Muskrat shine kawai wakilin kwayar halittar, wanda yake mallakar sububamily na voles daga tsarin rodents. A wata hanyar kuma, ana kiran muskrat da ake kira musk. Ta fi son mazauninsu na ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. An haife shi ne a Arewacin Amurka, sannan an kera shi da wucin gadi a cikin Eurasia.

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Bayyanar

Tsarin jikin muskrat yayi kama da manyan beraye. Wakilan manya sun yi awo tsakanin kilo biyu tare da tsawon jikin mutum daga 23 zuwa 36 santimita. Tsawon wutsiya yayi daidai da tsawon jiki kuma yana iya bambanta daga 18 zuwa 28 santimita. Jikin wannan dabba yana da siffar silima. Shugaban yana ƙanƙanta a cikin girman tare da wulakanci mai tsawo. A wuyan gajere A kan kai ƙananan kunnuwa ne waɗanda ba za a iya ganin su ba saboda fur. Idanun suna ƙanana da girma a jikin hadarin.

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Incisors suna waje da bakin kogon don taimakawa dabba don jimre da tsire-tsire masu wuya a cikin ruwa. Wutsiya babba ce kuma tayi kyau, an rufe ta da ƙananan sikeli da gashi mai ƙoshin gaske. Kafafun kafafun hular na sanye da membranes.

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Berayen musk sun shahara saboda ulu, wacce ba ta da ruwa da inganci. Jawo kanta tayi laushi da kauri. Gabannin baya da gabar jiki na iya zama baki, launin ruwan kasa, ko launin ruwan kasa. A kan jikin mutum, Jawo mafi yawanci haske ne, launin da zai iya bambanta daga launin toka-toka launin shuɗi. Muskrats suna kama da wuta a lokacin rani fiye da lokacin hunturu.

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Habitat

Originalasar asali ta Muskrat ita ce ƙasa daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa Mexico. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa ana kawo muskrats zuwa Turai, sun ɗauki tushe a cikin yankin daga Mongolia, China da Korea. An samo su a yankin sabon kogunan Isra'ila. A Rasha, ana iya samun muskrat a yankin Eurasian na Siberiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kamchatka.

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Peat tabkuna, ƙoramu da bahar an fi son su azaman wurin zama. Zai iya kasancewa kusa da tafkunan wucin gadi. Ana samun wasu nau'ikan kusa da birane, kamar yadda muskrats basa tsoron mutane. Guji wurare tare da ruwa mai sanyi da rashin ciyayi.

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Abinci mai gina jiki

Muskrats suna cin abincin tsire-tsire, amma kuma suna iya ciyar da yawancin amphibians. Daga cikin ciyayi, kabeji, ciyayi, reeds da tsire-tsire da yawa a cikin ruwa an fi son su. Wadanda aka cutar da muskrats na iya zama crayfish, ƙananan kifi, mollusks da frogs. Kada ku ƙi ƙin cin abinci. Kusan kashi 7 na abincin ya ƙunshi abincin dabbobi.

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A lokacin sanyi suna ciyar da wuraren ɓoye abinci, haka kuma asalin tushen ruwa da kabeji. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu yan ƙasa sosai, waɗanda har ma da tsananin buƙatar abinci, ba za su bar wurin su sama da mita 150 ba.

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Rayuwa

An bambanta Muskrats ta hanyar rashin hutawa. Zasu iya zama mai aiki sosai kusan tsawon lokaci na rana. Babban aikinsu shine ƙirƙirar ramuka waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa zuwa mita 2 a diamita da mita 1.2 zurfi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a cikin rami akwai mafitar da ke shiga cikin ruwa. Zafin zafin jiki na ciki shine digiri 20 Celsius sama da zafin jiki na waje.

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An gina burrows daban da juna. Abu ne na yau da kullun ga waɗannan dabbobi don ƙirƙirar masu siyar da nasu, waɗanda ke a cikin nisan mil 2-8 daga rami kuma ana amfani dasu azaman adana kayan abinci. Sun fasa hanyoyin tun daga gida har zuwa mai ciyarwa don su samu saukin zuwa kayan abinci.

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Muskrats sananne ne saboda ƙwarewar iyo. Saboda kasancewar abubuwan gina jiki na musamman a cikin jini da tsokoki, suna jin girma a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba tare da samun iska ba. Akwai lokuta lokacin da muskrats suke ƙarƙashin ruwa na mintina 17. Saboda waɗannan ƙwarewar, suna iya ɓoyewa daga haɗarin haɗarin wasu masu hasara.

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Lokacin kiwo

Lokacin shiryawa yana kai tsawon kwanaki 25-35. Broaya daga cikin tsintsiya madaidaiciya daga 7 zuwa 8 cubs. Gidajen tare da yanayin sanyi yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙwararrun dabbobin biyu kawai a cikin shekarar, kuma mazaunan yanayin dumin yanayi sun haɗu har zuwa litar 5. Bayan haihuwa, namiji yana aiki ne don neman abinci ga macen, haka kuma yana tsara yanayi don ceton rayuka.

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An haife jarirai gaba ɗayan makaho tare da nauyin nauyin 22. Bayan kwanaki 10, sun sami damar yin iyo, kuma bayan fewan makonni za su iya cin ciyawar. Daga shekara 1 shekara, ƙananan muskrats sun zama masu zaman kansu, duk da haka, hunturu na farko yana kusa da iyayensu.

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Balaga yakan faru ne tun yana shekara 7 zuwa 12. Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin yanayi kusan shekaru 3 ne, kuma a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 10.

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Muskrat tare da cub

Abokan gaba a yanayi

Tunda muskrats suna da yawa a yanayi, galibi suna zama abinci ga yawancin magabatansu. An kai hari ta hanyar rakoons, otters, alligators, pikes, owls barn da sauransu. Wswarkoki da magpies daban-daban na iya farautar san sanduna. Muskrats kuma sau da yawa ana azabtar da manyan dawakai da coyotes. Bears, mashin daji da kyarkeci sun lalace daga maskrats na muskrats. Domin kada ya fada cikin ɓarnatar da magabatan, muskrats suna ɓoye a cikin zurfin ruwa ko a cikin raminsu. Idan ana batun hari, dabbobin za su kare kansu da haƙoransu da haƙoransu.

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Yawan muskrat yana da babban halin kirki da kuma daidaitawa sosai ga canje-canjen muhalli, amma adadinsu yana raguwa a kowace shekara 6-10. Wannan ya faru ne saboda oscation na cyclic na halitta, amma babu cikakken dalili.

Bayanin bayyanar

Dangane da girmansa, wannan dabba itace matsakaici tsakanin bera da beaver. Yaro zai iya kaiwa nauyin 1.8 kilogiram tare da matsakaiciyar tsayin jiki na 45-70 cm. Ya kamata a lura cewa rabin wannan girman ya faɗi akan wutsiya. Yana kwance daga maraice, ya rufe shi da sikeli da gashi, kuma gashi mai taurin kai yana gudana ƙasa. Lokacin da motsawa daga gare ta ya kasance furrow a ƙasa. A gindi tushenta akwai gland guda biyu na ciki. Ta hanyar su kamshibera yayi alamar yankin.

Jikin yayi zagaye-kauri tare da karamin kai da kunci mai nauyi. Kunnuwa ya fara fita daga karkashin ulu. Eyes ƙanana ne, matattara sosai. Halin muskrat da beavers shine nasa incisors protrudeba tare da shiga bakin ba. Wannan yana ba ta damar ta fasa abubuwa a ruwa ba tare da bude bakin ta ba. Hagu na kafa ya fi girma da gaban. An sanye su da membranes na iyo da kaifi mai kaifi.

Jawo gashi ya zama mai ruɓi biyu: akwai labulen siliki daga ƙasa, da kuma tari mai laushi daga bisa. Launin ya bambanta: baya da kafaɗun sun yi duhu ko baƙi, ciki yana da launin shuɗi. A lokacin rani, ulu yakan bushe da rana kuma ya zama mai wuta. Jawo yana da wadataccen ruwa, mai ruwa da ruwa mara ruwa. Dabbobin suna kulawa da kyau a hankali: suna lubricates tare da maiko da tsafta.

Karo daya na'urori don rayuwar ruwa sune tanadi na haemoglobin a cikin jini da kuma myoglobin a cikin tsokoki. Wannan yana bawa muskrat damar kasancewa ba tare da isashshen oxygen ba na dogon lokaci.

Kiwo

Lokacin mating yana farawa a farkon bazara. Matar na dauke da 'ya'yan a cikin wata daya. A cikin ɗayan litter guda ɗaya akwai fam ɗin 7-8. A cikin yankin arewacin, irin wannan zuriya na iya zama 1-2 a kowace shekara. A cikin latitude kudu na muskrats suna haihuwar zuriya sau 2-3 a shekara. Kimanin wata guda, uwa ta ciyar da 'ya'yanta da madara, wanda cikin sauri ke girma kuma an rufe shi da ulu. Tuni a rana ta biyar, idanun yaran sun buɗe, kuma a ranar goma ɗin sai suka fara koyan iyo. Bayan kwanaki 30-35 bayan haihuwa, sukan fara ciyar da su da abinci irin na tsiro.

A lokacin hunturu, matasa na rayuwa zasu ci gaba da zama tare da mahaifiyarsu. Kuma da farkon zafin rana, sai ta fitar da su daga ƙwanƙwalin. Don haka, an tura matasa muskrats zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Duk da babban ingancin sa, berayen musky rayu babu shekaru 3. A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, an tsawan shekarun rayuwa zuwa shekaru 9-10. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar wasu dalilai masu tsoratarwa a cikin daji.

Muskrat kiwo

Wannan dabba tana ɗayan abubuwan kamun kifi, suna ba da m kayan marmari mai mahimmanci. Kuma a Arewacin Amurka ana dafa shi don nama mai daɗi kama da naman zomo. Muskrats suna girma a kan gonaki na musamman da na mutane. Amfani da fatalwar fatalwa ana amfani da ita don dinki gashin wando, huluna da na'urorin haɗi da yawa Irin waɗannan samfuran suna cikin buƙata, saboda farashinsu mai araha yana haɗuwa da inganci mai kyau. Jawo mai dorewa ne, kyakkyawa ne, yana da kyan kayan ruwa, yana yin kusan shekaru 4-5.

A cikin magungunan mutane anyi amfani da kitse na kitse. Ya dace da niƙa. Ana amfani da asirin Musky a cikin masana'antar ƙanshin.

Yanayin kamammu

A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, dabbobin suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa mafi dacewa. Don sauƙaƙe tsarin gina gidaje ana tura su daban-daban kayan gini. Tashin bakin daga rami yana shinge wani shinge mai shinge. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, sanya babban iko tare da ruwa.

Abincin abinci ya sha bamban da na daji. Berayen Musk suna farin cikin cin duk abinda suka bayar. Zai iya kasancewa:

• sabo kayan lambu,
• ciyawa na dandelions da kyan itace,
• porridge
• abinci,
• alkama da kaya.

A lokacin haɓaka mai ƙarfi, ana ƙara abubuwa masu amfani ga abincin muskrats: cuku gida, madara, nama, kifi.

Tare da kulawa da ta dace da ingantaccen abun ciki na muskrat daidaita da sauri ga mutane. Gaskiya ne, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta daga gare su tare da kowane irin cututtukan cututtuka.