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Mackerel-dimbin yawa hydrolytic, kifi na Vampire ko payara (lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), kodayake ba sau da yawa, ana samun shi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa, duk da girman sa da halayyar sa. Wannan azzalumi ne mai zafin rai, duba da bakin ta kawai ya isa don dukkan shakku sun bace. Irin waɗannan hakora ba kasafai ake ganin su ba ko da a tsakanin kifin teku, ba kamar na waɗanda suke cikin ruwa ba

Kamar sauran kifayen da suke yanke hukunci, waɗanda muka riga muka rubuta game da - goliath, payara yana da manyan hakora masu kaifi, amma yana da ƙasa kaɗan, ƙyallen biyu akan ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Kuma suna iya zuwa 15 cm tsayi.

Tsawonsu yana da ramuka na musamman akan muƙamuƙi na sama wanda hakora zasu shiga kamar fatar. Ainihin, Na san kifi na vampire daga fina-finai da wasanni, duk da haka, masaniyar masunta- masu wasa suna jin daɗin su saboda haƙurin da suke yi yayin wasa da kuma nuna ƙima.

Kifi na Vampire

Payara, Vampire Fish ko Mackerel-kamar Hydrolytic, sunan kimiyya Hydrolycus armatus, na gidan Cynodontidae ne. Wannan shine ɗayan mafi girma a cikin kogin kogin Kudancin Amurka. Bai dace da gyaran gida ba, sai dai mafi girman wuraren ɗaukan ruwa ko na jama'a.

Habitat

Kifin yana zaune a yawancin manyan koguna na Kudancin Amurka, galibi suna cikin Orinoco da Amazon. Sun fi son koguna masu tsabta tare da raƙuman ruwa mai sauri, da kuma ruwan zãfi, yawanci a wurare masu zurfi a gindin rapids, a cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin waterudubansu, inda ake ƙirƙirar haɓaka.

Bayani a takaice:

Sharuɗɗa da halaye:
Ofarar akwatin akwatin kifin daga lita 2000.
Zazzabi - 24-28-28 C
Darajar PH 6.0-8.0
Rashin ruwa - 5-15 dGH
Nau'in substrate - dutse
Haske - matsakaici
Ruwa mai ruwa - ba
Motsa ruwa yana da ƙarfi
Girma - fiye da mita
Abinci - Kifi kaɗan
Tsammani na rayuwa - kimanin shekaru 2 a zaman bauta

Bayanin

A cikin yanayin, manya sun wuce mita 1 a tsayi, a cikin yanayin wucin gadi kaɗan, amma har yanzu ya kai girman da nauyi mai ban sha'awa (fiye da kilo 10). Yana da jiki mai sauri, wanda ke walƙiya zuwa wutsiya, wanda aka tsara don ɗaukar harin walƙiya akan ganima. Babban kai da bakinsa yana cike da hakora masu kaifi. A cikin balagagge, manyan katako biyu masu girma a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin, sun yi tsawo har akwai wasu ramuka na musamman a saman muƙamuƙin don su wuce. Launi shine azurfa tare da inuwa mai duhu, wani lokacin kuma tabo.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Cuvier mai fasalin mai fasalin mashin shine ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1819. Baya ga ita, akwai wasu karin nau'ikan guda 3 a cikin dangin.

Tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, a cikin Amazon da kuma tushen ta. Ya fi son sauri, tsarkakakken ruwa tare da swirls, gami da wuraren da ke kusa da magudanan ruwa.

Wasu lokuta ana samun su a cikin ƙananan makarantu suna farautar ƙananan kifi, amma babban abincin su shine piranhas.

Kifi na Vampire yana haɗiye waɗanda ke fama da shi baki ɗaya, lokaci-lokaci suna yawon ƙarami zuwa ƙananan sassa.

Yayi girma sosai, har zuwa 120 cm tsayi, kuma yana iya nauyi har zuwa kilogram 20, dukda cewa mutane dake zaune a cikin akwatin kifayen basu wuce 75 cm ba. Sunan kimiyya shine maskerel-like hydrolysis, amma yafi shahara a ƙarƙashin sunayen payara da kifi na Vampire, ana kuma kiranta saber-yatsan tetra.

Ana son sanin komai

Ko a wancan zamanin can nesa, lokacin da sabulu mai kauri yawo cikin qasa, mummunan ambaliyar ruwa - mackerel hydrolik(Sinadarin mahadi)dangi characinide (Characin) - ya girma kansa daidai wannan makami, kawai ya sunkuyar da akasin haka, don ikon sa a cikin koguna.

Hakurin saber hakoransa suna kan ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Ba kamar yawancin dabbobi masu sabulu-mai kafaɗar gogewa ba, ƙyauren maskerel-mai kama da ruwa suna zama a bakinsa, suna ɓoye cikin ramuka biyu a cikin babban muƙamuƙi.

Wannan azzalumin maharbi, wanda ya kai tsawon mita daya da rabi, yana gudana a cikin ruwan Amazon, yana jefa tsintsiya mai santimita 7-10 a jikin wadanda abin ya shafa.

Mummunar bayyanar da haɗarin haɗarin cizo da hakora mai ban tsoro suna sa ko da gogaggen masanin masanin mashin.

Mu tafi tare da membobin balaguro kama kifin na Vampire a magudanan ruwa

A ƙarƙashin sunan "payara", an san nau'ikan nau'ikan kifaye huɗu. Mafi girma daga gare su - wani mai-mashin-mai kama hydrolytic (Hydrolycus scomberoides) yana girma zuwa mita ko sama da haka. Na biyu mafi girma - jan-tailed hydrolysis (Hydrolycus armatus) baya wuce santimita sittin. Nau'i na uku da na huxu - Hydrolycus tatauaia da Hydrolycus wallacei ba su kai rabin mita ba.

A Venezuela, ana amfani da mackerel mai kama da ruwa kamar "kachorra". Amma tunda dukkanin nau'ikan huɗun sun bazu sosai a cikin kwandunan Musicoco da Amazon, a cikin Peru ku, mai karatu, za ku ji sunan "chambira". A Ecuador - “chambirima”. Amma ba su ji labarin payar ba. A cikin rubuce-rubucen Turanci- da Rashanci, a mafi yawan lokuta, an fahimci payar ta zama mai kama da sikirin mackerel, maimakon ƙarancin jinsin masu dangantaka.

Wannan kifin azanci mai ƙarfi mai saurin mallakar ƙasa ne, sunan kimiyya wanda ya fito daga kalmomin Girka guda biyu. “Hydr” ruwa ne da “lykos” kyarkeci ne. Ya bayyana cewa ko da masana kimiyya ba zasu iya yin tsayayya da tasirin kyawawan halayen masu biyan su ba, wadanda suka kirata da "kyarkeci na ruwa". A Venezuela, tana zaune a cikin koguna na Paragua, Caura, Caroni, Churun da kuma wasu lardunan na Orinoco da yawa. An kama payar ɗin rikodin kusa da ƙofar Uriya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1996. Ta kai tsayin santimita 117 kuma kilogram 17.8. Amma hakika na kwarai ne kwarai! Yawancin lokaci mackerel-like hydrolytic yayi girma har zuwa sittin sittin zuwa tamanin kuma yana nauyin kilo uku zuwa takwas. Amma har ma da irin waɗannan masu girma dabam, kifayen biyu sun isa idanun don ciyar da mutane goma a lokaci guda.

Mafi kyawun fasali mai ban sha'awa na payars shine nau'i biyu daga tsummoki mai ban tsoro. Sun fito daga wuyan wucin gwal a fuskar bulldog kuma suna lalata duk wata sha'awar cire kifin daga ƙugiya da yatsun kafaɗa. Abun ɗayansu yana bayyane, na biyu yana ɓoye a cikin muƙamuƙi lokacin da aka ɗora. A cikin mutane manya-manyan, tokar-nauikan allura sun kai santimita 10- 15 a tsayi. Tun da tsumma masu tsayi sosai, yanayi ya samar da bude kofa biyu a cikin babban payar din da suke “tsabta” lokacin da mai farautar ya rufe bakinsa.

Mackerel hydrolytic yana kai hari kuma yana cin duk kifin da yayi ƙasa da girman sa. Ba ya yin watsi da piranhas (Serrasalminae) kuma har ma ya yanke ma masanan kimiyyar bincike akan cin abincin gama gari. Sakamakon yanayin tashin hankali na payar, yakan kawo hari koda ganima, wanda sau da yawa ya fi shi girma wanda kuma ba shi da ikon ci don duk gaskiyar sa. Wannan dabba har yanzu.

Payar ilimin halittar yana da tambayoyin da har yanzu ba a amsa su ba. Misali, ba a san takamaiman inda da yadda yake ba. Har yanzu abin asiri ne dalilin da yasa, lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin ruwa, wannan kifin yana rayuwa daga watanni shida zuwa shekara, da ɗan lokaci kaɗan, har ma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi. Dalilan kuma ba a fayyace suke cewa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin dari na diyya da ke cikin bauta ba wanda zai mutu da zaran sun kai santimita 30 a tsayi. A takaice dai, ta hanyoyi da yawa har yanzu kifi mai ban mamaki ne. Amma bari mu koma cikin ruwa mai zuwa.

Rana tana kusan saman kambi a gininsa da kyawawan gasa. Mun sauka a saman tsaunin kusa da magudanan ruwan da kanshi daga baya kuma hannunshi na hannun daman kogin. Sun ɗaure jirgin kuma, suka kama igiyoyi da akwatuna tare da kayan kamun kifi, suka tsallaka zuwa wurin kamun kifi. Ya fi dacewa da tsalle, duk da haɗarin kama kan manyan duwatsun, gudana cikin ruwa da girmansa don millennia. Ofashin dutsen yana da zafi sosai a rana wanda yake soya har da waɗanda suka riga sun zama ƙafafun ƙafa. A wasu wuraren, a cikin wannan harshen dutse mai kaɗa kansa wanda ruwan kogi ya cika da amo, wuraren waha da aka kafa, a gindin ruwan ruwan waɗanda aka tara. Rewanƙwasa fata mai wuya da ƙananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi sun sami damar yin girma har ma a cikin kabilun tsakanin duwatsun. Itatuwan farin ciki ya fara da kusan mita hamsin zuwa hagu, amma har ma a can kusan duk rassan busassun sun yanke kuma Indiyawan suka kakkarye, wadanda galibi suna tsayawa a nan har dare kafin su tsallake ambaliyar ruwan su kuma ci gaba a sama ko kogin.

Har yanzu, mun tabbata cewa jagorarmu ta nuna mana madaidaicin wuri don zangon da ke ƙarƙashin kogin. Idan da mun tsaya a nan, da sai mu ɗanƙura tare da neman itacen wuta.
A gefen tekun namu da kuma gabanin haka, wasu daskararren masanin Indiya maza da shekaru ashirin da biyar suna kamun kifi. Tabbas, payaru. Haka kuma, a hanyar da bata cancanci irin wannan abokin adawar ba, daidai da kasuwancin iri daya. Sunyi shi ba da dabara ba, tare da motsin motsa jiki - kuma mafi mahimmanci - samfuri. Dukkanin abubuwanda suke da sauki shine ya kunshi tagar ruwa tare da wasu nisan mita dari na kalar layin kamun kifi a jikinta, a karshen abin da aka daure rabin bututun karfe na karfe, kuma tuni babban katako. Mutanen daga kan duwatsuna, suna aikawa da masu tseren mitoci saba'in a tsakiyar wata hayaniyar, hayaniya, rafin mai kumburi sai suka fara jan sa a hankali.

Ba su da cizo a kowane Cast, amma bayan daya ko biyu. Don cire kifi ɗaya dole ne su jefa dabbobin sau da yawa. Ko ta yaya, kamun kifi ya ci nasara, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da kashe kuɗin rabin rabin azkar da kawunansu suka karye cikin jini, ba da gangan ba a jefa su kan duwatsun. Idonsu ya dusashe, sikeli ya ɓace saboda ɓarnar azurfar, kuma bakunan tsoro sun tsoratar da manyan kuguna. Fanƙuda da ƙananan raguna sun lulluɓe a jikin, suna jin daɗin nama, amma masunta basu mai da hankali ga wannan ba. Bayan sun gama kamun kifin, Indiyawa suka ɗauki abincinsu suka watsu a wani wuri. A ƙarshe, an bar mu shi kaɗai.

Kamar yadda wataƙila zaku iya tsammani, wannan kamun kifi ba shi da banbanci da sauran mutane, kodayake ana iya gabatar da kowane irin aiki da kyau kuma ga sautin jijiyoyi waɗanda aka shimfiɗa su zuwa yanayin kiren guitar. Wataƙila ban taɓa jin duk tabin hankali mai zurfi da ke kama da masunta na ainihi ba.
Bayan sama da awanni biyu, kamun namu ya ƙunshi payar tara kowanne kilo biyu ko uku. A wannan yanayin, malalen ruwa biyu da lebene daya karkace da kifi sun rasa. Lokacin da maharbi ya ji cewa yana da kaifi a bakinsa, sai ya fara sauri da sauri ya fice daga ruwan, yana yin kyandir. Idan bakin ƙarfe ko layin kifi ya ƙare, to, kifi bayan tsalle-tsalle da yawa sun sami damar lalata su. Da farko, mun kawo kifayen da duwatsun a cikin 'Yan ƙasar Amurka ta hanyar katako: ba mu da sha'awar cire dabbar da aka harbi da hannayenmu daga ƙugiya. Sannan daga baya sun bullo da ingantacciyar hanyar da za su tunkari ganima ba tare da yin wata illa ga wata gabar jiki ba.

Don yin wannan, mun sami sanda na bakin ciki, ɗaure shi daga wannan gefe kuma kawai ya soke ikon da kifin da aka kama. A sanda, aka dauke ta zuwa kan duwatsun sannan aka kwantar da ita a tsakanin rami tsakanin duwatsun, inda a kalla akwai wata inuwar inuwa. Tare da gwanayen da suka lalace, maharutan sun yi barci na mintuna uku zuwa hudu, sun daina toshe bakinsu kuma ba da wutsiyoyi. Me ya sa Indiyawan suka fi son mafi kyawun hanyar da ba ta da ma'ana don kashe kifi, ban sani ba. Yin amai da lemo a kan dukan tsiya da gaguwa da ganima akwai kyakkyawar dama don kashe layin kamun kifi ko kuma ƙin fitar da bakin daga bakin. A bayyane yake, kawai al'ada ce.

Wuya a cikin abun ciki

Mai matukar wahala. Manyan, ƙaddara, yakamata a adana shi cikin manya manyan kantinan ruwa.

Matsakaicin matatun ruwa ba zai iya wadatar ba, kula da kuma kula da mai-ruwa.

Haka kuma, har ma a cikin yanayi mai kyau ba sa rayuwa fiye da shekaru biyu, tabbas saboda karuwar abun ciki na ammoniya da nitrates a cikin ruwan akwatin kifaye, kazalika da rashin isasshen ƙarfi na yanzu.

Ciyar da abinci

Wani ɗan farauta na yau da kullun, yana cin abinci kawai - kifi, tsutsotsi, jatan lando. Da alama yana iya cin fillet, kifayen nama da sauran abinci, amma ba a tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba.

Payara babban kifi ne, mai ƙaddara, wanda baya buƙatar akwatin kifaye, amma wurin waha. Kuma tana buƙatar fakiti, kamar yadda yanayi ke zaune a cikin rukuni na kifi.

Idan za ku fara ɗayan, to ku shirya don samar da adadin 2000 lita, da kuma kyakkyawan tsarin tacewa wanda zai haifar da ƙarfi sosai.

Ainihin, ana yin shi a ƙasa, amma yana buƙatar sarari don iyo da kayan ado don tsari. Suna da tsoro kuma suna buƙatar yin hankali tare da motsi na kwatsam.

Kifin ya shahara wajen haifar da munanan raunuka ga kansa yayin tsoro.

Yarbuwa

A dabi'a, yana zaune a makarantu, a zaman talala ya zaɓi ƙaramin ƙungiyoyi. Halin da ya fi dacewa shine a ajiye tetras shida sabio-toothed a cikin babban akwatin kifaye. Ko daya a cikin karamin akwatin kifaye.

M kuma yana iya kai hari ga kifi wanda a bayyane yake ba sa iya hadiye shi. Sauran nau'in da za su iya rayuwa tare da su ya kamata su sami makamai, kamar plecostomus ko arapaima, amma yana da kyau a kiyaye su dabam.

Farawa na Nosferatu

Extremelyarancin adadi na mutane a duniya, kusan kowane mazaunin Turai miliyan ɗaya, ke zaune a Turai, Amurka da Asiya, suna fama da wata cuta da baƙon abu. Ta, kamar yadda wasu masana tarihi suka yi imani a yau, shine dalilin haifar da almara ga labarin vampires, “masu rayayye” da wasu halittu na almara waɗanda ke kaiwa mutane hari da dare kuma suka mutu a cikin hasken rana.

Muna magana ne game da abin da ake kira xeroderma pigmentma - cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wanda ke faruwa sakamakon fashewar abubuwa a cikin kwayoyin halittar DDB, XPC, ERCC da wasu sassan halittu. Dukkaninsu suna da alaƙa da rushewar ƙananan lahani a cikin DNA wanda ke faruwa lokacin da raɗaɗin guda ɗaya ya bayyana a cikin helix ɗinsa wanda ya danganta haɗuwa da haskoki na fitilar ultraviolet tare da ƙwayoyin halittu daban-daban a cikin tantanin halitta.

Wadannan ƙananan maye gurbi suna yin hasken rana da mutuƙar mutu'a ga irin waɗannan mutanen, tunda koda gajerun tafiya akan titi na iya haifar da mutuƙar mutuwar ƙwayoyin fata kuma zai iya haifar da ci gaba na mafi girman nau'ikan cutar melanoma da sauran nau'in cutar kansa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, masu ɗaukar irin waɗannan kwayoyin ba sa rayuwa har zuwa shekara 18, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran su "yara na wata" ko "vampires."

Jama'a da abokan aiki ba zato ba tsammani sun gano nau'ikan dabbobin da ke fama da matsaloli iri daya ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halittar kifayen da ke zaune a cikin kogon rami. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun saba da irin wannan rayuwar a kwanannan, kuma nazarin DNA, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suke fata, yakamata su tona asirin juyin halittarsu da yadda zabin yanayi yake aiki.

Yarmari.ru

Wani tururuwa na wani waje yana jin magudanar ruwan da wani kifin ya ƙare kuma yana iyo ta hanyar su. A lokaci guda, yana shimfiɗa jiɓin ƙwayar cuta da ciyarwa akan jini daga tasoshin jini a cikin ƙwayoyin. Indiyawan suna ɗaukar wannan kifin hatsari fiye da piranhas. Kuma akwai dalilai masu kyau game da wannan. Domin zai iya iyo zuwa cikin murfin murfin, farji ko - a yanayin kananan samfuri - cikin azzakarin mutum tsirara zuwa mafitsara. Hakanan yana ciyarwa akan jini da kyallen takarda kewaye, wanda zai haifar da ciwo mai zafi. Kifi na Vampire yana samun wadanda abin ya shafa sakamakon kamshin da ruwa ke kwarara daga hanun mutane ko kuma, a cikin mutane, ta warin fitsari. Gsaƙƙarfan ƙugiya mai ƙyalƙyali yana hana hakarwa daga inda kifin ya shiga.

Aquariums da kayan aiki

Shagon kantin yanar gizo na ExoticZoo yana ba da babban zaɓi na ɗakunan ruwa na kowane siffofi da girma dabam. Anan zaka iya yin oda akwatin kifaye tare da bayarwa a cikin Ukraine a mafi ƙarancin farashin. Za mu sami madaidaicin akwatin kifaye na rufi, murfi da busasshiyar tire.

Don masu farawa aquarists, muna ba da kayan kifin - akwatin kifaye masu sanye da dukkan kayan aikin da ake buƙata - matatar akwatin kifaye, kwampreso, mai sarrafa zafin jiki (mai zafi), famfo (famfo), da kuma hasken wuta.

Babban zaɓi na kayan ado na akwatin kifaye - ɗakunan ajiya, ƙananan jirgin ruwa, jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu, filastik da murjani na teku, bawo, ƙasa don akwatin kifayen zai taimaka wajen sanya yanayin ruwan karkashin ƙasa sabon abu da asali.

Don fara akwatin kifayen da kuma daidaita ma'aunin muhalli, zaku iya siyan kwandishan, gwajin ruwa, magunguna don kifin akwatin kifaye, samfuran sarrafa algae a cikin akwatin kifaye, takin mai tsire-tsire.

A cikin shagonmu akwai kullun babban zaɓi na kifin akwatin kifaye da tsire-tsire.

Ba tare da tiyata ba, ba za a iya cire kifin kifi ba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ayyukan ba tare da sakamako ba.A bisa ga al'ada, ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na tsire-tsire guda biyu, waɗanda aka gabatar da su kai tsaye zuwa wurin da aka haɗa da kifin, wanda a lokaci guda ya mutu ya lalata. Idan ba tare da kulawa da lafiya ba, cutar kifayen kisa na iya haifar da mutuwa. Somik koyaushe yana mutuwa, saboda ba zai iya fita daga jikin mutum ba, saboda mutum ba kamar yadda yake sanannen abu bane.

Sau da yawa, idan anyi wanka tare da mazauna karkara, don kare kansu daga kyandir, maza kan sanya rigakafin, mata kuma suna saka dogayen ruwa na musamman da aka yi da kayan kwakwa ko kuma dabbobin dabino, kuma inda wadannan catfishes suke da yawa, basa gujewa shiga ruwa gaba ɗaya. Kodayake Candiru yana ƙin tsarin lokacin iskar oxygen, da ƙyar zai iya zama na dogon lokaci a cikin mafitsara da bututun dabbobi.

A cikin 1941, an buga wani labarin game da Candyra a cikin Jaridar Amurka na Surgery. Mawallafin ta - Kenneth Winton da Hugh Stickler - sun kafa hujja da cewa Indiyanwan sun zo da wata hanyar kawar da kifin. Gidajen gari suna da tsari na musamman daga fruitsya ofyan itaciyar bishiyar jagua. Ya zama abin sha na acidic wanda yake kawar da ƙishirwa da kyau kuma da alama yana taimakawa kawar da kyandir. Kifin ya bar abincinta bayan wasu 'yan sa'o'i. Har yanzu dai ba a san yadda ake yinsa ba.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan kifiru guda uku. Waɗannan su ne Candira, waɗanda suke girma zuwa girman yatsa, Candira, suna girma zuwa girman haƙorin haƙora, da kuma Candira masu ƙyalƙyali, suna cinye kifayen da suka mutu. Kodayake 'yan sandar daji na Candiru suna zaune a cikin kogin, kamar yawancin masu ba da tsoro ba sa son rana kuma sun yi ta tono a cikin sandar da yashi a ƙarƙashin kogin da ƙarƙashin itace.

Kifi na Vampire yana haɗiye waɗanda ke fama da shi baki ɗaya, lokaci-lokaci suna yawon ƙarami zuwa ƙananan sassa.

Kifi na Vampire, payara ko saber-toothed tetra

Dodo tare da manyan hakora - saber-toothed tetra or payara, mai suna kifin dabbobin ruwa . Aya daga cikin kallo a cikin vampire ya bayyana kamanninsa ga ɗayan masu kisa masu kyan gani koyaushe. Shekaru miliyan 400 da suka shude, babu mai ruwa a cikin ruwa da zai iya rayuwa bayan haduwa da wannan babbar dabbar - Dunkleosteem. Ya kai mita 6 a tsayi kuma yana daya daga cikin na farkon da ya fara hakoran hakora, mai kaifi kamar rago.
A zahiri, sun kasance fadada kwanyar ne. A yau, ana iya ganin waɗannan munanan hakoran hakora a cikin kifin vampire, duk da cewa ba zuriyar dunkulalliya bane. Tana iya buɗe bakinta sosai kuma ta ci ganima daidai da rabin girmanta, don haka Payara tana da haɗari matuƙa. Payara ta sami sunanta - kifi mai cin gashin kai saboda haƙora masu tsini 5-centimita masu tsinkaye daga ƙananan muƙamuƙin. A lokacin da kifaye ke motsawa zuwa hanzari, kifi na iya aiwatar da abincinsa a dogayen wankinsa da kafaffun gefuna. Ana ɗaukar jita - jita - shine mafi ƙanƙantar da kayan halitta a duniya. Hiddenawan ruwan murfin an ɓoye a cikin aljihunan da ke cikin kwanyar. Payara yana fitar da waɗannan takobi kawai idan akwai gwagwarmaya ta jini. Tsarin Payara da aka shimfiɗa daga wutsiya zuwa kai da alama an ƙirƙira shi don mafi girman ci gaban iyawar sa. Payara tana da kunkuntar kunkuntar da gaɓoɓin jiki don motsawa cikin sauri a cikin yanayin cikin ruwa.

Kifin zaki

Kifin zaki - kifayen da suke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi na Tekun Indiya da Pacific - a bakin tekun China, Japan da Ostiraliya. Suna ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kifaye a duniya. Tsawon jikinsu kusan 30 cm, nauyi ya kai 1 kg. Kifin zaki yana da kyankyasai na dorsal da firs na ciki, wanda a ciki yake ɓoye allurai mai guba. Allura tare da wannan allura yana da zafi sosai. Wani mummunan rauni yana biyowa yayin da yanayin ke faruwa, wanda ya ƙare tare da inuwa na kasusuwa da tsokoki na numfashi. Idan ba a jan wanda aka azabtar da shi nan da nan ba, zai nutsar da shi.

Electric eel kifi ne (duk da suna) wanda ke zaune a cikin koguna a kudu maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka, kazalika da harajin Amazon. An samo su a cikin kasashe kamar su Brazil, Guiana Faransa, Guyana, Peru, Suriname da Venezuela. Matsakaicin matsakaita na manya shine 1-1.5 m, mafi girma daga sanannun samfuran sun kai kusan mita uku a tsayi. Matsakaicin nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 20 (matsakaicin - 45 kg). Wutar lantarki na iya haifar da fitowar wuta na 300-650 V da kuma karfin 0.1-1 A. Wannan wutar lantarki ba ta iya kashe mutum, amma zai yi zafi sosai.

Babban kifi mai kamun kifi wani nau'in babban kifi ne mai tsabtataccen ruwa wanda ke zama a tsakiya da yammacin Afirka, a cikin kwarin kogunan Kongo da Lualaba, da kuma a cikin tafkunan Upemba da Tanganyika. Wannan kifin ya girma zuwa 1.5 m tsawon sa kuma ya kai nauyin kilo 50. A Kongo, an samu rahoton bullar hare-hare ta manyan kifaye a jikin mutane. A cewar mazauna karkara, wannan ne kawai kifayen da ba su tsoron karnuka.

Bagarius yarrelli nau'in babban kifi ne da aka samu a cikin koguna na Kudancin Asia. Ana samun su a cikin ƙasashe kamar su Bangladesh, India, China (lardin Yunnan) da Nepal. Yana girma zuwa 2 m a tsayi kuma yana da nauyi sama da kilo 90. A cikin ƙauyuka ukun da ke gabar kogin Sarda a Nepal da Indiya, tsakanin 1998 da 2007, an sami rahoton hare-haren waɗannan kifayen a kan mutane, wanda galibi ke haifar da mutuwa.

Wuri na shida a cikin jerin kifaye masu hatsarin gaske sun mamaye Brown Snakehead, wani nau'in kifin ruwan tsinkaye mai tsabta wanda ke rayuwa a jikin ruwan Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia da India. Suna girma cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 1.3 kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 20. Suna da hankali sosai kuma m. An kai hari ganima.

Matsayi na biyar a cikin jerin kifaye masu hatsari a duniya shine ƙaiƙayi - kifayen teku masu lahani tare da jijiyoyi masu guba a bayan sa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin wart shine 35-50 cm. Yana zaune a cikin murfin murfi a cikin zurfin kusan 30 m a cikin Tekun Indiya da Pacific. An dauki shi mafi kifi mai guba a duniya. Gubarsa yana haifar da ciwo mai zafi, girgiza, gurguwa kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kyallen takarda. Ga mutane, babban adadin guba na iya zama m.

Piranhas galibi kifi ne mai tsabtataccen ruwa (sama da nau'in 50) da ke rayuwa a cikin koguna da wuraren rago na Kudancin Amurka. Isar da tsayin daka har zuwa 30 cm kuma nauyi ya kai kilogram. Kimanin nau'ikan 30-35 na piranhas suna ciyar da tsire-tsire na ruwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda suka fada cikin ruwa, kuma nau'in 28-30 sune mazan jiya. Suna da jaws mai ƙarfi tare da haƙoran haƙora. Suna kai hari kan kifi da sauran dabbobi, gami da mutane. Tsarin ƙananan faifan hakora da hakora suna ba da damar piranhas ya lalata manyan nama daga ganima. A garken piranhas a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan na iya lalata dabba mai nauyin kilo 50.

Brown puffer - wani nau'in kifin marine daga dangin pufferfish. Suna zaune a cikin teku da kuma ruwan tekun arewa maso yamma na Tekun Pacific. Girma har zuwa 80 cm a tsawon. Abubuwan da ke ciki (musamman hanta da ovaries) suna da guba sosai kuma suna ɗauke da tetrodotoxin, wanda har a cikin ƙananan allurai yana da mutuƙar rai ga mutane. Duk da wannan, daga wannan kifin ne galibi sukan shirya abincin gargajiya na abincin Jafananci - Fugu. Tsakanin 2004-2007, mutane 15 suka mutu, kuma kimanin mutane 115 ke kwance a asibiti bayan da suka ɗanɗani wannan abincin.

Kifaye masu hatsarin gaske a duniya shine mackerel-like hydrolytic or “vampire fish” - nau'in kifayen da suke yankewa wanda suke rayuwa a kwarin kogin Amazon da Orinoco a Venezuela. Zasu iya girma zuwa tsawon 117 cm kuma kilogram 17,8. Babban sanannen fasalin kifin dabbar macuta shine cin mutuncinsa da kuma tsumma biyu masu tsinkaye da suke fitowa daga ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Wadannan kyankyasar zasu iya kaiwa tsawon cm cm 10-15. Mai ɗaukar ruwa mai siket ɗin mackerel mai kamannin kifi akan kowane kifi wanda ya ƙanƙane a ciki, gami da piranhas da makamantansu.

Raba cikin zamantakewa. cibiyoyin sadarwa

Kifi na Vampire, ko mackerel-like hydrolytic (lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), yana da hakoran saber-kamar hakora. Yatsun a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi na iya kaiwa tsawon 15 cm. Suna da girma sosai ba sosai har suka shiga cikin ramuka na musamman da ke kan babban muƙamuƙin.

Sunan kimiyya na halittar Hydrolycus ya ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci na ruwa da lykos, ma'ana ruwa da ƙyarkeci.

Wannan kifin ruwan mai kyau shine dangin Cynodontidae daga tsarin Characiformes. An fara bayyana shi a cikin 1819 daga masanin dabi'ar Faransawa Georges Leopold Cuvier.

A cikin Latin Amurka, ana kiranta da suna payara (payara), chambira (chambira) ko kifin shaidan (pez diablo). A cikin wallafe-wallafen harshen Rashanci, ana kiranta sauƙaƙen bututun sabro-toothed. Naman sa yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, saboda haka, ba shi da ƙimar kasuwanci.

Goliath kifi ko babban tiger kifi

Akwai wata tatsuniyar Afirka game da dabbar girman girman mutumin da ya kashe komai a hanyar sa. Saboda haka suka ce game da babban kifi goliath . Yawancin mutane ba sa haɗarin kama shi, kuma mutane kaɗan ne ke samun damar kama shi. Manyan kifin tiger suna da yawa a Kogin Kongo. A wannan fagen fama an tilasta masu su zama manya, in ba haka ba za a ci su. Kasancewa da kifayen dabbobi masu cinyewa, suna iya kaiwa nauyin kilo 50, amma ba a san komai game da waɗannan kifayen masu ƙyalli ba.

An sani. Wasu masanan ilimin halitta suna ba da shawara cewa sun isa har ma da manyan masu girma dabam - 2m a tsayi, kuma 70kg a nauyi. Wannan duk godiya ne ga hakoran da aka yi don kisan. Jaws da hakoran manyan kifayen damisa sun nuna cewa sunci abinci akan wasu kifayen. Hakoransu mai kaifi-kaifi da jajaye na iya kama babban dansandan daga hannun wanda aka azabtar dashi. Suna raba itace dangi da mashahurin piranha. Wannan tsohuwar rukuni ne na kifi, yana ta ƙaruwa shekaru miliyoyi. Kuma kamar yawancin piranhas, mummunan bakin kifin goliath yana kama da tarkon bear. Akwai gasa mai ƙarfi a cikin sarkar abinci a Kogin Kongo, kuma wata na'ura mai kama da ta taimaka wajen ƙugiya da riƙe babban ganima. Har ma masunta maƙarƙashiya suna ɗaukarsu ƙiyayya ne masu haɗari. Hakoranta masu kwalliya suna kama da sharks.

Koyaya, rayuwar babban kifayen damisa da sauran dodannin ruwa a cikin dogon lokaci tana fuskantar barazanar guda ɗaya - cinye waɗannan kifayen. Masana tsabtace muhalli yanzu suna taimaka wa masana kimiyya da gwamnati don samo wata hanyar samar da abinci mai kyau ga al'ummomin yankin don baiwa waɗannan manyan kifayen damar cin abinci.

Shin kuna son karin labaran masu kayatarwa? Muna da su! Biyan shiga cikin sabuntawa kuma zaku yi farin ciki :) Hakanan zaka iya ba da labarinmu a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa ta amfani da mabuɗan da suka dace, kuma zaku yi farin ciki da shakku :)

Sharuɗɗa da halaye:
Ofarar akwatin akwatin kifin daga lita 2000.
Zazzabi - 24-28-28 C
Darajar PH 6.0-8.0
Rashin ruwa - 5-15 dGH
Nau'in substrate - dutse
Haske - matsakaici
Ruwa mai ruwa - ba
Motsa ruwa yana da ƙarfi
Girma - fiye da mita
Abinci - Kifi kaɗan
Tsammani na rayuwa - kimanin shekaru 2 a zaman bauta

Yaɗa

Gidajen yana cikin kogin Amazon da Orinoco. Ana samun kifin Vampire a Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru da Bolivia.

Yawancin mazaunan suna zaune a bakin rafin Tapazhos, Araguaya da Tokantis, waɗanda ke lardin Amazon. An kama mafi kyawun samfuran a cikin Kogin Paraguay a Venezuela. A cikin 1966, an kama wani katon mai nauyin kilogram 17,8 da cm 108 a kusa da tsibirin Uraima.

Kifi na Vampire ya zama ruwan dare a yankin da ke canjin zafi, inda ruwan yake har zuwa 24 ° -28 ° C.

Halayyar

Wakilan wannan nau'in sun zauna a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin koguna masu gudu-ruwa kusa da magudanan ruwa, kadan ba sau da yawa kusa da sandbanks da wuraren ambaliyar da ke cikin daji. Sukan saba da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi na yanzu, suna da ƙarfi na musamman, saboda haka masu sha'awar kamun kifin wasanni suna yaba su sosai. Rayuwar irin wadannan dodannin na bukatar matukar karfi da juriya daga masunta.

Maki mai siffa mai ruwa-ruwa yana zaban jikkunan ruwa tare da tsafta kuma, in ya yiwu ruwa mai tsafta. Yana jagorantar mafi yawan salon rayuwa, lokaci-lokaci tara a cikin kananan garke don farauta na haɗin gwiwa.

Maharbi yana da saniyar ware kuma yana kaiwa hari ga duk wata halitta da tayi karami da girmanta. Baya ga nau'ikan kifaye iri daban daban, yana cin 'yan amphibians, crustaceans, tsutsotsi da kuma ruwa mai ruwa. Tushen abincin shine ƙifar kifaye. Ana jin daɗin ƙauna ta musamman (Pygocentrus nattereri), yana mamaye yawancin menu na yau da kullun.

Kifi na Vampire yana sauƙaƙe lalata waɗanda ke da girmansa daidai yake da rabin tsawon jikinta. Tana kwance tana jiran ganima musamman a zurfin 3-5 m.

Kiwo

Balagagge yakan faru ne lokacin da jikin mutum ya kai tsawon sama da cm 27. Tsarin ruwa mai sikirin da ke fitarwa a cikin watan Oktoba zuwa Afrilu, lokacin damina ta wuce mazauninsu kuma matakin ruwa ya tashi sosai a jikin ruwan. A wannan lokacin, yanayin acid na yanayin ruwa yana daga pH 6-7.5.

Mafi sau da yawa, mace sa qwai daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu. Qwai yakan yi birgima a cikin ruwan ruwa kuma sun sami damar yin jayayya a kan nesa mai nisa. Dansu diamita kusan 1 mm.

Ya danganta da girmanta, mace ɗaya ta sami damar samar da kwayayen daga dubu 50 zuwa 300.

Chedwararrun larvae suna ciyar da ƙananan ruwa mai tsafta. Babu wani ingantaccen bayani game da ci gaban su a cikin daji. A cikin zaman talala, kifi na vampire yana haifarwa da wuya.

Kifi na Hedgehog

Kifin da ba a saba gani ba yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi tsakanin raƙuman murjani mai zafi. Jin tsoron hadari, sai ta kara zubewa cikin kwallon da aka rufe da dunƙule.

Waɗannan ragiyoyin sune barazanar mafi girma ga mutane. Batattun marasa hankali zasu iya saka farashi. Wajibi ne a bayar da kulawar likita ta gaggawa, in ba haka ba mutum ya mutu.

Fata da gabobin ciki na kifayen kifi suna da guba mai guba, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar ci.

Kifi sun yi saurin zuwa kuma suna tsayawa, saboda wanda, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar raƙuman ruwa, suna iya kasancewa a cikin yankuna da nisa da mazauninsu.

Wanda aka sani a matsayin kifi na vampire, wataƙila kifi mafi hatsari, saboda yana iya cin pranha.

Kari akan haka, yana daya daga cikin manyan kifin ruwa mai fitarwa, wanda yasa yake shahara tsakanin masu sha'awar kamun kifi. Lokacin da ƙugiya ta buge ta, ta juya baya yunƙurin fitar da ita daga cikin ruwa.

Masu ƙaddara sun haɓaka sama da 1 mita kuma suna awo daga kilo 15 zuwa 17. Muhimmin fasalin kifin shine kaɗayan ƙatun da suke cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Saboda su, ta sami sunan barkwanci "Vampire kifi" amma ba ta shan jini.

Yawaitar

Mun kammala saman kifayen masu hatsarin gaske tare da wakilin dangin dangin. Spiktail yana cinye mafi yawan lokacinta a kasan, binne cikin yashi.

Wannan nau'in rayuwar marine mai haɗari ga mutane. Tare da kaifi mai kaifi, yana da ikon huda fatar, kuma guba da aka saki tana haifar da juji, gurgu kuma yana haifar da mutuwa.

Manya sun girma zuwa mita 1.8 a tsayi, kuma irin waɗannan ƙattai sun kai kilo 30. Ingaƙƙarfan Stingrays suna ciyar da crustaceans, mollusks, da guba ana amfani dashi azaman kariya. Sau da yawa, maharban jirgin ruwa da kansa yakan zama wanda aka azabtar da sharks.

Kammalawa

Kamar yadda kake gani, tekuna, tekuna da koguna suna cike da mazauna masu haɗari, haɗuwa wacce ba ta son mutane. Kifaye masu haɗari ana samun su a sassa daban-daban na duniyarmu mai ban mamaki, kuma lokacin farauta suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na hallaka, daga kaifi mai kaifi zuwa rawar lantarki.

Koyaushe yi hankali yayin ziyartar wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku da yin iyo a cikin koguna da tafkuna, saboda duk wani haɗuwa da kifin akan jerin zai iya zama haɗari.

Cutar Kifi

Abubuwan da ke haifar da yawancin cututtuka suna da alaƙa da yanayin da bai dace ba na tsarewa (ingancin ruwa, rashin sarari, gurɓataccen abu, da sauransu).e.), wadata wacce a matakin karba aiki ne mai matukar wahala. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa koda a cikin yanayi masu kyau, waɗannan kifayen ba sa rayuwa a cikin bauta fiye da shekaru 2.

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