Aiwatar da Lafiya (PE) horo ne da ke nazarin hanyoyin lalata dan adam na biosphere, hanyoyin da zasu iya hana wannan halakar da kuma bunkasa ka'idodin tsarin kula da muhalli ba tare da lalata yanayin muhalli ba.
Aiwatar da lafiyar lafiyar dan adam ya samo asali ne daga tsarin ka'idodi, dokoki da dokoki na gudanarwar muhalli da kuma ilimin halittu. Ya danganta da hanyoyin binciken, ana bambance wurare masu zuwa:
masana'antar ilimin halittu - yayi nazari kan tasirin masana'antar masana'antu kan muhalli da kuma hanyoyin da za'a rage wannan tasirin ta hanyar inganta fasahar zamani da wuraren kulawa da ita,
fannin ilimin dabbobi - kera hanyoyin samar da kayayyakin gona ba tare da lalata albarkatun kasa da hanyoyin samar da kayayyakin kyautata yanayin muhalli ba,
ilimin lafiyar dabbobi - Bincika cututtukan mutane da ke da alaƙa da lalata muhalli da kuma hanyoyin maganin su,
ilimin muhalli na birni - tana nazarin hanyoyin inganta yanayin ɗan adam a cikin birni,
sunadarai masu guba - yana haɓaka hanyoyi don ƙaddarar abubuwan gurɓataccen abubuwa, hanyoyin tsabtace kemikal, sabbin fasahar samarwa,
ilmin lissafi - ƙirar tafiyar matakai na muhalli, i.e. sabawa cikin yanayin da zai faru sakamakon canje-canje a cikin tsarin muhalli,
ilmin kimiya na tattalin arziki - yana bunkasa hanyoyin tattalin arziki na kula da muhalli,
halayen ilmin dabbobi - ya fito da tsarin dokoki wadanda zasu kare yanayi,
Ilimin Lafiyar Ilimin Lafiyar
Lafiyar ciki yana aiki tare da horo sosai. Akwai alaƙa tsakanin ilimin halittu da ilimin tattalin arziki, ilimin halayyar dan adam, da magani. Ta hanyar sarrafa wasu dalilai, zaku iya tantance abin da ake buƙatar inganta yanayin.
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Karatun binciken kimiyyar yanayin kasa daidai wadancan dabaru da kuma matsalolin da ke lalata biosphere. Ana haɓaka hanyoyi da kayan aikin da zasu taimaka rage mummunan tasirin mutum akan yanayi. Hakanan, wannan horarwa tana haɓaka fasaha da ka'idojin amfani da albarkatun duniya.
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Hadadden tsarin ilimin halittar ciki ya hada da lamuran da suka biyo baya:
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- ilmin kimiya na tattalin arziki
- masana'antu
- likita
- gini na ilimin halittu
- sinadarai
- aikin injiniya
- aikin gona
- halayen ilmin dabbobi
- birni.
Kowace reshe na ilmin kimiya na ilimin halitta yana da nasa batun da kuma abin yin nazari, ayyuka da hanyoyin. Godiya ga tsarin ilimin kimiyya, ana tsara ka'idodi da dokoki, wanda a cikinsa wanda ya zama dole don sarrafa ayyukan mutane a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arziki. Duk dokoki da shawarwari sun dogara da takamaiman aikin.
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Dalilin Inganta Lafiya
Aiwatar da lafiyar dabbobi na iya rage mummunan tasirin mutane akan dabi'a. Don wannan, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa, gami da samfuran lissafi. Wannan yana ba ku damar lura da yanayin kuma ƙayyade yanayinsa. Sakamakon wannan bincike zai iya tabbatar da kasancewar matsalolin muhalli, wanda a nan gaba zai zama ainihin tushe don canza ayyukan wasu abubuwa. Misali, alamomin yanayin ruwa da iska zasu tilasta wa kamfanoni su yi amfani da abubuwan tacewa. Bugu da kari, wannan horon zai rage nauyi a kan muhalli. Bi da bi, ya zama dole don aiwatar da sabuntawa da sake farfado da yanayin kasa, wanda zai ceci yanayi, tun kafin lokaci ya kure.
Lafiyar Jama'a
Ilimin halin dan adam yanki ne na ilimin halittu wanda ke yin nazarin dangantakar tsakanin dan adam da mahalli na yanki, yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu, tasirin kai tsaye da sakandare na ayyukan samarwa akan abubuwan da aka tsara da kuma kaddarorin muhalli, tasirin muhalli na abubuwan da ke tattare da rashin lafiyar mutum da kuma yanayin rayuwar mutane. A cikin ilimin muhalli na zamantakewa, sun bambanta: ilimin halittu na mutum, ilmin kimiya na al'adu, ilmin kimiya, da sauransu. Saboda haka, kimiyyar al'adu ta tsunduma cikin kiyayewa da dawo da abubuwa daban-daban na yanayin al'adun da 'yan adam suka kirkira a tsawon tarihinta (tsarin gine-ginen gine-gine, wuraren shakatawa, gidajen tarihi, da sauransu). Ilimin halin mutum na ilimin halayyar dan adam (Ethiocology) yana nazarin alaƙar yawan jama'a tare da yanayin ƙasa wanda ke samar da ƙabilu yayin aiwatar da tarihin. Tsarin ilimin halittar ƙasa yana la'akari da alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan da ke faruwa a cikin yawan mutane a ƙarƙashin tasirin canji na yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci [1, shafi 34].
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam (anthropoecology) wani hadadden kimiyya ne (wani bangare na kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma) wanda ke yin nazarin hulɗa da mutum a matsayin halittar ilimin halittar ɗan adam tare da hadaddun al'adu waɗanda ke kewaye da duniya, tare da yanayin rayuwa koyaushe. Babban aikinta shi ne bayyana dokokin samarwa da tattalin arziki, ci gaba da aka yi niyya da kuma sauya fasalin yanayin halitta a ƙarƙashin tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam. Kalmar da Amer ya gabatar. masana kimiyya R. Park da E. Burgess (1921) [3, shafi 65].
Tsarin ilimin halittu na duniya hadadden horo ne na ilimin kimiyya wanda ke yin nazarin ka'idoji na asali na ci gaban halittu gabaɗaya, tare da yiwuwar canje-canjensa a ƙarƙashin tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam. An tsara ilimin halittar kasa da kasa don nazarin dangantakar dan adam da muhalli a bisa tsarin duniya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mummunan sakamako na muhalli sakamakon tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da rashin tasirin halittar dabbobi da ke faruwa a duniya.
Ilimin halin dan adam horo ne na kimiyya wanda ke la’akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane da yanayin ƙasa, zamantakewar jama'a da al'adu, i.e. tare da muhallin da ke kewaye da mutum. Yanada mutane dangane da muhallin su suna da babban tsari na zamantakewar al'umma (ana la'akari da matakan daga kungiyoyin zamantakewa na farko har zuwa bil'adama gaba daya). Tarihin samuwar al'umma ya dade yana nazarin masana ilimin kimiya na dabbobi da masana kimiyyar zamantakewa, masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam. Anthropology shine ilimin kimiyya na bambanci tsakanin jigo, nau'in halitta, da kuma nau'in halayen dangin hominid. Anthropology yana amfani da bayanai daga ilmin halitta, ilimin halittar kwayoyin, ilimin halittar jini, paleogenetics, paleogeography, ilmin kimiya, ilimin kimiya, da sauransu. Ya ƙunshi nazarin siffofin ƙwayoyin halitta (ilimin halittar jiki da na ilimin ɗan adam) na Homo sapiens da magabatan burbushinta kuma ta mamaye wani wuri na musamman a cikin tsarin ilimin kimiyyar dabi'a da zamantakewa game da mutum [2, p.23].
Matsaloli na tarihi da zamantakewa na asalin ɗan adam da kuma batun ɗabi'ar Homo suna cikin ƙuruciyarsu. Tsakanin masana kimiyya, ba kawai masanin ilimin lissafi da masana ilimin kimiyar baƙi ba, babu yarjejeniya kan asalin asalin mutum ko kuma magabatansa. Daga mahangar ilimin halitta, wannan shine daya daga cikin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda suke tare da oda.
A cikin Late Miocene (11-12 Ma), layin anthropoid wanda aka rabu da shi ta hanyar samar da Austraiopithecus biyu da Homo (W. Grant). Homo Homo shine hanyar haɗin guiwa na ƙarshe a wannan reshe na juyin halittar manyan magabatan magabata, wanda a gaba ɗayansu sune keɓaɓɓen dangin. Wannan dangi a matsayin reshe na juyin halitta, wanda, bayan rabuwarsa, ya haifar da mutum na zamani.
Mutum a matsayin halitta mai halittar halittar da ke cikin halaka ya lalace. Koyarwarsa ba ta inganta. Wani mutum bashi da isasshen tushe a cikin yanayin ya mutu idan bai mallaki ƙarfin halin rayuwa ba, saboda kasancewar hankali da iyawar koyo. Mutum yayi koyi da dabbobi ba da ganganci ba, wanda dabi'a bata faɗi ba, amma ya juya ya zama madaidaicin ceton sa.
Tsakanin mutum da gaskiyar kasancewarsa babban fili ya taso. Akwai wani nau'i na gaskiyar, wanda aka nuna a fagen tunani, da sani. Wannan sararin samaniya ana iya kiransa al'adun gargajiya inda ake bayyanar da damar kirkirar mutum. Asalin mutum a cikin ikonsa na shawo kan iyakance jinsinsa. Matsayi na uku shine yanayin farko don ci gaban kwakwalwa, yanayi na biyu shine kasancewar hannaye, yanayi na uku shine tsarin rayuwar jama'a da tsarin kimiyyar kwamfuta, wanda ake aiwatar dashi sama da kwakwalwa yayin da yake ci gaba. Uesabi'a, gogewa, watsa su daga tsara zuwa tsara ya zama ɗayan mahimman hukunci a cikin yanayin zamantakewar jama'a kuma, tare da zaɓin yanayi, sun ba Homo sapiens babban tsari a gwagwarmayar rayuwa. W. Grant (1991) ya yi imanin cewa bambancin yanke hukunci tsakanin mutane da dabbobi al'ada ce. Dan Adam halitta ne mai fasaha. Babu wata dabba da ta kirkiro yanayi na biyu. Wannan shine mafitar mutum, wannan shine asalin cigaban al'adun sa.
Binciken kwayoyin game da jinsi na mutane (Negroid, Mongoloid, Turai, Australoid da American) sun nuna cewa kashi 97% na kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya ne. Wannan yana tabbatar da babban haɗin kai da haɗin kan ɗan adam. Manufar tsere-aiki na sauyin yanayi da mazaunin kowa. Rarraba cikin jinsi bashi da ma'anar akida.
Jikin ɗan adam yana haɓaka ba daidai ba, gwargwadon tsarin lokacinsa, wanda yayi daidai da ɗimbin lambobin Fibonacci. Mitar a rayuwar dan Adam a bayyane yake. Shekaru masu tsada sun dace da jerin masu zuwa: 1,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89. Rashin haihuwa har zuwa shekara guda, shekaru-1-8, lokacin yaro, 8-13-matashi, 13-21-saurayi, 21-34-matasa, 34-55-balaga, shekaru 55-89. Mitar shekarun mata (jerin Luc): 1,3,4,7,11,18,29,47,76,123. Rashin haihuwa - har zuwa shekara guda, 1-7-yara, 7-11-matashi, 11-18-saurayi, 18-29-saurayi, 29-47-tsufa, shekaru 47-123. Mata sun cika shekaru 6-8 a baya fiye da maza.
Manufar mutum ta har abada, dabarar rayuwarsa shine 'yanci daga mahallin, wanda sha'awar dabba ta tanada. A zahiri, yayin da aka bunkasa cigaban al'adu, ya taimaka wa mutum karfafa 'yancinsa. Aiki ya kasance koyaushe kuma yana kasancewa cikin ayyukan mutum, kuma mutum shine tushen aiki. Akwai bangaren halittar mutum ga mutum daya-daya. Bayani dalla-dalla na tsarin halittar ɗan adam irin wannan ne, a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, an haife mutane daban-daban waɗanda al'adunsu da nau'in halayyar zamantakewa suka dogara da aikin ƙwayoyin halittar mutane da yawa. Ana daukar wannan gandun gado a matsayin kayan haɗin gwaiwa na wata kabila. Binciken tsarin juyin halitta ya nuna cewa juyin halittar kayan rayuwa bai ƙare da bayyanar mutum ba, kuma ba zai tsaya a nan ba. A yau, kimiyyar zamani - wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa na ilimin ɗan adam - a rarrabuwa a rarrabuwa zuwa ƙungiyoyi 3: na halitta, zamantakewa da kimiyyar fasaha. A karni na 20, bambance bambancen kimiyya an shar'anta shi da buƙatar ƙwararrun masaniya, ilimin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ba tare da wanda bincike ba zai yiwu ba.
Da farko, bukatu guda biyu sun kasance cikin mutum a matsayin zaman jama'a: ilimin halitta (na mutum) da na zamantakewa (abu da ruhaniya). Wasu suna gamsu saboda farashin aiki don samar da abinci, kayan duniya da ƙimar ruhaniya, wasu ana amfani dasu don gamsar da mutane kyauta, waɗannan sune bukatun ruwa, iska, makamashin rana, da sauransu. Muna kiran ƙarshen muhalli, da kuma tsoffin bukatun tattalin arziƙin. Societyungiyar ɗan adam ba za ta ƙi yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa ba. Sun kasance koyaushe kuma zasu kasance tushen kayan samarwa, ma'anar wanda ke tattare da canzawar albarkatu na yau da kullun zuwa kayan masarufi. Za a iya kusantar da batun “kore” amfani daga bangarori daban-daban: na ilimin halitta, halin kirki, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki. Ga kowace al'umma, kulawa da darajar daidaituwa na amfani shine ɗayan mafi mahimmancin ayyukan zamantakewa. A halin yanzu, wayewar zamani na fuskantar wani mahimmin lokaci na kasancewar sa, lokacin da yanayin rikice rikice na al'ada ke rushewa, idan aka fahimci cewa gamsassun buƙatun mutum na zamani zai iya shiga rikici mai ma'ana tare da mahimmancin bukatun kowa - da kiyaye kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa. Matsalolin da ke haifar da ci gaban wayewar kai, da lalacewar yanayin halitta da tabarbarewar yanayin rayuwar mutane yasa ya zama dole su aiwatar, don neman sabbin dabarun ci gaban zamantakewa.
Aiwatar da Lafiya
Lafiyayyen Ilimin halittu - yayi nazari kan hanyoyin lalata biosphere ta mutum, hanyoyin da zasu iya hana hakan aiwatar da ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun kasa. Tushen ilimin kimiyya shine tsarin dokokin ƙa'idodin muhalli gaba ɗaya, dokoki da ka'idodi.
Anyi kira da Lafiyayyen Halittu "don magance takamaiman al'amura na gudanarwar yanayi, don sanin halatcin lamuran muhalli, da inganta hanyoyin gudanar da tsare tsaren halitta (yanayin kasa) da kuma hanyoyin“ kore ”nau'ikan ayyukan mutane.
Babban matsalolin da ilmin kimiya na ilimin halitta dole ya warware a halin yanzu sune kamar haka:
tsinkaya da kimanta yiwuwar mummunan sakamako a cikin yanayi a ƙarƙashin tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam,
haɓaka ingancin yanayin halitta,
kiyayewa, haifuwa da amfani da albarkatun kasa.
inganta inganta injiniya, tattalin arziki, ƙungiya, shari'a, zamantakewa da sauran hanyoyin tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban muhalli, da farko a cikin mafi yawan yanayin rashin gurɓatar muhalli.
Amfani da lafiyar kasa wani yanki ne na ilmin kimiya, sakamakon binciken wanda aka yi niyya don magance matsalolin muhalli masu kariya (kariya daga gurbata muhalli ta masu maye, amfani da albarkatun kasa, fasahar ci gaba a bangarori daban daban na tattalin arziki, da sauransu). A halin yanzu, a cikin nazarin ilimin halittu, yankunan da ke gaba suna samun ci gaba sosai: masana'antu (injiniyanci), fasaha, aikin gona, likita, sinadarai, nishaɗi, da sauransu.
Bayanai
- An ba da lambar ta 1 don 2020.
- Taron Ilimin Kimiyya da Aiwatarwa na XV na Rasha tare da Kasancewa ta Duniya "Tsarin ilimin halittu na ƙasa: matsaloli da mafita" zai faru 18 ga Mayu a tsari na kan layi. Je zuwa
- Afrilu 18 a Cibiyar Chemistry da Ilimin Kimiyya na Jami'ar Jihar Vyatka ta gudanar da nesa da Olympiad a cikin ilimin sunadarai na kwayoyin halitta ga ɗalibai a makarantu da makarantu na sana'a a Kirov da yankin Kirov. Ya samu halartar yara 90 na makarantar KOGOBU Lyceum No. 9 na Slobodsky, "Kirov Cadet Corps mai suna bayan Hero na Soviet Union A.Ya. Oparin", MOAU "Lyceum No. 21", Cibiyar Ilimi mai suna. A. Nekrasov ”, KOGOAU LEN, makarantar sakandare ta MBOU tare da UIOP No. 30, ƙauyen sakandaren KOGOBU. Arbazh, KOGOBU SSH tare da ƙauyen UIOP. Kilmez, Makarantar Ilimi ta Jihar Moscow "Lyceum tare da Cadet Classes mai suna bayan G. S. Shpagin", Vyatskiye Polyany, Yankin Kirov, makarantar sakandare ta MOAU tare da UIOP A'a 37, makarantar sakandare ta KOGOBOU tare da UIOP mazaunin Falenki, makarantar sakandare ta KOBU tare da UIOP No. 1 Kotelnich, makarantar sakandare ta KOGOBU da Oleg da dai sauransu Kuma kuma studentsalibai 24 daga ACT na Kirov - KOGPOBU "Kirov Medical College", Kirov College of Music mai suna bayan I. V. Kazenin, KOGPOBU "Vyatka Automobile da Kwalejin Masana'antu". Cibiyar Chemistry da Lafiyayyen Halittu ta nuna matukar godiya ga malamai da malamai wadanda suka shirya yaran don shiga gasar ta Olympiad a cikin wannan mawuyacin lokaci na kauda kai ga duk kasar.
Wadanda suka yi nasara: Kasimova Alina Kasymovna, KOGOBU Lyceum №9 na Slobodsky da Vinokurov Egor Alekseevich, "Kirov Cadet Corps mai suna bayan gwarzo na Soviet Union A.Ya. Oparin" - Ya ku marubuta masu rubutu kan a Turanci harshe. Muna ba da shawarar ku haɗa fasalin Rashan don ƙarin fayil a cikin asusunku.
- Ya ku marubuta da masu karatu!
Mun yi hanzarin sanar da ku cewa mujallar '' Ka'idar Nazari da Aiwatar da Tsarin Ilimin Lafiya '' tun 2019 ta shiga cikin tushen dandalin kimiyyar kimiya na Yanar gizo - Abubuwan Haɓaka Abubuwan Indididdigar Bayanai (ESCI), da kuma Abubuwan Binciken logicalwayoyin Binciken Rabaice da BIOSIS. Batutuwa daga 2017 za a shigar dasu cikin bayanan. - Don tambayoyi game da aikin rukunin yanar gizon da asusun sirri, rubuta kawai ta e-mail: [email protected]. Zuwa wasu adiresoshin imel na tallafin fasaha ba amsa.
An gama aiki a kan wani abu makamancin wannan
Masana kimiyyar kere-kere wani reshe ne na ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere wanda ke karantar da ma'amala tsakanin masana'antu da muhalli kuma, a takaice, tasirin muhalli ga ayyukan masana'antu da fasaha. Hakanan ana cikin nazarin tsarin ilmin kimiya na masana'antu, ana kuma nazarin hanyoyin don rage mummunan tasirin masana'antar ta hanyar biosphere ta hanyar inganta fasahar, wuraren ba da magani, ka'idodin sarrafa sharar gida, da sauransu.
Tsarin ilimin dabbobi shine filin da ake amfani da lafiyar halittu wanda ke magance matsalolin muhalli da aikin noma ya haifar. Masana kimiyya waɗanda ke aiki a wannan fagen suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka hanyoyin da za su iya taimakawa rage mummunar tasiri a cikin mahallin yayin samun samfuran kayan aikin gona masu inganci. A tsarin wadannan ayyuka, ya zama dole a la’akari da yadda ake amfani da takin zamani da takin zamani, daukar nauyin ƙasa, da kuma kiwo dabbobi.
Injiniya na dabi'a a matsayin reshe na ilimin halittu masu amfani da dabi'a ya bayyana ne kwanan nan, yana yin nazarin yadda yanayi da fasaha ke hulɗa. Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda ke aiki a wannan fanni suna nazarin ka'idodi na samuwar tsarin fasahar halitta, suna tunanin yiwuwar dabarun gudanarwa don irin wannan tsarin, la'akari da amincin muhalli. Babban aikin aikin injiniya shi ne yin ayyukan muhalli a bangarorin masana'antu na kyautata muhalli.
Lafiya a ilimin likita shine reshe na ilimin kimiya wanda ya karanci tasirin yanayi a lafiyar dan adam. Tushen ilimin kimiyar halittu yana da alaƙa da irin wannan kimiyyar kamar toxicology, cututtukan dabbobi, ilimin halittu, kimiya. Masana ilimin muhalli a fannin kiwon lafiya na nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin cututtukan ɗan adam da canje-canjen muhalli. A cewar WHO, 45% na lafiyar ɗan adam sun dogara da yanayin muhalli. Lafiyar ilimin likita ta ƙayyade haɗarin nauyin anthropogenic, yanke hukunci game da yadda lafiyar keɓaɓɓiyar lafiyar wannan ko waccan yanki, bincika da kuma magance cututtukan da ke tashi saboda yanayin muhalli mara kyau.
Kiwon lafiya na kimiyyar kere-kere wani reshe ne na ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere wanda ya yi nazari kan yadda sinadarai da ke shiga mahallin ke shafansa, da yadda za a rage watsi da sunadarai zuwa cikin yanayi, da kuma yadda za a rage lahani. Sakamakon sunadarai sun shiga cikin mahallin, yanayin, ruwa da ƙasa sun kamu. Sau ɗaya cikin ruwa, ƙasa da iska, duk waɗannan sinadarai masu haɗari suna lalata kwayoyin halittar abubuwa masu rai, kuma musamman mutane.
Lafiyayyen birni sashi ne na ilimin muhalli da aka yi amfani da shi wanda ke yin nazarin hulɗa da yanayin birni da yanayin ƙasa. Yanayin birni ya hada da tsarin zamantakewa, fasaha, tsarin bayanai. Batun nazarin ilimin halittu na birni shine tsarin birane na abubuwan rayayyun halittu da abubuwan da ke haifar dasu.
Ilimin ilimin lissafi wani reshe ne na ilimin kimiyyar halittu wanda ke warware matsalolin muhalli ta hanyar lissafi da hanyoyi. Misali, ilmin kimiya na ilimin lissafi yayi bincike game da yanayin rayuwar jama'a. A cikin tsarin wannan horo akwai ka'idodin lissafi na kuzarin yawan jama'a. A cikin wannan ka'idar, an gabatar da kuzarin yawan nau'in halitta ta tsarin tsarin ilmin lissafi da kuma daidaitattun ma'auni.
Lafiyar Qasa ta tattalin arziƙi wani yanki ne da ake amfani da ilimin halittu wanda ke yin nazarin hulɗar da abubuwan abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli tare da abubuwan tattalin arziƙi. Ilimin kimiyyar halittu yana nufin rage gurbata yanayi, ƙasa da ruwa, don taimakawa koyon yadda za a yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yayin tabbatar da tushen biyan bukatun mutane.
Lafiyar dabi'a wani bangare ne na ilimin kimiyar kasa wanda ya yi aiki da kirkirar tsarin majalisi don kare muhalli. Lafiyar dabi'a ta ba da kariya ga muhalli kuma yana ba da tabbacin kiyaye muhalli ga yawan jama'a.
Hanyar Ilimin Lafiya
Babban hanyoyin da ake amfani da lafiyar lafiyar dabbobi sun hada da:
- hanyar tsarin tsari
- Hanyar lura da yanayi
- hanyar gwaji
- hanyar yin zane
- rajista da hanyar kimantawa
- saka idanu
- Hanyar tantance kwayoyin halittu, hanyoyin da za'a tantance halittar dabbobi da kuma yawan aiki
- Binciken cybernetic da hanyar yin lissafi
Tsarin tsarin shine babban bangare na binciken muhalli. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kusan duk wani abu na binciken yanayin yana da tsari. A tsarin dabaru, duka ka'idojin nazari da nahaka suna aiki da juna.
Ofaya daga cikin na farko a cikin binciken muhalli don amfani da hanyar yin rijista da ƙimantawa, mafi yawan lokuta Ina amfani da shi don saka idanu kan yanayin yanayin. Misalan hanyar darajar sune:
- ji na zazzabi, ruwa,
- jika danshi
- Nazarin sinadarai na iska, ruwa, ƙasa,
- ma'aunin filin rediyo,
- ji na yanayi na yanayi:
- tabbatar da matsayin mataki na gurbata ruwa, iska, ƙasa.
Daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin amfani da lafiyar dabbobi shine lura da yanayin muhalli, watau lura da ingancin ruwa, iska, yanayin kasar.
Tushen nazarin al'ummomin halitta sune hanyoyin lissafin adana nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta da kuma hanyoyin tantance halittu da haɓakarsu. Don sarrafa yanayin tsabtace muhalli, don hana mutuwar dabbobi da tsirrai, ana kirga mutane cikin wasu yankuna, ana ƙididdige abubuwan da aka kama, sannan ana sanya lambobin ta amfani da kayan ɓoye.
Ana yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje sau da yawa don nazarin tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli akan rayayyun halittu. A cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, yanayi yana misaltawa lokacin da ɗayan abubuwan halitta suka rinjayi rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, sannan masana kimiyya suka yanke shawara dangane da sakamakon da ake samu dangane da yanayin rayuwa wanda ba shi da kyau kuma wanene.
Hanyoyin cybernetic da lissafi a cikin ilimin halittu sun kuma taimaka a ci gaban ilimin halittu. Mafi yawan lokuta, masana muhalli dole su magance matsalolin da ba na tsari ba, don haka dole ne masana kimiyya su koma ga hanyoyin kwaikwayo. Tushen wannan hanyar ita ce fasahar kwamfuta ta zamani.
Godiya ga haɓaka software, kwamfutoci a yau ma ana fara amfani dasu don magance matsalolin muhalli. Musamman waɗannan hanyoyin sun dace sosai don magance matsalolin duniya ta amfani da hanyoyin ƙirar duniya. Wadannan hanyoyin na iya taimakawa wajen hasashen ci gaban duniya.
Taswirar Jama'a
Wadanda suka kafa majallar: Gidan Buga Bugawa na LLC "Yin yatsa", FSBEI HE "Jami'ar Jihar Vyatka"
Mawallafin: -Arancin Laƙata na Kamfanin O-Brief
Rajista ne daga Ma'aikatar Tarayya don Kula da Sadarwar Sadarwa, Fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwar Mass.
Lambar yin rajista da ranar yanke shawara game da rajista: jerin PI No. FS77-74434 na Nuwamba 23, 2018
Ana sake nazarin abubuwan. Sake bugawa ba tare da izinin wallafawar ba, an hana yin amfani da su, yayin da aka ambata sunayen. Editocin ba su da alhakin daidaitaccen bayanin da ke kunshe cikin tallace-tallace.