Fasali: Mammalia (Dabbobi)

Subclass: Aria (Viviparous dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi na gaske)

Infraclass: Placentalia (Mafi girma, mafi ƙanƙan ciyayi)

Suborder / oda: Glires (Rodent)

Umarni / oda: Rodentia (Al'adani)

Suborder / oda: Myomorpha (Mouse-like)

Superfamily: Muroidea (Mice)

Iyali: Cricetidae (Hamster, ko Hamster)

Subfamily: Kayan Casa (Hamsters)

Jinsi: Kirikiri (Matsakaici Hamsters)

Duba: Brandt sanan (Brandt Hamster)

Tana zaune a cikin Asiya - tuddai masu kafafun tuddai da yammacin duniya (yammacin Iran, Turkiyya), Minan Asiya da Transcaucasia. Hakanan ana samun shi a kudu maso gabashin Ciscaucasia a cikin filaye da dama na Dagestan kudu da gabashin kogin. A Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, da dai sauransu.) A cikin Transcaucasus, kewayon Brandt hamster yana da tsaka-tsaki, an san sassanyayensa a cikin shirak steppe (Iorsky da Kartalinsky plateaus) kazalika a tsakiya da kudancin Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karayazi da wasu). Ya fi kyau a yankuna da yawa na tsaunukan Kasuwancin ,arami, musamman ma ɓangarorinsa na yamma da arewa maso yamma, a Nagorno-Karabakh da kuma tuddai na Nakhichevan mai mulkin Soviet da Talysh.

Girman har zuwa 15 cm, tsawon wutsiya har zuwa 3.9 cm.

Launi a cikin launin sautin launin ruwan kasa, launin tokare mai duhu, launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, ya haɗa da farin-kunne, ciki daga fari zuwa haske, launin toka, launin toka, kirji a kirji tsakanin goshin.

Yana da alamun kunci.

Wadannan hamsters suna da hannu, sun saba da rayuwa cikin yanayin m, sabili da haka suna cin ruwa kaɗan, suna aiki da yawa cikin dare.

Yanada yankuna, yakamata a kiyaye su daya bayan daya.

Ba sa yin hulɗa da kyau da mutum.

Girman Kayan kwalliya don samfurin Brandt yakamata ya zama akalla 50x30 cm, gwargwadon yiwuwa. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ɗakuna guda-ɗaya, yana da kyau don sanya masara ko filler itace a ƙasa, tabbas kuna buƙatar dabaran, gidan, sandunansu na katako daga bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace don hako haƙoran, ma'adinai da duwatsun gishiri. Masu ba da abinci guda biyu sun fi kyau - don bushe da rigar abinci, kwanon sha. Kuna iya sanya hay ko farin tawul na takarda a cikin gidan.

Kuna iya barin hamster ya gudana a ƙasa a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na musamman.

Tsawon rayuwa Shekaru 2.

A cikin daji, Brandt na hamster suna cin tsaba, ciyayi masu yawa da ƙananan kwari.

A gida, tushen abincin wannan hamsters ya kamata ya kasance haɗakar hatsi mai inganci - zaɓin abinci a cikin shagunan dabbobi yana da girma. Kuna iya ƙara gammarus bushe, yanka na karas, apples, pears, letas, masara, beets, dandelion ganye, cucumbers zuwa abinci.

Mai yiwuwa ga wuce gona da iri.

Shekarun rayuwa.

Jagoranci irin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba.

Ba mai lamba sosai.

Mafi sau da yawa, hamsters sha wahala daga wuce gona da iri - dole ne a hankali bi da adadin ciyar a kan marufi na abinci.

Ectoparasites - dame - za'a iya samun su - an samu nasarar rarrashi ne tare da taimakon digo daga cikin layin gaban.

Don shayarwa, kuna buƙatar dasa kamar wata biyu, mata masu girma suna shayarwa sau 2 a shekara kuma ana iya ba da izinin abokiyar aure yana da shekaru aƙalla watanni 4. A brood yawanci 12-15 tsirara hamsters wanda girma da sauri.

Duba halayyar

Kamar sauran nau'in dangin Khomyakov, Brandt hamster yana da wasu keɓaɓɓun fasali na rayuwa, bayyanar, yana ba da damar rarrabasu ta wannan hanyar. Kafin samun hamster, yakamata ku tabbata cewa wannan wakilan tsarkakakke ne. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci don buƙatar takaddun takaddun daga shayarwa masu tabbatar da asalin dabba.

Habitat

A cikin daji, jariran galibi suna zaune a Turkiyya, Isra'ila, Lebanon, da gabashin Ciscaucasia. A wa annan yankuna, dabbobi suna gina gidajensu a kan tsaunin tuddai. Suna da yawa, suna can nesa ba kusa da ciyawar ciyawa ba, ciyawar dutse, da filayen da mutum ya shuka. A wuraren da ke da zafi da laima, dabbobi ba a gan su.

Yawancin lokaci ana iya samun su a cikin ƙafafun Transcaucasia da Yammacin Asiya. Anan, rodents sun gwammace su zauna kusa da filayen hatsi dake kan tsaunin tuddai. A saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa manoma da ke noma su kan shirya hare-hare a kan shinge, suna kama su. Da yawa suna danganta su da kwari na gona, kodayake idan akwai isasshen abinci, yaran ba sa washe hannun jari da mutane suka yi.

Bayyanar

Rodents, kamar sauran mutane daga dangin Khomyakov, suna da takamaiman fasali dangane da bayyanar. Wadannan sun hada da:

• jiki, kai tsawon 18 santimita,
• gaban wutsiya, tsawon santimita 3,
• nauyi ya kai gram 296
• kananan kunnuwa
• earthy-brown inuwa daga cikin manya, launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi-baki a saman ciki, kasancewar bakance farar fata tsakanin goshin,
• gaban paws na wani farin gashi, halin da mara gashi soles.

Kamar sauran ƙwayoyin wuta, hamsters suna da alamun ƙyalli. Daga gare su ne ɗaɗɗen launuka biyu mai launi mai launin shuɗi-biyu, yana rarraba kansa kashi biyu, yana ƙaruwa sama da abin ɗamarar kafada. A cikin hunturu, launin fur ɗin ya zama mara nauyi, saboda haka yana da wahalar samun masu farauta su sami dabbobin cikin murfin dusar ƙanƙara.

Rayuwa

Brandt hamster, kamar sauran wakilan dangin Khomyakov, sun fi son yin aiki da dare. Tsawon rayuwarsa a cikin daji in babu dalilai na waje na iya zama shekara biyu. Rodents ba ya zama cikin ƙungiyoyi, ƙasa. Bayan miji, maza sun bar mace, ba sa shiga cikin ilimin yara.

A lokacin hunturu, hamsters yawanci hibernate. Yawancin lokaci wannan tsari yana farawa a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba kuma yana kasancewa har zuwa farkon kwanakin watan Afrilu. Da zaran zafin bazara na farko ya fara aiki, sai yaran su farka su tashi. An gina shinge na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi kamar haka: suna bacci tsawon kwana biyar zuwa bakwai, sannan su kasance a farke na wasu ranaku, suna yawo a kogunan nasu, suna cin abinci na abinci.

Dabbobin Mink sun yi ta tono, amma, suna da ƙofar shiga da fita. A cikin rami akwai manyan rassa. A wasu daga cikinsu dabbar tana bacci, a cikin wasu tana adana abinci, tana rarrabe ta. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole rami ya kasance a cikin rami inda aka adana hay, wanda yara ke sanya shinge, hibernating.

Abincin

Tushen abincin mai ƙoshin ƙwaƙwalwa ya kasance daga tubers na tsirrai da albarkatu. Yawancin lokaci suna yin ajiyar hatsi, lemo, wake da masara. Mafi yawanci wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da hamsters suka zauna kusa da filayen da mutane suka noma. Sun kasance a cikin mutane voracious mutane, sabili da haka kokarin ajiye sama da yawa abinci ne sosai ga hunturu. A lokacin bazara da watanni na bazara, jariran ma suna cin kwari, ƙanwarsu.

Kiwo

Maza suna samun mace, suna shirye don dabbar ta hanyar canjin, ta ƙanshi. Idan kuwa ta kasance a kan hanyarta, sukan hadu da masu gasa, to lallai za a ci gaba da gwagwarmaya. Bayan haka, idan namiji ya sadu da wasu mata masu yawa a kan hanyar zuwa ga burin, a shirye domin hadi, lallai zai cika aikin “haila”. Ainihin, lokacin kiwo ya fara a watan Afrilu kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba.

Mace mai ciki na iya wuce kwanaki 22. Za a iya samun ham ham 20 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, waɗanda aka aika zuwa abincin kansu lokacin watan farko na rayuwa. Kawai waɗanda aka haife su kafin hibernation fara overwinter tare da mahaifiyarsu. A irin waɗannan halayen, mutuwar jariran ba sabon abu ba ne, kamar yadda, suna girma, sun fara yin faɗa a tsakanin su, suna yin takara don abinci da ƙasa. A cikin lokacin kiwo ɗaya, mace zata iya haihuwar kuma tayi girma daga litters biyu zuwa huɗu.

Ana ɗaukar mace ta gari mata ne domin suna kula da yaransu sosai. Maza da yawa ma suna ƙoƙarin kada su kama idanun mahaukatan masu juna biyu, yayin da suke zama masu tsananin ƙarfi, suna iya kai hari ga abokan gaba idan ba sa son halinsa ko ƙanshin da yake yadawa. Hamsters suna ciyar da ganye sosai akan ganyayyaki kore da nono.

Brandt hamster a gida yana buƙatar kulawa. Don haka, keji ya zama babba. Dole ne ya kasance shi kadai ne mazaunin da ke ciki, in ba haka ba dole ne ya yi faɗa da maƙwabcinsa, wanda ba kawai zai iya haifar da mutuwarsa ba, har ma ya haifar da yanayin damuwa wanda ke da wahalar ladabtar da mai ƙarfi. Kayan ya kamata ya sami adadin kayan haɗi don ƙungiyar don gudanar da horo na zahiri, kamar yadda ya zama dole don shigar da mai ciyarwa, kwanon sha, bayan gida da gida. Yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da jarrabawar yau da kullun game da jariran domin sanin lokaci kan fara ci gaban cututtukan da ke kama da cutuka waɗanda zasu cutar da rayuwar jariri. Abincin abincinsu a cikin gida yakamata ya daidaita, cike da ƙarin abubuwan bitamin. Tare da kulawa da ta dace da ta dace, masu kwatancen bauta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru uku zuwa huɗu.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Burrows suna da haɗin kai a cikin yankuna, wanda baya hana haɓakawa Brandt daga kasancewa cikin ƙawance na lamura: mata da maza suna zaune daban a waje da lokacin matsewar. A cikin rukuni na ham ham akwai jagora koyaushe, rawar da mafi yawan lokuta mata ke ɗauka. Abubuwan mallaka na Hamster, duk da manyan wurare, ana sanya su a saman juna, saboda abin da maƙwabta ke barin ramuka ta awa daya, suna ƙoƙarin haɗuwa. Don haka, daga 25-30 rodents zaune kusa da, a lokaci guda, ba fiye da yankuna uku ke bincika. Ana yiwa yankin ƙasa alama da wani sirri daga gland shine yake a saman cinyarsa na waje.

Burrows ya tono a kan elevations, hillocks da mounds. Morearin daɗaɗa ƙasa, zurfin ƙasa kuma mafi wahalar motsawa: a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, har zuwa 10 m a tsayi kuma 2 m zurfi. Burrows suna sanye da dakuna, a ɗakunan ajiya da gidan wanka. An bayan gida a kullun tare da ƙasa, kuma hamsters dole ne su gina sabon. Brandt ta hamster yana da tsayayye da jinkiri, amma, neman wuraren zama, yana da damar yin dogon canji. Tare da barazanar ta waje, da wuya ya gudu. Lokacin ƙoƙarin fitar da shi daga rami, hamster ya fashe da kuka da fushi, yana tsalle daga murfin yana ƙoƙarin kama mai laifin, yana sa cizo sosai kuma daidai.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Entwan sanda, wanda aka kama a saman, ya fashe da kuka mai ƙarfi, ya murƙushe ɓarna, ya haƙo haƙoransa da hanzari ya girgiza ƙanƙanun gabansa, yana ƙoƙarin kama maƙiya da maƙobbansa (karce ko cire shi don cizo).

Zuwa lokacin hunturu, Transcaucasian ya kange hibernate, wanda tsawonsa ya ƙaddara shi da girman yankin. Hibernation yana farawa tare da sanyi lokacin farko na rana, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka shimfiɗa tsari daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Brandt ta hamster yana da bacci mai tsayi - yana farkawa da kowane lokacin sanyi. Harkokin hibern yana gudana kamar ƙofar, kuma bisa ga al'ada ta faɗi a ƙarshen Fabrairu - Afrilu.

Yawancin Brandt hamsters suna zaune

Wakilan nau'in suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 2, suna sake sau 2-3 a shekara. Matan da suka haihu a cikin bazara suna samun haihuwa ta hanyar kaka, suna da zuriya (4 zuwa 20 hamsters).

Girjin yarinyar ya kai kwanaki 16 zuwa 16, yana kamala da bayyanar da makafin hamsters, wanda baya hana su daga zafin motsa abinci kadan. Animalsaramar dabbobi, tare da mazaunan ƙasa da babbar mace, sun sami independenceancin kai ta kwanaki 50 tare da zama tare na wani ɗan lokaci. Zuwa shekaru 70 cif, jama'ar gari ke tashi.

Dimorphism na jima'i

Ellingwafin almond mai kumburi (gwaje-gwaje) a cikin perineum, wanda ya bayyana a ranar 35-40, zai ba da labarin jima'i na hamsar Transcaucasian. Gaskiya ne, suna da wuyar rarrabewa tsakanin samari maza, da kuma waɗanda ke fama da matsalar cryptorchidism.

Mahimmanci! Yin jima'i yana da sauƙin tantance ta wurin urethra da dubura: a cikin mace, dubura tana da kusanci da farji, yayin da a cikin maza duka ramuka sun rabu da yankin da gashin yayi girma. Idan aka sami rami ɗaya, mace tana gabanku.

Kari akan haka, garkuwar namiji an rufe shi da ulu sosai kuma an yi masa kwalliya a cikin cibiya tare da plaque mai launin shuɗi, mace kuma ba ta da irin wannan plaque, amma an cika ta da layuka 2 na kan nono.

Habitat, mazauni

The Transcaucasian hamster, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, da farko yana zaune a dutsen / yankuna piedmont na Transcaucasia (Armenia da South Georgia), Dagestan, har zuwa Yammacin Asiya. Rodents ne na kowa a Gabas Ciscaucasia, Lebanon, Isra'ila da Turkiya.

Yankin Brandt Hamster ya ƙunshi shimfidar wurare da shimfidar dutse-tsaunin da ke nisan mil 0.3-3 kilomita sama da matakin teku. Tare da tsarukan dutsen (dutsen da matattarar ƙafar), mai saurin zaɓi yana zaɓar tsire-tsire masu cakuda / ciyawar-ciyawar tsutsa, guje wa wuraren da ke dafe ko kuma wuraren bushewa. Galibi suna mamaye filayen hatsi. Gabaɗaya, dabbobi sun gwammace ɗakin kwana ko kuma rami mai faɗi a inda matsanancin ƙasa yake.

Ra'ayin ya yarda da zaman lafiya. Matasa masu hankali sukan sami saukin amfani da hannaye, wanda baza'a iya faɗi game da manya ba. Na biyu, sau ɗaya a cikin keji daga yanayi, galibi ba sa iya ninkawa, saboda haka don kiwo zaku buƙaci matasa. Bayan saba wa mai shi, Mai Transcaucasian hamster ya shawo kan abin da ya haifar da rashin jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi kuma yana yin bincike da kyau a cikin sabon gida.

Cikakkiyar sel

Tun da ƙararren kamfanin Brandt yana da girma, zai buƙaci wani keji mai fili (aƙalla 40 * 60 cm) tare da sanduna na kwance, tazara tsakanin wanda yake 5-6 mm.

Don yin ƙwanƙwasa kamar zama a cikin keji, wadatar da shi da halayen:

• feeder (Ya sanya daga gilashin farin ciki ko yumbu),
• gidan (yawanci filastik),
• m (nono) kwano mai sha,
• m saman ƙafafun
• tashoshi
• wasannati (na iya zama kwali),
• dutse ma'adinai
• bayan gida da filler.

Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar girman gidan, tuna cewa hamster, har ma tare da jakunkuna kunci, na iya shiga cikin sauƙi. Rufin gidan, a matsayin doka, an cire shi, amma ba ya tashi daga taɓawa mai haɗari.

Gudu a cikin dabaran / tsani yana ceton dabbobi daga rashin aiki na jiki da kiba: hamster yana tafiyar kilomita 10 a dare daya. An saita tire a cikin wani kusurwa, yana amfani da ƙarancin shiga can tun daga ƙuruciya. Karamar ba zai iya yin ba tare da pallet ba - zurfin iyawar, ƙasa da tarkace a waje. Ana sanya shinge na katako a ƙasan.

Cututtukan cututtukan fata

Brandt na hamster yana da wuya sosai ga jinsin mutum harma da cututtukan cututtukan da ake samu a cikin dukkan cututtukan gida. A mafi yawan cututtuka da na kowa:

• cututtuka na mafitsara / koda - da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta yana da rauni, ƙishirwa koyaushe kuma sau urinates (wani lokacin tare da ciwo da jini),
• kiba - cutar ta yaɗu tare da sakamako, saboda yana shafar aikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Ana cire hatsi mai kalori sosai daga abincin, ana maye gurbinsu da ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari,
• mura - sanadi shine sanƙuwar jini ko kamuwa da cuta (sau da yawa daga mai ba da lafiya),
• zawo - ya bayyana saboda yawan cin kayan lambu ko tare da canjin abinci sosai,
• maƙarƙashiya - na faruwa ne sakamakon rashin ruwa ko kuma amfani da bushewar abinci. Tare da maƙarƙashiya, ƙwaƙwalwar maƙaƙƙiyar hanya ce, kuma an rage adadin zuriyar dabbobi a cikin keji,
• karaya - hamsters yakan lalata rauni da wutsiya, fadowa daga tsayi ko gudu ba tare da nasara ba a cikin abin hawa. Dabbobin gida suna iyakantuwa a cikin motsi, kuma madara, gurasa mai laushi da wuri don karnuka an ƙara cikin menu.

Kula, tsabta

An saka bayan gida a cikin keji, amma tabbatar da wadatar da shi da wanka na yashi, wanda dole ne a sayi kantin sayar da dabbobi (yawanci wannan yashi ne don chinchillas). Wankin ya zama filastik, yumbu ko gilashi. Brandt ham ham, kamar sauran hamsters, ba a yin wanka (suna yin sanyi, suna rashin lafiya har ma sun mutu daga wannan). Tsarkakewa daga datti da cututtukan waje yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon yashi.

Sau ɗaya a mako, Wajibi ne a tsabtace keji na hamster ta amfani da samfurori masu laushi (mara guba), kamar shan ruwan soda, lokacin wanka. Yana da al'ada al'ada shirya tsaftacewar bazara a kowane wata shida.Duk wani tsabtatawa yana ƙare tare da komawa zuwa cikin keji na ɗimbin “tsohuwar” mai cike da ƙanshin ƙanshin ɗan ƙasa don ita - wannan ya zama dole don zaman lafiyar dabbar.

Entirƙirai mai kyau

Hamsters ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini-ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan tare da ɗan paws, ƙananan kunnuwa da gajeren ƙaramin siliki. Tsayin tsawon jiki daga 5 zuwa 34 cm, wutsiya a tsawon daga 0.7 zuwa 10 cm. Mace na iya wuce yawan maza. Jawo mai kauri, na baya yana canza launin daga ashen ko launin ruwan kasa-launin toka mai ruwan duhu-ocher. Ana samun ciki cikin baƙi, fari ko launin toka. A bayan bango akwai farar fata. Hamsters shima ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan jijiyoyi a cikin ingantattun kayan karaya.

Siffofin Abinci na Hamster

Hamsters suna cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran abu, amma abincin da aka shuka ya fi rinjaye a cikin abincinsu. Bugu da kari, masu amfani da naman alade suna ciyar da kwari da lardin su, kananan kwayoyi (mice, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma amphibians). A cikin kaka, suna canzawa zuwa tsaba da ƙwaya, kuma suna adana su da yawa daga kilogiram 0.5 zuwa 11-16. Wani lokacin pantries na hamsters tare da hannun jari na hatsi da dankali sun kai 90 kilogiram. Har ila yau, Hamsters suna kawo hatsi, Peas, shinkafa, gero, buckwheat, lupine, masara, lentil, dankali a cikin kayan kwantena, suna ajiye nau'o'in iri daban daban. Hamster yana cin waɗannan ajiyar a cikin hunturu, tana farkawa na ɗan lokaci daga yanayin rashin himma, kuma a lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin bayyanar sabon abinci.

Hamster yana ɗaukar abinci a cikin firam na kunci, inda aka sanya kusan alkama 46 na alkama. Zai iya ɗaukar abinci kusan kilomita 1.

Hamster yadawo

An rarraba Hamsters a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, Asiaan Asiya, Siriya, Iran, Siberiya, Mongolia, arewacin China da Koriya.

Yawancin mutane suna zaune a cikin gandun daji-steppe da steppe. A wajen kudu, ya fi son wuraren da ke da laushi, alal misali, kwarin kogin. Ana samo shi a cikin tsaunuka masu tsayi har zuwa 3600 m sama da matakin teku, zuwa wuraren cin ciyayi na dutse da gandun daji. Hakanan yana haɓaka wuraren da ake nomawa, kamar filayen shinkafa, filayen gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, lambunan kayan lambu, ginin mazaunin. An fi son wadatar ƙasa mai yawa, maras nauyi a kan ƙasa mai yashi.

Babban Hamster (Kiriketi Cricetus)

Tsawon jikin mutum tsoho ne 27-34 cm, wutsiya tana da tsawon cm 3-8, saurin kuma yakai 700 g. Gashin wutsiya suna fitowa zuwa ƙarshen kuma an rufe shi da gajeru, gashi mai ƙima. Kunnuwa suna gajeru, duhu. Jawo yana da kauri da taushi. Launi mai haske ne, yana bambanta. Gaban baya launin ja ne, launin toka ya yi fari. Abubuwa biyu masu haske masu haske suna iya gani a tarnaƙi, rabuwa da baƙar fata. Hakanan akwai wurare masu haske a gefun kai da bayan kunnuwa. Akwai samfurori marasa kyau na baki ko baƙar fata tare da farin aibobi a kafafu da wuya. A cikin duka, an bayyana fiye da adadin 10 na hamster na kowa. Launin ya yi haske daga arewa zuwa kudu, girman jiki yana ƙaruwa daga yamma zuwa gabas da kuma daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Jinsunan suna zaune a cikin makiyaya da kuma gandun daji na Eurasia daga Belgium zuwa Altai da arewacin Xinjiang.

Brandt Hamster ko Transcaucasian Hamster (Mallaka alama alama)

Tsawon Jiki 15-18 cm, tsawon wutsiya 2-3 cm. Nauyi zuwa 300 g. Kunnuwa sunada ƙanana. A baya launin ruwan kasa ne mai launi. Harshen tummy mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tare da baƙar fata a kirji. Shugaban kan bangarorin yana da launin shuɗi-ja, a ƙarƙashin kunnuwa akwai doguwar baƙi, ƙamshi yana da fari. Aljihu fari ne. Jawo yana da taushi, kauri akan wutsiya.

Gidajen jinsunan sun hada da Turkiyya, Isra'ila, Lebanon, da gabashin Ciscaucasia. Tana zaune a saman dutsen da gangara, tsaunukan tsaunuka da wuraren noma.

Hamster Radde ko pre-Caucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus raddei)

Tsayin Jikinsa har zuwa 28 cm, tsawon wutsiya kimanin cm 1.5. Koma baya yana da launin ruwan kasa. Midsection baki ko duhu launin toka. Akwai alamun haske a kan cheeks da bayan kunnuwa.

An rarrabu a Georgia da Rasha, a cikin Caucasus na Arewa, a cikin yankin Tervropol da a cikin Ciscaucasia, a cikin kwari da bel.

Newton's Hamster (Newtoni a Newtoni)

Tsawon Jiki 14-17 cm, tsintsiya tsayi har zuwa 2 cm, nauyi 80-150 g .. A baya baya launin toka-toka ne, madaidaicin madaidaicin fata yana wucewa ta tsakiyar baya. Ciki da kirji suna da launin ruwan kasa-baki, ciki abune mai launin shuɗi.

Yana faruwa a cikin Danube, a Bulgaria da Romania.

Hamisa Kannar (kyamara kyamara)

Tsayin tsayin 7-10 cm, gajerar wutsiya, har zuwa 1.5 cm tsayi, nauyi kusan 25 g. Girman kai, zagaye gutsi. Jawo mai launin toka mai duhu tare da ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa, a bango akwai banɗaki mai duhu, tummy na launin toka.

Dabbobin sun zama ruwan dare a cikin Mongolia, a arewacin China a Rasha da Kazakhstan.

Hamisa's Hamis (Alsarricetulus eversmanni)

Tsayin jiki 13-16 cm, wutsiya 2-3 cm tsayi. Kunnuwa sun yi ƙarami. Wutsiya tana da faɗi, shimfiɗaɗɗiya, ɗumbin harara. Jawo gajere ne, mai laushi, mara nauyi. A baya launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa ne ko ja-ja ko yashi. Harshen tummy farin tare da iyaka mai kaifi a bangarorin. Akwai tabo launin ruwan kasa akan makogwaro da nono. Allumai da wutsiya farare ne a ƙasa.

Yana zaune a cikin Tsarin Harshen Tsakiya da Tsakiya, a kudu na Trans-Urals, a cikin Kazakhstan.

Rat hamster (Tscherkia triton)

Tsawon jiki daga 14 zuwa 25 cm, wutsiya 7-10 cm tsayi.Hayi nauyi daga 92 zuwa 241 g. A baya shine haske launin toka-toka, wutsiyar launin duhu ce cikin launi da fararen goge, kafafu farare ne.

Gidajen ya hada da arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin, kudu da Primorsky Krai, Koriya.

Halayyar Hamster

Hamsters dabbobi ne na ƙasa, wasu nau'in za su iya iyo, suna samun iska a cikin huhun kunci. Yawancin lokaci suna rayuwa daya a lokaci guda, a cikin minks. Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, hamsters suna nuna haushi ga dangi kuma galibi suna shirya fada. A cikin hunturu, suna faɗuwa cikin tsawaita ƙuruciya, wanda har yanzu ba shine ainihin rashin sa ba.

Hamsters suna da rayuwa ta taguwa. A cikin ranar suna zama a cikin minks, wanda ya kai 8 m a tsawon kuma 1.5 m zurfi. Zai iya mamaye gopher burrows. A cikin rami akai-akai, daga 2-5, wani lokacin har zuwa fitowar 10, ɗakin sharar gida da kankara.

Gyaran gida

A gida, sun ƙunshi Siriya, Dzungarian, Campbell hamsters da Robor hamsters. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Siriya suna da launi iri-iri, tsari da wando. Maza Siriya masu dogon gashi a wasu lokuta ana kuskuren kiransu "Angora".

Zaɓin hamster, la'akari da Roborovsky hamsters na iya zama a cikin garken, sauran nau'in kuma sun kasance ɗaya, idan an kiyaye su gaba ɗaya, faɗa ya tashi, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da mutuwar mai rauni daga hamsters. Tare da haɗin gwiwa na haɗin gwiwa na hamsters, mace tana haihuwar sau da yawa, wanda ke cutar da lafiyarta kuma ya gajarta rayuwarta. Mace mai ciki na da ikon yanka ko cutar da namiji, yana kare hera cubansa.

Girman keji don hamsters dole ne ya zama aƙalla 50 cm by cm 30. Dole ne a shigar da ƙafafun da ke da shimfiɗa ciki (14-18 cm a diamita) a cikin keji. Cin abinci a gida bai bambanta da cin abinci a yanayi ba. Tushen abincin shine abincin hatsi da kore.

Don dabbar ta hanyar canjin maza, an zaɓi wata mace daga ɗa namiji mai watanni 4 da haihuwa kuma mace daga watanni 9 da haihuwa. Ana haɗuwa wuri ɗaya kan ƙasa tsaka tsaki ko a cikin keji na maza yayin lokacin estrus na mace, wanda yakan faru awanni da yawa a kowane kwanaki 4. Cutar ciki tana daga kwanaki 17 zuwa 20. Lokacin da ya cika makonni 4, balaga ya rabu da mace, ya rabu da jinsi.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da sandent:

• Kalmar "hamster" ta samo asali ne daga Old Slavic, wanda a gefe guda aka aro daga tsohuwar Iran, inda aka fassara "hamaēstar" a matsayin "abokin gaba wanda ke jefa ƙasa." Wataƙila wannan yana nuna cewa hamster ya tanko tushe na hatsi a ƙasa don haka fitar da tsaba.
• An saka alamar Siriya da Newton a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya.
• Abin tashin hankali yana haifar da lalacewar noma, yayin da suke ciyar da kayan abinci da kayan amfanin gona. Bugu da kari, su masu ɗaukar kwayoyin cuta ne na wasu cututtukan da ke kama da cutar, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka haramta ƙunshin bayanan su a Vietnam. Matsakaicin hukuncin cin zarafi shine dala miliyan 30, wanda yayi daidai da kudin shiga na shekara-shekara na mazaunin ƙasar nan. Amma hamsters suma suna amfana. Misali, fatun wasu nau'ikan hamsters an girbe su. Hakanan ana amfani da Hamsters azaman dabbobi na dabbobi da dabbobi.

Iri hamsters

Harshen Siriya. Wannan dabba tana da jiki mai santimita-santimita santimita tare da gajerun kafafu, kunnuwa masu siffa, fuska mai zagaye, idanu - “beads” da karamin wutsiya wanda ba wuya a gan shi a daskararren gashi. Bakin ciki mai nauyi ne, kuma bayansa mai laushi ne ko launin toka-mai-baki. Legsafan hamster yana da yatsu biyar, kuma a ƙafafun gaba akwai yatsunsu huɗu da ƙyalli na yatsa na biyar. A dabi'a, wannan sandar yana zaune ne a cikin minks, kuma yana nuna ayyukansa cikin dare. Hamster yana amfani da pouches kunci don jigilar kayan don gida da gina abinci. Yawancin launi na yau da kullun na rodent ana ɗaukarsa zinari ne, launi na halitta na halitta. Rayuwar Siriya a cikin gida kusan shekaru uku ne.

Babban abinci a cikin Syria hamster a bauta ne hatsi abinci, ban da wanda aka shawarar ba crunchy goodies cewa kawo shi ba kawai yardar, amma kuma kawo babban fa'ida, nika a kullum girma incisors.

Don adana hamster na Siriya a gida, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine keji wanda ke auna 40 cm x 60 cm, wanda yakamata a sanye shi da:
Lita, wanda za a iya amfani da shi tare da ɗanyen tsinkaye na ƙarafan matsakaitan matsakaici, daskararru da danshi da kamshin kamshi mai kyau. An haramta yin amfani da shi azaman gado - auduga ulu, adiko na wando, ƙyamare da jaridu.
komin dabbobi tare da fadin of uku zuwa goma santimita, wanda dole ne a zaɓi yin la'akari da girman sandent.

Lokacin da ake kiwo dangin Siriya, dole ne a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa lallai ne mace ta kasance ba zata yi ƙasa da watanni huɗu ba, kuma namiji ya kamata ya cika watanni uku. Mahalar macster tana dauke da kwanaki goma sha takwas, kuma yawan matasa a cikin magaryar shayarwa ya kasance ne daga mutane hudu zuwa goma sha biyar wadanda suka shayar da nono nono kwana ashirin da takwas. Kafin haihuwa, ana ba da shawarar a share keji, kuma don haihuwa, a yi amfani da karamin gilashin gilashi mai faɗi 40 cm x 25 cm. A lokacin daukar ciki, da ciyarwa, ya zama dole a rarrabe kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan sun hada da abincin furotin a cikin abincin mace, irin su cuku mai ƙoshin mai, dafaffen kwai, da dafaffen naman kaza.

Dzungarian hamster. Wannan sanannen ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne mai tsayi har zuwa 5 cm, nauyi har zuwa gram 45. Wannan nau'in sandent yana da ƙafafun da aka rufe da gashi, madaidaiciya madaidaiciya a baya da kuma wutsiya mai gajeru, wanda kusan kusan ba a gan shi bane, musamman lokacin da dabbar ke zaune. An bambanta Jawo da manyan farin goge-goge. An rarraba shi a busassun kwari da hamada na kudu maso yammacin Siberiya, Gabashin Kazakhstan, a Khakassia.

Dzungarian hamsters suna da dadi don gyaran gida, amma suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da su, abin da ake amfani da shi a Siriya ya fi fasara. Misali, keji domin dansandan ya zama mai fili sosai, tunda dabbobin suna da hannu sosai. Hakanan, ɗan Dzungarian yana buƙatar dutse alli don niƙa hakora. Lokacin ciyar da Dzhungar hamsters, ya kamata a la'akari da yanayin su ga ciwon sukari, don haka ya kamata a cire abincin da ke cikin monosaccharides da aka samo a cikin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da zuma ya kamata a cire su daga abincin.

Ba'a ba da shawarar kiyaye fiye da ɗaya hamster na wannan nau'in a cikin keji guda ba, saboda waɗannan sandunan suna da ƙasa sosai kuma a cikin sarari da ke kewaye suna da ƙarfi ga juna. Lokacin da aka kiyaye su, Jungar hamsters suna rayuwa cikin yanayin damuwa na dindindin, kuma a cikin yaƙe za su iya cutar da juna, har zuwa kisa

Gwargwadon garin Dzungarian na gida sau da yawa ya bambanta da na daji da launi. Amma duk maharan Jungar suna da kunkuntar rago mai duhu a bayanansu. Ana bambanta nau'ikan masu canza launi:
misali (launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa, farin ciki na ciki),
shuɗin yaƙutu (shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, farin ciki fari),
lu'ulu'u mai haske (mara nauyi mara nauyi tare da launin toka),
Tanjarin (cream cream).

A cikin mazauninsu na al'ada, Dzungarian hamsters ta fara daga Maris zuwa Satumba, yayin da suke zaman talala kuma sun fara haifuwa duk shekara. A zuriyar dabbobi zai iya samun daga 1 zuwa 9 cubs. Wata daya bayan haihuwa, yakamata a raba su da jinsin maza. Lokacin balaga yana faruwa daga makonni 4-6, amma an yi imanin cewa irin wannan lokacin da wuri zai iya zama mai haɗari ga mace. An bada shawara don fara mating daga watanni 4. Tsawon lokacin da mace na wannan hamster yake kwanaki 18-22. mace mai ciki da mai shayarwa mace zata haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, idan akwai damuwa mace zata iya kashewa kuma ta ci zuriyarta. Hakanan, mace na iya zama mai zafin rai ga namiji. Mace ta sake shirya haduwa cikin awanni 24 bayan haihuwa, saboda haka namiji yana bukatar a sake yada shi nan da nan ..

Hamster Roborovsky Ba don komai ba ne ake kiran dwarf hamster, tunda wannan shine mafi ƙanƙantar abin ƙyamar su na gida. Yana da gajeren wutsiya, kusan ba mai fitarwa daga ulu. Dwarf hamster yana da ƙoshin hancin-ƙwallon ƙwarya da kuma manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye, baƙar fata a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai ƙananan farin tabo sama da idanun. An rufe baya na Roborovsky hamster da furfura mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi, ciki da ƙafafunsu da fararen fur, tsarkakakkun kuɗaɗen suna raguwa da yawa.

Dwarf hamsters suna zaune da yashi mai cike da yashi cike da caragana. Wadannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin suna ciyar da yawancin ƙwayoyin beets, caragans, hodgepodge, sedges, hatsi, tulips, amma kwari da sauran abubuwan motsa jiki suna taka rawar sakandare a cikin abincinsu. Wadannan hamsters suna aiki da yawa a yamma da dare. Babban burrows da suke tono a cikin yashi ya ƙunshi motsi 1-2 da ɗakin shayarwa. An kara lokacin kiwo kuma yana farawa a farkon Mayu, kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen Satumba. A lokacin kakar, kowace mace tana kawo litter 3-4 tare da ƙwararrun 3-9. Yaran dabbobi daga farkon magudanan ruwa fara fara haihuwar a ƙarshen bazara a farkon shekarar rayuwa.

Conditionsirƙirar yanayi don rayuwa da kula da dwarf hamsters yana da sauƙi. Kuma zai fi kyau a ajiye su a ƙaramin ƙaramar karfe, a ƙasa wanda aka zuba yashi mai nauyi 2-3 cm.Haka kuma ana sanya duwatsu da yawa anan, har da hay, gansakuka, ƙanana da ƙananan rassan. Boxaramar akwatin don gida, wanda dabbobi ke hutawa da ciyar da zuriyarsu, shima wajibi ne. Ya kamata a canza yashi yayin da ya zama datti.

Don ciyar da Roborovsky hamsters, kamar sauran nau'in hamsters, kuna buƙatar abinci iri-iri. Abincin ya kamata ya haɗa da tsaba na daji da tsire-tsire masu girma, kamar gero, sunflower, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye - ganye dandelion ko letas. Bugu da kari, oatmeal, farin gurasa da aka saka a cikin madara ya kamata a ba shi. Wani lokaci ya kamata a ciyar da hamsters tare da tsutsotsi na gari. A lokacin tarawa da lokacin rearing, ya kamata a bai wa dabbobi dabbobin da yawa furotin, wanda ya zama dole don nasarar haihuwa da haɓaka al'ada.

Don samar da dwarf hamsters, kuna buƙatar adana biyu kawai a cikin keji. Bai kamata ku ƙunshi namiji da mace biyu ba, tunda tare da wannan rabo mata yawanci basa haɗuwa. Balaga a cikin yarinyar yarinya yana faruwa da wuri, yana da shekaru 2-3 makonni, matsakaita na kwanaki 19. Kodayake akwai maturation daga baya, lokacin da hamsters fara farawa kawai a cikin watanni 3. Wataƙila wannan sakamakon sakamako ne na yanayi daban-daban.

Matsakaicin lokacin haihuwa shine ranakun 19-22. Yaran sun girma da sauri, fur ɗin ya bayyana a ƙarshen sati na farko kuma yana da shekaru 10 ya riga ya dogara da dabbobi daga mura, amma idanunsu a buɗe na tsawon kwanaki 13. A makonni 3 da haihuwa, sun zama masu zaman kansu kuma ana iya rabuwa da iyayensu. Kuma mace ta wannan lokacin tana shirin yin sabon salo, kuma idan ba ku shuka tsohuwar zuriya ba, to, za su ci gaba da tsotse mahaifiyar, kuma idan suka fi ƙarfi, suna kanana yara. Sakamakon haka, sabbin dabbobi sun rage koma baya a cikin ci gaba kuma suna iya mutuwa koda da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Brandt Hamster ko mai juya Transcaucasian. Rodan ƙaramar ƙangin hamster. An ba da sunan nau'in girmamawa ga masanin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwar ɗan ƙasa mai suna Johann Brandt. Tsawon jiki daga 15 zuwa 18. cm kuma wutsiya daga 2 zuwa 3 cm.Tsawon ƙafar ƙafa shine 16-26 mm. Tsaron kunne 10 - 24 mm. Girman wannan dabbar yana daga 42 - 296 g .. Dabbar tana da ƙananan kunne masu zagaye. Launi na halitta na sutturar babban jikin shine launin ruwan kasa mai laushi. A ciki mai launin shuɗi-launin toka, a kirji tsakanin goshin akwai kullun launin fata wanda ke shimfida sama da kafadu. Wannan hamster yana da kai mai launin rawaya-ja a tarnaƙi, baƙar fata mai zurfi mai zurfi a ƙasa da kunnuwa, fararen fari. Feetafafun ƙafafun tare da bakararren ƙafa Duk Jawo yana da santsi da taushi, kuma a kan wutsiya ne ya fi kauri.

Hankalin Caucasian ya yadu a Turkiyya, Isra'ila, Lebanon, da kuma a gabashin Ciscaucasia. Hakanan yana zaune sassan tuddai da ƙafafun Transcaucasia da Yammacin Asiya. An rarraba shi a kudu a cikin tsaunukan Talysh da kuma arewa maso yammacin Iran, a arewa, a Dagestan, an samo kudu da gabashin kogin. Sulak. A cikin Caucasus, kewayonsa ya shimfida gabas daga jerin bangarorin Arsian da Likh, a cikin dukkanin matakan tsaunuka da tsaunukan tsaunukan Kudancin Georgia da Armenia. Yana faruwa a cikin girman kewayon daga 300 zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku. m. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a cikin tsaunin tuddai. Tana zaune a wuraren da ke da ciyawar itace a kan tsaunukan tuddai, makiyayan tuddai da kuma filayen da mutane suka noma. Guji wurare masu laima da laima.

Yana haifar da mafi yawan salon rayuwa. Ta hanyar dabi'a loner ne. A dabi'a, tsammanin rayuwa kusan shekaru 2 ne. Hibernates don hunturu a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Disamba, kuma yana farkawa a cikin Maris a farkon Afrilu. Tsawon lokacin hurawar ba ta wuce watanni 5-6, amma yana iya wucewa 10. A lokacin hutu, yana bacci daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 7, bayan haka ya farka daga bacci har zuwa kwana 2, ba abu bane sanadin lokacin bacci ya dawwama har zuwa kwanaki 30.

Brandt burger burster ya ƙunshi babban hanyar kwance, ƙaramin adadin kwatsam na kwance yana barin sa, kuma guda ɗaya ne kawai ke kaiwa zuwa saman. Yawan jujjuyawa waje yana rufe da ƙasa. Gashin wannan dabbobin an haƙa shi da zurfin kusan m 2. Don hunturu, hamster yana tattara ƙwayoyin hatsi mai ban sha'awa a cikin rami. Yana ciyar da sassa a kan kore, tsaba da tsiro na tsire-tsire iri iri, da albarkatu.

Cutar Hamster

Hypothermia (sanyi). Hamsters na iya kamuwa da mura ko ya kamu da mura daga mutane. Sabili da haka, idan kuna jin sanyi, rage sadarwa tare da dabbar ku, har sai an gama murmurewa. Dabbobin suna yawan samun sanyi a cikin suttukan da aka sanya kusa da windows ko kuma suna cikin daftarin aiki. Cold hamsters sami hanci na gudu, sun fara yin atishawa. A cikin mafi munanan lamura, zubarwar ido, nutsuwa, asarar nauyi, ƙi abinci da ruwa na iya bayyana.

Idan hamster ya nuna alamun yin zufa da zufa, amma ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi, ya ci gaba da ci da sha, to ya kamata a ajiye shi a wani wurin mai ɗaci, daga nesa. Sanya karin zuriyar dabbobi a cikin keji. Yawancin lokaci a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, hanci yakan gudu a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Idan murmurewa bai faru ba ko yanayin dabba ya lalace, nemi likitan dabbobi, kamar yadda za'a iya buƙatar maganin rigakafi. Idan hamster ɗinku yana nuna alamun tsananin sanyi, kamar ɗagawa daga idanu, faɗuwa, nauyi, ƙi ƙi ko ci, tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi nan da nan. Jinkirta cikin jiyya na iya haifar da rikice-rikice, kamar mashako ko ciwon huhu. Ana bai wa dabbobi marasa lafiya ruwa mai ɗumi, wanda aka haɗa madara da zuma.

Kiba. Idan hamster dinku ba ya da kiba sosai, to, wataƙila shi mai kiba ne. Duk da bayyanar rashin lahani, kiba cuta ce mai girma. Ko da alama a gare ku cewa hamster ɗinku ta ɗan murmure kaɗan kuma ta zama abin farin ciki kawai kuma mai ban sha'awa a cikin bayyanar, zai fi kyau a ƙarar ƙararrawa a gaba don kada ku yi baƙin ciki cewa kun manta da lafiyar dabbobinku.

Sakamakon wannan na iya zama mai muni ga hamster, saboda da farko zuciya tana fama da kiba. Kuma wannan na iya haifar, idan ba don kama bugun zuciya ba, to a mafi kyawun toshewar jijiyoyin bugun zuciya da kuma rashin lafiyar hamster a nan gaba.

Domin hamster ya rasa nauyi, ba shi duk abin da ya cancanta don ya fara jagorancin salon rayuwa. Bugu da kari, ana iya hana kiba. Don yin wannan, kada skimp kuma nan da nan saya your kadan dabba a guje dabaru wanda zai iya motsa jiki a kowace rana. A maraice, hamster yana aiki musamman. Sabili da haka, a wannan lokacin ana iya ba shi damar zagaya gado mai matasai. Kawai ka tabbata cewa bai fadi ko'ina ba, balle gudu.

Matsakaicin, babban ɗan hamster yana cin abinci kusan tablespoons biyu a rana tare da abinci mai narkewa. A gare shi, wannan shine kashi na al'ada, wanda ya isa don kada ya ji yunwa kuma yana iya riƙewa cikin sauƙi har gobe. Don haka, idan hamster ɗinku ya ci abinci fiye da ƙima, to ya kamata ku ba shi ƙwararraki biyu waɗanda aka sanya masa a rana, amma ba ƙari.

Ka tuna cewa naman alade wata dabba ce da ke rayuwa ta hanyar halayen da aka shimfiɗa a ciki da yanayin kanta. A cikin daji, duk suna gudana ne cikin daji don neman abinci. Da zaran sun same shi, nan da nan suka cika su da kayan maye, domin daga baya su girka. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa hamster yana cin abinci yadda yake buƙata, amma ba ƙari. Bayan haka zai kasance lafiyayye kuma ba zai yi kiba ba.

Hanya mafi kyau ga mai ƙwarya ba shine ba abinci wanda ya ƙunshi mai yawa da sauran abinci waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen adon mai. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a ba shi hatsi tare da mai mai yawa a ƙasa. Amma a cikin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye, hamster ba ya buƙatar tazara. Ba zai murmure daga wadannan kayayyakin ba.

Cututtukan cututtuka na kodan da mafitsara. Hamsters na iya fama da cututtuka na mafitsara ko cututtuka na kodan. Alamomin da suka fi yawa game da waɗannan cututtukan suna kama da duk dabbobi: hamster sau da yawa yakan sauƙaƙe shi, wani lokacin ma da jini, dabbar tana da ƙishirwa. Sauran alamun rashin tausayi ne, kukan zafi lokacin fitar urin.

Dabbobin da ke da irin waɗannan alamun dole ne a nuna wa likita, tunda yana iya zama dole a ɗauki matakan rigakafi. Ana kiyaye lafiyar mara lafiya, kuma a wadatar da dabbar ta da koshin lafiya. Tsaftace ajiyar ku na yau da kullun ta amfani da maganin mafita wanda aka tsara don lalata ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi don hana kamuwa da sakandare tare da cutar wutsiya.

Tare da kulawa da ta dace, hamsters suna samun lafiya cikin getan kwanaki. Koyaya, a lokuta mafi ƙaranci, hamster yana haɓaka gazawar koda ko gazawar koda, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbar. Kwayoyin da suke ciyar da abinci tare da ƙarancin abinci ko abinci mai ƙima mai yawa sun fi saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fitsari.

Cikewa. Wani lokacin hamsters na iya samun rauni ko wutsiya rauni, koda kuwa a cikin keji. Yawancin hatsarori da ke ƙarewa cikin fashewa suna faruwa da maraice ko da dare, kuma ana gano su washegari. Hakola tare da wata gabar jiki mai lalacewa na iya yi birgima; a cikin dabbar da raunin wutsiya yake, ana lankwashewa.

Abin takaici, saboda ƙaramin girman, ba shi yiwuwa a sanya mai ƙwanƙwasa a kan ƙasusuwa da ya karye, saboda haka dole ne ka jira lokacin ƙasusuwan suyi girma tare. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar iyakanyar da hamster a cikin motsi, gami da buƙatar cire motarka daga cikin keji. Hakanan yana da kyau a sanya dabba a cikin akwatin kifin, a zahiri ba tare da ruwa ba, don hana hawan zuwa zuriya tare da sandunan keji. Gurasar taushi, madara ko kek don karnuka ana haɗa su cikin abincin a wannan lokacin. Abincin da ke ƙunshe da adadin kuzari mai yawa.

Hakanan Hamsters suna da fashewa mai fashewa. A wannan halin, kashi ya fito daga dagar ko wutsiyar da ya lalace. Idan irin wannan bala'in ya faru, tabbas za ku nuna dabbar ga likitan dabbobi, saboda, don hana kamuwa da cuta, lura da rauni tare da maganin rigakafi ya zama dole. Hakanan, likita zai saita kashi a ciki da / ko ya rage rauni.

Paarfin paws ko wutsiya galibi suna warkarwa a cikin makonni 1-2, amma saboda rauni, hamster na iya zama gurgu kuma yana da gurɓataccen wutsiyar rayuwa. Wannan bai kamata ya dame ku ba, tunda ba zai haifar da wata matsala ga dabba ba.

Maƙarƙashiya. Maƙarƙashiya Hamster yawanci yakan faru ne saboda rashin ruwa ko kuma yana da alaƙa da cin abinci mai yawa na busasshen abinci. Alamomin maƙarƙashiya: Rage zuriyar dabbobi a cikin tantanin halitta. A zuriyar dabbobi wanda yake karami, mai wuya da bushewa. Hamster na iya zama mara hankali. Symptomsarin bayyanar cututtuka: asarar ci, ƙarancin zafi a kewayen dubura. Idan hamster yana da maƙarƙashiya, tabbatar cewa yana da wadataccen damar samun ruwa mai daɗaɗa, ƙara kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da wadataccen ruwa ga abincin sa. Ba da digo na man kayan lambu shima yana taimakawa wajen magance maƙarƙashiya. Idan babu ci gaba a cikin hamster sai washegari, kai shi ga likitan dabbobi.

Zawo gudawa (zawo). Hamsters na iya fama da zawo saboda wasu dalilai da yawa. Canje-canje kwatsam a cikin tsarin abinci, ciyar da kayan lambu da yawa da abinci mai guba sune abubuwa biyu da suka fi haifar da haifar. Zawo na iya haifar da rashin ruwa a jiki. Bayyanar cututtuka na rashin ruwa a jiki: hamster ya raunana, numfashi yana da nauyi da kuma jinkirin, jikin yana da laushi kamar yadda aka saba. Ja fata hamster don bincika. Idan fatar a hankali, amma ba da sauri, zai koma jiki, to kuwa dabbar ta bushe. Sanya hamster wani ruwa tare da sukari da gishiri, don yin wannan, zuba ruwa a kusurwar bakin tare da sirinji ba tare da wasa ba.

Yana da ban sha'awa

Babban hamster a duniya. An yi la'akari da mashin na kowa ba kawai mafi girma ba, har ma mafi kyau, a cikin 'yan uwanta. Girmanta yana da ban sha'awa kwarai da gaske. Yaro ya kai santimita 25-30. Tana da launi mai haske mai kyau sosai, mai launin ja mai kyau a bango, baƙar fata da fararen fata uku a gefen kai, kirji da tarnaƙi. Hanci da hanci sun kasance fari. Dukda cewa wasu lokuta akwai wasu mutane cikin fararen fata da fari ko launin baƙi.

Mafi karami a duniya. Daga cikin dukkan alamu na gida, ƙarami sune Roborovsky hamsters. A tsawon, sun kai kawai biyar zuwa shida santimita. Fushinsu da kawunansu launin shuɗi ne-yashi. Amma tummy da Jawo a kusa da eriya sun kusan fari. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in hamsters haske ne, kusan "girar ido" ne amintacce. Yunkurin waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya a cikin ƙasarsu yana da sauri sosai don masu mallakar su iya samun dama, asali, kawai suna kallon gidan dabbobin da suka fi so. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau'in hamster an san shi da karuwar juyayi, kuma motsa su a cikin yanayi ko canza yanayin ya zama ainihin damuwa a gare su, wanda zai iya ɗaukar har zuwa makonni da yawa.

Wasu hamsters na iya fara yin zina a cikin keji ko abubuwa a ciki, kuma ana iya gyara wannan yanayin ta hanyar ba hamster wani kuki ko sanya alli a cikin keji. Kare na Dog ya dace sosai - ba za su lalata haƙoran hamster ba kuma ba su cutar da lafiyar abinci da narkewa. Amma yana da mahimmanci cewa hamster yana da samfurori, ko abubuwa wanda zai iya cizon haƙoransa - idan ba haka bane, hakora masu haɓaka koyaushe na iya dame muƙamuƙi.

Hamsters suna gani a cikin baƙi da fari, a lokaci guda suna da matukar wahalar gani. Hamsters sun dogara da ji da ƙanshi.

Hukumomin Vietnam sun dakatar da ayyukan hana shaye shaye, da la’akari da su a matsayin masu jigilar cututtukan haɗari. Dalilin irin waɗannan matakan shine yawan shigo da dabbobi waɗanda ba su ƙetare ikon dabbobi daga abroadasashen waje ba, wanda ke da alaƙa da azabtar da kalandar gabashin shekara ta ƙaddara da karuwar buƙatun ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi. Matsakaicin mafi kyau game da keta dokar shine dala miliyan 30, wanda yake kusan dala 57,000, kuma yana daidai da kudin shiga na shekara ɗaya na mazaunin wannan ƙasar.

Dzungarian (Sungurian) hamster

Dzungarian hamsters ko dzhungariki dabbobi ne masu matsakaici-tsayi har zuwa 10 cm tsayi kuma mai nauyin har zuwa 65 g. Halin halayen su shine yanki mai duhu tare da dutsen da furucin rhombus a kai. Babban launi na dzhungarika launin shuɗi-baki da fari na ciki, amma akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka:

Dabbobi sun bambanta a cikin tabarau, amma suna riƙe da tsarin halaye a kai da baya.

Wadannan dabbobin cute masu sauƙin amfani ga ɗan adam kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin fursuna har zuwa shekaru 3, da wuya har zuwa 4. Dzhungariki suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar sankara, don haka ya kamata a ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki a cikin iyaka mai iyaka.

Dzungarian hamster

Harshen Siriya

Harshen Siriya sun fi girma girma daga dzungarik. Suna rayuwa shekaru 3-4, da wuya su kai shekaru 5. Dangane da ka'idodin ƙasashen duniya, dabbobi ya kamata tsawon cm 12, amma wani lokacin su girma har zuwa cm 20. Weight yana farawa a 100 g kuma yana ƙare a 140 g, mace tayi nauyi. Mafi launi na yau da kullun shine zinari, amma akwai launuka daban-daban daga dukkan tabarau na launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa zuwa cakulan da baki. Akwai yara masu launin shuɗi da fatun shukoki. Wannan nau'in hamsters ya bambanta da tsawon sutura. Matsayi:

• mai dogon gashi
• Shorthair
• satin
• Rex
• mara gashi.

Idan mutum ya kasance mai dogon gashi, to gashin kansa na iya zama ya fi gajarta.

“Suriyawa” suna da yatsu 4 a goshinsu, da kuma 5 a kan kafafunsu na baya.Basu da nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa fiye da dzhungariki kuma suna saduwa da mutum cikin sauki.

Harshen Siriya

Angora hamster

Angora sunan ba daidai ba ne na hamsar Siriya tare da dogon gashi. Dabbobin shaggy sunyi kama da na Suriyawa na yau da kullun, amma wannan shine iri ɗaya. Bambanci shine irin waɗannan dabbobi za su iya zama a gida kawai. Mayafinsu yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.

Angora hamster

Hamsters na Roborovsky

Abun haushin Roborovsky shine kawai wakilan dangi wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi a cikin rukuni, kuma ya fi dacewa kuyi jima'i da juna don hana yin faɗa.

Waɗannan yaran sune ƙananan smallestan uwa. Girman su bai wuce cm 5. Suna sake yin muni, saboda haka sun fi tsada. Suna zaune kusan kusan shekaru 4, kuma sun sami 'yanci fiye da "Suriyawa." Kusan ba su da ikon farawa ga hannun, suna da ban sha'awa ga mutanen da suke son kallon rayuwar zamantakewar dabbobi. Dabbobi sun bambanta da fararen gira da hanci hanci. Abun ciki shima yana da haske. Fatar za a iya canza launin launin ruwan zinari, yashi da haske launin ruwan kasa. Akwai yara da Jawo “agouti” da launi mai tsami.

Roborovsky Hamster

Hamil Hamza

Hamsar hambell yayi kama da dzungariki. Hakanan suna dwarf - har zuwa 10 cm tsayi kuma suna da tsiri a bayan. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance, dzhungariks suna da daidaitattun launuka masu duhu, kuma Campbell yana da ƙarin launuka na zinare. The tsiri a kan fata ne mafi blurry da thinner. Ba 'a bayyana hanyoyin' canza launin launi na baya zuwa cikin ciki ba. Jungari bazai iya samun jan ido ba, har ma zabiya. Campbells na iya zama daidai. Jawowar dzhungariks mai santsi, kuma na Campbell - “shreds”. Dzhungariki suna da sifofi marasa ma'ana, da kuma Campbell - a cikin surar mutum takwas. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 2.

Hamil Hamza

Albino Hamsters

Albinos ba ya zama cikin wata ƙasa dabam, tunda wannan rarrabewar kawai ce ta dabbobi a cikin kowane nau'in. Albinos ana kiransa hamsters, wanda jikinsa baya fitar da melanin. Saboda wannan fasalin, dabbobin suna da fararen gashi da kuma abin da suke gani. Abubuwan jini masu shigowa suna sanya idanun albino ja. Irin waɗannan hamsters sun fi kula da hasken rana, sau da yawa suna da karancin gani da ji. A cikin yanayi mai kyau ba sa rayuwa sai ƙabilun 'yan'uwansu.

Hamino na Siriya

Farin hamster

Wani lokaci akwai sha'awar samun dabba na wani launi, alal misali, fararen fata, to masu siyarwa masu taimako suna ba da ɗanɗano mai yawa don kuɗi mai yawa - farin farin. Da kuma, wannan wani koma baya ne. Farar hamster na iya zama ko albino, ko kuma a sami wannan launi mai launi. Ita ce nau'in da ake buƙatar zaba, kuma “farin hamster” irin ba ya wanzu.

Farin Dzungarian Hamster

Harshen hamster

Karen daji yakan iya kaiwa girman 34 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiyarsa shine 3-8 cm. Yana zaune a cikin gadaje da kwari-daji, galibi yakan zauna kusa da mutum. Fatar jikinta tana da haske: bayan ta baya launin ja ce, launin ciki kuwa baƙi ne. Farar fata a bangarorin da gaban. Akwai samfurori masu baƙar fata da baƙar fata tare da farin aibobi. Gargoyles suna zaune a cikin daji tsawon shekaru 4, a cikin yanayi masu dacewa zasu iya kaiwa shekaru 6.

Harshen hamster

Haske mai wuta

Sterwanƙwasa mai launin toka ne mai ƙarfi, girman da bai fi ƙarfin motsi ba. yana cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan assha. Tsawon jikin yana daga cm 9.5 zuwa 13. Yana da baya mai launin toka da ciki mai haske. Dangane da mazauninsu, launin fata na iya bambanta. Ba ya tono burrows, amma ya mamaye baki. Dabba tana da manyan kunci da ƙananan kunnuwa. A wasu yankuna, an jera shi a cikin Littafin Rubutu.

Haske mai wuta

Eversman Hamster da Mongolian Hamster

Halin halittar Eversman hamsters ya hada da abubuwa biyu da suka yi kama da halaye da dabi'un: Mongolian da Eversman. Dukansu dabbobi sun gwammace da steppes da des-des-des. Mongolian suna zaune a hamadar ƙasar, arewacin China da Tuva.

Mongolian hamster

Dukkan dabbobi ba su fi girma 16 cm ba tare da ɗan gajeren wutsiya - cm 2 Mongolian ya ɗan ƙarami, launi na baya ya fi sauƙi kuma babu wani wuri mai duhu a kirji, kamar Eversman hamster. Wani Eversman hamster na iya samun madaidaicin launin launin fata mai launin ruwan kasa, baki ko launin zinare. Dukansu hamsters suna da haske ciki da kafafu. An jera su a cikin Babban littafin.

Hamisu Eversman

Barabinsky hamster

Dabbobin suna cikin asalin halittar dan adam. Tana zaune a Yammacin Siberiya, Transbaikalia, Mongolia. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai 12-13 cm, wutsiyarsa tana da kusan cm 3. rodaurin yana sanye da jan mayafi; wani baƙar fata yana gudana ta baya: daga daban zuwa haske a cikin mutane daban-daban. Haske mai launin fari zuwa fari. Halin halayyar shine kunnuwa biyu-biyu tare da farin iyaka kusa da gefuna. Akwai nau'ikan hamsters guda 4.

Barabinsky hamster

Harshen Sokolov

Representativesan wakilan da ba a yi nazarinsu ba game da asalin cutar askarawa. Suna zaune a Mongolia da China. Ba kamar sauran 'yan uwa da yawa ba, ba sa cutar da shuka amfanin gona na hatsi. Girman dabbar yana kusan mm 11.5. Yana da launin toka da mai ciki. Wutsiyar hamster kusan ba ya ganuwa. A baya shine tsiri mai duhu. Ba zai zauna cikin fursunoni ba, saboda karancin bayanai game da shi.

Harshen Sokolov

Harshen ciyawa

Wani ciyawar ciyawa ko kunama mai kunama tana zaune a Kanada da Meziko. Yana girma har zuwa 14 cm, gami da wutsiya, nauyinta shine 40-60 g. Fatar jikinta launin ruwan kasa ce, haske ciki. Dabbobin za su ci kwari kawai, gami da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Ba a samun nau'ikan dabbobi masu lalata irin wannan azabtarwar ba. Ganimarsa na iya zama kunama. Hamster yana da tsayayye ga macen kwari. Wadannan hamsters wani lokaci sukanyi wasu 'yan dakiku, suna ɗaga kawunan su. Wannan sabon abu ana kiran shi da sautin hauka.

Harshen ciyawa

Harshen Siberian

An bambanta Siberian hamster ta hanyar canjin yanayi na gashi na gashi. Wannan wakilin dwarf na dangi a lokacin bazara ya sanya kaya mai duhu mai launin shuɗi tare da fararen launin ruwan kasa, kuma a cikin riguna na hunturu azaman farin gashi na gashi tare da layin launin toka a baya. Dabbobin sun girma har zuwa 10 cm, kuma matsakaicin nauyi a gida shine 50 g. A cikin yanayi, rodents suna rayuwa shekaru 2.5, a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 3.

Harshen Siberian

Harshen Tibet

Dwarf Tibet hamsters suna zaune a China. Wadannan nau'ikan hamsters zasu iya tsayawa a cikin tsaunukan tsawan tsawan zuwa 4000 m sama da matakin teku. Dabbobin sun girma har zuwa 11 cm, kuma wutsiya kusan rabin tsawon jikin. Launin su launin toka ne da duhu da kuma jijiya. Wutsiya tayi ƙasa, kuma baƙar fata tana gudana ta saman fuskarta. Abun ciki da ƙananan ɓangaren wutsiyar wutsiya.

Brandt Hamster Habitat

Hamrand na Brandt ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Isra'ila, a gabashin Ciscaucasia, a kusa da Asiya, Dagestan, a cikin Transcaucasia, a dutsen Talysh, Turkiya, Lebanon. Mafi yawa suna zaune ne a tsaunukan tuddai, suna zaune a yankin kusa da hatsi na hatsi, makiyaya na dutse, tsintsiyar itace, filin dutse. Amma aboki na Caucasian bai yarda da wuraren bushewa da laima ba. Amma waɗannan dabbobin an daidaita su da rayuwa daidai gwargwado na 300 zuwa 3000 mita sama da matakin teku.

Bayanin

Tsawon jiki daga 15 zuwa 18 cm kuma wutsiya ta kasance daga 2 zuwa 3. Tsawon ƙafar ta zama mm 26 zuwa 16. Girman kunne shine mm 10-24. Wearamin abu ne, ƙananan kunnuwa masu launin .. Launi na ulu babba daga ciki shine bakin ciki. A tsakanin goshin akwai ko yaushe wata faren fata mai shimfiɗa a kafaɗa A garesu, shugaban yana da launin rawaya-ja, yadudduka baƙaƙen fata a ƙasa da kunnuwa, farji yana da fari Farar fata yana da fararen fata .. Duk mayafin yana da taushi da taushi, kuma yana da kauri sosai a wutsiya

Kamar yawancin hamsters na Tsohon Duniya, Transcaucasian hamster ana saninsa da kasancewar cheekbags Jikin yana gudana, wutsiya ba ta gani, kafafu ba gauraye .. Kayan launuka - baya na launin ruwan hoda a lokacin rani A ƙasan ƙananan - daga fari zuwa ash toka. a kusurwar bakin fara farawa sau biyu, yana rarraba kai zuwa bangarori har ya zuwa ga kafadu.Rashin sashin yatsun ya zama baƙi mai launin shuɗi, ƙasa, yaɗaɗɗa, fari, a dunƙulen akwai launin rawaya .. A cikin hunturu, fur ɗin tana dusar ƙanƙanin yanayin kwankwalin kansa Zygomatic arches a hankali yana kara komawa baya, yana isa mafi girma a cikin sromromiilarlar Kwancen kwancen kwanciyar hankali kwanyar ba ya wuce milimita 35. Sashin hanci ya zama ya gaza, sabanin na masu Cricetus hamsters, baya ci gaba da taper. slightlyan buɗewa kaɗan, buɗewar buɗe ido, farawa daga rabin tsawonsu, faɗaɗawa, kuma a cikin taper ɗin gaba na uku maimakon ya zama ƙarshen.

Rarraba

Yankin Caucasian ya yadu a Turkiyya, Isra'ila, Lebanon, da kuma a gabashin Ciscaucasia, galibi yana zaune ne a tsaunukan tsaunuka, yana zaune a wuraren da ke da ciyawar itace a tsaunukan tuddai, makiyaya masu tsaunuka da kuma filayen da mutane ke noma.Yana nisanta wurare masu laima da kuma mara kyau.

Yankunan tsaunuka da ƙafafun Transcaucasia da Yammacin Asiya A kudu, ana rarraba su a cikin tsaunin Talysh da Iran, a arewa, a Dagestan, - an samo shi zuwa kudu da gabas na kogin Sulak A Transcaucasia, kewayonsa ya haɗu zuwa gabashin iyakar Arsian da Likh, a Dukkanin wurare masu kyau na tsaunukan kudu-maso-kudu na Georgia da Armenia.Ya faru a kewayon tsaunuka daga 300 zuwa 3000 m sama da m

Bayanan kula

1. ↑ 12 Lovarshen Sokolov VE ictionaryamus na harsuna biyar na sunayen dabbobi Dabbobi Mammals Latin, Rashanci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci / edita ta Acad VE Sokolov - M: Yaren Rasha, 1984 - C 161 - 10,000 kofe
2. ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, da Mike Grayson ictionaryamus na eponym na dabbobi masu shayarwa - Baltimore: Jami'ar Johns Hopkins Press, 2009 - P 54 - 574 p - ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9

Hanyoyi

• Vertebrates na Rasha: Hammar ta Brandt

Bayanin Brandt Hamster Game da

Little Asian Hamster, Hammar's Brandt (Mesocricetus alama ce Nehring, 1898), gani irin matsakaici hamsters. Tsayin jiki har zuwa 150 mm, tsawon wutsiya har zuwa 39 mm. Sautunan launin ruwan kasa-launin fata-shuɗi sun fi rinjaye a cikin launi na saman. Surfaceasan farfaɗar jiki shine launin rawaya ko launin toka-toka, kawai akan kirji akwai tabo na baki. Yankin kunci na kunkuntar yadace, babban tabarau mai rawaya akan kunci an haɗa shi da wani haske a bayan kunne. Abubuwan buɗe ciki cikin kwanyar ba su da kunkuntar gaba kuma zuwa gaban su na uku babu kunkuntar fiye da ta tsakiya. Abubuwa iri iri 42 a cikin karyotype.

Hamster

Asianan ƙaramar yankin Asiya yaɗu sosai a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa (300-3000 m sama da matakin teku) ɓangarorin Asiya orarami, Transcaucasia zuwa yammacin Iran, Levant. Yana zaune a cikin gari mai hatsi-tsutsa, ciyawar hatsi daban-daban, ciyawar dutse, kusa da tsakanin albarkatun gona na gona. Yana guje wa wuraren bushewa da hamada. Little Asian hamster digs hadaddun ramuka mai zurfi tare da ɗakuna da yawa da kuma sassa na 1 tsaye waɗanda suke tashi daga kwance, wanda 1 kawai ya hau kan tabarma. Wani lokaci ana yin ginin a wani wuri mai zurfin of m 2. Ya bambanta da ramuka na sauran manyan hamsters, hanyar da za'a fara amfani da ita, yawanci duk tsawonta zuwa ɗakun farko sai ta toshe tare da ƙasa. Don hunturu sun fada cikin rashin himma, tsawon lokacin da ya dogara da tsayin ƙasa (alal misali, shimfiɗa gado yana daga Oktoba zuwa farkon Disamba).

Asianan ƙaramin ɗan asirin Asiya yana ciyar da sassa na kore da tsaba na daji da tsire-tsire masu ciyawa. Yana yin ajiyar ga hunturu. Matan da suka manyanta ke yin haila 2 a shekara. A cikin brood, har zuwa cubs 12-15. A wasu wuraren, yakan haifar da babbar illa ga amfanin gona na sha'ir da sauran albarkatu. Mai ɗaukar hoto na dabi'ar tularemia kuma, mai yiwuwa, zazzabi Q.

Brandt Hamster, ko Transcaucasian hamster (lat. Mesocricetus brandti) - wakilin halittar dangin matsakaici ne, dangin hamster, oda mai ƙarfi.

Habitat da hali. An samo hamstarin Brandt a Turai da Asiya, kuma yana iya dacewa da mazauna daban. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin yashi, kwararar hamada da kuma ƙasar noma, a kan asashe da ciyayi kaɗan, wanda ciyawa ke mamaye. Tsaunin da Brandt ya ke zaune a tsakaninsa ya kai nisan mita 1,000 zuwa 2,200 sama da matakin teku. Wannan hamster ya haƙa ramuka don tsari, waɗanda suke a zurfin 50 zuwa 200 cm daga saman duniya. Wadannan burrows sun hada da hanyoyin ruwa iri-iri da ke haifar da dakuna don girke-girke, ciyarwa da hutawa. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don shawo kansu.

Abincin. Hammar Brandt tana da bambancin abinci iri-iri, amma ya dogara ne akan albarkatu da ganye. Suna kuma cin kwari, suna yin ajiyar lokacin hunturu daga tushen da ganyayyaki. Yawancin lokaci masu amfani da Brandt suna zaune kusa da gonar gona kuma suna ciyar da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka shuka akan su, wanda aka dauke su kwari.

Yawan jama'a da tsoratarwa. Brandt ta hamster wani nau'in halitta ne mai wuya, duk da cewa ya saba da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban. Wannan nau'in galibi yana zaune kusa da gonar gona kuma ana ɗaukar shi kwaro ne, wanda ke tsokanar manoma na gida don yin yaƙi da alaƙar Brandt kuma yana haifar da rage yawan jama'a.

Sake bugun. Brandt hamster mace ya isa ga balaga tun yana mako takwas da haihuwa, yayin da maza tun yana wata shida da haihuwa. Brandt hamster na iya haifuwa har zuwa litter hudu a shekara tare da matsakaitan 'yar tsana goma. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 14-17.

Littattafai

• V. E. Flint, Dabbobin ruwa na USSR, House Publishing House, Moscow, 1965

Hamster na Hamster. Tsayin jiki har zuwa 150 mm, tsawon wutsiya har zuwa 39 mm. Launin saman yana da launin ruwan kasa-brown, cheekbone yana da duhu, tabon ƙarancin girma ne, an haɗa shi da bayan kunnuwa, ciki ya yi fari zuwa haske, launin toka mai toka, kuma akwai tabo na baki a kirji tsakanin goshin.

Crests na gabanoparietal baya taba zuwa gaban sashin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, yana rarrabewa sosai ta hanyar komawa baya, yana iyakance yankin da hanin trapezoidal, kuma yaci gaba zuwa yankin karshen kasusuwa na kasusuwa, wanda kuma ya shimfida zuwa tsakiyar mahaifa. Gefen gefe na gaban ɓangaren kwanyar ya yi daidaituwa ko kuma kusanci gaba zuwa gaba, buɗewar buɗe ido zai fara faɗaɗa daga rabi, kuma a cikin taper din na uku baya a ƙarshen ƙarshen.

Yaɗa. Mountainous da kuma wani ɓangare steed stepses na Front (yammacin Iran, Turkey) da kuma wani ɓangare na Asiya andarama da Transcaucasia. Hakanan ana samun shi a kudu maso gabashin Ciscaucasia a cikin filaye da dama na Dagestan kudu da gabashin kogin. Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, da sauransu).

A cikin Transcaucasia, kewayon Brandt na hamster yana da tsaka-tsaki; ya zama sananne a cikin shirak steppe (Iorsky da Kartalinsky plateaus) da kuma a tsakiyar da kudancin Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karayazy, da sauransu). Ya fi kyau a yankuna da yawa na tsaunukan Kasuwancin ,arami, musamman ma ɓangarorinsa na yamma da arewa maso yamma, a Nagorno-Karabakh da kuma tuddai na Nakhichevan mai mulkin Soviet da Talysh.

Burbushin ya kasance sananne ne daga farkon Pleistocene (Georgia ta yamma) arewa maso yamma na iyakokin zamani na yankin rarraba.

Ilimin halitta da mahimmancin tattalin arziki. A Transcaucasia, rarraba kyawawan kayan Brandt hamster an iyakance shi ne kan igiyar hatsi mai tsayi-tsutsa tsutsa-ruwa da kuma ɓangaren filayen tsaunuka (Kudancin Armenia) a tsawan sama daga 300 zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku. m., galibi ana samunsa tsakanin 1200-2000 m. A kudu maso gabashin Ciscaucasia suna zaune a cikin yankin da ciyawa ke hade-wuri a tsawan 300-500 m sama da matakin teku. m Duk wuraren bushewa da busassun ba shakka yana guje wa, da yardar rai zauna kusa da tsakanin amfanin gona.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yana rayuwa a cikin rami mai zurfi daban-daban, na tsarin tsari iri ɗaya kamar sauran manyan hanyoyin hamsters, kuma kawai a cikin Ciscaucasia shine mazaunin wurare da aka daidaita da ikon mallaka na ikon mallaka na jama'a. Ramin da aka gama yana da sassa ɗaya na uku zuwa uku da ke shimfiɗawa daga kan kwance, don galibi, ɗayansu ne kawai yake zuwa saman. Ya bambanta da burrows na sauran manyan nau'ikan subfamily, hanya mai ban tsoro, wanda daga digging fara, yawanci an rufe shi tare da duniya gaba ɗaya har zuwa ɗakin farko. Hanyoyin suna da zurfi a cikin zurfi: ɗakin da yake zaune a wasu lokuta yana zurfin 2 m. Hanyoyi masu nisa sukan shawo kan hanyoyin shiga ciki, kuma akwai wasu yankuna da ke kewaye da shi waɗanda ba su da ciyayi.

Yanayin abinci mai gina jiki iri daya ne da na sauran nau'in halittu Kirkiram. Babu bayanai game da darajar ajiyar kaya; a lokacin bazara-bazara, an samo ganyen hatsi, Clover, da laima.

Matan da suka manyanta ke yin haila 2 a shekara. Yawan matasa ya kai 12-15. A watan Yuni, dabbobi sun riga sun isa, wanda, da kyar ya kai rabin girman balaga, fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Tsawon lokacin farauta ya bambanta da tsaunin farfajiya, alal misali, aukuwa daga Oktoba zuwa farkon Disamba.

A wasu wuraren Brandt hamster yana kawo lalacewa mai mahimmanci ga amfanin gona na sha'ir. Konkoma karãtunsa fãtun fada cikin blanks.

Bambancin Geographical. Ba a yi karatu ba. Dubawa kusa M. auratus Gidan ruwa, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman dabbobi na dakin gwaje-gwaje, ya bambanta da Asiya hamaramar hamster cytogenetically. Ba a san irin waɗannan bambance-bambance na pre-Caucasian hamster ba, wataƙila za a iya samun daidaikun mutane a cikin kunkuntar yanki na Dagestan mai ƙasa waɗanda ke da canjin girma a launi da launi tsakanin ƙananan ƙasashe na Pre-Caucasian hamster da Asia haman ƙaramin hamster.

Tunani: Dabbobi masu shayarwa na USSR. Sashe na 1. Gidan Bita na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta USSR. Moscow-Leningrad, 1963