Wani maciji ne wanda ba ya cin ciyawar:
Sanya Sanya (Haematopus ostralegus)
A cikin Jamusanci, Faransanci da Ingilishi, ana kiran wannan tsuntsu “catacen kram”, amma a zahiri ba ya cin ciyawar. An bayyana murfin magpie na fili don haƙa ƙananan ƙwayoyin katako daga yashi da ƙira. Abincinta shine tsutsotsi, ɓawon burodi, larvae kwari, ƙananan katantanwa. Wanene yana da mafi yawan baki, zai iya karya harsashi na wata mace mai rai, ko a yanke shi, ko a kashe shi kamar guduma, ko kuma a sami wani harsashi da ya mutu daga bakin teku. Wanda ke da ƙarshen ƙarshe - ƙwararre a cikin hakar tsutsotsi. Amma oysters bai isa ba ga wayoyin nan. Koyaya, wannan kuskuren ya rasa rayukan dubunnan su yayin da a shekara ta 1974 masu gonar kawa a cikin Burtaniya, inda masu baƙi da yawa daga arewacin Turai ke amfani da hunturu, suka sami izinin harba "kwari." Abin farin ciki, duk wannan a baya, yanzu ba ma kawai ba a kashe su ba, amma, akasin haka, alfahari. Misali, ga tsibirin Faroe, waɗanda suke ɓangare na Denmak, ana ɗaukar magpie a matsayin tsuntsu alama ce.
Tsawon jikin - kimanin 40 cm.
Girman nauyi shine kilogiram 0,5.
Zama manya yayin shekaru 3.
Magpies suna zaune a gefen tekuna, tafkuna da manyan koguna, kewayon wannan nau'in yana maimaita yanayin bakin teku da manyan jikin ruwan ruwa. Masana kimiyya sun bambanta matsayin uku: ɗayan kudanci a Yammacin Turai, ɗayan a Kudancin Turai Rasha da Tsakiyar Asiya, da kuma na uku a Kamchatka, China da Koriya. Peungiyoyin sun bambanta a cikin inuwar girki da tsawon beak, wanda ke ƙaruwa zuwa gabas. A cikin Russia, ana samun dukkan abubuwan uku, kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya, ana kiranta babban yanki, an jera su a cikin littafin Red na kasar mu. Ba kamar sauran ba, babban birgon sandpiper magpie ba ya zaune kusa da tekun, amma a bankunan manyan koguna. Haɓaka tattalin arziƙin ambaliyar ruwa da ginin wuraren hana ruwa gudu suna hana waɗannan tsuntsayen wuraren da suka dace da mazauni. Don kiyaye su, wuraren da aka samo manyan bindigogi na magrib a cikin lokutan kiwo dole ne a barsu ba a taɓa shi ba. Piean wasan bazara na Magpie a Afirka da Kudancin Asia, inda suke taru a babban garke. Nazarin ya nuna cewa gungu na wannan nau'in ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin mai nuna alamar lafiyar yanayin: ana tara su cikin wurare kawai tare da wuraren zama ba tare da damuwa ba.
Wan wasa arba'in ba za a iya yin watsi da su ba: sun cika baki, mai ƙarfi, manyan kamfanoni suna riƙe su kuma ba sa ɓoye kwata-kwata. Kamar sauran manyan bindigogi, suna gudu da sauri, suna tashi da ƙarfi, har ma suna iyo sosai, wanda ke faruwa lokacin kama ƙananan kifi. A lokacin farauta, waɗannan mayaƙan ban dariya, masu walwala suna canza halin su kwatsam: sun ja da baya, kuma masu kawo hari. Wannan ya zama dole don kare masarar, wacce ke a sarari kan yashi, dutsen kwandon shara ko kanbo, a cikin wani karamin rami kusa da tudu, da kuma girma kajin. A cikin gida akwai ƙwai 2 zuwa 4, mafi yawan lokuta - uku. Iyaye suna shigar da su bi da bi, zai ɗauki kusan wata guda. Adersan wasan adawar magpie ba wai kawai suna jagorantar kawunansu bane, har ma suna ciyar dasu, suna kawo abinci a cikin gemunsu, harma da haɗuwa.
Fitowar sandpiper
Wannan tsuntsu yanada yanayin halaye wanda yasanya sauki ganewa. Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne game da girman hankaka.
Girman magpie na mutum shine 420 - 820 g., Tsayin Jikin 40 - 50 cm, fuka-fuki 80 - 87 cm. Tsarin tsuntsu yana yin tsayayye, baƙi da fari.
A lokacin matse, da wuya, kai, da gaban goshin, saman kirji, ƙarshen wutsiya, matsakaici da ƙaramin fikafikan tsuntsayen fentin baki ana zanen su baki tare da wasu kayan ƙarfe. A saman fikafikan baƙar fata shine launin fari mai kewayawa. Bottomasan fuka-fukan, bangarorin, ciki da sauran sassan jikin tsuntsun an fenti da fararen fata. A ƙasa da sandpiper magpie akwai ƙaramin fari tabo.
Siffar halayyar wannan sandpiper itace madaidaici tsawon 8 - 10 cm mai launi ja-orange mai haske. Iris shima ja-orange ne. Kafafu suna da ja-ruwan hoda cikin launi maimakon gajere. A cikin kaka, ƙarfe na ƙarfe na rudewa ya shuɗe. A wannan lokacin, tabo a cikin sifar wuyan rabin wuya mai launin fari ya bayyana a yankin makogwaro.
Sandpiper Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus).
Hakanan a cikin kaka, ƙarshen baki yana zama cikin duhu a cikin tsuntsu. Demorphism na jima'i a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen ba shi da haɓaka, wanda ya sa maza da mata ba su bambanta sosai da bayyanar. Tsuntsayen matasa sun bambanta da manya a cikin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi na ɓangaren duhu. Hakanan, kananan dabbobi ba su da farin tabo a maƙogwaronsu. Kafafu na samammen gwal-arba'in suna da launin launin toka mai haske. Gefen ruwan itace kawai a gindi, ragowar yana fenti a cikin launin toka mai duhu.
Mazaunin Magpie arba'in
Gasar mazaunin magpie ta kasu kashi uku cikin kebe da juna. Duk waɗannan mutanen suna zaune ne a yankin Eurasia. Kowane ɗayan alƙarya an kasafta su a cikin keɓaɓɓun ƙungiyoyi. Thearancin sandpiper na magpie sun bambanta a cikin launi na cikakkun bayanai plyalli, tsawon baki da girman tsuntsu.
An haɗa Sandpiper Magpie a cikin littafin Red na Rasha a matsayin tallafin da ya zama baƙon abu sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam.
Northern Sandpiper Magpie yar karamar talla ce. Tana kusa da inda take kusa da tekun Iceland da Turai. An rarraba waɗannan ƙananan kudaden ne a Arewacin Atlanta, amma ana samun su a arewacin Rum. A yankin Tekun Arewa, yawan masu wannan tallafin ya kai mafi girma. Daga nan ne, tushen ya shimfiɗa cikin zurfin ƙasa, ya kuma zauna cikin kwarin kogin. Hakanan ana samun magriba ta magriba ta arewa a cikin ruwayen Sweden, Netherlands, Turkiya, Ireland, Scotland da kuma gabar Tekun Arctic na Tarayyar Rasha har zuwa bakin Kogin Pechora a gabas.
Babban birgon sandpiper magpie yana da tushe uku a cikin gabashin Turai, a Minaramar Asiya da Yammacin Siberiya har zuwa ƙarshen kogin Abakan da Ob a gabashin. A ɓangaren yamma na Rasha, kewayon yana da halayen halaye na yau da kullun. Anan ana samun waɗannan tsuntsaye a cikin kwari da kuma haraji na irin waɗannan koguna kamar Dvina ta Arewa, Volga, Don, Pechora, Desna, Irtysh, Ob da Tobol.
A lokacin shiryawa, yakan fitar da kaifi, yana maimaita “saurin-sauri-da sauri", yawanci tare da beak dinsa.
Farfa sandpiper magpie ita ce mafi yawan jihohin gabas. Wannan reshen yana da rassa a arewa maso gabashin China, yamma da Korea, a Primorye da kuma a Kamchatka.
Magpie Sandpiper Face Mask
Itaciyar halittar dake nuna tsibiran tsibiran, tsibirin rafi ne a hankali, bakin kogi, da gabar ruwa.
Hakanan ana iya samun wannan sandpiper a bankunan kananan koguna kusa da bakinsu.
Tsarin rayuwar wannan tsuntsu yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsawar ebbs da gudana. Gaskiyar ita ce a yayin ƙananan raunin ruwa, sake dawo da ruwa yana ɓoye sassan ɓangaren ƙasa inda abinci yake kasancewa da yawa.
A cikin kwanyar magpie, akwai kwai 3 na launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da tatsuniyar launin toka mai zurfi da ƙananan baƙi, manyan manya.
Abincin Magpie
Tushen abincin magrib sandpipers ya ƙunshi invertebrates daban-daban, kamar tsutsotsi na polychaete, mollusks, kwari da ɓarna. Wani lokacin wannan tsuntsu yakan ci kifi. A cikin yanayin rayuwa a kan iyakar teku, babban rawar abinci a cikin abincin ana yin shi ne ta hanyar bivalves: ƙyallen ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙirar zuciya, Baltic mackerel da sauransu. A bankunan sassan ruwa na cikin gida da bakin bakin kogi, kwari da larvae, da ciyawar ƙasa, sune tushen abincin.
Sandpiper Magpie tsuntsu ne mai matukar zafin rai da yawan ihu. Yayin ciyarwa, yaƙe-yaƙe na gida da fadace-fadace tsakanin tsuntsaye akan wuraren ciyarwa ba lamari bane. Lokacin da suke ciyarwa, tsuntsaye sukan huɗa yashi ko ciyawa tare da dogo mai tsawo.
Kajiyen Downy suna barin gida a ranar farko, amma da farko sun kasa bin iyayensu kuma suna samun nasu abincin.
Magpie kiwo
Tsuntsaye fara farawa a shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa. Sandpiper Magpie tsuntsu ne mai cin duri. Fure mai daci yana ci gaba da rayuwa har tsawon rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsaye. Koyaya, wasu lokuta ma'aurata zasu iya rabuwa.
Wannan na faruwa ne yayin da ɗayan mutane suka yanke shawarar canza abokin tarayya, da kuma a cikin yanayin gasar gasa mai ƙarfi ga namiji ko yanki. Zuwan wurin farawa yana farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Afrilu.
Sau da yawa, ma'aurata sukan koma zuwa wurin da ake yin sayayya a shekara da farko.
Bikin rataye mace ce ta namiji wanda ke tafiya cikin da'ira ko tashi baya da kuma kananan kananan kungiyoyi tare da halayyar halayyar, doguwar wuyan wuyansa da beke. A cikin tsari, an rarraba tsuntsaye a hankali nau'i-nau'i, kuma suka fara gina gida. Kowane ma'aurata suna da wurin kiwo nasu, wanda yake tsaro. Tare da babban yawa tsuntsaye, nests na iya zama kusa da juna.
A cikin neman abinci, sandpiper yana motsawa gefen tekun a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, yana jefa bakin sa cikin ruwa ko yashi.
Saurari muryar Magpie Sandpiper
Gida ɗan ƙaramin rami ne a cikin pebbles, yashi, wani lokacin kuma a ciyawar ciyawa. Litter yawanci ba ya nan. Gefen gida yana yawanci akan wasu haɓakar wuri mai faɗi tare da kyakkyawan gani. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci yayin zabar wani wuri don gida shine kusancinsa da ruwa.
Clutch yawanci ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3, amma kuma akwai 4 da 2. Lokacin shiryawa yana kasancewa tsawon kwanaki 26 - 27, a lokacin da mace da namiji suna sanya ƙwai.
A yayin shiryawa, gida yana da matukar cutarwa ga mafarauta, gami da hankaka da gulls.
A lokacin shiryawa, a gida shi ne abincin da yake da ɗanɗano don gulls da crows, don kada iyaye su bar shi ba tare da kula ko da minti ɗaya ba. A ranar farko bayan fitowar su, kajin za su iya barin gida, amma har yanzu suna da rauni sosai kuma sun kasa samun abincin kansu ko kuma iyayensu. Da farko, kajin ba su yi nisa da gida ba, kuma iyayensu koyaushe suna kawo musu abinci a cikin beransu. Ta wannan hanyar, manyan bindigogi suna ciyar da kajin har tsawon makonni 6.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Bayanin
A cikin kewayon, tsuntsu sananne. Babbar sandpiper game da girman launin toka. Tsayin tsawon 40-47 cm, nauyi 420-820 g, fuka-fukai 80-86 cm. A cikin tsuntsu mai balagaggu cikin kayan kwalliya, kai, wuya, kirji na sama, gaban bango, ƙarami da matsakaiciyar fikafikai da ƙarshen wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ne, tare da ƙaramin ƙarfe. Fuka-fukan da ke sama suna baƙar fata tare da farar fata mai fa'ida. Ragowar dutsen - ƙasa, gefunan, bangon reshe, nadhvost da tsiri a reshen - fari. Akwai karamin fari a karkashin ido.
Beak mai ruwan hoda-ja, madaidaiciya, maras kyau a gefe, tsawon cm cm 8. Kafafu suna gajera ga sandpiper, ruwan hoda-ja. Bakan gizo-ja. A cikin kaka, matatun ƙarfe ya ɓace, farin tabo a siffar rabin abin wuya yana bayyana akan makogwaron, bakin beak yayi duhu. Mace ta waje ba ta bambanta da maza. A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, sautunan baƙi suna da launin toka-toka, babu wani fari fari mai ɓoye, beki mai duhu launin toka tare da tushen ƙazamar lemu, kafafu suna launin toka, bakan gizo mai duhu.
Gudun yana iyo da kyau. Jirgin yana kai tsaye, mai sauri, tare da maimaita fuka-fukan fuka-fukan, ana tunawa da jirgin ducks. Tsuntsu mai haushi da hayaniya. Babban kukan, wanda aka watsa a ƙasa da cikin iska, shine babban abin birgewa mai “kvirrrrr”. A lokacin shiryawa, yakan fitar da kaifi, yana maimaita “Saurin-Saurin-Saurin-Sauri”, yawanci tare da baki. Waƙa ta ƙarshe, sau da yawa tana hanzartawa da juya zuwa cikin ɗayan juzu'i, wani lokacin yakan zo lokaci guda daga membobin ma'aurata ko daga ƙaramin rukuni na tsuntsaye.
Matsakaicin yankin
Akwai mutane uku da keɓewa da juna daga ɗayan magrib sandpiper, na kowa a cikin Eurasia. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan alƙaluma an sanya matsayin matsayin - tsuntsaye sun bambanta da juna a girma, tsayin beak, da sifofin canza launi. Nominal Subtype H. o. ostralegus (arewacin sandpiper magpie) na kusa da iyakar Turai da Iceland - galibi Arewacin Atlantika, amma kuma a arewacin Rum. Wannan adadi ya kai matsayinsa mafi girma a gabar Tekun Arewa, daga inda ya ratsa cikin nesa ya kuma shirya makabarta a cikin kwarin kogi, musamman irin su Rhine, Ems, Elba da Weser. Bugu da kari, ana samunsa a cikin ruwa na cikin ruwa na Scotland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkiya da kuma gabar tekun Arctic na Rasha gabas zuwa bakin Pechora.
Biyan kuɗi H. o. dogon gashi (babban sanancin sandpiper-magpie) yana da nasa gida a Asiya ,arama, ɓangaren gabashin Gabashin Turai da Yammacin Siberiya zuwa gabas zuwa Ob da ƙasan Abakan. Yana faruwa a cikin kullun a yammacin Rasha, galibi a cikin kwarin manyan koguna da harajinsu: Don, Volga, Northern Dvina, Desna, Pechora, Ob, Irtysh, Tobol. A ƙarshe, mafi yawan yankuna na gabas H. o. osculans (Far Eastern sandpiper-magpie) yana zaune a Kamchatka, Primorye, gabar yammacin Korea da arewa maso gabashin China. Kamar sauran bankuna na bakin teku na bakin tekun Netherlands, Jamus da Denmark, a Koriya, tsuntsayen gida suke a yankin guda na Samangam, suna kan iyaka zuwa kogunan da ke gudu zuwa Tekun Rawaya.
Habitat
Halin sandpiper na magpie yana da alaƙa da yanki ɗaya, inda tsuntsu ke samun abincin sa. Nesting biotope - tekun bahar, tsibiri, kwari mai laushi na manyan koguna da gabar ruwa tare da bakin ruwa mai yashi, harsashi ko rairayin bakin tekun da ƙarancin sandy. Hakanan an samo su a kan ƙananan koguna kusa da wuraren da suke gudana cikin manyan jikin ruwa. Wani lokaci, yakan shirya gida a cikin ciyayi mai laushi, inda yake zaɓar wurare tare da ciyayi mai ƙarancin tsiro, har ma da filayen dankalin turawa da wuraren da ake juyawa na yashi. M, cika ciyawa tare da ciyawa da gandun daji, kazalika da rudanin maɗaukakiyar wurare suna guje wa.
Yanayin zaman
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kallon ƙaura. Sai kawai a arewa maso yamma na Turai, wasu tsuntsaye suna yin tururuwa a wuraren farauta ko yin ƙananan ƙaura - alal misali, ɗaruruwan dubunnann lokacin hunturu ana iya lura da su a kudu maso yamma na Ingila da kuma Tekun Wadden, inda tsuntsaye suke zaune a nan suna haɗuwa tare da jigilar gilasai daga Iceland, yankuna na arewacin Burtaniya, Scandinavia da arewa maso yamma Rasha. Wani sashi na tsuntsayen ya nufi kudu zuwa gabar Tekun Iberian da Kudancin Turai, kuma raka'a sun haye Tekun Bahar Rum suka isa Arewacin Afirka. Mostasar kudu maso kudu tana da manyan bindigogi masu ƙarfin lantarki ita ce Ghana. Yawan jama'ar Yankin Tsakiya Eurasia (keɓaɓɓu dogon gashi) baƙi ne masu nisa - wuraren da suke yin hunturu suna gabashin Afirka, Larabawa da Indiya. Biyan kuɗi osculans masu sanyi a kudu maso gabashin China.
Farkon lokacin kaka yana farawa jim kaɗan bayan ƙarshen kiwo. A cikin Turai, an rubuta ƙaura na farko a cikin tsakiyar watan Yuli, amma mafi yawan barin wuraren farauta a tsakiyar watan Agusta - Satumba. Ya fara tashi zuwa wuraren farauta a ƙarshen Janairu, kuma zuwa ƙarshen watan Afrilu yawancin dumbin tsuntsaye sun riga sun cika wurin. Tsuntsaye masu wucewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna kiyaye gabar tekun kuma kawai a wasu lokuta ana samun su zurfi a cikin nahiyoyi.