Black-dauke da makamai Gibbons (Hylobates agilis) - ƙananan ƙanana, siriri, da tsufa, waɗanda jikinsu ke cike da ƙima, gashi mai laushi. Tsawon jikinsu ya tashi daga 44 zuwa 63.5 cm, nauyi daga kilo 4 zuwa 6 (matsakaicin kilogiram 5, kodayake a cikin bauta yana iya kaiwa 8 kg). Gibbons masu dauke da makamai ba su da ma'anar dimorphism na jima'i a cikin girman, duk da cewa maza sunkai kimanin ɗan girma fiye da na mace, amma mace na iya yin nauyi fiye da maza. Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a Indonesia a tsibirin Sumatra, akwai kuma ƙaramin yawan mutane a kan Tsibirin Malay da Kudancin Thailand kusa da kan iyaka da Malaysia. Yana da wuya kuma an jera shi azaman haɗarin da IUCN Red list.
Halin hali black-makamai gibbons - farin girare (tsararren farin gashi wanda yake saman idanunshi a goshi). Bugu da kari, maza suna da launuka masu banbanci na cheeks: cheeks, an rufe su da farin, launin toka mai haske ko launin shuɗi mai haske, tsayayye a fili gaba ɗaya.
Halayyar
Kamar kowane gibbons, black-makamai gibbons zama cikin kananan dangi. Kowane rukuni ya mamaye yanki mai girman hekta 25, wanda ke karewa daga makwabta “ta hanyar” duwatsun safiya. Yawancin lokaci kawai mazan da suka manyanta ke tsunduma cikin waƙa, wani lokacin matasa suna shiga tare. Nau'i-nau'i na manya gibbons masu saurin haihuwa suna haifar da ƙarafa da rikitarwa a cikin abin da mace tayi rinjaye. Waƙa koyaushe yana kunshe da abubuwa daban daban na mace da namiji. Yawancin lokaci ana jin wakar ne da alfijir, amma, ana iya jin sa a wasu lokuta na rana.
Kiwo
Bayan watanni bakwai na daukar ciki, mace tana haihuwar jariri daya, wanda ke ciyar da madara nono kusan shekara biyu, daga baya ya juya zuwa tsarin abincin dabbobi manya. Matasa gibbons sun zama masu 'yanci a jiki yayin da suke kusan shekara uku, kuma suka manyanta suna da shekaru shida. Koyaya, sun sami ma'aurata don kansu kuma yawanci suna fara rayuwar 'yanci ne ba da farko ba tun yana da shekaru takwas, wani lokacin matasa gibbons suna zama a ƙungiyar iyayensu har zuwa shekaru goma. Yawan su na kiwo ya ragu sosai, a mafi kyawun, mace ta haifi ɗa guda ɗaya cikin shekaru uku.
20.06.2017
Gibbon-baki mai dauke da makamai (lat. Hylobates agilis) nasa ne dangin dake cikin hadarin dangin Gibbon (lat. Hylobatidae). Babban barazanar da kasancewar sa cikin daji shine kazantar daji. Dabbar tana iya sauƙaƙawa da wadatar abinci; saboda haka, masu sayowa sun kama ta da yawa don manufar sayarwa a cikin tarin masu zaman kansu.
Yaɗa
Mazaunin yana cikin Kudancin Asiya. Guda biyu, H.a. agilis da H.a. Ana samun albibarbis a Indonesiya, galibi a Sumatra da Borneo. Na uku jari H.a. unko kuma ana samunsa a Thailand da Malaysia.
Gibbons masu dauke da makamai-baki suna zaune gandun daji na wurare masu zafi wanda ke girma a ƙananan wurare da kuma a tsaunukan tuddai. Sun fi yawancin rayuwar su girma a kambi na bishiyoyi, inda suke bacci. Suna sauka zuwa ƙasa da wuya.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kusan duk abinci yana cikin babban daga cikin gandun daji. Abincin ya ƙunshi 60% 'ya'yan itace tare da babban sukari, ganye matasa (39%), kwari da larvae (1%). Lokaci-lokaci za'a iya cin ƙwai na tsuntsu da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Abinda aka fi so shine 'ya'yan ɓaure.
A cikin zaman talala, gibbons suna cin abinci kaɗan na dafaffen kaji, cuku, cuku gida, kwayoyi, wake da wake, kabewa, kankana, kankana da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka bushe.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum kusan 50-60 cm, matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogiram 5-6. Maza sun fi girma girma da nauyi fiye da na mace. Jawo baƙar fata ne, ƙarancin kirji ko launin toka, gaba da gaban kafaɗunku suna da duhu fiye da na gaba ɗaya. Lokaci-lokaci, bambancin launi suna faruwa, wanda ya danganta da yanayin maye. Fuskokin ido suna halayyar duka biyun. Maza da matasa suna da fari ko fari-ja cheeks da gemu mai launi. Gashin kan kai gajere ne banda yankin kunne. Rashin bata. Hannuna da yatsunsu suna da tsawo, sun dace sosai don tsinkayen rassan da tsalle sama da nisan mil 10. Rayuwa ta gibbons baƙar fata a cikin yanayin halitta kusan shekaru 30 kenan. A cikin zango, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekara arba'in.
Siffofin bayyanar gibbons masu dauke da makamai
Wani fasali na wadannan gibbons shine farin gira, wanda yake shi tsiri ne na farin gashi wanda yake saman goshi. Kuma an bambanta maza da launuka masu banbanci na kyawun cheeks: a kan gabaɗayan gaba ɗaya, fararen kumatun fari ko na furfura bayyane ne. https: // www.
youtube. com / agogo? v = 4z3ezQMhe_IBlack-dauke da makamai gibbons kanana kanana.
Gaba daya jikin ya rufe da gashin kansa. A cikin tsayi, sun kai 40-60 cm, kuma nauyin daga nauyin 5.5-6.5.
A cikin girman, maza da mata ba sa bambanta, amma mace girma ya fi nauyin maza girma. Launin riguna na gibbons mai baƙar fata yana da ɗaiɗaɗa: yana iya zama baƙi, fararen fata da launin shuɗi-gwal. Haske launin ruwan gwal da rawaya mai launin shuɗi ana samun su sosai a yammacin Sumatra, kuma duhu da baƙi ana samun su a gabashin Sumatra da a kan Tsibirin Malay.
Gibbon mai baƙar fata (Hylobates agilis).
Yatsun sauri gibbons suna da tsawo. A kan dabino, a ƙasa, akwai ɗan yatsa. Yatsun ya shiga cikin ƙugiya kuma ana amfani dashi yayin motsi.
Hannun waɗannan gibbons suna da tsawo, saboda haka suna tafiya cikin sauƙi a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. A lokacin motsi, gibbons ya yi tsalle ya tsallaka zuwa ga rassan, suna iya motsawa da sauri, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran su da sauri gibbons.
Abubuwa da yawa na yanki-na alama halayen gibbons ne masu dauke da makamai-baki: fuskoki masu lebur, hangen nesa mai adaidaitawa, madaidaiciyar paws Amma kuma suna da halaye na musamman: rashi wutsiya, kirji mai fadi, da juyawa juzu'in wutsiya. Suna da silsilar sciatic; kawai birai masu bi da ke zaune a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya suna da irin waɗannan katakon katako na nama.
Habibats masu sauri
Gibbons masu dauke da makamai-baki suna zaune a cikin daji da kuma wurare masu zafi a tsibirin Sumatra, ba su samuwa ne kawai a arewacin tsibirin. Su ma suna zaune a tsibirin Borneo, a kudancin Thailand da kuma kan ƙaramin yanki na Penasashen Malay.
Gibbons suna zaune a kambi na bishiyoyi, suna motsawa akan hannayensu tare da kunna hannayensu.
Black-makamai Gibbon Rayuwa
Wadannan birai suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban, har da furanni, ganye da kuma harbe matasa. Hakanan suna cin abincin dabbobi: larvae da kwari iri-iri. Gibbons masu sauri sune biran bishiya.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, kuma da wuya sauko ƙasa. Suna tafiya a ƙasa, suna ɗaga hannayensu sama da kawunansu ko riƙe su a bayan jikinsu. Tare da wannan matsayin hannun, suna kiyaye ma'auni.
Gibbons baya gina gidaje, wanda shine misalin wasu birai. Sukan kwana a farfajiyoyin rassan rassan ko kusa da akwati. A lokaci guda, suna ɗaure hannayensu a gwiwowinsu kuma sunkuyar da kawunansu a kansu.
Gibbons masu dauke da makamai ba su da abokan gaba da yawa. Matasa na fuskantar barazanar masu fishi, da kuma manyan tsuntsayen macizai.
Abincin firam na farko ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganyaye bishiyoyi, fure da kwari. A cikin daji, gibbons mai sauri yana rayuwa shekaru 25-30, amma a cikin zaman talala rayuwarsu na iya zama mafi tsawo - kimanin shekaru 40.
Saurin gibbon dangi
Wadannan birai suna haifar da iyalai waɗanda suka ƙunshi babban ma'aurata manya har zuwa zuriya huɗu na shekaru daban-daban. Ana yin sadarwa ne a kungiyar iyali tare da taimakon sautikan da yawa.
Kowace iyali tana da yanki mai kusan hect 25. Suna kare yankin daga maƙwabta godiya ga babbar "kide kide da wake-wake". Mafi yawancin lokuta, kawai ma'aurata manya ke 'waka', amma girma saurayi wani lokacin kuma yana haɗu.
Manya na haifar da saƙo mai rikitarwa, tare da mace solo. Mafi yawan lokuta suna waka da safe, amma a wasu lokuta kuma zaka iya jin wakokin su.
Siffar halayyar gibbons shine rashin wutsiya. Gabaɗaya, sadarwa tare da sautuna don gibbons yana da mahimmanci. Gibbons an san su da babbar murya da ƙarfi.
Ana buƙatar su bayyana haƙƙinsu don yankin da kuma kiyaye dangantakar aure. Maza Maza suna yawan ihu da mata suna waƙa.
Gibbons sune 'yan birai a cikin dangi wanda mata ke taka rawar gani. Mataki na gaba yana aiki da 'ya'yanta mata, sannan' ya'ya maza, sannan kuma maza ne kawai.
Gibbons masu dauke da makamai ba irin wannan ba su da lokacin mating; suna iya haifuwa duk shekara. Cikakken balaga yana faruwa a cikinsu yana da shekara 8. Bayan wannan, ɗaiɗaikun suna barin ƙungiyar dangi kuma suna neman abokin tarayya. Duk rayuwa, gibbons mai saurin zama a cikin ma'aurata masu aure a cikin yanki guda.
Bayan watanni bakwai na ciki, mace tana da ɗa daya. Uwa tana ciyar da shi da madara nono kusan shekara biyu. Sannan ya canza zuwa abincin da ya girma. Bayan haka, matan ma'aurata kuma, wato, jariran suna bayyana a matsayinta kowace shekara 2-3.
A cikin yanayi, akwai rabe-raben abubuwa guda 2 na baƙar fata-baƙar fata: tudu da lafazi. 'Yanci na zahiri a cikin matasa matasa ya zo shekaru 3, kuma balaga ya zo yana da shekaru 6. Suna gina iyalai masu zaman kansu da kimanin shekaru 8, amma wani lokacin basa barin iyayensu har zuwa shekaru 10.
Kariya na Gibbons-Baki mai dauke da makamai
A yanzu, ba a kiyaye madaidaiciyar gibbons sauri. Masu farauta suna harbe su kuma an kama su don manufar kasuwanci. Amma babban lahani yana faruwa ne sakamakon ruguza mazauninsu - sare bishiyoyi. Dangane da ƙididdigar marasa ƙarfi, yawan gibbons masu baƙar fata-maza dubu 800 ne.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti wani sashi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Kadai apan Adam da ke rayuwa a cikin iyalai masu aure. Haraji
Haraji
Sunan Rasha - Gibbon baƙar fata, mai saurin gibbon
Sunan Latin - Hylobates agilis
Sunan Turanci - Agile gibbo
Class - Dabbobin ruwa (Mammalia)
Kamewa - Primates
Iyali - Gibbon, ko karamin birrai (Hylobatidae)
Kyau - Gibbons na gaske
Rayuwa & Halayyar zamantakewa
Gibbons dabbobi ne na rana. Suna tafiya tare da rassan bishiyoyi ta amfani da brachi, suna tafiya akan ƙasa a ƙafafunsu, yayin da waɗannan birai suna ɗaga hannayensu na tsayi a ɓangarorin kuma sama don tabbatar da daidaito.
Gibbons suna da aure. Ma'aurata da suka manyanta tare da yara yawanci suna mamaye ƙaramin yankuna da ke basu kariya. Theungiyar iyali ta ƙunshi nau'i biyu na kiwo da cuba 1–an 1-2. Lokacin da dabbobin da suka girma suka bar rukunin iyayensu yayin shekaru 2-3, suna zaune shi kaɗai na ɗan wani lokaci har sai sun sami abokin tarayya kuma suka mamaye yankinsu.
Duk gibbons yana da cikakken yan ƙasa, yana da yanki ko yanki na ƙasa wanda ke kiyaye shi daga mamayewar sauran mutane. Matsakaicin yanki na yankin iyali shine kimanin kadada 34. Ana kiran iyakar ƙasar wannan gibbons ta hanyar “waƙa,” ana jin sa tsawon mil da yawa.
Matasa gibbons sun girma tun yana da shekaru shida, a lokaci guda abokan aiki masu aiki sun fara - abokantaka ko m - tare da takwarorinsu maza da mata. Rikice-rikice tare da mazan manya suna taimaka wa dabbobin matasa matasa su ware daga kungiyar. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin yana kimanin shekara 8. Tare da mata manya basa hulda kwata-kwata. Youngan samari galibi suna rera waka kaɗai, suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin macen da suke nema, suna yawo cikin daji. Koyaya, yayan maza da mata na iya zama tare da iyayensu na dogon lokaci.
Vocalization
Mafi kyawun yanayin halayen jama'a masu karfi na gibbons shine raye-raye. Mafi yawan lokuta, mazan da suka manyanta suna waka, amma matasa matasa, idan suka kware kan aikin zamantakewar su, suma suna shiga mawaƙa. Waƙoƙin Gibbon wataƙila sautunan ban mamaki waɗanda za a iya jinsu a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Asiya.
Ana yin waƙoƙin rikice-rikice ta maza da mata, a zaune a saman bishiyoyi, ana jin waɗannan sautuna a cikin gandun nesa nesa da dama kilomita. Abin sha'awa, mata da maza suna raira waƙoƙi daban-daban.
Yawancin saurayin namiji yakan iya jinsa ne kafin fitowar rana, yana ƙare da alfijir. Waƙar yana farawa da jerin abubuwa masu sauƙi masu taushi, a hankali suna haɓakawa zuwa jerin sautuka masu daɗaɗawa da ƙarfi. Karshen sashi na waƙar ya ninka tsawon kashi ɗaya kuma ya ƙunshi kusan sau biyu. Irin wannan waƙoƙin na iya wuce minti 30-40.
Menene aikin waƙoƙin gibbon? Da farko dai, fadakarwa ne ga sauran membobin kungiyar game da inda suke. Intensarfin mawaƙa na maza ya dogara da yawan adadi a cikin yawan jama'a, da kuma yawan samari maza da ke neman abokan tarayya.
Yawancin masana likitan dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa babbar manufar waka ita ce kare budurwarsu daga ayyukan maza masu aure. Maza a cikin iyali suna rera wakoki sau da yawa, fiye da maza masu aure waɗanda ke barazanar kyautata rayuwar iyali. A waɗancan wuraren da adadin maza masu yawan gaske suke, mazajen gida ba sa raira waƙa ko kaɗan.
Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo
Ana kiyaye gibbons masu baƙar fata a Zoo na Moscow tun cikin 1998. Ana aiwatar da aikinsu don kiyayewa da shayarwa a cikin tsarin Tsarin-Yammacin Turai don Tanadin da Zuriya da Rawanin Tsari da Tsarin Lantarki (EEP).
Kafin haka, muna da wasu youngan shekaru biyu masu samarwa da manyan gibbons mai baƙi (Hylobates concolor). Amma kyawawan waƙoƙinsu da murya mai ƙarfi ba sa son ɓangaren mazaunan gidajen da ke kewaye. Suna barazanar rayuwa da lafiyar dabbobinmu. Saboda haka, an aika da baƙin gibbons zuwa cibiyar International Gibbon Centre da ke California.
Gibbons a cikin gidan zoo na karɓar fruitsa fruitsan 'ya'yan itace, kayan marmari, rassan kore, qwai, cuku gida. Za'a iya ganin gibbon mai dauke da makamai a cikin babban tango na Birai.