Rayuwa a cikin sanyi Tundra tana buƙatar tabbatacciyar rayuwa da kuma kwarewar daidaita kowane nau'i, wanda ba da jimawa ba zai iya kasancewa a cikin waɗannan sassan.
Dukkanin dabbobi na Tundra suna da haɗin kai ta wasu alamu na waje, alal misali, launi mai haske a cikin hunturu, farin saniya ko murfin gashin tsuntsu, ƙananan idanu da kunnuwa, jikin squat.
Yawancin jinsuna suna yin ƙaura don hunturu zuwa gandun daji-tundra, taiga, ko kuma wasu yankuna na kudanci, tunda kusan babu abincin da ya rage saboda yanayin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara.
Bari mu bincika waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙarfin zuciya, mazaunan Tundras na Eurasia da Amurka.
Caribou
Daya daga cikin shahararrun dabbobi na yankin sanyi shine Reindeer.
Tabar Tundra yawanci matsakaici ne a cikin girma, ya fi squat. Akwai Reindeer iri-iri, suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin taiga, sun fi girma fiye da tundra. Hanya mafi kyawun rayuwa ta sa suka rasa ƙazantar ni'ima da ci, kyautar tasu ta fi gaban faɗakarwa, wannan ya zama tilas don ƙetare dusar ƙanƙara.
Launi na iya zama da bambancin launuka - a lokacin rani daga kofi-launin ruwan kasa zuwa ashen, a cikin hunturu yana da launi, wani lokacin kusan gaba ɗaya fari ne.
Reindeers suna da bambance-bambance da yawa daga sauran dangi:
- Jawo mafi tsawo.
“Hornsaho suna da girma, amma ba masu nauyi ba.” Wannan ya barata ta hanyar cewa a cikin reindeer sun kasance bakin ciki.
- Matan waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙaho biyu masu ƙarfi kamar na maza. Amma akwai matanda ba su da ƙaho, ana kiransu ƙaho.
- earsaranda kunnuwa da idanu, saboda yanayin sanyi.
- Samuwar manyan garken dabbobi, musamman yayin lokacin hada-hada.
Reindeer shine asalin zuriya kuma ana amfani dashi akan gona. Ana bambanta irin waɗannan mutanen ta hanyar girman girman su da kuma gunaguni.
Duniyar dabbobi ta tundra
Duniya mai taurin kai na tundra tana da kyau, mai arziki da kyan gani. A cikin Rasha, wannan yanki na halitta yana rufe ƙasa daga Kola Peninsula kuma ya wuce zuwa Chukotka. A waje da ƙasarmu, yana cikin arewacin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka.
Rayuwa a cikin wannan hamada mai tsananin sanyi ba tare da gandun daji ba, tare da daskararren ƙasa, iska mai ƙarfi kamar ba zai yiwu ba. Amma ko a nan duniya tana da matukar ƙarfi da bambanci. Sunayen dabbobi na Tundra ya zama alamomin iko, rashin tsoro, hankali, ƙarfi, kyakkyawa: kyarkeci, walrus, peregrine falcon, mujiya, swan.
Raman rago
Wani sanannen sananniyar dabba, ɗan rago, ana rarrabe ta da girman jiki, ƙananan kunnuwa da manyan idanu. Har yanzu akwai rikice-rikice, suna danganta tumakin a cikin rhino a matsayin respepe ko nuna alama a matsayin jinsin daban.
Sheep tumakin dusar ƙanƙara suna guje wa wurare tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Babban abincin ya ƙunshi ganye da namomin kaza, gami da tsofaffin, wanda larvae na kwari daban-daban suke rauni. Don haka, dabbobi suna rama rashin ƙarancin furotin a jiki.
Bighorn tumaki ne irin na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Mafi tsohuwar da aka samu ragowar waɗannan dabbobi kusan shekaru dubu 100 ne.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa
Foctic Arctic
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Sau da yawa ana kiran wannan dabbar dabbar polar. Wannan wata dabba ce mai tsinkaye da ke rayuwa cikin dangi na tsawon tsararraki, sannan kuma ita kaɗai. A farin gashi na dabba ne mai kyau a cikin yanayin dusar kankara a cikin tundra. Arctic Arctic dabba ce mai yawan iko wanda ke cin abinci iri biyu da abincin dabba.
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Dabba mai ƙarfi ya daidaita don rayuwa a cikin hunturu mai sanyi. Tana da sutura mai yawa da manyan ƙaho, wacce dirar take canzawa kowace shekara. Suna zaune cikin garken dabbobi suna yawon tundra. A lokacin hunturu, abincin deer galibi yana kunshe da gansakuka na reindeer, irin wannan abincin kaɗan yana sa dabba ta nemi ruwan teku don cike gurbin ma'adinai. Deer yana son ciyawa, berries da namomin kaza.
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Lemon tsami
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Mashahurai ƙananan ƙwayoyin tundra waɗanda ke ciyar da yawancin dabbobi masu yanke tsammani. A rodent Yana son ganye, tsaba da kuma tushen itatuwa. Wannan dabbar ba ta hibernate a lokacin hunturu, saboda haka tana ɓoye kayan abinci musamman a lokacin rani, kuma tana tono ta a cikin hunturu. Idan babu isasshen abinci, to dole masu garkuwa da mutane su shirya ƙaura zuwa wani yanki. Ruwan lemun tsami suna da matukar tasiri.
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Dabbar dabba ce da take kama da bijimai da na tumaki. A Rasha, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a wurare masu kariya kuma ana kiyaye su. Dabbobin suna da sutura mai tsayi da kauri. Ana ganin shanu na shanu da dare kuma suna iya samun abinci a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna zaune a cikin garken, manyan abokan dabbobin sune kyarkeci da bera.
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Gofer
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Animalan karamar dabba mai santsi tare da gajerun kafafu na gaba, waɗanda aka ba su da kaifi mai kaifi. Yawancin gophers suna haɓaka abinci. A wannan yanayin, alamun kunci suna taimaka musu da kyau. Zaka iya gane gopher ta wani murɗa kai tare da taimakon wanda dabbobi ke sadarwa.
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Subsarancin wolf na talakawa, wanda farar fata ko kusan farin gashi yake. Suna zaune cikin fakitoci, suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. Wolves Wolves na iya bin ganima a hanzarta zuwa 60 km awa daya. Sau da yawa farauta don saƙa da saƙa.
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Abin nasa ne ga masu farautar, kodayake a farkon kallon shi kyakkyawa ne mai kyau da kirki. Tana da dogon jiki da gajerun kafafu, a cikin hunturu tana samun launin fari-dusar kankara. Ermine yana ciyarwa akan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi kuma yana iya cin ƙwai, kifi, har ma da ƙanana. An lissafta dabbar a cikin Littafin Ruwa, kamar yadda ya kasance koyaushe yana da mahimmanci ga masu farauta.
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Mafi girma a cikin 'yan'uwansa. A cikin hunturu, kursiyin furanni yana da fararen launi da ciyarwa a kan rassan bishiyoyi da haushi na bishiyoyi, a lokacin rani, yana son ciyawa da ganyayyaki. A cikin bazara ɗaya, mace zata iya kawo litter ɗin 2-3.
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An samar da rayuwa mai gamsarwa a cikin dutsen Arctic ta furcinsa, wanda ke sanye da kayan farin ciki, mai dawwama da zafi, ya kuma hana zafin rana. Godiya ga kitsen jikinsa na cm 11, zai iya adana kuzari mai yawa.
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Reindeer
Ana iya kiran wannan dabba mai wuya cikin aminci daga ɗayan manyan mazaunan tundra. Idan ba tare da shi ba, zai zama da wahala sosai ga jama'ar yankin. Reindeer ya kasance ga dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Daga bayyanar dabba, ya zama dole a rarrabe jikinta da wuyansa da gajerun kafafu wadanda basu dace da irin wannan surar ba. Wannan tsarin yana sa dabba ba mummuna, amma mafi yawan peculiar. Su manya ne da kanana. Na farko suna zaune ne a Yankin Arewa. Na biyu za'a iya gani a Taiga Siberiya.
Wani mahimmin fasali daga gare su sune ƙahoni, waɗanda mahaɗann biyu ne na bare da mace. Wannan dabbar da ke nomadic tayi ƙaura ko'ina cikin tundra dangane da yanayin yanayi da lokacin shekara.
Yawancinsu sun zama dabbobi kuma kayan sana'a ne mai mahimmanci ga jama'ar yankin. Deer yana da makiya a fuskar kerkecila, karnukan wolf, mayuka masu arctic da beyar. Deer ya rayu kimanin shekara 28.
Polar Wolf
Wannan farin kyakkyawa a cikin bayyanar sa bashi da banbanci da 'yan uwansa, sai dai banda launi mai launi da adon ruwan haske. Kari akan haka, kyarke na polar yana da wutsiya mai kama da kwari.
Tare da taimakon wannan launi, kyarkeci ya ɓoye kansa cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana iya kusanci da waɗanda abin ya shafa. Wannan kyarket ɗin yana da ban sha'awa sosai a cikin girma, tare da mata yawanci ƙasa da maza.
Olfungiyar tsutsotsi tana da hakora masu ƙarfi 42 waɗanda suke haifar da tsoro har zuwa mafarauci mafi tsoro. Tare da waɗannan hakora, dabba za ta iya zub da ƙashi mafi girma ba tare da wata matsala ba. Kamar yadda sauran dabbobi dabbobi, ƙungiyar wolf ta koyi rayuwa a cikin irin wannan mawuyacin yanayi.
Magana cewa an ciyar da ƙyar wolf ya dace a wannan yanayin. Da yake yana da kafafu masu ƙarfi, dabba zata iya rufe ɗumbin nisan wurin nema abinci ko bin abin da ta ci.
Wolves suna dauke da abinci. Haka kuma, za su iya yi ba tare da shi ba har tsawon kwanaki 14. Wannan dabbobin garken har yanzu tsawa ce ga duk mazaunan tundra. Ba zai yi tsawon rai ba, bai wuce shekaru 7 ba.
Froxik na polar
Farin furanni (foctic arctic) - rarraba a ko'ina cikin yankin Arctic. Abincin ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da voles da lemmings, har da tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu. Arctic dawakai 'yan dama ne wani lokacin kuma suna ciyar da gawawwakin gawawwakin dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci sukan biyo baya da beyar polar don ciyar da ragowar mazan. 'Ya'yan biyun mazan suma suna cin abinci na shuka, kamar su berries.
Kamar sauran dawakai masu yawa, dawakai Arctic suna gina ramuka. Ana iya kasancewa a kan tsaunuka ko kuma kogunan kogi, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da hanyoyin shiga da fita daban-daban. Za'a iya samun foxes a cikin Arctic ko Alpine tundra.
Arctic foxes ana dacewa da rayuwa don cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi. Suna da Jawo a ƙafafunsu, suna sa musu ɗumi, lokacin farin ciki mai kauri da kauri a jiki, gajerun kunnuwa, ƙaramin girman jiki, da babban wutsiya mai ɗaukar hankali wanda ke rufe kansu.
Foctic Arctic
Wannan kyakkyawar dabba tana ji a gida a cikin tundra. Arctic dawakai basu da sauki koyaushe don samun abincin kansu, wani lokacin suna daskarewa daga yanayin sanyi. Amma har yanzu suna jin daɗin sauƙi a cikin balaguron na tundra.
Dabba ita ce mafi ƙarancin wakilci a cikin gidan canine. Arctic dawakai sun kashe yawancin rayuwarsu a yanayin zafi-ƙasa. Amma suna da kyakkyawan iko don daidaitawa da irin wannan yanayin rayuwa. A cikin bayanan waje, fox yana da kamance da yawa da Fox.
Jawo dabbar yana da zafi sosai cewa dawakai Arctic basa tsoron ƙanƙanin sanyi na -50. Don ciyar da dabbobi, wani lokacin sukan rinjayi babban nisa dubban kilomita. Launin dabba ya bambanta da lokuta daban-daban na shekara. A cikin hunturu, dutsen Arctic fararen fata ne, tare da dawowar bazara, sannu a hankali ya samo inuwa mai launin toka.
A gida, dabbobi na iya shirya dama a cikin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara. Daga cikin dabbobi, dawakai arctic suna tsoron karnuka, karnukan kyankyasai, dawakai, da kyarkeci. Mutane da yawa daga cikinsu sun lalata da mutum kamar yadda fatar dawakai take da tamanin kasuwanci. Dabbobin suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 10.
Kisan kifi
Kisan kifi Whale babban dabbar teku ne kuma wakili mafi girma na dangin dolphin, an daidaita shi sosai don rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayin tundra mai wahala. Wannan dabba ce mai matukar basira da daidaitawa. Kisan kifi Whales yana zaune a cikin duk tekun duniya. An gansu daga arewacin tekun Arctic zuwa kudu na Kudancin tekun. Sun fi son ruwan sanyi. Idan abinci ya yi karanci, kisa kifi za su yi iyo zuwa wasu yankuna tare da isasshen abinci. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi: like, zaki, teku, ƙananan kifi, dabbar dolphins, kifi, sharks, squids, octopuse, kunkuru, tsuntsayen teku, otters teku, beavers and other dabbobi. Abincin mai-kalori mai yawa yana taimakawa wajen samar da dunƙule mai mai, wanda yake sauƙaƙa rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi daga gabar tundra.
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum na dattijo ne 8 mita, kuma mata - mita 7. Yawan nauyin maza yakai kimanin kilogram 7200, kuma mace tayi kadan.
Kisan kifi Whales dabbobi ne masu zaman jama'a, kungiyoyinsu sun kai mutum 50. Suna raba abinci tare da junan su kuma sun bar abin da basu ci ba 'yan awanni kaɗan.
Arctic kurege
Wannan polar zirin ana daukar mafi girma a cikin 'yan uwanta. Har yanzu akwai wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin hares. Tsawon kunnuwan arctic ya fi guntu fiye da na sauran duka, wannan na taimaka wa jikinsa ya sami karin zafi.
Goshinsu yana sanye da kaifin baki da mai kaifi, wanda suke tono dusar ƙanƙara. A karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, dabbar tana samun abinci, ko da tana da zurfi saboda kyakkyawan ƙanshinta warin. Babban abokan dabbobin sune ermines, Wolves, arctic dawakai, lynxes, white owls. Abubuwan fata na Arctic suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 5.
Tsuntsaye
Abinci
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A waje, ya yi kama da kaza da kurciya. A wannan shekarar, mace zata maye gurbin maye sau uku, kuma namiji hudu. Wannan yana bayar da gudummawa ga ingantaccen kamewa. Partridge ke sauka da talauci, tana ciyar da abinci akasari akan abinci. Kafin hunturu, tsuntsun yayi ƙoƙarin cin tsutsotsi da kwari don adon mai akan lokacin hunturu.
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A cikin daji, tsawon rayuwar owl pola ya kai shekaru 9, kuma a cikin zaman talala, wasu mutane suna karya bayanan kuma suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 28. An dauki lokaci mai tsawo ana ganin cewa adadin wadannan tsuntsayen ya yi yawa, amma kwanan nan ya nuna cewa adadinsu ya ragu da yadda aka zata. A halin yanzu, an saka farin owls cikin jerin dabbobi a ƙarƙashin kariya.
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Jankuna masu launin ja-ƙasa suna iya samun babban gudu yayin tashi, saboda yawan fuka-fukan fuka-fukan su. Kasancewa tsuntsu mai saurin tashi da hayaniya, suna kafa garkunan da ba su da giya, waɗanda ko dai sun ja layi ɗaya, ko kuma sun ɓace tare. A cikin daji, wadannan tsuntsaye ana iya gane su da sauƙin yanayin halayyar halayyar sa.
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Gull mai haske
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Wannan wakilcin gulls sananne ne saboda halayensa mai laushi mai launi na gashin fuka-fuka, wanda aka haɗe shi da shuɗin gashin fuka-fukan kai. Duk da girman girman su, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa daidai a cikin tundra. Tsawon rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 12. An jera shi a cikin Littafin Ruwa.
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Gyrfalcon
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Yana da suna na tsakiya - fararen falcon. A cikin girmanta, tana kama da falcon pertrine. Umwaya yana yawanci fari tare da launin toka. Yana da sananne ga iyawarsa don samun saurin sauri zuwa mita 100 a sakan na biyu, kuma yana da tsananin ƙarfin idanu. A halin yanzu, an jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Red, kamar yadda yake buƙatar taimako da kulawa.
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Wakilin ma'aunin adalci, tare da tsawon jikinsa har zuwa santimita 91 kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 6. Ya bambanta da sauran loons a cikin baki hauren giwa. Yawan wannan tsuntsun yana da ƙarancin mazauni a duk mazaunin wurin. An jera shi a cikin Littafin Rubuce na Russianungiyar Rasha, kuma ana kiyaye shi da yawa a cikin wuraren ajiyar Arctic.
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Kawa
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Yana wakiltar dan reel. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu tare da tsawon jikinsa har zuwa santimita 20. An bambanta ta da irin sifar yashi. Kamar yadda kawai wakilin dabi'ar halittar sandboxes na Kanada wani nau'in halitta ne mai wuya. Ya yada zuwa tundra ta Arewacin Amurka. Yana ciyar da hunturu a Argentina ko Uruguay.
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Zakin teku
Zakin teku shine dabbobi mai shayarwa wanda ke da ƙananan kunnuwa, daɗaɗɗun falle da faffadar gaba, ikon tafiya akan ƙafa huɗu, da gajeru, gashi mai yawa. Flippers na gaba - babban abin hawa a cikin ruwa. Yankunan su ya kama daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa ruwa mai zurfi na teku, a cikin arewaci da kudu na hemispheres, ban da arewacin yankin tekun Atlantika. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa shine shekaru 20-30. Zakin zaki mai nauyin kilogram 300 da tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 2.4, yayin da mace take nauyin kilo 100 kuma tana da tsawon jikinta tsawon mita 1.8. Zakin zaki yana cin abinci mai yawa, kusan kashi 5-8% na nauyin jikinsu a kowace abinci.Abincin ya ƙunshi: kifi (misali capelin, cod, herring, mackerel, pollock, basas, salmon, gerbil, da sauransu), bivalves, cephalopods (misali squid da octopus) da gastropods. Karkashin fata na dabba shine lokacin farin ciki mai kauri, kuma tare da farin ciki, yana kare dabba daga mummunan yanayin yanayin tundra.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da ikon zurfafa nutsarwa a karkashin ruwa (har zuwa mita 400), kuma godiya ga yawancin dabi'un da suka shafi jijiyoyin jini (bugun zuciya, musayar gas, narkewar abinci da kwararar jini), jikin jikin dabbar yana yin fama da matsanancin matsin lamba sakamakon nutsuwa.
Ana amfani da salon rayuwar ƙasa don hutawa, molting da kiwo. Zakin zakoki na iya tafiya ƙasa don tushe a rana.
Weasel
Wannan sunan bai yi daidai da wannan dabba ba. Weasel ƙarami ne amma mai ƙaddara, ya bambanta ta da rashin cancantar sa da rashin cancantarsa. Mayafin dabba yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja.
A cikin hunturu, rigar weasel tana sanye da farin dusar kankara mai dusar ƙanƙara mai dogon gashi. Ana iya ganin yatsun baki a kan gajerun dabbar dabbar dabbar, tare da taimakon abin da dabbar za ta bi ta cikin bishiyoyi ba tare da matsala ba kuma yana karya burbushin beraye. Don motsawa, weasel yana amfani da tsalle. An bincika ta a ƙasa, tana tashi zuwa ƙafa biyu.
Don ƙauna, yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai abinci mai yawa a kusa da ita. Ba za ta rayu a wurin da babu wanda za ta farauta. Tana da abinci mai kyau kuma cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan na iya hallakar da ɗimbin dakaru.
A cikin hunturu, dabba dabba a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma game da manyan dusar ƙanƙara, maiyuwa bazai bayyana a farfajiya na dogon lokaci ba. Weasels bai kamata ya hadu da karnuka, dawakai, baƙaƙen fata, martens da tsuntsayen ganima. Dabbobin na rayuwa kimanin shekaru 8.
Kammalawa
Dabbobin Tundra sune wakilan wakilan jinsinsu. Duk da cewa yanayin tundra yana da matukar mugunta, isasshen nau'in dabba suna rayuwa a ciki. Kowannensu ya daidaita da yadda ya dace don tsawan sanyi da sanyi. A wannan yanayin, nau'in halittar dabbobi yayi kadan, amma yana da yawa da yawa.
Polar bear
Wannan dabba ana ɗauka mafi girma a cikin 'yan uwanta. Jikinta yayi bacci mai kauri. A cikin kowane yanayi, dabba tana da launi iri ɗaya mai launin fari-launin ruwan kasa. Fata yana kunshe da ulu da sutura, wanda ke tsirar da bears daga tsananin sanyi, kuma hakan yasa ya sami damar dadewa cikin ruwan kankara.
Da farko dai yana iya zama kamar jingina ne mai girma da kuma naƙasa. Amma fahimta tana zuwa lokacin da ka ga yadda wannan babban gizan yayi iyo a hankali.
Cin nasara da nisa daga wurin neman abinci, bears ya farauta. Yana da ha ari sosai ga mutane. Kasancewa tare da kumburin polar yayi alkawarin babban matsala.
Irin wannan rashin jituwa a cikin dabba wataƙila ya fito daga tunaninsa. Bayan haka, mutane ne ke haifar da raguwar yawa a yawan beyar saboda harbe-harbe. A tsakanin sauran mazaunan tundra, bear ba shi da abokan gaba. Shekarun dabbobi a cikin yanayi ya kai shekaru 30. A cikin bauta, yana iya ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru 15.
Saniya musk
An san wannan dabba shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata. Da farko, an gan su a Asiya. Amma canjin yanayin canjin yanayi ya haifar da motsin dabbobi kusa da Arewa.
A dabi'a, suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa saboda asalin batun farautar mazauna karkara. Zuwa kowane sashin jikin garken sanyin, mutane sun samo kuma suna samun cancantar amfani.
Kamar sauran dabbobi da ke cikin tundra, suna da sutura mai kauri wanda ke taimaka musu tserewa daga tsananin sanyi. Distinwararren fasalin shine hooves, tare da taimakon wannene garken shanu masu saurin motsawa tare da bayanin dusar kankara da kankara.
Wannan herbivore bashi da sauki a jiƙa a cikin tundra. Sun dace da cin berries, namomin kaza, lichens. Dabbobin shanu na shanu ne; Mata da maza da yawa sun fi fifita a cikin tsarin hailarsu. Abokin musk saiti an ɗauke shi Wolverine, bear, wolf. Dabbobin suna rayuwa na kusan shekaru 14, amma su ma suna zaune a tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 25.
Wolverine
Akwai dabba mai tsinkaye a cikin gidan Marten, wanda tsawa ce mai yawan dabbobi da yawa daga cikin tundra. Wannan ba za a ce wannan dabba tana da girma girma ba. Girmansa bai wuce kilo 30 ba, kuma tsawon jikin tare da wutsiya yawanci ba shi da mita.
Idan ka hango shi daga nesa, dabba dabbar tayi kama da teddy bear ko badger with squat and cyumsy reshe. Maharbin na da hakora masu kaifin hakora wadanda ba sa iya kokarinsu kan abin da ya kama.
shi dabba daga cikin tundra na Rasha fi son ya zauna shi kaɗai a tsawon rayuwarsa. Maza suna saduwa da mata kawai a lokacin kiwo.
Wolverines suna da farashi mai mahimmanci, saboda haka sune batun farauta don yawan mazaunan yankin. Akwai lokuta idan mutane suka siyarda dabbobi suka mai da su dabbobi.
Amma mutane da yawa suna jayayya cewa koda bayan ƙarni da yawa, Wolverines ba ta da suna da dabbobi masu ƙauna. Tsawon rayuwarsu cikin daji ya kai shekaru 10. A cikin bauta, za su iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 7.
Lemon tsami
Wannan dabba tana cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Akwai almara da yawa game da waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin a tsakanin jama'ar yankin. Ana jita-jita cewa sun kashe adadi da yawa na kashe mutane.
Irin waɗannan tattaunawar sune ƙaura daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin don neman abinci. Wadannan hanyoyin suna farawa da yawa kuma yana musu wahala su dakatar dasu. Babban kogunan da ke kan hanyarsu, wanda dabbobi da yawa za su mutu, ba su zama cikas ga ƙwanƙwasa ba. Wadanda suka tsira suna ƙoƙari su cika mamaye cikin sauri.
Akwai mutanen da suke danganta asirinsu a lemani saboda yatsunsu a fakaice da launin launi da fari. Sun ce, da ake zargin lokacin cikar wata ne, sai su zama rago su sha jini daga kyarkeci.
Don mutane masu camfi, lemunan kururuwar sauti kamar gargadi ne na babban bala'i. Waɗannan dabbobi masu aiki sosai. Suna nuna ayyukansu dare da rana. Ganyayyaki suna ciyar da abinci tsirrai. Lemmings suna ciyar da dawakai da arctic da sauran dabbobi da tsuntsayen tundra. Basu dadewa ba - basu wuce 2 ba.
Karnukan kifi
Undasar 'yan asalin tundra sun kasance suna yin amfani da Siberian da Eskimo huskies kamar karnukan boge. Tushen waɗannan karnukan sun fito ne daga kyarketai. Karnuka kisa ne da marasa azanci. Amma suna da inganci ɗaya tabbatacce - koyaushe suna da aminci ga ubangijinsu.
Karnuka masu kyan gani suna da ikon yin kewayawa a sararin samaniya, har a cikin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Dangane da wasu alamomin alamominsu, da sauki kan hanyarsu zuwa gidan.
Juriya da gajiya a cikin jininsu. Ba sa tsoron sanyi da isasshen abinci. Har ila yau, har yau, amintattun mataimakan taimakon mutane ne.
Bafaranshe ɗan Amurka
Wannan nau'in na dabbobi ne daga dabbobin squirrel. Wannan dabba misali guda ce ta yadda dabbobin tundra suka daidaita rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. A lokacin bazara, suna jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun.
A cikin hunturu, don kada ku dame game da abinci kuma ba daskarewa, masu zane-zane kawai suna hibernate. Haka kuma, ana iya ɗaukar irin wannan tsiron ƙasa ba da sani ba kamar matacce saboda yanayin jikinsa yana raguwa kuma jininsa ba ya taɗuwa.
Tabbas, dabbobi suna yin hibernate sosai yayin ɓoyayye, amma suna raye. Mai haɗari ga masu tafiya suna haɗuwa da skuas, kuli-polar, kyarkeci da sauran dabbobin da ke cikin tundra. Rodents rayuwa ba fiye da shekaru 3.
Kama
Wannan halitta tare da kyakkyawar dabi'ar halittar jiki mallakar hatimin ne. Abincinta ya haɗa da kifi da crustaceans. An dauki lokaci mai tsawo a matsayin abu mai kamun kifi, saboda haka yana zama ƙasa da ƙasa a kowace shekara. A halin yanzu, hatimin shine Mazaunin Tundra, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi.
Wannan katuwar tsintsiya yana ɗayan manyan wakilan jinsinta. Wannan babban dabbar teku tana da fata mai kauri sosai da kuma ɗumbin tsintsaye, ƙyallen ƙwaya, waɗanda suke hidimarsu ta zama sanannu tsakanin sauran mazaunan gundumomin tundra. Suna da ƙananan idanu.
Amma game da gabar jiki, an yi su ne domin ya fi sauki a gare su su motsa a saman fiye da yin iyo ba. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ba sa yin rarrafe, kamar sauran brothersyan uwansu, amma suna tafiya a ƙasa.
Tare da taimakon fale-falen bera, an yanke shi cikin mafi sauƙin fita daga ruwa akan kankara. Kamar dai hatimin, an dauki walrus a matsayin mafi mahimmancin kamun kifi, saboda haka, irin wannan rabo ya same su. Wannan dabbar garken tana da haɓaka mai ƙanshi wanda yake da ƙanshi, yana jin kusancin mutum a gaba kuma yana iya juyawa jirgin.
Duk mazaunan garken suna da ji da ba a ba wasu mutane ba - walruses suna tsayawa koyaushe a bayan juna kuma, idan ɗayansu ya shiga matsala, sauran suna zuwa tseratu nan da nan. Ba mutum ne kawai yake tsoronsa ba. Abokan gaba a gare su shine polar bears da kisa kifi. Rayuwar Walrus kusan shekaru 45 kenan.
Kama
Maman hatimi sune walrus. Sun fi yawancin rayuwarsu kankara. A nan su huta, kiwo su kashe lokaci su yi tsalle. A cikin neman abinci, za su iya yin tafiyar daruruwan kilomita daga mazauninsu.
Mutane sun gano cewa hatimi na iya yin kuka, wannan kawai ya same su ne ba tare da hawaye ba. Har zuwa 'yan kwanannan, kwakwalwar hatimi hatimi an dauki babban abin cin abinci tsakanin jama'ar yankin. Yanzu an dauki dabbobi masu shayarwa a ƙarƙashin kariyar ɗan adam saboda taɓarɓarewa ga yawan jama'arta.
Hannun hatimai ba su da abokan gaba. Ban da kifayen khalifofi da dawakai arctic, wanda wani lokacin yakankai hari ga sabbin jariran waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Seals suna zaune na kusan shekaru 30. Maza yawanci basa rayuwa har zuwa wannan shekaru 5.
Kifi daga dangin salmon suna da daraja a matsayin samfuran kasuwanci masu mahimmanci, sabili da haka, kamar yadda yake sau da yawa a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, adadin farin kifi ya ragu kwanan nan.
A cikin naman kawai babban adadin abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan gano abubuwa. Abincin kifin ya hada da plankton, ƙananan kifi, tsutsotsi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Shekarun rayuwar wannan kifin mai mahimmanci kusan shekara 10 ne.
Kifi
Wannan salmon ta Atlantika, da kuma wasu mazaunan ruwa a cikin tundra, suna da tamani sosai. Naman nata yana da daɗi da lafiya. Kifi na iya girma zuwa masu girma dabam.
Tsawon jikinta wani lokaci yakan girma zuwa 1.5 m, kuma wani ma'aunin yayi nauyi akalla kilogram 45. Irin wannan girman girman da dandano na nama yana jan hankalin masunta masu kamun kifi.
Kifi yana ciyarwa a kan bawo, ɓoyayyun ƙananan kifaye. A lokacin da shekaru 5-6 ke ciki kifayen sun zama balaga. A yawancin lokuta, kifaye suna girma da gangan. Tana zaune kimanin shekara 15.
Abinci
Duk da tausayinta da kyan gani, wannan tsuntsun tana da ƙarfin halin ban mamaki. Tsawonsa bai wuce 40 cm ba, tsuntsu kuwa bai wuce kilo 1 ba. A kan gajeren wuyan tsuntsun, karamin kai tare da kananan idanu iri daya ne yake daidai da jikin.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa kafafun tsuntsun sun yi gajeru, suna sanye da takaddun kalamai masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke taimaka masa daidaitawa da riƙe da kyau kan bayanan dusar ƙanƙara, haka kuma tono cikin dusar ƙanƙara don ɗan hutu.
Tuwon tsuntsu ya bambanta da lokacin shekara. A cikin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara ce da fari. A duk tsawon shekara, tsuntsu ya mallaki inuwa mai launin shuɗi tare da kazanta fari da baƙi. Duk da cewa jigon tsuntsu ne, ya gwammace ya jagoranci rayuwar ƙasa, yana kashe ta zahiri don ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda yana yi mata wahala.
Halittu mai natsuwa yana zaune a cikin garken, yana ciyar da kwari, gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi, kwari, larvae kwari. A lokacin da irin wannan abincin bai isa ba saboda yanayin yanayi, 'ya'yan itace suna bayyana a cikin abincin ɗan abincin.
Babban maqiyan da aka zana shi ne mafarauta. Hakanan yakamata ya kasance cikin kula da dawakai da arctic, dawakai, skuas. Tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye a yanayi bai wuce shekaru 4 ba. A cikin zaman talala, duk da haka, akwai lokuta yayin da suka rayu don zama shekara 20.
Tundra swan
Abin mamakin tsuntsu shine mafi karami idan aka kwatanta da duk sauran takwarorinsu. Tundra swan rabin suma ne a gare su, amma fari ɗaya ne, mai laushi da walwala. Tsuntsayen suna yin ƙarami a yanayi saboda buɗe kamun kifi a kansu.
Yawan jama'a suna godiya da kyawawan abincin naman Siwan da ƙirin. Irin wannan kasuwancin tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya juya wa tsuntsu tausayi. Wataƙila nan gaba nan tsuntsu zai dauki wuri a cikin jerin tsuntsayen da ke cikin haɗari a cikin littafin nan mai kyau.
Loon
Waterfowl a bayyane yake tsakanin sauran takwarorinsu. Girman su daidai yake da girman matsakaicin Goose ko babban duck. Onsaƙƙarfan loons a cikin sararin sama ya bambanta da duk danginsu a cikin ƙananan fuka-fukai da ƙuƙwalwa, kamar wutsiya, sannu-sannu mai zurfin baya.
Gudun haɓakar su yana nunawa ta karkatar da kai tare da wuyan ƙasa, wanda shima halayyar waɗannan tsuntsaye ne kawai. Maza da mata ba su da bambance-bambance masu yawa. Tsuntsaye sun fi jin daɗin zama a ruwa fiye da ƙasa, saboda haka zaka iya ganinsu a bakin, amma da wuya.
Suna da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa kuma a lokaci guda raƙuman wuya. A loons basu da alama suna tafiya, amma suna rarrafe a ciki. Ruwa a cikin tsuntsaye har ma yana da lokacin bacci. A kan ƙasar sai kawai gida.
Wannan halitta mai rudewa tana iya yin kuka da kururuwa mai ƙarfi, wanda ba gaba ɗaya halayyar tsuntsaye bane. Loons suna da yawa daga cikin matan aure, suna rike amana ga ma'aurata a duk rayuwarsu, wanda a hanya, yakai kimanin yara 20.
Hayar polar
Beautifulwararren mahaifa kyakkyawa daga nau'in babban mujiya, tare da shugaban kai da fararen zaɓe. Wannan abin birgewa na taimakawa tsuntsun ya iya sanya shi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin mahimmancinsa, mujiya mai cin nama ita ce mafarauci mai aiki. Abincinta ya haɗa da mice da lemmings, hares, tsuntsaye, ƙananan bera. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da safarar ruwa da kifi.
Tsuntsu mai firam, farauta, wani lokacin yana iya kama tsuntsaye da gudu. Mujiya ta haɗiye ƙananan waɗanda aka musanya ba canzawa ba, tana jan abin da take ci kadan ga kanta kuma tana zubar da shi cikin ƙananan abubuwa tare da taimakon mayuka.
A lokacin kiwo, ana iya bambanta kuli-kuli ta hanyar tsananin ihu da kururuwa. Wani lokaci, idan tsuntsu yana da matukar farin ciki, yana iya yin wheezing trill. Ragowar lokacin wannan tsuntsun ya fi son yin shiru don ƙarin. Abubuwan farfaɗo da fos na arctic, foxes da skuas suna jin tsoro. Suna zaune kusan shekara 9.
Skuas
Skuas sune charadriiformes. Wasu sun danganta su da gulls. Tsuntsaye suna da babban baki a cikin fata. Fuskarsa tayi laushi, gindinsa kuwa zagaye yake. A saman, baki ya durƙusa. Fuka fikafikan suna da babban tsawon isasshe da kaifi iyakar.
Gashinan zagaye, ya kunshi fuka-fukai 12. Tsuntsaye kwararru ne masu iyo, ba za a iya faɗi irin ƙarfinsu na nutse ba, saboda haka sun fi son farautar kifayen kifaye kusa da bakin. Bugu da kari, suna son kananan maciji da mollusks. Wadannan tsuntsayen kusan ba su da abokan gaba a yanayi. Suna zaune kusan shekara 20.
Gyrfalcon
Wannan tsuntsu falcon ne kuma ana daukar shi ɗayan mafi girma a cikin wannan nau'in. Yawan nauyin mace zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 2. Maza yawanci suna sau biyu a wuta. G gyffalcons masu launin ruwan kasa-launin toka tare da farin ƙazanta. Ba sa son zama a cikin iska. Yi saurin sauri, da sauri fuka fuka-fuki.
Tsuntsu yana da babban kama ga peregrine falcons. Wani fasali na musamman shine wutsiya, gyrfalcon ya fi tsayi. A cikin bazara, ana jin shiru mai laushi na gwani na gyrfalcon tare da manyan bayanan kula. Tsuntsaye masu ciyarwa sune dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma ƙarami.
Hanyar kashe wanda aka azabtar da zalunci ne. Gyrfalcon ya karya kashin bayan mahaifa ko ciji wuya. Yawancin farautar gwanayen dabbobi da mutane ke darajata shi da yawa, da yawa daga mafarautan sun saci tsuntsu kuma sun mai da shi mataimaki mai mahimmanci yayin farauta. Featured suna zaune kimanin shekaru 20.
Peregrine Falcon
Wani wakilin falcons shine mazaunin tundra. Falcons suna cikin rukuni na tsuntsaye mafi sauri da sauri a duniya. Kadai tsuntsu wanda falcon yake iya samarwa a cikin jirgin sama mai sauri.
Tsuntsayen da aka fi so suma sun fi son farauta ga 'yan tattabarai,' yan ci-rani, ducks, dabbobi masu shayarwa.Yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙarancinsu. Rage adadinsu ya fara ne bayan Yaƙin Duniya na biyu.
Tsuntsaye masu ƙarfi, masu aiki, tare da babban faffada. Launin gashin gashin falcon yana mamaye launin toka mai ratsin duhu. Gashin fuka-fuki a bayyane suna bayyane a ƙarshen fikafikan fuka-fukan.
Wadannan magabatan suna ciyar da kananan tsuntsaye iri iri, kurege, jemagu, hares, squirrels, lemmings, da filayen filaye. Ana iya danganta ɓarna cikin aminci ga dangin ƙarnuka, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 100 ko fiye.
Fasalin yanayin Tundra
Yankin tundra ya dace da yankin sauyin yanayi na subarctic. Anan, matsakaita yanayin watan Janairu ya sauka zuwa -40º, kuma mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi har ƙasa. Amma wannan ba haka bane a ko'ina. Misali, a gabar tekun Scandinavia, inda ruwan dumi na Yaren mutanen Norway yake wucewa, yanayin watan Janairu da wuya ya sauka kasa -20º. Amma hunturu ko'ina cikin tundra yana daɗewa.
Lokacin bazara anan yana kama da damina. A cikin mafi kyawun watan, zafin jiki da wuya ya wuce + 10º. Ko da a cikin Yuli, ana iya lura da yanayin zafi da dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma irin wannan lokacin bazara yana ƙaruwa daga ƙarfi wata daya da rabi.
Babban fasalin yanayin tundra shine danshi mai yawa. Amma ba saboda akwai hazo mai yawa ba, amma saboda ƙarancin yanayin zafi kuma, a sakamakon haka, ƙirar ruwa mara ƙima. A sakamakon haka, akwai fadama da tabkuna da yawa. Hakanan akwai iska mai ƙarfi, musamman a gabar Tekun Arctic.
A cikin hunturu, bayan Arctic Circle, rana ba ta wuce sararin sama ba na tsawon kwanaki a jere. A lokacin rani, juyawar ranar polar yana farawa. Kuma zuwa kudu ta haskaka sosai har zuwa lokacin da safe zai maye gurbin asuba kuma babu duhu sosai. Wannan sabon abu ana kiransa "farin dare."
Fauna da flora na tundra
Ciyayi na tundra yana da matukar kyau. A cikin kudu na yankin warmer, har yanzu akwai sauran bishiyoyi dwarf: willow mai tsayi, dwarf Birch. Zai yi wuya a kuskure su saboda bishiyoyi, saboda kauri daga kututturensu bai kai girman fensir ba, kuma a tsayin daka sun tashi da 20-30 cm kawai.
Babban tsire-tsire na tundra sune mosses da lichens. Sun ƙaddara bayyanar yanayin tundra. Akwai isasshen danshi a garesu, kuma suna da fassarar zafi. Gaskiya ne, suna girma a hankali.
Mafi shahararrun tsire-tsire na tundra shine reinsser moss, ko dess moss, wanda a zahiri ba moss bane, amma lasisi ne. Wannan shine tushen abinci don reindeer, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya sami sanannen suna.
Akwai dazuzzuka masu yawa a cikin tundra waɗanda hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara ba tare da faɗar da ƙananan ganye mai ɗimbinsu ba. Wannan ya basu damar fara ciyawar kai tsaye bayan sun huce daga kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da farko dai shine cranberries, cranberries, blueberries da Cloudberries.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire na herbaceous za'a iya kiranta sedge, ciyawa auduga da poppy poppy. Ga ɗan gajeren Arctic bazara, sun sami nasarar wucewa cikin takaddun ciyayi.
Kayan lambu a nan sau da yawa yana fasalta nau'ikan creeping da matashin kai. Wannan yana ba ku damar amfani da zafin rana da kuma adana shi, kare kanku daga iska mai ƙarfi da ke karya mai tushe.
Duniyar dabbobi ta tundra ba ta da arziki a cikin jinsuna, amma tana da girma sosai a fannoni adadi. Waɗanne dabbobi suke rayuwa a cikin tundra kullum? 'Yan asalin tundra da ke zaune a tundra sun hada da reindeer, lemmings, foxes arctic, Wolves, da na tsuntsaye - mujiya mai girma da kuma abincin abincin. Dabbobin da ba kasafai suke ba da saniya.
Tsuntsaye Tundra
Fauna na tundra shima tsuntsayen suna wakiltarsa. Mafi shahararrun eider babban duck na teku. Ta shahara sosai saboda farin ruwa na musamman, wanda ke sanya gida ya rufe ƙwai. Wannan farin launin toka yana da matuƙar godiya, saboda haka ana tara shi. Daga gida ɗaya, daga abin da kajin sun riga sun ragu, zaku iya samun gram 15-20 na tsarkakakken ruwa.
Gaga baya tashi zuwa lokacin hunturu, amma yana iyo daga bakin tekun - zuwa inda bahar tayi sanyi yanzu.
Partarfin ma shine dindindin na tundra. Sunan yana nuna cewa a cikin hunturu tsintsayensa sun zama fari, wanda ke ba da izinin gawar da ba za a iya ganuwa da tushen dusar ƙanƙara ba. Tana ciyar da abinci na shuka, kajin kuma maganin kwari ne.
Mujiya mai tsinkaye tana cin abinci sosai a lemmings. Kuma a lokacin rani, tana haifar da haɗari ga tsuntsaye, saboda kajin suna da ƙari ga abincin ta.
Aljanin bazara mai ruwa a ruwa
A lokacin rani, sarari marasa iyaka na tundra suna zahiri cike da ruwa. Waɗannan su ne narke ruwa mai dusar ƙanƙara, da manyan tafkuna da fadama, da koguna. Saboda haka, duniyar dabbobin tundra tana cike da ruwa mai yawan ruwa. Suna samun algae da lardin kwari a ruwa, kuma basa ƙin kwari da kansu.
Geese, ducks, loons, tabar wiwi, swans - wannan ba cikakken jerin tsuntsayen ne ke ciyar da su ba. Kuma a cikin kaka sukan kwashe kawunansu a kudu, zuwa yankuna masu dausayi.
Tandunan dabbobi na Tundra
Dabbobin da shuka duniya na tundra ya kasance mai rauni ne, saboda don maidowa da shi cikin mawuyacin yanayi ba a ɗaukar shekaru da yawa ba, amma shekarun da suka gabata. Saboda haka, yana buƙatar kariya.
Littafin Layya na Rakiya ya tsara a matsayin burinsa game da kare flora da fauna. Dabbobin tundra da aka jera a ciki:
- Kawasaki rakumar
- Chukchi tumaki,
- polar bear,
- farin Goose
- farin loon,
- farin Goose
- kananan Goose
- fararen-gashe na geese,
- Goose Goose,
- Black Baƙin Tsibiri,
- karamin swan
- Amurkawan Swan
- ruwan hoda mai haske
- Siberian Crane, ko Farar Crane.
An kirkiro ajiyar abubuwa don kare dabbobin daji na tundra: Kandalaksha, Lapland, Taimyr da sauransu.
Beluga Whale
Beluga Whale - fararen wakilin wakilin babban dabbar Whale (Monodontidae). Wannan dabba tana dacewa sosai ga rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi saboda da yawa fasali na jiki da fasahar lissafi. Daga cikinsu - farin launi da kuma rashin fin fin dorsal. Beluga kifi Whale yana da sananniyar girma a gaban gaban kansa, wanda a ciki akwai babban sashin jiki da ke nakasa ciki. Maza suna girma zuwa mita 5.5 a tsayi kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 1600. Belugas suna da ƙwayar rai da jin haɓaka.
Waɗannan dabbobi ne na zamantakewa waɗanda ke haɓaka rukuni na kusan mutum 10 akan matsakaici, amma a lokacin rani zasu iya tarawa cikin rukunin ɗaruruwan ko ma dubun dubatar. Su masu saurin iyo ne, amma zan iya nutsewa a karkashin mita 700. Abincin ya dogara da matsayin su da lokacinsu. Belugas dabbobi ne masu ƙaura kuma yawancin ƙungiyoyi suna ciyar da hunturu kusa da filayen Arctic, lokacin da kankara ta narke a lokacin rani, sai su ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ke da ɗumi da kuma wuraren gaɓar teku. Wasu rukunoni suna kwance masu rauni kuma basa ƙaura mai nisa a cikin shekarar.
Elk da Reindeer
Elk da reindeer - wakilan gidan barewa (Cervidae). Namiji maza suna da sifofi masu alama, kuma ana iya samun sassan biyu a cikin mata da maza. Dukkan jinsunan suna yadu cikin yankuna daban-daban na yanayi, gami da tundra. Suna ciyar da ciyayi (haushi, ganye, ciyawa, fure, harbe, gansakuka, namomin kaza).
Saboda tsarin gashi da kauri mai kauri, da kuma lokacin farin ciki mai kauri na subcutaneous mai, waɗannan bareyin sun dace da zama a cikin yanayin sanyi na tundra. Suna iya motsawa kan dusar kankara kuma ta ɗaga kafafunsu a sama lokacin da suke tafiya. Lokacin motsawa, yi amfani da mataki ko trot (galloping yana da wuya sosai).
Tare da daskararren dusar ƙanƙan ƙanƙan sama da sama da 70 cm, suna wucewa cikin ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Arctic kurege
Karshen arctic ko kumburin pola, wani nau'in hares ne wanda aka daidaita don rayuwa a cikin wuraren tsirrai da tsaunukan. Tana da kunnuwa da yatsun hannu, karamin hanci, kitse mai da yakai 20% na jikin mutum, da kuma kauri mai kauri. Don kula da yanayin dumi da bacci, hares polar ya tona ramuka a ƙasa ko ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna kama da zomaye, amma suna da gajerun kunnuwa, tsayin daka, kuma, ba kamar zomaye ba, sun sami damar rayuwa cikin yanayin zafi ƙasa. Zasu iya tafiya tare da wasu nau'ikan hares; wani lokacin sukanyi rukuni-rukuni na 10 ko fiye, amma yawanci yakan faru ne kawai, ban da lokacin kiwo. Kudin Arctic zai iya isa zuwa saurin kilomita 60 a kowace awa.
Belyak shine ɗayan manyan wakilan zomo-kamar. A matsakaici, mutane sunyi nauyi daga kilogram 2.2 zuwa 5.5 (kodayake an samo manyan hares waɗanda suke yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 7), kuma suna da tsawon jiki daga 43-70 cm, baya kirga tsayin wutsiyar 4.5-10 cm.
Farin fata na Arctic suna ciyar da ciyayi, kashi 95% na abincinsu ya ƙunshi willow, sauran sun haɗa da gansakuka, leɓen lemo, lege, ɓa, algae. Wani lokacin sukan ci nama da kifi.
Polar bear
Babbar itace ko kuma itace ta itace ita ce mafi girma daga dabbobi masu shayarwa. Maza suna nauyin kilogram 370-700, tsayi a ƙ theƙasassun daga 240 zuwa 300 cm. Matan sun ƙasa da maza, tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 160-320. Da alama cewa 'yan belar suna da fararen gashi, duk da cewa gashinsu a bayyane yake kuma fatar jikinsu baƙi ne. Wool da fata suna dacewa da sha don hasken rana da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki. Kamar sauran dabbobi na Arctic da tundra, belar polar suna da gajerun kunnuwa, wanda ke rage asarar zafi.
Laran itacen bera galibi suna kusa da ruwa da kankara, inda abincin da suka fi so shi ne like. Udan zuma suna da ramuka waɗanda suke yin barci kuma inda mata suke haihuwar toasan. Wadannan magabatan ba sa shiga matsalar rashin walwala, tunda wannan lokacin farauta ne, amma, wasu mutane da mata masu juna biyu, musamman, suna cikin zurfin baccin hunturu, wanda yawan zuciya ke raguwa sosai.
Wolf Tsibirin Melville da Tundra Wolf
Tsibirin Melville da kyarukan tundra sune keɓaɓɓe na wolf wolf da ke zaune a cikin tundra. Mayafin t Wolra Wolves yana da duhu fiye da polar. A cikin dukkanin kuɗin biyu, gashin gashi yana da tsawo, lokacin farin ciki da taushi. Ana samun tallafin da ke cikin tundra a ɓangaren duniya, yayin da karnukan Arctic suna zaune a kan kankara, saboda sun fi iya kame kansu daga abubuwan da za su iya faruwa, godiya ga farin dusar kankara. Wadannan karnukan karnuka suna farauta a cikin manyan fakitoci 5-10. Arctic Wolves Wolves on the musk ox, caribou da arctic hares. Kari akan haka, suna cin lemonings, tsuntsaye, da kuma golf. Wolves Wolves suna da ɗan girma fiye da karnuka tundra kuma suna da ƙananan kunnuwa, wanda ke ba su damar riƙe zafi.
Tsarin paws, shine kasancewar kananan membranes tsakanin yatsunsu, yana basu damar saurin motsawa cikin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna da kama da yatsa, don haka nauyin jikin yana cikin ma'auni. Ullwanƙwasa maras nauyi yana taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaituwa a kan madogara mai narkewa, kuma tsarin kewaya yana kare ƙarshen ƙayyadaddun daga hypothermia. Jawo waɗannan karnukan Wolves suna da karancin yanayin zafi, wanda ke taimakawa rayuwa cikin matsanancin yanayin zafi na tundra.
Ermine
Ermin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, mai wakiltar dangin Marten. Tsawon jiki, yin la'akari da kai shine cm 16-31, kuma nauyi shine gram 90-445. Ana bayyana dimorphism na maza, maza sun fi maza girma. Suna da tsayi, bakin ciki, jiki mai silima, gajerun kafafu da dogon wutsiya. A cikin mutane da ke zaune a cikin tundra, fur ɗin ya yi kauri da kauri fiye da dangi daga wasu bangarorin yanayi.
Suna da kyakkyawan gani, ƙanshi da ji, waɗanda ake amfani da su wurin farauta. Ermines adroit ne kuma suna hawa dutsen sosai. Hakanan suna da kyau sosai masu iyo, masu iya ketare koguna. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara suna motsawa ta amfani da tsalle-tsalle a kan kafafunsu na ƙafa har zuwa 50 cm a tsayi.
Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu cin nama, abincinsu ya ƙunshi: zomaye, ƙananan beraye (alal misali, mice filin), hares, tsuntsaye, kwari, kifaye, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi da sauran abubuwa. Lokacin da abinci ke ƙarancin abinci, sukan ci dabbobi (gawawwakin dabbobi).
Farar fata ko ta mujiya
Mujiya mai tsayi ita ce kyakkyawar fatar tsuntsu. Farin farar fata yana taimaka musu su ɓoye a cikin mazaunin sanyi. Maza ne kawai ke da fari fari, tare da baƙin duhu akan mata da ɗiyansu a jiki da fuka-fuki. Launin gashin gashin maza ya zama fata tare da tsufa. Mata basa da fari fari, amma mazajen da suka manyanta yawanci 100% fari ne. Fuka-fukan jikinsu dogaye ne kuma lokacin farin ciki (har ma an lullube fuka-fukai), kuma sun dace da canjin yanayin sanyi.
Abubuwan owls fari suna daya daga cikin manyan owls masu girma tare da tsayin jiki kusan 71 cm kuma nauyin kilo 3. Suna jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun, sabanin yawancin nau'in owls, wanda ke nufin cewa yawancin ayyukan su yana faduwa da rana.
Jikokin polar suna da abin cinyewa, suna da kyakkyawan gani da ji wanda yake basu damar samun ganima da ke ɓoye a cikin babban ɓoye ko a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Abinda suka fi so shine abincin lemuna, waɗanda suke ci da yawa. Tsohuwar mujiya tana cin abinci fiye da 1,500 a shekara ɗaya, kuma ta cika wannan abincin tare da kifi, bebi, zomaye da tsuntsaye.
Farar fata mujiya ta fi son kasancewa a mazauninta na sanyi har tsawon shekara guda, amma kamar yadda ka sani, tana iya yin ƙaura.
Grasshopper
Ciyawar ciyawa kwari ce da zata iya tsalle, tafiya da tashi. An rarraba ciyawar fure kusan a cikin duniya, daga tsaunukan teku da hamada zuwa tundra da makiyaya mai tsayi. Ba sa rayuwa cikin ramuka, amma sun gwammace su zauna a tsirrai. A cikin tundra, suna ciyar da ciyayi iri-iri wanda zasu iya samu. Har ila yau, Grasshoppers suna cin ƙananan kwari waɗanda suke rayuwa a wannan mummunan yanki na duniyar.
Sauro
Akwai nau'ikan sauro sama da 3,000 da ake samu a duk faɗin duniya sai dai Antarctica. A yankin tundra, zaka iya nemo nau'ikan mutum goma sha biyu na waɗannan masu aikin jini, waɗanda suke aiki sosai a lokacin rani.
A cikin yanayin canjin sanyi, sun kasance suna aiki na makonni da yawa yayin shekara lokacin, godiya ga ci gaban thermokarst, wuraren waha na ruwa. A wannan lokacin, sun haifar da babban adadin kuma suna ciyar da jinin reindeer. Sauro na iya jure yanayin daskarewa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Wutsiyar Tundra
Shekaru ɗari da yawa, karnukan wolfra sun tabbatar da jimrewa mai ban mamaki tare da rayukansu. Mako guda za su iya yi ba tare da abinci ba, shawo kan har zuwa kilomita 20 a rana. Zasu iya cin ganima har zuwa kilogiram 10-15 a lokaci guda, tare da fata, ulu da ƙashi.
Masu farauta na duniya suna neman ganima a babban garken, inda ake rarraba duk matsayin wuraren raɗa da maharan. Kyakkyawan ƙanshi, hangen nesa da ji suna ba su damar farautar ducks, geese, ɓarnar kukan tsuntsaye, kama dawakai da hares.
Amma wannan ƙananan abin farauta ne. Wolves za su yi biki idan sun kayar da saurayi ko wanda aka raunana. Tsanantawa ta halitta, ƙarfi da wayo suna da ban sha'awa: garken yana wucewa ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara ta cikin hanyar, kamar dai dabba ce kawai ta bar abubuwanta.
Hoton tundra wolf
Hare
Babban wakili na zomo-kamar - tsayin jikin mutum ya kai kimanin santimita sittin, wanda aka samo a tundra na Yammacin Siberiya. An rarrabe su daga aski ta hanyar gajerun kunnuwa da manyan paws, da kuma canjin canji mai launi wanda ya danganta da lokacin shekara.
A fata fata ne kadai dabbobi wadanda yawanci mamaye wani yanki da kare shi. Amma garken lokutan ƙaura na lokaci ma suna da asali a cikin su.
Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine herbivorous, har da namomin kaza da berries. Sakamakon karancin ma'adanai a jiki, akwai wurare da yawa wanda zomaye yake marmarin fyaɗe a kan kasusuwa ko kuma ƙahonin manyan bishiyoyi.
Punochka
Dusar kankara ko dusar ƙanƙan dusar ƙanƙara shine ƙaramin tsuntsu na tundra, ba tsayi sama da santimita sha shida ba. Launi na mata da maza ya sha bamban, na ƙarshen yana da ƙarin musanyawa, wanda ke canzawa da farkon hunturu. Harshen baki, maimakon baƙi, ya juya launin rawaya.
Abincin waɗannan tsuntsayen kuma ya dogara da lokacin shekara: a lokacin rani suna kwari iri iri, a cikin hunturu - hatsi da tsaba.
Kamar mujiya, nestlings a ƙasa, a matsakaita akwai kajin biyar a cikin tsintsiya ɗaya.
Tabbas, fauna na Tundra mara iyaka ba'a iyakance ga wakilan da ke sama ba. Hakanan, dabbobi daga lokacin hutu na Arctic a cikin Tundra, kuma dabbobi daga yankunan kudu suna yawo a lokacin rani.
Kuma wasu nau'in ma masana kimiyya ba su ma gano su ba ..
Blue (fari) fox Arctic
Kyakkyawan fur da furfura masu yawa, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, ya ceci dabbobi daga dusar ƙanƙara. Idanu suna fitar da launi na musamman don kariya daga makantar haske a sarari mai dusar ƙanƙara.
Arctic dawakai suna yawo kullun neman abinci. Ana jan su zuwa wuraren haihuwar su ne kawai a lokacin balaga. Bayar da rami a cikin tundra aiki ne mai wahala canjin yanayin zafi. Saboda haka, da yawa daga tsaran diyan magariba suna amfani da sassan da aka tono a tsaunuka tare da ƙasa mai laushi.Suna ciyar da duk abin da tundra ke bayarwa: kifi, kayan ɓoye, ragowar naman karnuka da bears.
Faksunan arctic suna riƙe da ƙungiyoyi da taimakon juna. Kula da yaran idan iyayen sun mutu. Abokan gabansu na yau da kullun sune mujiya, lemo na zinariya, Wolverines da bear.
Blue (fari) fox Arctic
Farar Fata
Tsuntsu nasa ne na mazaunin tundra. Tana da kyau sosai: farin fari mai laushi da laushi ga taɓawa. Bayyanar da rawaya idanu mai kaifin hangen nesa a koyaushe suna neman ganima. Tsuntsu baya son bishiyoyi, yana zaune a kan manyan duwatsu, yaduwa, hummocks don nazarin filayen dusar ƙanƙara.
Cancantar farin mujiya a cikin cin abincin kawai. Ragowar sai ga 'yan farauta marasa galihu. Idan babu abinci, zai iya fama da matsananciyar yunwa. Gyasar nono ya dogara da abinci. Samun yawa yana shafar zuriyar zuriya. M abinci ba bar tsuntsaye ba tare da zuriya.
Loons
Tsoffin tsuntsayen da suka rayu har wa yau. Wuraren alkawarinsu ba su taɓa raguwa ba, kuma tsuntsaye ba za su iya daidaita da canje-canje ba. Suna tuna yankunansu shekaru.
Rayuwarsu tana da alaƙa da jikin ruwa, ta hanyar ƙasa suna motsawa da wahala. Gashin baki mai nuna, jiki mai ruɗami da gajerun fuka-fukan suna bambanta loon daga ducks. Manyan iri don kifaye kuma idan akwai haɗari.
Birni Loon
Baby Oatmeal
Hijira. Yana daidaitawa a cikin dunƙule na tundra shrub, dwarf Birch, mamaye filayen ƙasa. Amincewa da jan aikin da jan baki tare da rawanin kai. Oatmeal waƙa yana da girma da taushi. Shafin yanar gizon kansa na canzawa duk shekara. Suna tashi zuwa China lokacin hunturu.
A cikin hoto, oatmeal tsuntsu
Sterkh (farin crane)
Babban tsuntsu tare da doguwar jan baki da manyan kafafu. Za'a iya ganin filayen crane a cikin wurare masu rauni a ƙasa. Adana tsuntsaye aiki ne mai wahala sabili da yadda suka dace da wasu halaye: yanayin ruwa tare da ƙasa mai rufe ido. Muryar farin crane dogo ce mai tsayi.
Peregrine Falcon
Babban falcon yana ƙaunar wuraren budewa, don haka a cikin wuraren bude tundra suna da wurare masu yawa don farauta, har zuwa kilomita 10 zuwa maƙwabcin. Peregrine falcons bata farautar yankunansu ba, saboda haka, sauran tsuntsayen suka zauna kusa da su, suna samun kariya daga tsuntsayen ganima, wanda peregrine falcons ke fitarwa. Nau'in ma'aurata na lalata abubuwa tsawon rayuwar su.
Tsuntsayen suna da salon farautarsu. Suna narkar da abin da ke cikin ganima kuma suna kama su. Gama da baki kawai idan ya cancanta. Suna cin ganima a kan dutse, lebe, kututture, amma ba a ƙasa ba.
Peregrine falcon
Flatfish
Tana zaune a tuddai na tundra, inda tafkuna da yawa da yawa ke tarawa. Suna ciyar da kwari, mollusks, larvae, da ƙananan dabbobi. Kamar yara wasan kwaikwayo na agogo, girman Sparrow, ana rarrabe ta da paws. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye ba, ba su da kunya kuma ana ba su izinin kusanci sosai.
Kulawar zuriya ta hanyar shiryawa ya dogara da namiji. Bayan kwanciya qwai, mace tayi kwari. Namiji, da ya cika aikin iyayen sa, ya bar tundra tare da wasu 'yan uwan maza. Girma matasa tashi tsaye akan barikin hunturu da kansu.
Flatfish
Kamenushka
Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen waɗanda ke iya yin hunturu a cikin tundra na hamada marasa rai. Ana kiyaye ducks mai haske a gefen teku, ruwa mai zurfi, a cikin tsutsotsi. A lokacin bazara, suna motsawa zuwa farauta a kan kogunan tsauni na tundra na dutse.
Birdsananan tsuntsaye
Tundra Kakakin Lark
Daga cikin na farkon tashi zuwa tundra. Godiya ga zane na asali da ƙaho biyu na baki, lark yana da sauƙi a gane tsakanin tsuntsaye. Girman babban sprurow scruffy. Suna son yin iyo. Miƙe cikin nau'i-nau'i ko ƙaramin garke. Gidaje a cikin tundra a kan tuddai. Waƙar tana da ban dariya da dariya.
Tundra Kakakin Lark
Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin tundra, da yawa, amma daga cikinsu babu mai babu dabbobi masu rarrafe. Amma kwari mai yawa na jini. Sauro ne kawai ke da iri 12.
Baya ga su, dabbobi suna wahala daga gadflies, Midges, kwari baki. Rayuwar dukkan kwayoyin halitta sun dogara da juna, tare da kiyaye ma'auni na ban mamaki a cikin yankin tundra na halitta.