekaru dubu da suka gabata (kimanin shekaru dubu 600 da suka shude), da kuma shekaru 100-120 da suka shude sakamakon giciye-nauye na jinsin, sun yi matukar birgeshi, sakamakon hakan Dukkanin furannin zamani duk zuriyarsu ne.
Irƙira da polar da bera da beraye ya faru tsawon lokaci, sakamakon abin da 2% (a cikin wasu alƙaluma, daga 5 zuwa 10%) na polar bears 'kayan gado ana samun su ne a cikin launin ruwan ƙasa. Lara Poan itace da launin ruwan kasa suna haɓaka zuriya masu yawa, saboda suna da asali. Bayan haka, ba za su iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci a tsarin halittun juna ba; suna da dabi'un dabbobi daban-daban, yanayin rayuwa, tsarin rayuwa, da sauran haruffan dabi'a, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabe su azaman nau'ikan daban-daban.
Bayyanar
Laraunar polar ita ce mafi girman wakilcin dangin bear da kuma umarnin hukunci. Tsawonta ya kai 3 m, nauyi har zuwa t 1. Yawancin lokaci maza sunkai kilogiram 450-500, tsayin jiki 200-250 cm. Matan suna da karancin nauyi (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Tsawan tsinkaye a ƙasan 130-150 cm. Ana samun ƙananan bears akan Svalbard, mafi girma - a cikin Tekun Bering.
An bambanta belar pola daga wasu bears ta dogon wuya da kuma lebur. Fatar jikinta baƙar fata ce. A launi da Jawo gashi ya bambanta daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda, a lokacin rani Jawo na iya juya launin rawaya saboda ɗaukarwar kullun zuwa hasken rana. Gashin akuyar bela bashi da launi, kuma gashi ba komai. Haihuwa mai jujjuyawa tana aika sakon haske ne kawai, yana ba da kayan kwalliyar uluwan zafi. A cikin hoton daukar hoto, polar bears ta bayyana duhu. Sakamakon tsarin gashin gashi, 'yar tsana ta kan iya zama “wani lokacin kore”. Wannan na faruwa ne a cikin wani yanayi mai zafi (a cikin zoos), lokacinda algae microscopic algae ya sami rauni a cikin ulu.
Hannun ƙafafun suna tare da ulu don kada su zame kan kankara kuma ba daskarewa. Tsakanin yatsun akwai membrane na iyo, kuma gaban paws ɗin an datse su da taushi. Manyan takun-ƙaunun na iya ja da baya koda da ƙarfi.
Tabar wajen zama
Lararancin furanni suna zaune a cikin Arctic, Greenland da kuma yankunan arewacin Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. Sun gwammace su zauna a cikin wurin da kankara ke buɗe ruwa. Wadannan dabbobin suna dacewa sosai ga rayuwa cikin yanayin Arctic mai zafi. Fuskokinsu mai kauri da dogaye ko fure mai launin shuɗi suna bayar da kyakkyawan kariya daga sanyi.
Bayanin da fasali
Girman wannan dabbar bear ya wuce zaki da damisa. Inda akwai ƙwararrun masu ba da izini ga dabbar mu ta Rasha! Tsawonsa ya kai mita 3. Kodayake mafi yawan lokuta 2-2.5 a taro na polar bear kusan rabin ton. Wani saurayi mai nauyin kilogram 450-500. Mata suna da yawa sosai. Weight daga 200 zuwa 300 kilogiram. Tsawon jikin daga 1.3 zuwa 1.5 m.
Tsawon dabbar dabbar da ta fi yawan lokaci ya kai 1.4 m. Coloarfin dabbar yana daidai da waɗannan masu girma dabam. Misalai suna da yawa yayin da beyar ta kwashe babban wanda aka kashe, mai maimaitawa ko kuma walrus.
Har ila yau mafi haɗari shine rashin ma'anar wannan dabbar, wanda har ma yana da wuyar yarda, an ba ta nauyi. Fitowar sa ya banbanta da sauran beyar. Da farko dai, fari fari. Maimakon haka, gashinsa ya fara daga fari zuwa haske zuwa rawaya. A cikin hunturu ya fi sauƙi, a lokacin rani yana jujjuyawar launin rana.
Polar bear a cikin hoto Ya zama mafi ban sha'awa ga tushen asalin wuraren buɗe wurare. Fitowarsa a nan kusan haɗuwa tare da dusar kankara, hanci baki da idanu guda sun fito daga kan gaba ɗaya. Ya bayyana sarai yadda amfanin wannan dabbar yayi fari.
Ba kamar talakawa ba, bashi da rayayyen jiki, amma “mai biye”. Dogon wuya, kai mai kaifi, dogon hanci da santsi. Akwai shaidun cewa zai iya jin ƙyamar abin da aka nema ko da a ƙarƙashin daskararren kankara tsawon mita.
Yanayinta sun kula da “kayan” sa, an ba shi mummunan yanayin polar. Mayafinsa mai kauri ne da tsayi; Gashi sun yi laushi, sun bar su cikin haskoki na rana.
Kuma fata a jikin rigar tana da duhu, kuma tana sama da kyau, tana riƙe da zafi. Kafafuwan masu ƙaddara suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna ƙare tare da manyan paws. Kadarorinsa su yi ta yawo da ulu don kada ya zamewa mutane kuma ba ya daskarewa.
Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu, suna taimaka masa iyo. An rufe farfajiyar gaban paws tare da bristles mai tsauri. Manyan kusoshin suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashinsa, waɗanda suke ba ku damar kama kuli ku riƙe ganima har sai kun isa ta tare da haƙoranku.
Jaws suna da yawa, suna da kyau sosai, akwai hakora 42. Tailarancin bears yana da ƙanana, daga cm 7 zuwa 13. A zahiri ba a ganuwa a ƙarƙashin dogon gashi a ƙarshen baya.
An bambanta dabbar ta hanyar haƙurin da dattako. Kasancewa dangi na kusa da bera mai ruwan kasa, ba shi da ƙaya. Zai iya yin sauri da gajiyawa har zuwa 6 km a kan ƙasa, yana hanzarta zuwa 40 km / h, kafin hakan, a haƙuri haƙuri wanda aka azabtar. Sneaks sama da kyau, cikin wayo zaɓi lokacin da ya dace, ta amfani da unevenness na ƙasa, harin da mamaki da sauri.
Yana iyo kuma ya yi cikakken rayuwa. Kuna iya yin iyo a wata tsattsauran ra'ayi mai zurfi, a saurin sauri zuwa 7 km / h. Manyan jiragen ruwa, wadanda ke tafiya a tekun arewacin tsibirin, sun gamu da ajiyan wake da yawa a cikin tekun da ke nesa da bakin tekun.
Toara wannan duka wannan babban ƙarfin hali na malamin polar da mummunar mummunar barna, kuma zai zama sananne dalilin da ya sa a cikin latitude arewa duk rayuwa tana tsoron wannan azzalumi. Kaɗan daji ne kawai, dauke da manyan mayaƙa masu tsayi, suka shiga yaƙi tare da beyar ta arewa. Shi kuwa mutumin, yana ɗaukar bindigogi, shima ya yi kira ga dabbar. Kodayake, wannan ɗayan dalilai ne na ɓatar da dabba mai ban mamaki.
Munyi la'akari da kusancin dangi na polar beari kamar beari ne, bear mai ɗaukar nauyi, beyar Malay, bears (bears bea), bear Himalayan da panda. Duk waɗannan bears suna da ikon gani, suna hawa sosai, iyo, gudu da sauri, na iya tsayawa suyi tafiya na ɗan lokaci a kan kafafunsu na baya.
Suna da dogon sutura mai kauri, gajeren wutsiya mai kamshin gaske. Hanci wata aba ce mai matukar kulawa a garesu. Beeaya daga cikin kudan zuma ƙyallen hanci a cikin hanci na iya jagorantar maharmar har abada.
Brown bear shine shahararren wakilin wannan rukunin. An rarraba shi a kan yankin Eurasia mai cikakken iko - daga Spain zuwa Kamchatka, daga Lapland zuwa Dutsen Atlas.
Akwai ƙananan karkacewa daga nau'in gaba ɗaya (jan bebi, roan - Syria), amma ba su da mahimmanci. Tana riƙe da siffarta kwatankwacin yanayin mazauninta: babba (har zuwa 2 m tsawon, nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 300), mai nauyi, kwancen kafa. Mayafin yana da kauri, launin ruwan kasa a launi, kuma babba yana da girma.
Gwajin yana da haɗari, amma ba halin ɓarna ba. Yanayin wannan dabbar ta samo asali ne daga ƙaunar zaman lafiya da ɓarna. Bearan akuya ko bera mai wari suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Suna kiransa cike da damuwa. Ya fi girma fiye da takwaransa launin ruwan ƙasa, ya kai 2.5 m, mai nauyi (har zuwa kilogiram 400) kuma ya fi ƙarfin wannan.
Dogon jikinsa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yatsun lebur mai fadi da babban paws dauke da makamai masu ƙarfi har zuwa 12 cm a tsaka. Wannan maƙiyin, ba kamar na farkon ba, mai tsoro ne, mayaudara.
Tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro suna tafiya da halinsa. Kamar ba ya yin fitarwa, cutar da shi ko a'a. Ya ishe shi ganin mutum ya doke shi. Yana da wuyar ɓoyewa daga gare shi; yana gudu da sauri yana iyo sosai.
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa mutanen Abzinawa na Arewacin Amurka sunyi la'akari da matsayin ƙarfin da irin wannan abokin gaba shine babban matsayin mutum. Wadanda suka ci nasara da shi kuma suka sanya kansu abun wuya kasusuwa da hakora na wani tsananin tsananin bege sun sami girmamawa sosai a kabila
Mafi girman halin wannan dangin nasu, wani ɗan Amurkan bera ne, ko bera mai baƙi. Yana da fuska mai kyau, yana da dan kadan fiye da grizzly, yana da gajerun kafafu da dogon wuya mai launi mai kyau.
Daya daga cikin wakilan beyar Asiya ita ce dutsen Himalayan. Jafananci suna kiransa Kuma, Indiyawan - Balu da Zonar. Jikin sa ya fi na 'yan uwansa girma, gemunsa yana nuna, goshinsa da hancinsa suna layi madaidaiciya.
Kunnuwa suna da girma kuma zagaye, ƙafafunsu gajeru ne, ƙusoshin suma gajere ne, kodayake suna da ƙarfi. Jawo gashi baki daya mai launi, yana da farin tsiri a kirji. Girma har zuwa 1.8 m, kuma duk kusan 110-115 kg. Ya yi kama da launin ruwan kasa ɗaya a cikin rayuwar sa, kawai yafi tsoro.
Ana samun berayen Malay, ko Biruang, a cikin Indochina da Babban tsibirin Sunda. Yana da tsawo, m, kansa yana da manyan m, manyan kunnuwa da idanu mara nauyi.
Babban paws na dispropropros kawo karshen tare da karfi claws. Mayafin yana da baki, tare da haske rawaya mai haske akan ƙyalli da kirji. Thanasa da wasu, tsayi har zuwa 1.5 m, nauyi har zuwa 70 kg. Abinda aka fi so shine tsire-tsire na kwakwa.
Kuma a ƙarshe, panda shine bera bear. Kodayake wasu sun yi ƙoƙari su ba shi matsayi tsakanin raccoon. Yana zaune a China. Launi na baki ne da fari, sanannen baƙi baki da ke kewaye da idanu. Kunnuwa da paws baki ne. Zai iya kaiwa mita 1.5 a tsawonsa, kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 150. Ya fi son cin 'ya'yan itacen harbe. Alama ce ta kasar Sin.
Yaɗa
Tana zaune a yankuna masu faɗi a cikin arewacin hemisphere na duniya.
Rarraba ko'ina, zuwa arewa - har zuwa 88 ° C. w. , kudu - zuwa Newfoundland, a kan tuddai - a hamadar Arctic zuwa tundra yankin. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, suna zaune ne a yankin Chukotka mai cin gashin kansa a gabar tekun Arctic, kazalika a cikin ruwan Chukchi da Bering Seas. Ana daukar yawan pola na Chukchi mafi girma a duniya.
Ina ne polar bear yake zaune?
Lariririn pola yana rayuwa ne a yankuna na kewayen arewacin hemisphere, amma wannan baya nuna cewa dabba tana rayuwa a duk inda babu dusar ƙanƙarar Arctic. Yawancin bears ba sa wuce digiri 88 a arewa, amma mafi girman batun rarraba su a kudu shine Tsibirin Newfoundland, wanda fewan tsirarun mutane ke jefa rayukansu cikin haɗari yau da kullun, suna ƙoƙarin yin ma'amala da mai haɗari.
Mazauna yankunan Arctic da tundra na Rasha, Greenland, Amurka da Kanada suma sun kware da farin bera. Yawancin dabbobi suna zaune a yankuna masu iyo, ruwa kankara, inda sharan fata da walrus ma suke zama. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya ganin beyar kusa da babban katako, a gefen abin da yake daskarewa cikin tsammanin hatimi ko hatimin fur ɗin da yake tashi daga zurfin.
Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance ainihin inda babban abin da pola yake zaune. Mafi yawan al'ummomin waɗannan dabbobin an ambaci suna da babban ɗinsu. Saboda haka, mafi yawan masu hasashen sun fi son:
- yankin gabashin gabas na tekun Kara da gabashin Siberiya, ruwan sanyi na Tekun Laptev, tsibirin Novosibirsk da Novaya Zemlya tarin tsibiri (yawan jama'ar Laptev), gabar tekun Barents, tsibirin Kogin Kara, tsibirin Novaya Zemlya tarin tsibiri, Frans Joseph da Spitsbergen Land Ba , Tekun Chukchi, wani yanki na arewa na Bahar Bering, gabashin Tekun Gabas, Tekun Wrangel da Herald tsibirin (yawan Chukchi-Alaskan).
Kai tsaye a cikin Arctic, farin bears ba kasada ba ne, an fi son a sami ruwa mafi kyau da kuma bakin ruwa, a inda suke da damar rayuwa. Gidajen yana da canji kuma yana da alaƙa da iyakokin dusar kankara. Idan Arctic bazara ta ja, kuma kankara ta fara narkewa, to dabbobin zasu kusanci gungume. Da farko lokacin sanyi, sai su dawo kudu, sun fifita bangarorin bakin teku masu kankara da manyan yankuna.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Larudaran wake masu zurfi suna zama a cikin yankunan pola na arewacin hemisphere na duniya. Ya kasance mazaunin lamuran kankara na Arewa. A Rasha, ana iya gani a gabar tekun Arctic na Chukotka, a cikin tekun Chukchi da Bering Seas.
Yawan jama'arta na Chukchi yanzu shine mafi girma a duniya. Dangane da bincike, manyan wakilai suna zaune a Tekun Barents, ƙananan mutane suna zaune kusa da tsibirin Spitsbergen. Tsammani game da tambayoyi masu yuwu, muna sanar daku cewa ba a samun polar bear a cikin Antarctica. Garin mahaifarsa shine Arctic.
Mai mallakar arewa yana zaune wurare kusa da ruwa. Za a iya iyo a kan ruwa da kankara a kankara. Yana yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi tare da canje-canje a cikin iyakar kankara kankara: a lokacin rani yana tashi tare da su kusa da gindin itace, a cikin hunturu ya dawo fage. Don hunturu ya ta'allaka ne cikin kogo.
Yawancin lokaci mata sukan shiga cikin matsalar rashin fata, yayin da suke jiran haihuwar san. A wannan lokacin da suke kokarin ba su motsa, don kada su cutar da zuriya a nan gaba. Saboda haka rashin himma. Yana wuce kwana 80-90. Maza da sauran mata basa tsammanin zuriya zasu iya wasu lokuta hibernate, amma ba tsawon lokaci ba kuma kowace shekara.
Gashi kyakkyawar iyo ce, kuma tsananin farin gashi yana kare ta daga ruwan sanyi. Har ila yau, lokacin farin ciki mai kitse na kitse yana taimakawa kariya daga sanyi. Dabbar tana iya ɓoye cikin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, tana jin motsi na tsawon kilomita da yawa, kusan ba shi yiwuwa ya tsere ko yin iyo daga shi.
Makarfin mata na farko suna ta tsoratar da su da tatsuniyar wannan dabbar. Sun ce bai yi wata-wata ba wajen shiga jiragen ruwan da suka daskarewa a cikin kankara domin samun abinci.
Sun dauki bakuncin wani kamfani a cikin jirgin ruwan, babu tsoro ga masu jirgin. An maimaita kai hari sansanonin hunturu, sun lalata gidajen matafiya, suka fasa rufin, suna ƙoƙarin fashewa ciki.
Koyaya, labaru daga baya masu bincike na polar sun riga sun ambaci mummunan wannan dabbar. Koda ba tare da makami ba, mutum zai iya ihu da babbar murya don ya tsoratar da dabbar har ya tsere. Jin shuru na dusar kankara ya koya masa tsoron tsawa.
Dabba mai rauni kullun tana gudu. Yana ɓoye cikin dusar ƙanƙara don warkarwa. Koyaya, idan mutum ya yanke shawarar kai hari kan sandunan ko ya shiga ramin dabbar, ya zama babban abokin gaba. Sannan ko da bindiga bai hana shi ba.
Shi mai hankali ne kuma mai neman ilimi, amma ba matsoraci ba. Suna cewa hakan, bayan sun yi tuntuɓe a kan farin beyar, mutane suka gudu. Kuma sai maharbi ya fara bin su. A kan hanyar, sun jefa abubuwan su - huluna, safofin hannu, sandunansu, wani abu.
Dabbar tana tsayawa kowane lokaci kuma ta shawo kan abubuwan binciken, suna bincika kowane abu da son sani. Ba a bayyana ko beyar yana bin mutane ba, ko kuma yana sha'awar abubuwan yau da kullun. Sakamakon haka, godiya ne ga sha'awar maharbin da mutane suka yi nasarar tserewa daga gare ta.
Yawancin lokaci, bears suna zaune shi kaɗai, ba tare da ƙirƙirar manyan ƙungiyoyi na iyali ba. Kodayake a cikin tara karfi a tsakanin su an samar da matsayi da horo. Mafi girma maƙiyi koyaushe shine mafi mahimmanci. Dukda cewa suna da aminci ga juna. Kawai don cuban ƙananan, ,an bears na iya zama wani lokacin haɗari.
An ƙware shi a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, belar polar na iya rayuwa cikin nasara a kamo kuma ya saba da mutane. Suna buƙatar wanka akai-akai, har ma ya fi dacewa su yi birgima a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Game da abinci, babu wata matsala a wurinsu, tunda suna cin komai - nama, kifi, da zuma. Tare da sauran gemun da aka kama, suna da kyau marasa kulawa. A cikin tsufa sun zama mai saurin fushi. An san akwatunan cewa sun rayu zuwa shekaru 25-30 har ma sun ninka.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Tana zaune a kan dusar kankara da kankara a teku, inda take kan babban abincin ta: zoben zobe, zirin teku, walrus da sauran dabbobin ruwa. Yana kama su, yana tsalle daga bayan mafaka, ko kusa da ramuka: da zaran dabbar ta fitar da kai daga cikin ruwa, sai beyar ta fasa abin da take ci tare da dunƙule ta zama kan kankara. Wani lokacin yakan kankara kankara kan abin da hatimin yake a ƙasa. Walrus ne kawai za'a iya zartar da shi akan ƙasa. Wani lokacin ma yakan kai hari ga dabbobin doluga da ke cikin kankara. Da farko, yana cinye fatar da kitsen, ragowar gawa - kawai idan akwai tsananin yunwar. Ragowar ganima suna cinye dawakai. A wasu lokutan, masu ɗaukar kaya, lemomi, kifi mai mutu, ƙwai da kajin, na iya cin ciyawa da kuma tsiren ruwan teku, a ci sharar gida a wuraren zama. Laifukan 'yan fashin kayayyakin sayar da abinci na safarar ababen hawa an san su. Daga ganima, kuli-kuli mai karɓar ƙwayar Vitamin A sosai, wanda yake tarawa a cikin hanta.
Yana yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi daidai da canje-canje na shekara-shekara a cikin iyakar kankara na pola: a lokacin rani yana komawa kusa da gungume tare da su, a cikin hunturu yana motsa kudu, shiga cikin babban birni. Kodayake ana kiyaye polar bears a bakin teku da kankara, a cikin hunturu tana iya kwanciya cikin kogo a kan tsibiri ko kuma tsibiran, wani lokacin kilomita 50 daga teku.
Mace masu juna biyu yawanci suna fadawa cikin rashin bacci na tsawon kwanaki 50-80. Maza da mata na bazara suna hibernate na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ba shekara-shekara.
Duk da jinkirin da ake nunawa, berar polar tana da sauri da tsufa har ma da tudu, kuma cikin saukin iyo ruwa a ciki. Ya yi kauri sosai, yana da kyau sosai yana kare jikin beyar daga sanyi da sanyaya cikin ruwan kankara. Matsayi mai mahimmanci na daidaitawa yana aiki ne ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfan murfin subcutaneous mai har zuwa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki. Farin launi yana taimakawa rufe maharbin. Harshen wari, ji da gani suna haɓaka da kyau - bears na iya ganin ganimarsa na tsawon kilomita da yawa, hatimin zoben na iya jin warin 800 m, kuma, kasancewa kai tsaye a kusa da inda yake, yana jin ƙaramar motsawa. Dangane da abin tunawa da Mataimakin Admiral A.F.Smelkov, kwayar berayen ruwa da ke biye da ita tana iya yin saurin zirga-zirga zuwa 3.5 (kusan kilomita 6.5 / h). Rikodin da aka yi rikodin bera ya kasance kilomita 685, an ɗauke shi tare da ruwan beaufort, yana iyo daga Alaska zuwa arewacin don ɗaukar kankara don farautar hatimin. Yayin da ta yi kwana tara, be-nata ta rasa danta mai shekara daya kuma ta yi asarar 20%. An lura da motsin dabbar ta hanyar amfani da bel ɗin GPS a haɗe.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Dabbobi kaɗai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna da aminci cikin danganta da juna, amma ruɗani yakan faru ne tsakanin maza yayin lokacin dabbar [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 1099 ba ]. Maza manya za su iya kai hari a kan sandar
Race daga Maris zuwa Yuni. 3-4 maza yawanci bi mace a cikin estrus. A watan Oktoba, mace ta tono rami a cikin dusar ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara. Arsa havean wake suna da wuraren da aka fi so inda ake taruwa don ppan kuyai, alal misali, game da. Wrangel ko Franz Josef Land, inda akwai namba 150-200 a kowace shekara. Bears zauna a cikin tsakiyar Nuwamba, lokacin da latent mataki na ciki ƙare. Duk tsawon lokacin haila kwana 230-250 ne, 'ya' yansu bayyana a tsakiyar ko karshen lokacin hunturu na Arctic. Matar ta kasance cikin ɓoyewar har zuwa Afrilu.
Larayoyin polar suna da ƙarancin kiwo: mace ta fara haihuwar tana da shekaru 4-8, tana haihuwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3 kuma tana da 1-3a 1-3an 1-3 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, don haka kawo sama da 10-15aya 10-15 a rayuwarta. Jariri wanda ba shi da taimako, kamar kowane bears, kuma yana da adadin 450 zuwa 750. Bayan watanni 3, mace ta bar ramin tare da ita kuma ta ci gaba da rayuwar yawo. Cubaƙatan suna tare da ita har tsawon shekara 1.5, duk wannan lokacin beyar tana ciyar da su da madara. Mutuwar tsakanin san sandar ya kai 10-30%.
Tsawon rayuwa mafi ƙarancin shekaru 25-30, a zaman fursuna rikodin tsawon rai shine shekaru 45. Polar bears sami damar hada da launin ruwan kasa da ba da m (iya samar da zuriya) hybrids - na iyakacin duniya grizzlies.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Mazauna yankin Arctic, alal misali, Eskimos, suna samun bear don kare fata da nama. A Rasha, an dakatar da farautarsa tun 1956, a wasu ƙasashe (Amurka, Kanada da Greenland) yana da iyaka. Misali abubuwan da aka bayar don samar da polar bear a duk fadin yankin Kanuna na Nunavut sune kamar haka: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 .
Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya
An jera polar bear a cikin Littafin Duniya na Red Ruwa da kuma a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Sannu a hankali da ƙarancin mace-mace ƙaramar dabbobi ke sa wannan dabbar da sauƙi.
Tun daga 1957, bisa ga umarnin Majalisar Ministocin RSFSR, an gabatar da dokar hana yawo da bear polar. A Tsibirin Wrangel a shekarar 1960, an kirkiro ajiyar kaya, an sake tsara shi a shekarar 1976 zuwa Tsarin Tsibirin na Wrangel.
A shekarar 2014, an ƙididdige yawan jama'a (a cikin duniya) a cikin mutum 20,000 - 25,000.
A cikin 2008, tare da goyon baya na Gwamnatin Rasha, an fara aiki a kan shirye-shirye da yawa da suka danganci nazarin ƙwararrun dabbobi musamman ma na Rasha, gami da shirin Polar Bear. Tun daga shekara ta 2010, theungiyar Geasa da ke Russianasar Rasha ke tallafawa wannan aikin.
A Rasha, akwai polar pola dubu 5, kuma harbe-harben shekara-shekara yana daga mutane 150 zuwa 200. Sakamakon raguwar ƙimar garin Dixon, yawan wargajewar ɗan belar ya ɗan ragu kaɗan. A cikin zamanin Pleistocene, kusan shekaru dubu 100 da suka shude, mafi yawan ƙasashen da ke da girman girma ya kasance wanda ya fi girma.
A cikin 2013, an kiyasta yawan ofan bear a Rasha ya kai kimanin mutane 5-6 dubu. Bayan shekara ta 2018, ana shirin aiwatar da cikakken lissafi na bears a cikin Rasha.
Kai hari kan mutane
Yawancin hare-hare na polar bear da aka yiwa mutane ya zama sananne daga bayanan sanarwa da rahotanni na matafiya masu iya aikawa. Don haka, mahalarta shirin balaguron jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwan Holland mai suna Willem Barents, yayin lokacin hunturursu a Novaya Zemlya a watan Nuwamba 1596 - Mayu 1597, an daɗa tilasta su yin yaƙi da musar da kai hare hare.
Matsa cikin wuraren da akwai haɗarin beyar, ya zama dole tare da taka tsantsan. A cikin ƙauyuka a cikin irin waɗannan wurare yakamata a sami 'yan kaɗan na abin da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙasa da kuma sauƙin isar da ƙarancin abincin da ke jan hankalin bera.
A cikin garin Churchill da ke lardin Manitoba na Kanada, wanda kusa da beke da yawa ke zaune, akwai kurkuku na musamman don riƙe bears na ɗan lokaci kusa da birni kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga mazaunansa.
A al'ada
A matsayinka na babban mutum mai iko, mai iko a wasu lokuta, mai hadari ne ga dan Adam, dolar tutar dadewa wani hali ne da ake girmamawa a tsakanin al'umman asalin Arewa.A cikin ayyukan da aka yi amfani da shi na fasahar Chukchi - sassaka zane a kan kasusuwa da warkokin walrus - daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so shine aikin art na maharbi mai farauta. umka.
A cikin tatsuniyoyi da al'adun Eskimos, belar polar nanook Hakanan kwalliya ce wacce ta haifar da dawwamammen karfi na dabi'a, a cikin gwagwarmaya wacce namiji maharbi ya girma, farawarsa ya gudana. Wannan ra'ayin Eskimos game da bera yana daga cikin labarin marubucin Ba-Amurke Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."
A cikin labarin Leah Geraskina "A cikin ƙasar darussan da ba a koyar da su ba," polar bear tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ya yi asarar Poan Arewa saboda gaskiyar cewa Vitya Perestukin ba daidai ba ne ya ba da sunan yankunan yanki. A wasan karshe, lokacin da Vitya daidai sunanta bangarorin sauyin yanayi, beyar ta dawo zuwa yankin Arewa.
Tarihin littafin tarihin Dan Simmons na Tarihi na ta'addanci, wanda aka buga a cikin Amurka a cikin 2007, wanda aka sadaukar dashi ga bala'i na balaguron John Franklin (1845 zuwa 1848), ya bayyana halayyar tarihin camfin Eskimo mai launi Tuunbak - wani katon kwai na cannibal tare da tsawon mita 4 da fiye da tan yin nauyi.
Numismatics
- An nuna hoton dabbar da ta mutu a kan dutsen kankara mai iyo a kan tsabar kudin Tarayyar Kanada a cikin adadin $ 2. (tsabar kudin ya kasance tun daga ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, 1996 zuwa yanzu).
- Hoton wani babban polar bero a kan dusar kankara mai dusar kankara ya kasance a daya daga cikin ayyukan tuna-tsabar tsabar kudin dalar Amurka-kwata wacce aka yiwa jihar Alaska. Koyaya, aikin tare da hoton babban aikin tsunduma cikin kamun kifi (tsabar kudin ya kasance a cikin rarraba daga Agusta 23, 2008 har zuwa yau).
- Hoton wata 'yar tsana da kera da kuma teddy bera tana nan akan tsabar kudin Yuro 5 (tsabar farin ƙarfe da azurfa). Coins a cikin 2014 aka ba da izinin Austrian Mint.
"Umka" a cikin Chukchi na nufin beyar, ko kuma, daidai yadda ya kamata, "bege namiji polar bear"
Fim
- Umka (farin teddy bear) - halayyar fina-finai masu rai Umka, Umka tana neman aboki, da Umka a bishiyar Kirsimeti. Hakanan ya bayyana a majigin yara "Elka da Star Postman" da "Elka", sun riga sun zama halayyar sakandare kuma kakanin magabacin mutumin.
- Elka - wani farin zanen bege, halayyar fina-finan masu rai "Elka da Star Postman" da "Elka", jikan Umka.
- White Cloud (farin teddy bear) a cikin zane mai ban dariya "Mi-mi-bears." Asali daga Dogon Arewa. Mai hikima, mai hankali, yana son yanayi kuma yana kulawa da kiyayewa.
- Polar Bear ita ce babban halayyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya ta 1998, wanda ya danganta da littafin yara na Raymond Briggs iri ɗaya sunan.
- A cikin zane mai ban dariya "A cikin Lessasashen Koyan Ilmi", an kawo bela mai ba da labari. Kamar yadda yake a labarin, ya rasa Poan Arewa. Amma idan a cikin labarin bears ya bayyana akai-akai, to a cikin katangar ya bayyana sau ɗaya kawai. Bugu da kari, a cikin zane mai ban dariya, beyar ba zata sake dawowa da katako na Arewa ba.
- Yorek Birnison is an armored polar bear daga fim din The Golden Compass, wanda aka shirya fim din dangane da Philip Pulman trilogy Dark Beginnings.
- Bernard - belar pola, halayyar jerin jerin "Bernard".
- Farar fata (Ice bear) - sifofin jerin shirye-shiryen rayayyun Gaskiya game da bears.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Polar beardabbaan haife shi don farauta. Komai na amfana ne - kuma membranes akan ƙusoshin hutu, da kamshi mai kyau, da hangen nesa, da kyakkyawan ji. Yana gudu, tsalle, iyo, ya ɓata kansa. Halinsa na mafarauci ya zo na biyu ba ga Arewa ba.
Kowane halitta a gabanta na iya zama ganima. Ya yi farauta a ƙasa da cikin ruwa, ya ciyar da nama da kifi. Abin da aka fi so - abin rufe hatimi da kumburi. Yana da ikon jin ƙanshin su ta wurin kauri daga kan kankara, sannan ya yi haƙuri ya tsare ramin. Ko kuma kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Yana kashe ganima, sa’annan ya fara shan fatar da kitse. Wannan shine sashen da akafi so daga jikin ganima.
Kusan ba sa cin nama sabo, suna yin shirye-shirye don lokacin yunwar. Irin wannan menu yana taimaka musu su tara Vitamin A don tsira da sanyi da hunturu. Seals, matasa walruses, belugas, narwhals, kifi na iya zama wadanda ke farauta. A kan ƙasa, ya sami damar kama reindeer, wolf, foctic arctic.
Wani lokaci, a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara mai bazara, suna tono Tushen don yalwata abincin furotin. Don samun isasshen, yana buƙatar abinci har 7 kilogiram na abinci. Maƙiyan da ke jin yunwa na iya buƙatar kilogram 15.
Idan wanda aka azabtar ya sami nasarar tserewa daga gare shi, kuma bashi da ƙarfi don sabon farauta, to kifi, kaya, ƙwai, da kajin suna zuwa abinci. A lokacin yajin aiki na tilastawa ya zama yana da haɗari musamman. Zai iya yin yawo cikin karkarar ƙauyukan ɗan adam, yawo cikin datti, har ma ya kai wa wani hari.
Ba ya yin sakaci da alkama da ciyawa, da sauri yana kashe tara mai. Waɗannan sune mafi yawan watanni watanni na bazara, kimanin kwanaki 120. Abin da dabbar ta ci a wannan lokacin - ba ta ba da kanta ga rarrabuwa ba. Yana cin kusan komai.
A dabi'a, dabba ba ta da abokan gaba. Kawai walruses ne kawai ke iya tursasa shi da tsumman su. Kuma kananan san'yan na iya wahala daga fakitin karnukan karnuka ko karnuka. Babban haɗarin a gare shi shine kuma ya kasance mutum. Mazinata suna kashe shi saboda ɓoye da adon nama da yawa.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Gidajen sun girma don ƙirƙirar iyali ta shekaru 4. Mace sun girma fiye da maza a shekara ko biyu. Lokacin mating yana farawa a ƙarshen Maris kuma zai kasance har zuwa farkon watan Yuni. Bearaya daga cikin bear za a iya courted by da yawa masu nema. A wannan lokacin, mummunan fada don ƙauna ya tashi a tsakanin su. Koda ƙananan cuban sanduna na iya shan wahala idan sun faɗi cikin farillan shari'a.
Bears ya haifi bearan kimanin kwanaki 250, kusan watanni 8. Haihuwa tayi jinkiri daga tayi. Mahaifiyar da take fata ya kamata ta shirya sosai domin cigaban tayin da tsawan lokacin haila.
Wani wuri a ƙarshen Oktoba, tana shirya kayan aikinta. Dayawa sun haƙa ramin su kusa da waɗanda aka riga aka gina. Sannan ta yi barci. Kuma a tsakiyar Nuwamba, ci gaban tayi.
A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, mace ta farka, kuma an haifi 'ya'ya mata masu haihuwar' ya'ya 1-3. Suna ƙanana kaɗan, kowane yana ɗaukar kusan kilo kilogram. An haife su makaho, idanunsu a buɗe bayan wata ɗaya. Jikinsu ya lullube da ulu mai kauri, mara nauyi, wanda baya ceton su daga sanyi. Sabili da haka, beyar, ba tare da barin ko'ina ba, yana dumi su da zafi na makonnin farko.
Bayan wata biyu da haihuwa, sai su fara kamawa zuwa haske, kuma bayan wata daya sai su bar kogon. Koyaya, basuyi nisa da mama ba, yayin da suke ci gaba da shan madara. Gurinsu na haɗin gwiwa yana ɗaukar shekaru 1.5. Suna da matukar rauni yayin wannan lokacin ga masu farauta. Iyayen da suka balaga kawai zasu iya kare su.
Wani sabon ciki na iya faruwa a cikinsu sai bayan sun girma jarirai. Ko kuma idan sun mutu. Don haka, suna haihuwar zuriya sama da sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Femaleaya mace tana iya samar da yara kusan 15 a cikin rayuwarta gabaɗaya.
Polar bears live a cikin daji kusan shekara 20. Haka kuma, matsakaicin yawan mace-mace a cikin sanduna ya kai shekara 1 shekara. Kimanin 10-30% na ƙananan bears suna mutuwa daga wasu masu farauta da sanyi a wannan lokacin. A cikin zaman talala, waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya rayuwa tsawon rai, kimanin shekaru 25-30. An rubuta mafi girman lokacin cikin Detroit Zoo. Matar ta kasance shekaru 45 da haihuwa.
Me yasa beran itace "fari"
Kowane uba ko kusa zai ji wannan tambayar daga '' '' '' dansa. Ko kuma malamin ilimin halitta a makaranta. Duk abin da ya shafi gashi ne na wannan dabbar. Tana nan ba ta can. Gashin kansu ba su da lafazi kuma suna kwance a ciki.
Suna yin daidai da hasken rana, suna haɓaka farin launi. Amma waɗannan ba duk fasalilin rigar mai binciken polar bane. A lokacin rani, ya kan yi launin rawaya a rana. Zai iya zama mai launin kore daga ƙaramin algae wanda ke hade tsakanin villi. Mayafin na iya zama grayer, launin ruwan kasa ko inuwa ta daban dangane da yanayin rayuwar beyar.
Kuma a cikin hunturu kusan kristal ne, fari. Wannan fasali ne na musamman na dabbar da kuma halakar kwarai da gaske. Wataƙila, launi da alkyabba ya yi sanyi tsawon lokaci, yana dacewa da yanayin zama.
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, fatar dabbar tana da kyawawan halaye masu dumin-zafi. Yana ba da izini kuma baya barin zafi. Kuma idan beyar ta tara ulu, “rears,” ba a gan shi bane ga tsirara ido kawai, har ma da fasaha, alal misali, hotanan zafi.
Me yasa aka jera polar bear a cikin Littafin Rubutu
Wannan maƙiyin yana da kyawawan gashi kuma yana da nama da yawa. Waɗannan sune fushin da ba a fassara su ba game da masu farauta waɗanda suka harbi dabbar ta daɗe. Taɓarɓarewar raguwa cikin yawan jama'a ya ba da gudummawa ga ɗumamar yanayi da gurɓatar muhalli. A cewar masana kimiyya, yankin rage murfin kankara ya ragu da 25%, glaciers suna narkewa da sauri.
An gurbata yankin ruwan tare da samfuran cutarwa da sharar gida. Kuma beyar mu yana rayuwa sama da shekara guda, ana ɗaukar tsinkayen da ya daɗe. A wannan lokacin, ya tara abubuwa da yawa masu guba da rashin lafiyar dabbobi a jikinsa. Wannan ya rage yiwuwar haihuwa.
Yanzu a duniya akwai daga dubu 22 zuwa 31 na waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin. Kuma bisa ga kintace, ta 2050 lambar na iya raguwa da wani 30%. Bayan wannan bayanin babu tambayoyi dalilin da ya sa aka shigar da polar bear a cikin Red Book.Barin farautar bela a cikin Arctic Rasha an haramta shi tun 1956.
A shekara ta 1973, kasashen yankin ruwan Arctic sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kan kiyaye garkuwar polar. Kasarmu tana kare wannan mai farautar a matsayin nau'in barazanar da ke cikin jerin theungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don kiyayewa da Yanayi (Littafin Layi na Duniya) da kuma daga Littafin Rashan na Federationungiyar Rasha.
Bayanin aran Bear Polar
Thean itacen polar da aka fasalta a ƙasa sune mafi tsinkayen dabbobi masu shayarwa a sararin samaniya. Suna da fa'ida babba ga kakanninsu na nesa, kusan shekaru dubbai da suka gabata. Babbar ƙarancin bear bears ya kasance aƙalla tsawon mita 4, wanda nauyinsa yakai tan 1.2.
Babbar pola ta zamani, duka a cikin taro da girma, ya ɗan rage kaɗan da ita. Don haka, matsakaicin tsawon farin bera ba ya wuce mita 3 tare da nauyin jikin mutum mai nauyin 1. Matsakaicin nauyin maza basu wuce kilo 500 ba, mace tayi nauyi kilo 200-350. Haɓaka dabba ta dabba a cikin ƙoshin ƙusa kawai ke mita mita 1,1.5, yayin da babban bera ya kai tsayin mita 2-2.5.
Me ɗan tsintsin rai zai ci?
Babban abincin abinci na bela ya hada da hatimi. Bears farauta ne kawai. Ta hanyar rami a cikin kankara, su, kamar 'yan leken asiri, suna shiga kusa da wanda aka azabtar, waɗanda ke huta da kankara. A irin wannan farauta, ana iya kwatanta halayen beyar da zaki, kamar misalin zaki ko damisa. Oye a bayan abin da ke kankara, ƙudirin ada yana kusantowa da kusanci da ganima, kuma lokacin da nisansa ya gajarta - manyan matakai da yawa sun raba mai farauta da ganima. Laran itacen bera suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma bugun paya ɗaya ya isa ya kashe wanda aka kashe.
Godiya ga furcin furry na furfura, polar bears ba daskarewa a cikin Arctic.
A lokacin rani, menu na beyar ya cika tare da berries, mosses da sauran tsire-tsire waɗanda ake samu a wannan lokacin. Ba sa ƙin satar dabbobi kuma yawanci suna tafiya a gefen teku don neman dabbobi da suka mutu.
Saurari muryar polar bear
Yawan polar bear ya ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Farautarsu a halin yanzu ya takaita sosai. A duk ƙasashe inda waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki suke zaune, akwai shirye-shiryen kare bears. Kowace shekara, Eskimos yana kashe adadi kaɗan na bears, galibi saboda furcinsu da mai mai gina jiki.
Balle mai tsaka-tsaki ba kowane irin dabba ba ne mai laushi.
Ensionsididdigar girma da girman girman beyar
Yawancin maza manya sunkai nauyi daga kilogram 300 zuwa 800 (kuma har fiye da ton daya!) Kuma kai tsawan 2.4-3.0 m. Tsawon tsinkayen da ya bushe daga ƙarancin maza manya ya kai daga 1.3 zuwa 1.5 m. zai kai 3.4. m Mata yawanci rabinsu ne kuma suna awo tsakanin kilogiram 150- 300. da 1.9-2.1 m a tsawon. Bayan haihuwa, cuban sandunan suna nauyin gram 600-700 kawai.
Polar bear
Mafi girma daga polar bear auna fiye da tan. Wannan rikodin ya kama ne a Arewa maso Alaska a shekarar 1960. Nauyin dabba ya kasance kilo 1002.
A yanzu, ana ƙididdige yawan polar bear a cikin 20-25 dubu mutane.
Shin kun san cewa…
- Thean itace da ke daɗaɗaɗɗa yana jin daɗin girma a kan dutsen mai santsi mara nauyi. Yana kwance akan hancinsa kuma yana birgima a kansu, yana amfani da kafafunsa na baya ya karɓi lokacin da ya dace.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/4067/beliy-medved-tsar-8C50E2.jpg)
- Bear madara ya ƙunshi mai yawa. Godiya ga wannan, cubs suna girma sosai da sauri kuma kusan basu daskare ba.
- Wadannan dabbobin suna da kyau masu iyo da kuma iri-iri kuma suna iya jurewa har zuwa mintina 2 a karkashin ruwa.
- Larayoyin furanni suna da kyakkyawan wari. Zasu iya jin daɗi koda a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin kankara.
- Wannan maƙiyin zai iya isa zuwa gudu zuwa 40 kilomita / h
- Teddy bears a lokacin haihuwa ba su wuce girma berayen.
- Gashin fata na 'yar tsana yana da baki baki ɗaya, sabanin farinsa ko ja.
- Gashin itacen bela ya zama mai launin toka tare da shekaru.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Mece ce mafarkin beyar polar
Zai zama baƙon abu idan haka mutunta farin bera, ba mu sanya wata ma'ana ga bayyanar sa a cikin mafarkanmu ba. Ba ko kaɗan. A kusan dukkanin sanannun litattafan mafarki, mutum na iya karanta abin da berayen bela suke gani. Wasu suna ɗaukar bayyanar tasa a cikin mafarki mai kyau da ƙwarin gwiwa kyakkyawa, wasu suna ba da shawara shirya matsala don hakan.
Misali, littafin mafarkin Miller ya ce dolar bela a cikin mafarki shine batun zabin rayuwa mai zuwa. Idan beyar ya kai hari cikin mafarki, yi hattara da abokan gaba a rayuwa. Da beyar da ke iyo a kan dutsen kankara zai yi muku kashedi game da zamba.
Kuma ganin beyar da ke cinye hatimi yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar daina halaye marasa kyau. Idan kuka gundura cikin fata na beyar - zaku iya shawo kan matsaloli a zahiri. Dubi belar pola - yana nufin cewa ba da daɗewa ba tsammani bikin aure da riba na kuɗi.
A cewar Freud, farauta na bears a cikin mafarki yana nufin cewa kuna buƙatar rage tashin hankali da tsayayyar arzor a rayuwar ku. Kuma a cewar Aesop, mafarautan mafarki na kirki da mugunta. Ba za ku iya yin yaƙi da shi a cikin mafarki ba, in ba haka ba za ku faɗi cikin gaskiya. Koyaya, idan kunyi kamar ya mutu lokacin da kuka gamu da shi, to a sauƙaƙe zai iya fita daga matsala mara amfani.
Bar polar bear yana nufin cewa matsalolinku zasu iya barin ku na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. A kowane hali, yana da kyau idan mutumin da yayi tunanin begen sa na rayuwa mai lafiya zai taimaka masa ya tsira.
Wool, fasalin kayan jikin akwati da kan kai
Duk jikin farin bera an rufe shi da Jawo, wanda ke ba da kariya daga tsananin sanyi kuma yana ba ku damar jin daɗi ko da a cikin kankara. Hanci da hanci kawai suke cire murfin fur. Launin rigar Jawo na iya zama fari fari, launin shuɗi har ma da kore.
Yeaukarwar ulu tana da alaƙa da yawan fallasa fitilar ultraviolet, wanda ke ba shi k properties ariyar da zafi kuma yana hana dabbar daskarewa. Sanadin koren kore shine algae microscopic wanda ke kwance cikin gashin gashi.
A zahiri, gashin dabbobin an hana shi launi, babu launi, gashin kanshi mara nauyi ne, mai kauri, mai saurin gaske, yana nesa nesa da junan su. Akwai ingantacciyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a ƙarƙashin wacce aka samo fatar fata tare da santimita 10 na mai.
Fararen gashi launin fata babban yanki ne mai kyau ga dabba. Ba abu bane mai sauki ga ma malamin da ya kware don gano bera da ta ɓoye, amma hatimi da makusantan galibi sukan zama azabtar da wannan azzalumi da azzalumi.
Tsarin jiki, kai da kafafu
Ba kamar ƙarancin bera ba, ƙwanin beyar yana da tsawo, kansa yana da lebur, ɓangaren gaban sa na da elongated, kunnuwansa ƙanana ne da zagaye.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da kwararrun masu iyo, wanda aka samu ne sakamakon kasancewar membranes tsakanin yatsun kafa kuma an ƙaddara ta inda mai bayar da polar take zama mafi yawancin shekara. A lokacin yin iyo, komai girman dalar polar take, godiya ga membranes, tana iya sauyawa har ma da mafi girman ganima.
Legsafar mai ƙaddara ƙashin ƙasa ɗaya ne, yana ƙare da paws mai ƙarfi. Hannun ƙafafun an rufe da ulu, wanda ya zama kariya ta ainihi daga daskarewa da zamewa.Abubuwan da ke gaban bangarorin an lullube su da buɗaɗɗen fata, a ƙarƙashin abin da aka ɓoye maƙallan hancin, waɗanda ke ba da izinin ci gaba na ɗan lokaci. Bayan wanda ya kama ganima ya ci abin da ya ci, dan wasan ya kara yin amfani da hakora. Jafansa suna da ƙarfi, abubuwan fashewa da tutoci suna haɓaka da kyau. Dabarar lafiya tana da hakora 42, ba ta da fa'idar fuska.
Dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in suna da wutsiya; warin bela ba shi da banbanci a wannan batun. Wutsiyarsa ƙarami ce, mai tsawon 7 zuwa 13 santimita, ya ɓace a kan asalin gashin elongated na gashin baya.
Juriya
Babbar pola wata dabba ce mai tsananin wuya, duk da bayyananniyar rudewa, tana iya shawo kan abin da ya kai kilomita 5.6 a kowace sa'a ta hanyar filaye har zuwa kilomita 7 a kowace awa ta ruwa. Matsakaicin matsatsar mai ɗaukar kaya yakai kilomita 40 a kowace awa.
Laraunar furanni tana ji da gani da kyau, kuma kyakkyawan kyakkyawan warin yana ba ku damar ɗanɗano ganima da ke nesa da nisan mil 1 daga gare ta. Dabba zata iya gano hatimin hatiminta a karkashin mita na dusar ƙanƙara, ko kuma ta ɓoye a ƙasan tsutsotsi, koda kuwa zurfin sama da mita 1.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da pola zai iya rayuwa?
Abin takaici, a cikin zaman talala, laran polar bears suna rayuwa fiye da mazauninsu na al'ada. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa a wannan yanayin bai wuce shekaru 20-30 ba, yayin da mazaunin zoo yana da ikon rayuwa sama da shekaru 45-50. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tushen rage girman abinci, narkewar barayin shekara-shekara da kuma ci gaba da kashe magabatan mutane.
A Rasha, haramun ne neman farauta na polar, amma a wasu ƙasashe akwai 'yan ƙuntatawa kaɗan kan wannan, yana ba da damar kisan ƙarancin thanan shekaru ɗari a shekara. A mafi yawancin halayen, irin wannan farauta ba ta wata hanyar da za a haɗa ta da ainihin bukatun nama da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, don haka ya zama ainihin ƙabilanci ga wannan dabbar kyakkyawa mai iko.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Ana daukar polar bear azzalumi ne wanda yakai hari koda mutane ne. Dabba ta fi son yanayin rayuwar aure, maza da mata suna haduwa ne kawai a cikin lokacin fitowar. A sauran lokatai, bears suna motsawa gaba ɗaya a cikin yankin nasu da aka ci nasara akan sauran 'yan uwansu, wannan kuma ya shafi ba ga maza kaɗai ba, har ma ga mata tare da jarirai.
Kiwo polar Bears, kula da zuriya
Dangane da juna, poa poan polar suna nuna halayensu cikin salama, yawancin faɗa suna faruwa tsakanin maza yayin lokutan taruwa. A wannan lokacin, ba wai kawai dabbobin da ke balaguro za su iya wahala ba, har ma da ƙwayoyin da ke hana mace sake shiga cikin wasannin mating.
Dabbobin sun girma ne lokacin jima'i yayin da suka kai shekaru 4 zuwa 8, yayin da mata suke a shirye su haifi zuriya 1-2 shekaru fiye da maza.
Dajin dabbar ta dace daga marigayi Maris zuwa farkon watan Yuni. Femaleaya mace za ta iya korar maza har zuwa bakwai. Kiwo yana ɗaukar aƙalla kwanaki 250, wanda yayi daidai da watanni 8. Cutar ciki tana farawa ne daga wani satin, wanda sanyin jinkiri ne a jikin amfrayo. Wannan fasalin yana da alaƙa ba kawai tare da ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi ba, har ma da yanayin wurin zama. Dole ne mace ta shirya domin ci gaban tayin da kuma tsawon lokacin hibernation. Kusan ƙarshen Oktoba, sai ta fara ba da kayan ragon ta, kuma saboda wannan dalili a wasu lokuta kan mamaye ɗaruruwan kilomita. Mata da yawa suna tono layin kusa da gine-ginen da ake dasu. Don haka, akan kasusuwa Wrangel da Franz Joseph akwai aƙalla lambobi kusan 150 kusa.
Ci gaban amfrayo yana farawa ne a tsakiyar Nuwamba, lokacin da mace ta riga tayi bacci. Harkokin sa na walƙiya ya ƙare a watan Afrilu kuma a kusan lokaci guda, san sanduna 1-3 sun bayyana a cikin ramin, suna awo daga 450 zuwa 700 a kowace. Banda shi ne haihuwar saya 4. Yaran sun lullube da ulu mai kauri, wanda a hakika ba ya kare su daga sanyi, saboda haka a farkon makonnin rayuwarsu mace ba ta barin kogon, yana tallafawa kasancewar ta saboda yawan kitse.
Cubasan jarirai suna ciyar da shayarwa kawai a madara. Ba su buɗe idanunsu nan da nan ba, amma wata daya bayan haihuwa. Babiesan jarirai masu wata biyu sun fara yin fita daga cikin ƙuruciya, ta yadda idan suka kai watanni 3 sai su bar ta gaba ɗaya. A lokaci guda, suna ci gaba da shan madara kuma suna kusanci da mace har sai sun kai shekaru 1.5. Cubananan 'yan ƙanana sun kusan zama marasa taimako, saboda haka galibi suna zama ganima ga masu manyan dabbobin. Mutuwar ƙwayar polar a ƙarƙashin shekarun 1 shekara shine aƙalla 10-30%.
Sabuwar ciki a cikin mace na faruwa ne kawai bayan mutuwar zuriya, ko gabatarwarsa zuwa cikin balagaggu, watau babu wani lokaci sama da 1 a cikin shekaru 2-3. Matsakaicin, babu abin da ya haife sama da 15 daga kowace mace daya a cikin rayuwarta gaba daya, rabinsu suna mutuwa.
Farauta
Gwajin yana cinye ganima na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin yakan tsaya na awanni na kusa da kogon kankara yayin tsammanin hatimi wanda zai hau iska. Da zaran anga wanda aka kashe ya saman ruwa, maharbar ta kashe wani iko mai ƙarfi a kanta. Abin mamakin gawa, ya manne wa hanunsa da jan ƙafa zuwa ƙasa. Don ƙara samun damar kamawa, beyar ta shimfida iyakokin tsutsa kuma kusan tana tsintar kanta cikin ruwa domin lura da bayyanar ganima.
Ganye ba zai iya cinye lokaci a cikin ruwa, wani lokaci suna buƙatar hutawa, wanda shine abin da polar polar ke amfani dashi. Da yake ya lura da takaddar da ta dace, bears ya iya iyo yana jujjuya kan kan dutsen da yake kanshi. Makomar hatimin shine ƙarshen yanke hukunci. Idan walrus ya zama ganima ga bears, to komai yana da sauki. Walruses suna da kariya mai ƙarfi a cikin nau'i na fatar gaban, wanda zasu iya sauƙaƙe dan wasan da ba shi da nasara. Walrus na tsufa na iya zama da ƙarfi fiye da beyar, musamman idan yana saurayi kuma ba shi da ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan gwagwarmaya.
Da wannan a zuciya, bears kai hari kawai rauni, ko matasa walruses, yin shi na musamman a kan ƙasa. An gano ganima ta dogon lokaci, beyar ta yi nishi har zuwa kusancin da yake kusa da ita, bayan haka ta yi tsalle tsalle kuma ta leka wanda aka cutar da duk nauyinta.
Wanene na polar bear ke tsoro?
A cikin mazaunin halitta, beyar yana da ƙarancin maƙiya. Idan dabba ta ji rauni ko ba ta da lafiya, to, waƙoƙi, kisa whales, kyarkeci, foxes arctic har ma karnuka za su iya kai hari. Gatacciyar beyar ta fi ta kowane tsararrakin suna suna kuma tana iya jurewa koda sauƙaƙe tare da abokan hamayya da yawa waɗanda suka kai hari kan babban taron. Dabba mara lafiya yana cikin haɗari sosai kuma galibi ya fi dacewa don guje wa yaƙi, yana hutawa a rami.
Wani lokacin ganima da karnukan karnuka da karnuka sukan zama cuba cuban yara, waɗanda mahaifiyarsu ke farauta, ko kuma ta kula da su. Mafarautan da ke da sha'awar yanka dabba don karɓar ɓoyayyen kayanta da adadi mai yawa suma suna yiwa rayuwar beyar barazana.
Hadin dangi
Bears ya fara bayyana a duniyar tamu kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. Amma kadaitacciyar bera ta kasance ta ware daga magabatanta launin ruwan kasa fiye da shekaru dubu 600 da suka gabata, kuma duk da haka dangin beraye na yau da kullun suna ci gaba da kasancewa dangi mafi kusa da shi.
Dukansu jakar mara nauyi da bera mai launin ruwan kasa suna da kamanni, sabili da haka, sakamakon tsallakewa, ana samun zuriya mai cikakke, wanda daga baya kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samar da matasa dabbobi. Baƙon fari da fari ba za'a haife shi ba, amma matasa zasu gaji dukkan kyawawan halaye na mutane guda biyu.
A lokaci guda, da 'yar tsana da launin ruwan kasa suna zaune a cikin tsarin halittu daban-daban, wanda ya shafi samuwar wasu haruffa da yawa a cikinsu, haka kuma bambance-bambance a abinci, halayya da salon rayuwa. Kasancewar mahimmin bambanci a cikin duka abubuwan da aka ambata a sama ya sanya ya yiwu a rarrabe launin ruwan kasa, ko grizzly, azaman jinsin daban.
Polar bear da bears brown: kwatankwacin bayanin
Dukansu jakar mara nauyi da bera mai launin ruwan kasa suna da wasu halaye daban-daban, asalinsu abubuwanda ke birkita abubuwan da zasu biyo baya:
Polar bear ko umka | Black bear | |
Tsawon Layi | Ba kasa da mita 3 | Mitoci 2-2.5 |
Taro na jiki | 1-1.2 tan | Har zuwa kilo 750 mafi girma |
Biyan kuɗi | Ba shi da irin wannan | Gari mai launin ruwan kasa yana da adadin kuɗi masu yawa waɗanda suka bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. |
Halayen dabbobi | Dogon wuyansa, matsakaici mai girman kai. | Dawo da gajeren wuyansa, babban kai mai zagaye. |
Habitat | Yankin kudu na mazaunin polar bear shine tundra. | An rarraba bears launin ruwan kasa a duk duniya, yayin da ake fifita wasu yankuna na kudanci. Iyakar mazauninsu a arewa shine iyakar kudu da tundra. |
Abubuwan da ake son abinci | Thean maraba yana cin nama da kifi. | Bayan nama, launin ruwan kasa yana cin berries, kwayoyi, da tsutsa kwari. |
Lokacin rashin hankali | Hibernation bai wuce kwanaki 80 ba. Yawancin mata masu juna biyu suna hutu. | Tsawon lokacin farauta daga kwana 75 zuwa 195, ya danganta da yankin dabba. |
Rut | Maris-Yuni | Mayu - Yuli |
Zuriya | Ba fiye da 3aya 3 ba, galibi jarirai 1-2 ne a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. | Ana haihuwar cuban 2-3, a wasu lokuta adadinsu na iya kai 4-5. |
Dukansu belar pola da bera mai launin fata sune masu haɗari masu haɗari, waɗanda ke haifar da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da wanda ya fi ƙarfin yaƙi, belar pola ko bear grizzly? Ba shi yiwuwa a ba da tabbatacciyar amsa ga tambayar da aka yi game da wanda ya fi ƙarfi, ko kuma wanda zai kayar da bera mai wari ko launin ruwan kasa. Waɗannan dabbobin kusan basu taɓa shiga tsakani ba. A cikin gidan zoo, suna nuna halaye cikin lumana.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da polar bear
Akwai tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da bears. A lokaci guda, wasu fasalolin halayensa suna da ban sha'awa wanda ya cancanci kulawa ba kawai masoya na almara ba, har ma da matasa masu sha'awar dabbobin daji. Zuwa yau, an san abin da ke zuwa game da jakar polar:
- Ana samun mafi girman kaddara a cikin Barents Sea, ƙananan dabbobi sun fi son tsibirin Svalbard da yankin kusa da shi. A cikin hotunan da aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, gashin polar bear ya bayyana baki. Arsaukan beren da ke jin yunwa na iya yin nisa mai nisa, suna motsawa ba kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma da iyo. A cikin wannan, da polar bear da launin ruwan kasa bear guda ɗaya suke. Gaskiyar da beyar ta bears wadda ta fi tsawon kwanaki 9 an rubuta. A wannan lokacin, matar ta yi nasara fiye da kilomita 660 a gabar Kogin Beaufort, ta yi asarar kashi 22 cikin dari na gemunta da bera mai shekara daya, amma ta kasance a raye tana iya isa bakin gaci. Bearaƙƙarfan bera ba ya jin tsoron mutum, maƙiyin da ke jin yunwa yana iya ba shi ganima, yana jin daɗin kwanaki da yawa. A cikin garin Churchill, wanda ke lardin Manitoba na Kanada ne, akwai takamaiman wuri inda bears ya ɓace cikin yankin da ake takamaimansa na ɗan lokaci. Kasancewar zoo na wucin gadi muhimmin ma'auni ne. Ba ji tsoron kasancewar ɗan adam ba, maƙiyin da ke jin yunwa na iya shiga gidan ya kai hari ga mutum. Bayan tsananin wuce gona da iri da abinci, beyar ya bar garin da tuni ya zama abin tashin hankali, wanda hakan zai bashi damar fatan dawowarsa ba da daɗewa ba. A cewar Eskimos, 'yar karamar pola tana kunshe da dakaru dabi'un halitta. Wani mutum ba zai iya kiran kansa da wannan ba har sai ya shiga takamaiman daidaitawa da shi. Babban girar bera shine asalin magabacin zamani. A shekara ta 1962, an harbe wata bera mai nauyin kilo 1,002 a Alaska. Zama bera dabba ce mai-jini. Yanayin zafin jikinsa ya kai 31 digiri Celsius, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba shi da sauki ga maƙiyin da ke motsawa da sauri. Dogon gudu na iya haifar da zafi a jiki. An gabatar da yara ga hoton jigon polar ta hanyar zane-zane irin su Umka, Elka, da Bernard. A kan duk abin da kuka fi so a Bears a cikin Sweets na Arewa akwai kuma hoto na beyar pola. Ranar hukumcin ranar bada karfi ita ce 27 ga Fabrairu. Lararfin polar shine ɗayan alamun Alaska.
Ana ɗaukar bears na polar, amma ba a iya wadatar da su ba, saboda an dawo da yawan su sosai a hankali. Dangane da wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013, adadin bear a Rasha bai wuce mutum dubu 7 ba (mutane 20-25 dubu a duk duniya).
A karon farko, an gabatar da dokar hana fitar da naman da fatun wadannan dabbobin a cikin 1957, saboda kusan gallazawar da mazauna karkara da masu ba da fata suka yi. Larayoyin polar, waɗanda mazauninsu suka rikice, suna mamaye kayan mutane.