Akwai nau'in nau'in owls da yawa a cikin fauna na ƙasa. Mujiya mai girma za ta zama gwarzo na wannan labarin, saboda ba shi yiwuwa ya wuce irin wannan kyakkyawa.

Wadannan tsuntsayen halittu ne masu ban mamaki da banbanci. Halin rayuwarsu fiye da ƙarni da yawa na masana kimiyya suna ci gaba da haifar da sha'awar gaske. Amma waɗannan tsuntsayen koyaushe suna da wani sabon abu da sabon abu a cikin halayensu na masu bincike. Waɗanne siriri ne mujiya mai girma ta ɓoye mana?

Mujiya mai tsayi (Asio otus).

Yadda zaka gano cewa a gabanka akwai mujiya mai tsayi

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna matsakaici matsakaici idan aka kwatanta da sauran membobin gidan mujiya. Jikin mujiya na fari tsinke ne daga tsayi daga 30 zuwa 37 santimita.

Lokacin da tsuntsu ya shimfida fikafikansa gaba daya, to kuwa fikafikan su shine 85 - 98 santimita. dimbin jima'i baya nan, girman maza da mata babu bambanci. Babban yanayin rarrabe wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki ana iya la'akari dashi kunnuwa masu ban dariya. Don irin wannan fasalin, an kira mujiya da mara nauyi a cikin duniyar kimiyya.

Ganyen wannan wakilan mujiya yana da launin toka-mai launin toka-toshi a baya yana kuma ja akan ciki. A lokaci guda, ciki kuma an yi masa ado mai raɗaɗi mai duhu mai duhu. An rufe ƙafafunsa da gashinsa tare da launin ja.

Gwiwa mai tsayi-tsayi - tsuntsu mai nocturnal.

Yatsun tsuntsayen suna da girma, yayi yawa. Godiya ga wannan tsari na kaho, babban mujiya mai tsayi da gaske ya sami damar kamo ganima, koda kuwa ƙanana ne.

Inda mujiyoyi masu girma

Wannan tsuntsu yana da shimfiɗa a cikin ƙasashen Eurasi baki ɗaya. Abubuwan halittun jikinsu sune gandun daji mai yawa. Mafi yawancin owls sun fi son gandun daji na coniferous. Don hunturu, mujiya mai tsayi-tsayi tana tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi, alal misali: zuwa kudu na China, zuwa arewacin Afirka, zuwa Crimea da Caucasus. Amma wannan yana amfani ne da yawan jama'a da ke zaune a yankuna na arewacin kasar, tare da tsananin sanyi.

Mujiya mai tsayi da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci ba ta tashi don hunturu kuma tana haifar da yanayin zaman talauci.

Kaji na mujijiya!

Ba za ku taɓa haɗuwa da waɗannan owls a cikin matsanancin lardunan arewa ba - ba za su iya tsaftataccen sanyi ba.

Hayar mujiya da rayuwarta

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ƙaunar zama dazuzzukan daji, amma ana iya samun su a cikin bakin layin bakin ciki, kuma wani lokacin waɗannan kuliyoyi suna tashi gaba ɗaya a sarari.

Mujiya mai tsayi, kamar kowane dangi, tsuntsaye ne masu cin ganyayyaki. Abincinsu ya haɗa da kowane nau'in rodents, irin su mice filin. Wata mujiya tana cin kwari, kuma wani lokacin takan kai hari ga kananan tsuntsaye.

Babban abinci don mujiya mai fure mai tsayi ita ce mice filin.

Kiwo ciyayi na mujiya a yanayi

Lokacin kiwo na waɗannan tsuntsayen yana farawa a watan Mayu. A lokaci guda, kuliyoyi kan fara gina sheƙarsu. Yawancin lokaci sukan zaɓi ramin babban itace don gano inda yake. Sau da yawa, tsayinsa daga ƙasa zuwa rami yana da kyau, saboda masu ƙaddara ba za su iya cinye ƙwaiyen ƙwai ba. Amma wasu ma'aurata ba zato ba tsammani suna gina gida kawai sai a nisan mita 1 - 2 daga ƙasa.

Haihuwar mujiya mai tsayi da tsayi tana dogaro da yawan iceaicean a mazauninsu. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin garkuwar suka yawaita, to, mujiyoyi sukan yi girma sosai. Yawancin lokaci kama yana ƙunshi 5 zuwa 6 qwai.

Owan mujiya tayi ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai a makanta kuma tare da raɗaɗɗun fitsari a jikinsu. Duk iyayen suna da hannu cikin kulawa da zuriya. Mace na aiki da dumama jariran, kuma namiji yakan ciyar da dangi gaba daya. Mako guda baya, ƙananan mujiyoyi sun fara nuna aiki, suna buƙatar abinci. Saboda haka, mujiya uwargida ta fara da namiji dan kawo abinci ga kajin.

Wannan magabatan yana da abokan gaba.

'Yanci yana faruwa ne a cikin samari na matasa yayin wata biyu da haihuwa.

Abokan hajiya mujiya da kajin ta

Gidajen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ƙaunar su lalata martens da ermines. Amma mujiya mai girma babba tsuntsu na iya kaiwa hari.

Owls suna da amfani sosai ga mutane, saboda suna lalata mice. Wannan shine yanayin yanayin: a gare mu, beraye sune kwari, kuma ga mujiya, sune abincin da suka fi so.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

MENENE Abincin

Cikakkiyar mujiya mai tsayi, tana cinye nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kirsimeti - voles, shull da beraye, har da ƙananan tsuntsaye - finch da sparrow. Wani lokacin takan ga manyan ganima, kamar su janaba da kange.

Nama maciji mai tsayi yakan kawo manyan kwari a kajin sa, yawanci gwoza ne, gami da katako. Mujiya mai tsayi da yawa da take cinyewa a cikin filayen da sauran wuraren bude ido. Tsuntsayen suna ihu a hankali cikin iska, ba rufe idanunsa sakan daya ba. Da dare, mujiya mai tsayi tana gani kuma tana ji sosai, don haka tana mayar da martani ga ƙaramar amo tare da walƙiya.

LIFESTYLE

Ana samun babban mujiya mai tsayi a cikin conifers, ba sau da yawa a cikin gandun daji gauraye, wani lokacin ma yana da nasa a cikin fadama da filayen Heather. Dogon sanannun tsuntsayen tsuntsu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka da arewacin Afirka. Thean arewacin waɗannan ɗakunan owls suna yin hunturu a sassan kudanci, wato, wannan shine ɗayan theyan nau'in owls masu ƙaura.

Godiya ga amintaccen laushi da tsarin musamman na gefukan gashin fuka-fukan, mujiya mai kwari tayi kwari kusan tayi shuru. Tsarin jikinta an tsara shi ne domin ya lalata sautin tsuntsu. Abin da ya sa mujiya ta bayyana a hankali, kamar inuwa. A farkon bazara a cikin gandun daji zaka iya jin wakar akuya mai tsayi tana waƙa, yana ta maimaitawa "oooh" tare da wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Muryar mawaƙin Owl ma sun haɗa da babbar muryar "wick" da sauran sautuka. Da magariba, kajin mujiya mai tsananin girma da ƙarfi, suna yin kuwwa, wanda a cikin sautikansu suna kama da cat tare da hurawar ƙofar.

Mujiya mai tsayi-tsalle mai tsini da rana tsaka ce baƙon abu ba. Galibi, mujiya tana bacci a kullun yana zaune a tsaye, akan reshe kusa da gangar jikin itace.

Yaduwa

Lokacin bazara ne lokacin da za a fara lokacin damana ta farkon mujiya. Maza na wannan nau'in galibi suna fara nuna sha'awa ga mace a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Dangane da rawa na mujiyoyi masu tsayi wani tashi ne yayin da maza musamman suke kokarin, suna jujjuya fikafikansu sosai. Mujiya mai tsayi ba ta yin girke-girke, suna fifita mahalli da waɗanda suka bari - tsintsiya, magpies ko squirrels. Tsuntsaye ne kawai suke ɗan canza yanayin "gida" na gida. Wasu lokuta kuliyoyi masu tsayi masu tsayi a buɗe, a cikin ciyawar Heather, suna kwanciya ƙwai a ƙasa.

Mace ta daga ƙwai huɗu zuwa shida, girman da yake ɗan ƙanƙane kaɗan. Yin kyanwa yana farawa ne bayan mace ta sanya kwai na ƙarshe, saboda haka kajin a cikin mazaunin mujiya na fure duk iri ɗaya ne cikin shekaru. Namiji baya shiga cikin abin shiryawa, sai dai ya kawo abinci ga mace, wacce ke zaune akan qwai, kuma daga baya - ga kajin.

A cikin shekarun yunwa, dattawa ne kawai ke tsira, wato, kajin mafi ƙarfi. Jariri an rufe shi da fararen fata. A cikin kwanakin masu zuwa, Fluff ya juya launin toka, sannan ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Uwa tana lura da abin da ke faruwa a kusa, kuma idan ya cancanta, yakan kai nesa daga mazaunin abokan gaba, wanda ya bayyana a nan kusa, yana nuna raunuka.

LATSA MAI KYAUTA

A lokacin day, kuli na mujiza za a iya gani kawai a lokuta na musamman, saboda saboda girman launi, ba za a iya rarrabe shi da kewayenta ba. Mujiya wadda take zaune a hankali akan itace tana kama da guntun reshe. Ko da mutum ya kusanci, bai tashi ba. Amma da daddare tsuntsu mai matukar hannu, mai aiki da kuzari. Ayyukan mujiya mai tsayi, shine farauta da ƙwanƙwasa.

BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.

• Mujiya mai tsayi zata iya juya wuyansa ta hanyar 270 °.
• Ganin kallon kowane mujiya mai ido shine digiri 160.
• A lokacin hunturu ruwan mujiya mai sanyin sanyin jiki ya hallara a wuri guda kuma barci, yayi hudd tare tare.
• Ganin mujiya mai girma a rana, 'yan kananan tsuntsaye sukan taru a cikin garken kuma su kori mai kare - a wannan lokacin da mujiya ta zama marar taimako.
• Idanun mujiyoyi sun bambanta saboda suna juyawa ne.

SIFFOFIN CIKIN MULKIN NA SAMA. LITTAFINSA

"Kunnuwa": sifa ce ta nau'in halittar, suna samar da tarin gashin fuka-fukai a jikin tsuntsu. Duk da sunansu - "kunnuwa", amma su ba sassan sassan ji bane. Kunnuwa na haƙiƙa ƙananan ramuka ne guda biyu waɗanda ke kan ɓangarorin kan kai.

Shugaban: zagaye, tare da rawaya gaban diski. Idanun suna da manyan launuka, ruwan lemo, karamin beak kusan ba gani.

Jiki: matsakaici sized, siriri, tare da dogon fikafikai. Namiji da mace gaba ɗaya iri ɗaya ne.

Umyalli: murfin gashin tsuntsu mai fure wanda launinsu iri ɗaya ne kamar haushi, don haka tsuntsu akan bishiyar gaba ɗaya baya ganuwa. A baya tsuntsu ya yi duhu, yana da kalamai masu haske, ciki na da haske tare da ratsi-ratsi.

- mazaunin mujiya muji

INA SON LAFIYA

An rarraba dogayen tsuntsu masu tsayi a cikin gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, in banda yankuna na arewacin, a wasu wuraren ana samun sa a Afirka da kuma tsaunukan Tsakiyar Asiya.

KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA

Jinsin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duk ɓangaren kewayon sa. Mujiya mai kafaɗa yana da makiyi guda ɗaya - mutum.

Mujiya mai tsayi: tsawon rayuwar mu mu girma. Bidiyo (00:02:43)

Mujiya mai tsayi-mai girma - yadda ɗan mujiya ta girma. A cikin bidiyon da ya gabata, na nuna karen wata mujiya mai kaifi wacce ta faɗi daga gida a saman itacen al'ul, a gidanmu a Girka. An yi shakkar ko zai rayu. Koyaya, inna uwargiji ta zama a saman kuma duba da yadda girma yake da girma! Maimakon wani gida, mun haɗe akwatin takalmin a kan Linden, kuma an yi aiki da gaskiya))))

Hauwa mujiya

Mun sani game damujiyacewa tana da zagaye kaikaifi baki, babba da zagayeidanu (zinari), mai kaifi da tsawoclaws. Jiki wannan mujiya na iya kasancewa tsawon 31-36 cm, nauyi 1.5-2.5 kg. A yanayi, mujiya mai tsayi shekara 10, amma a gida rayuwarta tayi yawa shine kimanin shekaru 40. Ban sha'awa cewa idanu mujiya ba su da hannu kuma suna kallo kawai a gaba (saboda wannan dalili, dole ne ta juya kanta), jinsa yana jin sau 4 fiye da na kuliyoyi! Abin da ya sa ke nan, mujiya A hankali ya zazzage duk wani rudani kuma ya kama ganima da saurin walƙiya. Wannan abin mamaki ne! Anya mujiya na iya gani a wani kusurwa na digiri 160, wanda zai taimaka sauƙin gano ganima. Ta yaya mujiya zata gani da dare? Gaskiyar ita ce ruwan tabarau na Owl bashi cikin wasan ƙwallon ido, amma a cikin bututun ƙaho, kuma tana ganin komai cikin baƙi da fari. Wingspan hauwa mujiya shine 86-98 cm.Launi wannan mujiya tana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, tare da fararen ƙirji da kuma mottled spots a jiki da kai. A saman jikin mutum, aibobi sun fi duhu, akan ƙananan kuwa ya fi sauƙi. Mujiya mai tsayi sunanta sun gode wa kunnuwan kunnuwa, wadanda suka kunshi gashin gashinta.

Yadda za'a ciyar da mujiya mara nauyi

A dabi'a, mujiya ta ci dabbobi daban-daban, kananan tsuntsaye da dabbobi, kwari. Babban abinci: mice, beraye, zomaye, moles, frogs, lizards, toads, shrek, macizai, lemmings, shinge. AF mujiya zai iya aikatawa ba tare da ruwa ba na tsawon watanni, yana jin ƙishirwa tare da jinin ganima.Yadda ake ciyar da mujiya a gida, tare da irin wannan abincin? Akwai matsaloli tare da wannan, tunda narkewar mujiya yana sa ya ci gawawwakin ko ɓoye ko tsuntsu. Kuma ciyar da naman ya ɓace. Yaya za a kasance? Dole ku sayi mice ku ciyar da mujiya. Ee Ee! Hakanan, zaku iya yiwa tsuntsu dukkan abinda yake ci a yanayi.

Owl a gida

Yau mujiya mai ciki mamaki babu wanda. Amma ta yaya mutum zai iya kiyaye shi har tsuntsu ya ji daɗi a gida? Tabbas, abincinsa ya kamata ya bambanta, kuma babu bambanci da abincin daji. Tunda aikin tsuntsun ya faɗi da yamma, dare da safiya, yana da kyau a ce tana da ɗakin nata. Me? Don haka ku iya yin bacci cikin dare da dare, yayin da take farauta kuma tana rayuwa kamar yadda aka saba, saboda tana bacci da rana. Da yamma, fita mujiya ya bi ya rufe kofar da karfi don kada abinci ya watsu a kusa da gidan. Kuna zuwa hutawa, tsuntsunku kuma ya tashi don farauta. A daki mujiyaYakamata akwai rassa, bishiyoyi. Kuna iya tsaftace wurin zama sau ɗaya a wata, kuma a can wajan hankalinku.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mujiya

• gudu mujiya kusan shiru saboda tsarin gashin tsuntsu.

• Bayani mai mahimmanci da sassauƙa ba da damar kawai don kama ganima, amma kuma a riƙe ta.

• kururuwa mujiya ana iya jin sa'ilin yayin kiran aure, ko kuma yayin mujiyoyi suna magana da juna • Hankalin da ya fi dacewa ga waɗannan tsuntsayen a Masar • A zamanin da, kururuwar mujiya ta ruhaniya ce da kuma nuna alamar mutu'a da mummunar alama, saboda haka an fitar da su • Mujiya ta kasance alama ce ta hikima da hankali

Bidiyo: FATIMA OWL

Mujiya mai tsayi - Muhalli mafi yawa kuma mafi yawa a yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Tana da ƙarami da mujiya. Launi mai launin ja tare da duhu mai duhu mai duhu akan kirji da ciki, a kowane wuri - jerin lamuran bakin iska mai laushi. Dogo gashin tsuntsu mai ɗorawa a bayyane suna bayyane a fili akan shugaban. Idanu duhu ne ko bakin lemo. Tsayin Jikin 36.2-37.8 cm, fuka-fuki 89.497.2 cm, nauyin jikin 243-300 g .. Namiji bai fi gaban mace ba.

Inda mujiya wacce take rayuwa da farauta, me take ci

A cikin dazuzzukanmu, za a iya samun mujiya mai tsayi da tsayi a cikin hunturu, kodayake yawancin tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke kudanci a lokacin sanyi. Yana faruwa a can, cikin belts na gandun daji ko a cikin kananan wurare na gandun daji coniferous, har zuwa dozin dozin waɗannan tsuntsaye suna tara.

Mujiya mai fure mai tsayi ita ce tsotsewar mayya, wanda ke nufin cewa tana cin abinci ne a ƙanƙanin ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Haƙiƙa, nau'ikan voles da beraye kusan ko'ina suna lissafin sama da kashi 90% na abin da ta kama. Tana kuma kama shuru, amma suna kasa da 1%. Nazarin da masana kimiyya da yawa suka yi ya nuna cewa wannan mujiya tana iya kama da girma, har ma da dabbobi marasa haɗari. Daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun hada da kujeru masu kyau, kayan daki da kuskure, beraye. Koyaya, yin nazarin yanayin farautar wadannan mujiya a cikin karamin ɗan jujjuya Birch, a gefen hanyar da aka shirya juji, na tabbata ya kama voals da bera, kuma ban taɓa lura da harin da suka kaiwa beraye ba, kodayake waƙoƙin bera sun haye zuwa kan dutsen a cikin wurare da yawa. A bayyane yake cewa berayen har yanzu basu kasance mai sauƙin ganuwa ba.

Tsuntsayen galibi suna taka karamin rawa wajen ciyar da wannan mujiya, kuma da wuya suka wuce kashi 5% na kayan abincinta. Amma a cikin hunturu kuma a lokacin yawo kan tsuntsayen abin da ake yawan kaiwawa a hankali. Sparrows musamman sau da yawa suna fama da mujiya, kodayake akwai lokuta da hare-hare da waɗannan mazanan suka faru a kan nutshatch, dawakai daji, rooks, da launin toka.

An kuma lura da babban katako mai katon itace a cikin kayan farauta. Af, game da wannan mai itace.

Wata rana a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, a cikin wata itaciya mai duhu, na lura da ƙaramin gashin tsuntsayen katako kusa da su a ƙarƙashin bishiyar Kirsimeti kuma sun makale a jikin rassan itace. Kasancewar akwai karancin fuka-fukai, da kuma tsuntsayen da suka ci abincin a bishiyar, hakan ya nuna cewa mai shayi bai ci ba ko kuma maharbi yana da kafafu hudu. Gashin fuka-fukan an tsage su, ba cije. Rubutun rubutun ya nuna cewa wasu mujiya suna kama mai jeren itace. Amma wannan yana da wuya a faɗi. A cikin wannan dajin, na hadu da mujiyoyi masu furfura, da mujiya masu furfura, da mujiya mai kayatattu. Koyaya, abincin da ake ci yau da kullun na mujiya mai tsayi kusan 30 g ne na nama, ko mice 3. Don haka babu tsammani cewa ta iya cin babban katako mai katako gaba ɗaya, ba ta barin komai ba sai ƙaramin gashin fuka-fukai (ɗan katako mai nauyin 80-90 g.) Wannan ba zai yiwu ga mujiya mai ƙyalli ba. Don haka, wataƙila, mai ɗaure ya zo mujiya don cin abincin dare.

Takalmin ƙafa na mujiya mai tsayi

Abubuwan da ke tattare da mujiya ta zaune a kan dusar ƙanƙara (a), rarar tsuntsaye a wuri guda (b) da motsawa ba tare da kullun ba (c) Abubuwan da ke tattare da mujiya muƙamuƙi galibi ana samunsu a wurin farauta ko cin abin da ake ci, da kuma kan dusar kankara da aka yayyafa. Tsawon ɗabi'ar bugawa tare da maƙalli yakai cm 7. Af, yana ƙoƙarin auna sawun owl, muna fuskantar wasu matsaloli. Yadda za a auna? A bisa ga al'ada, ana gwada faratsin yatsar yatsu na hannu huɗu daga alamar gaban hagu ta kamo ko ƙarshen tsakiyar (3), da alamar baya a dusar ƙanƙara daga baya (1). Amma a cikin mujiya, ba kai na 3 ba (na tsakiya) ana fuskantar gaba, amma yatsa na 2, wanda ke samar da madaidaiciya layi tare da yatsa baya. A ganina, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin littattafan tunani ana nuna wannan tsawon - daga ƙarshen na 2 zuwa ƙarshen yatsa 1 (baya). Don kauce wa bambance-bambancen, koyaushe ya kamata a nuna yadda aka auna ƙafafun owl ɗin.Bayan 'yan tsoma baki tare da daidaituwa na ma'auni da madogara. A cikin mujiya, dogaye ne da ƙarfi. Wani lokacin tsuntsu yakan shimfiɗa ƙarshen yatsa, sannan ramin da keɓaɓɓe ya rage zuwa nesa mai nisa daga ƙarshen yatsa. Wani lokacin mujiya tana ɗaukar hoto kuma suna tura dusar ƙanƙara ko ƙasa a kusa da yatsa kanta. Wasu lokuta, duk da haka, maƙulli saboda wasu dalilai ba su iya gani kwatankwacin bugawar paw. A cikin lokuta masu shakku, yana da kyau a auna tsawon dukkan yatsunsu (daga diddige har zuwa ƙarshen yatsan da dan yatsa).

Hauwa mujiya

A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, mujiya muƙamala sau da yawa ba ta motsawa cikin matakai, amma a cikin tsalle. Tsawon tsalle-tsalle na iya zama daga 20 zuwa 35 cm. Zai yuwu cewa tare da tsalle-tsalle yana taimakawa kansa da fuka-fuki.

Koyaya, ban lura da alamun fikafikan ba cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Yayin da yake zaune cikin dusar ƙanƙara, tsuntsayen ya sanya pawss ɗin kusa da juna fiye da lokacin tsalle-tsalle. Mujiya wadda take zaune tana da ma'aunin buhari na kusan 7.5 cm.

Wasannin Nama na Nama

Nesting, mujiya mai tsayi, tana daɗaɗɗen tsofaffin buhunan magrib da mayuka, wani lokacin yakan sanya kwai a cikin bukkoki na ungulu, shaho, gwoza, tsiro Mafi sau da yawa, daga ƙwai 4 zuwa 6 ana samun su a cikin mazaunan waɗannan tsuntsayen. A cikin babban abin da na gani, akwai ƙwai 9. Eggsan fari fari na wannan owl ɗin suna ɗan ƙaramin girma na wannan mujiya, suna auna 39.1 x 32.2 mm. Yayinda mace ta kasance cikin tari, namiji yana kusa da gida. Kusan koyaushe na sami wani wuri na kullun na namiji a cikin wani daji ko a cikin wani yanki na itacen katako, ƙarancin mita daga itaciyar tare da gida. Idan babu daji da ya dace, kusa da itaciya, yana nan akan bishiyar makwabta. Yawancin litter da tarkace masu zurfi sun nuna cewa namiji yakan yi amfani da wani kari.

Tare da wani ɗan bambanci a cikin girman tatsuniyoyin, yana da ban mamaki cewa dukkansu suna da kamar sun kasu kashi biyu: ɗaya akan matsakaita 5.4 × 1.8, ɗayan × 2 cm 2. Aairar malalen lila na mujiya kusan 3 × 3 cm.

Owl Dogo mai tsayi a kan farauta

Inda an yi farautar mujiya, a cikin hunturu zaka iya samun waƙoƙin saurin sauƙi. Mafi sau da yawa ana samun su tare da gefuna na gandun daji, tsabtace gandun daji, a gefen iyakar fadama, kusa da fashewar bushes ko kuma ciyawar ciyawa. A kan babban dungu ko kuma a kwance reshe 1.5-2 m sama da ƙasa, sanannun kwafin owl paws ne bayyane. Mujiya tana jiran ganima ta bayyana a wannan saukowa, sai ta dawo ta sha da gudu. Ana iya ganin ta zauna na dogon lokaci a wuri guda - dukkan dusar ƙanƙararta an tattake ta, a ƙarƙashin tsintsiya ana iya ganin farin maɗigon ruwan fure. Ta hanyar girman tsintsiyar, zaka iya tantance girman mujiya, idan saboda wasu dalilai ana sanya bayin tsuntsayen bayyane. Bayan gano wata vole ko linzamin kwamfuta wacce ta tsallake zuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara, mujiya ta hau kan ta kuma, idan tayi nasara, ta ci ganima, tana zaune a wurin a wuri ko ɗaukar ta zuwa hari. Ko ta yaya, galibi yakan kawo kananan kayan da basu da yawa ko kadan, kamar yadda mafi yawan tsuntsayen abincin rana suke yi, amma a baki.

A wurin da aka ci ganima, sai an dusar da dusar ƙanƙara tare da jinin wanda aka azabtar. Kusan sau da yawa, hanji da ciki na dabbar suna wanzuwa. Wannan ya saɓa wa ra'ayin cewa yawancin mujiyoyi na haɓaka ganima.

Wani lokaci anan zaka iya samun narkarwar mujiya, watsar da abinci kafin cin abincin. Lsananan mujiya (tsofaffin hawaye, tsohuwa, owls, da sauransu) suna tsage ƙanƙan da hadiye shi cikin manyan.

Wani lokaci, idan akwai tsokoki masu yawa, kuma mujiya tana da ƙoshin lafiya, tana cin abinci kawai ko gaban gawa, tana jefa sauran. Manyan mujiyoyi, kamar su Ural owl, suna haɗiye ko da manyan ƙaho.

Baya ga neman ganima daga gidajen kurkuku, galibi mujiyoyi sukan yi amfani da jirgin sama na neman jirgin sama, suna yawo a ƙasa mai ƙwanƙolin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka samo ganima, sai tsuntsu ya faɗi tare da miƙe shimfiɗa da shimfiɗa. Hanyoyin da aka bari a dusar ƙanƙara sun nuna cewa maharbin yana jefa dabbobi ba kawai waɗanda ke tsalle sama ba, har ma da waɗanda suke motsawa cikin kauri daga dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin zurfi. A wannan wurin akwai rami m, guga man ta cikin kafafu da jikin tsuntsu. An gano bayyane fuka-fuki a bangarorin ramin, wani lokacin kuma gashin tsuntsaye masu dusar kankara wadanda suka taɓa dusar dusar ƙanƙara wani lokaci ana iya ganinsu a baya. Idan nutse ya yi nasara, kuma wannan yana faruwa a kusan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan 5, wani lokaci burbushi na jini ya kasance a kasan ramin. Ana iya ganin waƙoƙi iri ɗaya daga nesa na 3-4 m.

Bayyanar mutum da hali. Da alama kusan girman hankaka ne, amma a zahiri karami ne (tsayin jiki 35-37 cm, fuka-fukaf 84-95, nauyi 160-430 g). Da rana, wani lokacin yana yiwuwa a fahimta shi tare da kan layi zaune a cikin daji mai yawa ko rawanin bishiyoyi, to, "kunnuwa" a kai da idanun lemo suna yawanci m. Ana kunnawa a maraice da daddare, sannan za ku iya ganinta cikin jirgin, ku ji murya da halayyar sautin fuskoki. Fuka-fukan suna da tsayi kuma ba su da fadi. Jirgin yana da sauƙi, mai motsawa, laushi da shiru. Bayanin. Launin launin tsuntsaye manya ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da duhu, akasarin jigon yadudduka. Ya bambanta da mujiya na mahaifa, kusan dukkanin ciki na cikin wadatattun yawa, tare da kwarara masu ruwa a tsaye suna da “rassa”. Disc bayin rarrabe diski na gaba. Sanya '' kunnuwa '' gashin gashin tsuntsaye kusan ana iya ganinsu a cikin tsuntsu zaune a kai; a cikin gudu, ana matse su kuma ba a gani. Idanun sun yi ruwan lemo (mujiya muzaharar tana da idanu masu rawaya), gemun duhu. Ofarshen reshe a cikin jirgin sama yana da haske tare da duhu duhu a fagen reshe. An bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin gudu daga mujiya na fari da tsayi a cikin kasidar kan mujiya na tsuruke. Namiji da mace suna da launi iri ɗaya, namiji ya fi na mace girma. Kajin na farkon fararen kaya masu fari ne, mako guda daga baya ya fara maye gurbinsu da masassarar mata. Daga ranakun 5-7, wani abin rufe fuska ya fara bayyana a idanun. Bundawan kunne yana fara bayyana daga kwanaki 10-14. A cikin mesoptile, kajin suna da launin toka tare da tsarin juyawa na haske, kananan kunnuwa da kuma wani abin rufe fuska. Lokacin yana da shekaru 20-25, kajin sun fara barin gida, fuka-fukan gashinsu sun fara girma sosai, kuma sun kai girman tsuntsaye manya. Lokacin wata ɗaya da haihuwa, matasa sun fara tashi. Kuma har yanzu ana iya ganin alamun kananan yara a cikin tsuntsayen yara har zuwa watanni uku; a cikin kayan farko, sun zama kama da manya.

Kuri'a. A lokacin da muke ciki, namiji yakan yi saurin kurmawa kururuwar murya "uh ... uh ... uh"Tare da wani lokaci-lokaci na sakan na 2-3, tare da kararrawa tsuntsayen suna yin sauti mai amowack wack"Ko" humm. " Ana kuma yin zirga-zirga a halin yanzu sau da yawa, tare da sauti na fuka-fuki. A watan Yuni da Yuli, da yamma da daddare, sautin kukan da suke yi ya yi nisa - na bakin ciki "Pyi ... peni»Tare da tazara na daƙiƙi da yawa.

Matsayi na Rarraba. Arewacin Eurasia, Arewacin Amurka. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, yana faruwa ko'ina a kudu na 63-65 daidaici. Duk inda ake zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma lamba da yawa sun bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara gwargwadon yawan ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta. Rayuwa. Yana daidaitawa a cikin wuraren da wuraren bude fili (makiyaya, filaye, wurare da dama, lambuna na kayan lambu) suna mamaye da copses, katako, lambuna. Yawancin tashoshin girke-girke na yau da kullun sune bel bel na gandun daji tare da hanyoyi da datti, gefen ƙauyuka, lambuna, gidajen rani, hurumi. Mafi yawan lokuta kiwo a cikin naru na corvids, musamman yana son kuran magpies, amma kuma yana iya zama gida mai fadi, gine-gine, har ma a ƙasa. Kashin kansa baya gina burtuna, babu wani rufi. A cikin kama yawanci 3-8 (har 10) fararen ƙwai. Mace tana sanya abin kama daga farkon kwai, don haka kajin a cikin mazaunin yayi bambanta sosai da shekaru. A brood ne ciyar da iyaye biyu. Vole da mice sune tushen abinci, ƙarancin lokuta, ana kama sauran ƙananan dabbobi. Ya yi farauta da daddare, yawo a kan wani wuri ko jiran ganima a cikin farmaki. Aura daga ɓangaren arewa na kewayon don hunturu (mu owls hunturu galibi a cikin yammacin da kuma kudancin yankunan Turai), a cikin sauran kewayon da yawa tsuntsaye hunturu a cikin nesting bangare. A lokacin hunturu, a wasu wuraren wasu lokuta yakan samar da wasu manyan rumfunan yau da kullun a cikin kambin bishiyoyi da yawa na tsuntsaye.

Mujiya mai tsayi (Asio otus)

Shafi na 2

Abokin Hayarka (Asio otus) Cikakkiyar mujiya mai dogon girma da mamaki tayi kama da ƙaramin kwalaba na gaggafa tare da kunnuwa gashinta mai kauri da launuka masu launin shuɗi na idanun idanun. Amma da zarar ta sauka, tana zaune a reshe, don hutun kwana daya, ta zubam da idanunta, ta matse tsintsiyar da shimfiɗa kanta, nan da nan ta juye da mujiya ta zama busasshen busasshiyar busasshe. The kama da kara da launi da tsuntsu, wanda sosai maimaita launi da har ma da irin zane na itacen haushi gungumen da fasa. Irin wannan rikicewar ba lallai ba ce, musamman a wuraren da goshawk shaho ke zaune, da himma ciki har da kuliyoyi masu girma a cikin jerin sunayensu na farauta. Haka ne, kuma kowane karamin tsuntsu, lokacin da ya ga mujiya, nan da nan ya fara jefa ƙuri'a a kan dazuzzuka kuma tattara dukanin garken makoki, wanda tabbas ba zai bar ni in zauna cikin nutsuwa ba bayan farauta da dare. Daga wasu mujiya, musamman daga ɓarna, owl fari mai ban sha'awa yana bambanta da manyan, har zuwa santimita shida, kunnuwa fuka-fuka (haƙiƙa kunnuwan suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin gashin fuka-fukan), ruwan lemo mai haske (a tsoffin tsuntsaye har ma da launin shuɗi) mai launi na iris na ido (a cikin ƙwayar mujiya yana da rawaya ) da kasancewa a kan kowane alkalami na kasan gefen jikinsa tare da raunin da ya wuce na muddin yana jujjuya yanayin. Mujiya mai fure mai tsayi wani nau'in filastik ne, yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu rai a kan yankin Belarus: maɓuɓɓugan tsibiri masu nisa, tsaftar iska, gandun daji na tsibiri tsakanin filayen noma, yankuna maras kyau da dazuzzuka marasa iyaka, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa. Wannan karamin (yana nauyin kimanin 300 g) tsuntsu yana samun ingantacciyar yanayin rayuwa tsakanin filayen da mutane ke zaune, inda gandun daji ya kewaya da ciyawar makiyaya da filaye, filaye har ma da shara.

Mujiya mai tsayi, tana amfani da ranar da take ɓoye a cikin kambin itace, kuma da isowar dare ta tashi don farauto ciyayi da filayen. Yin farauta a cikin jirgin sama ya fi nuna halayyar sa, kuma ana amfani da farauta ne a matsayin hanyar taimako kuma ana ɗaukar kusan kashi goma cikin ɗari na lokacin farauta. Kusan keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta suna faɗuwa a cikin cinyar mujiya mai kaurin tsufa, rabon zaki a cikin wanda yake sanye da launin toka-yawancin mazaunan wuraren da babu itace.

Wannan nau'in, tare da kwaroron roba da ƙawancen sittin, na iya zama mai ban sha'awa don jawo hankalin kusa da kamfanonin masana'antu, tunda ƙwaƙatan 90% an haɗa su a cikin abincin.

Wani mujiya mai girman kai tana cin abinci kusan dari biyu a kullun. Iyalin owls masu kajin 5 a kowace kakar (daga ƙarshen Fabrairu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni) na iya lalata fiye da ƙwayoyin 1000!

A cikin ranakun shuru, a cikin kwanciyar hankali, mujiya tana ɗaukar jefa guda biyu zuwa uku don kama wanda aka azabtar, kuma idan iska ta yi ƙarfi ko kuma ta yi ruwa saboda hayaniya, abin da ya sa ta fara raguwa sau biyu zuwa uku.

Rayuwar rayuwar mujiya mai tsayi tana gudana a cikin daji. Dabbobin sun dogara da tsuntsaye na Corvidae (magpie, rook, hankaka, launin toka), wanda ke birbishin shi. A sauƙaƙe yana motsawa zuwa mazaunin kurar wucin gadi a waɗancan wuraren da babu buɗaɗɗun shinge. Tsawon mujiyoyin kujiyoyi ba su kula. Yana da mahimmanci a gare su cewa rukunin yana da kyau a cikin ɓoyayyen sassan kambi. Yawan haihuwa da mujiya mai sanyin fure ya bambanta a cikin shekaru daban-daban dangane da adadin voles. A cikin shekarun da suka fi dacewa dangane da yanayin ciyarwa, a cikin clutches akwai akwai 8-9 ko fiye da qwai, amma mafi yawan lokuta ba su wuce biyar ko shida. Mujiya mai tsayi da ke daɗaɗɗen ci gaba yana ciyar da dusar ƙanƙara kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi dacewa don samun abinci. A cikin shekaru masu karancin voles, daya ko biyu daga cikin mafi ƙanƙancin kajin kuma mafi yawanci suna mutuwa ne saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Yawan kajin da aka tashe daga 30 zuwa 65% na yawan ƙwai da aka aza. Lokacin yana da kimanin makonni 4, kajin sun bar gida, kusan sun kasa tashiwa. Watanni biyu bayan barin gida, ana iya gano brood a saukake ta hanyar halayyar dogon kajin. A cikin kaka, a ƙarshen Satumba, ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar Belarusiya suna lura da ƙaura na mujiya mai tsayi. Mujiyoyinmu suna tashi zuwa kudu, yayin da 'yan arewa suke tashi don hunturu zuwa Belarus.

A kan ƙaura kuma a cikin wuraren hunturu, kamfanoni da yawa sukan karu owls masu tsayi. Fuka-fukai na owl 8-12 sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma a wasu lokuta har zuwa tsuntsaye sama da talatin sukan tara wuri guda, yayin da suke kwana a lokaci kusa da juna, galibi akan bishiya ɗaya. A lokaci guda, ba sa jin tsoron mutum sosai kuma yana ba su damar yin la'akari da kansu a kusanci. Tsuntsaye suna tashi wuri ɗaya a lokaci na 20-30 bayan faɗuwar rana. Mujiya mai tsayi tana da ƙuruciya. Babban haɗari ga tsuntsayen manya shine owls da owls, kuma Martens wani lokacin suna lalata gida. Owaya daga cikin mujiya na maraƙi yana zaune a yanayi tsawon shekaru 29 da watanni 9.

A cikin Belarus, mujiya mai tsayi ba ta da matsayin tsuntsayen da ke da kariya (akwai nau'i-nau'i daga 12-20 dubu biyu daga gare su), amma yana kan jerin nau'in jinsin da aka yi niyya don kariya bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Berne. 10 kyawawan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da mujiya mujiya:

1. Bayyanar “kunnuwa” gashin gashin, saboda wanda mujiya ta sa sunan ta, a zahiri basu da alaƙa da kunnuwan gaske, waɗanda ke ɓoye mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin gashin fuka-fukai.
2. Kawai nau'ikan owls 11 ne a gida a Belarus. Mujiya mai tsayi ita ce ɗayansu.
3. Matsakaicin, mujiya ba sa rayuwa mai tsawo. Don haka, sanannun mujiya mai tsayi da daɗewa ta rayu shekaru 29 da watanni 9 kawai.
4. Mujiya mai tsayi tana jujjuya kai 270.
5. Mujiya mai tsayi, ba ta yin kafa a gida, amma tana zaune a cikin ciyawar sauran tsuntsaye. A wannan yanayin, lokacin zabar gida, da farko ya dogara da kamanta shi.
6. Koyaya, waɗannan mujiyoyin da yardar rai za su sauka a cikin gidajen da mutane suka yi.
7. A cikin Belarus, mujiya mai tsayi tana daɗaɗɗen hunturu. Yawancin lokaci kamfanoni na tsuntsaye 8-10 ne ke riƙe su. Amma wani lokacin zaku iya ganin hatsi har guda 30 a kan bishiya ɗaya.
8. Mujiya mai tsayi mai tsayi da mamaki tana kama da ƙaramin kwalaba na gaggafa tare da “kunnuwa” na gashin tsuntsaye masu tsawonsu da launuka masu launuka iri-iri.
9. Mujiya mai tsayi tana da ƙarancin makiya. Babban haɗari an ƙirƙira shi ta mujiya gaggafa, waɗanda basa ƙin kula da kansu ga Soviet. Amma manya suna fuskantar barazanar da marten.
10. Mujiya ta ci ɗan bera mara amfani. A matsakaici, don kama motsi guda ɗaya, yana buƙatar shirya ƙasa sau 2-3. Kuma tare da iska mai ƙarfi, wannan lambar na iya ƙaruwa sau da yawa.