Mink ƙaramin ɗan farauta ne daga dangin marten, wanda ke sa su da alaƙa da martens, otters, badgers da ferrets. Minks suna son su zauna tare da bankunan koguna da manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, tunda tushen abincinsu shine kifi, kwalara da crayfish. Koyaya, dabba ba ta raina kananan dabbobi da tsuntsayen ba.
A matsayin wurin zama, dabbar tana amfani da kogon da aka haƙa da hannun ta, ko baƙi. Misali, tsintsin tsintsiyar kwaya daya, ko bera na ruwa, ko ma wani rami mara zurfin bishiyar da ke girma kusa da kandami ya dace da wannan rawar.
A yau akwai jinsuna biyu waɗanda sunan mink ke amfani da su - mink na Amurka da mink na Turai. Waɗannan suna da kusanci, amma har yanzu akwai nau'in dabbobi daban. Suna da kama sosai a bayyanar, suna yin rayuwa iri ɗaya, amma a cikin daji ba su haɗa kai ba, sabili da haka, masu halayyar muhalli na juna.
Turai mink
Man wasa daga ƙasashen Turai suna da jiki mai ruɓi mai ƙarfi da gajerun ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayinsa shine 35-40 cm kuma yayi nauyi kadan da 1 kg. Yin la'akari da wutsiya, tsayinsa ya kai cm 60. A ƙafafu akwai membranes interdigital, wanda ke sauƙaƙe farauta a cikin yanayin ruwa. An rufe fatar fata mai tsananin yawa tare da farin dutsen, wanda kusan ba ya yin rigar. Godiya ga wannan, dabbobi za su iya jure yanayin zafi, gami da ruwan sanyi. Mayafin yana da launin ruwan kasa sosai launin ruwan kasa. Wani fasalin halayyar ma fuskar fararen fata ne, godiya ga wanda mink a cikin hoto koyaushe yana da ban dariya sosai.
Har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na ƙarshe, mink na Turai ya bazu ko'ina cikin Turai, ban da arewa maso yamma da matsanancin kudu. Ko ta yaya, har zuwa yau, mazaunanta ya kusanto zuwa yankunan Vologda da Arkhangelsk na Rasha, kazalika da ƙananan keɓantattun ƙauyuka a cikin Spain, Romania da Baltic.
Abubuwan da suka ɓoye dabba daga mafi yawan adadin tarihinta har yanzu ba a bayyane ba ne, tunda ba wata ka'ida ɗaya ba akan wannan asusu da ta sami tabbataccen abin da ya dace. An yi imanin cewa birni da yaduwar asirin Amurka a Turai ne kawai ya haifar da rushewar “Turai”, amma ba ainihin dalilan wannan tsari ba.
Baƙin Amurka
Ba’amurke mink tana da kama da dan uwanta na Turai, amma asalinsu tana kusa da sables da martens. An yi imani da cewa "Ba'amurke" da "Bahaushe" sun fito ne a matsayin jinsin juna daban-daban (wato ba su fito daga magabata ɗaya ba), kuma asalinsa shine sakamakon juyin halitta a cikin yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya.
Tsawon jikin "Ba'amurke" ya kai 60 cm, kuma yin la’akari da wutsiya - 90 cm. nauyin mutum ya bambanta da kilogiram 2-3. Lambar ruwa ta zamani ba ta da ci gaba, amma murfin Jawo ya fi ta “matan Turai” kwalliya cikin baƙi da launin toka. Baya ga girma, bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin mink na Amurka da mink na Turai shine launi na fuska: “Ba'amurke” yana da lebe da ƙananan lebe da fari, yayin da “Turai” ke da fuska gaba ɗaya.
Matsakaicin tarihin wannan nau'in shine Arewacin Amurka. Minks suna zaune ¾ na nahiyar: ba su ba ne kawai a cikin arewa-gabas na Kanada, kudu maso yammacin Amurka, a Mexico da kuma kasashen Isthmus na Panama. Lokacin da aka fara samun bunkasar masana'antun furcin masana'antu a cikin karni na 20, sai aka kawo makwannin Amurka zuwa Turai da USSR don kiwo domin samun kwalliya mai mahimmanci. Mutanen da aka sake su a lokaci guda sun haɓaka da sauri kuma sun mamaye wata ƙasa wadda ke da ruɓi wanda ta sami 'yanci yayin ƙarewar Turai. A yau, ana samun "Baƙin Amurka" ko'ina a arewacin Turai da arewacin Asiya, da kuma Japan.
Rayuwa da dabi'un “Baƙin Ba'amurke” sun yi kama da na keɓaɓɓun turai, amma saboda ƙaruwarsu da yawa, za su iya kama ganima da ƙanana, misali, muskrat har ma da kaji.
Gida mink
Har zuwa rabi na biyu na karni na 19, ba a yi yunƙurin yunƙurin cin nasara ba. Sai kawai lokacin da aka fara neman kumbura don gamsar da yawan bukatar da ake samu na dusar ƙanƙara, minks tare da sauran dabbobin Jawo sun zama abin kiwon dabbobi. Haɗin kai na ainihi ya fara ne a ƙarni na 20 a cikin USSR, wanda ke haɗe da ƙirƙirar manyan gonaki na dabbobi, inda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, farashi na Amurka.
An fi son fifikon ɗan mink ɗin Amurka a cikin ciyawar fur, saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan dabba tana ba da mafi kyawun dusasshen fur. A yau, tare da Rasha, mink kiwo shine mafi yawan aiki a Scandinavia da Kanada. Kuma duk da cewa ana samun sayar dabbobin cikin wasu ƙasashen Turai, akwai karancin samar da Ja a can. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa furfura mafi kyau da tsada suna ba da dabbobi waɗanda aka girma a cikin yanayin yanayin sanyi. A cikin duniya, ana nuna godiya sosai ga Rasha, Kanada da Scandinavia.
A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 20, anyi amfani da minks azaman dabbobi. Maimakon kuliyoyi da karnuka masu gundura, minks sun fara bayyana a cikin gidaje da gidaje masu zaman kansu. Tare da duk irin daɗin daɗin wannan dabbar, bai tafi irin wannan zaɓi ba da kuma daidaitawa ga yanayin zama tare da mutane, kamar kuliyoyi da karnuka iri ɗaya. Ganin wannan, za'a iya haɓaka minks mafi muni, kawo matsala da yawa a kiyaye gida, da mummunar cuɗanya da sauran dabbobin gida.
Minks suna yin biyayya ga maigidan guda ɗaya kawai, suna yin watsi da ko ma maƙiya wa sauran membobin dangi, ba tare da ambaton mutanen da suka zo ziyarar ba. Hatta ferrets, waɗanda kuma ba su da nisa daga jihar daji, sun fi dabbobi masu biyayya da aminci.
Koyaya, wannan baya nuna cewa minks gaba ɗaya basu dace da gyaran gida ba. Idan kunyi ɗan kwikwiyo a farkon shekarun da kuka yi kuma kuka yi duk ƙoƙarin ilmantar da shi tun daga farkonsa, zai iya zama mai kyakkyawan yanayi, da farin ciki da biyayya ga gida.
Mink: kula da dabbobi da kulawa
A matsayin dabbobi, zaku iya kiyaye mink na Turai da Amurka. Koyaya, saboda gaskiyar cewa "Turai" jinsin rarer ne kuma har ma an jera shi a cikin littafin Red, musannan Americanan Amurka sun fi yawa.
Gabaɗaya, kulawa da kula da mink a cikin ɗakin ba da bambanci sosai daga abun da ke ciki na ferret. Iyakar abin da kawai bambanci shine cewa minks suna da matukar ƙaunar-'yanci kuma suna fahimtar abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta mummunar cutar. Wannan dabba tana da sauƙin isarwa ga tire, kuma a abinci ba ta daɗe ko kaɗan. Yawancin lokaci, ana ciyar da mink tare da cakuda shinkafa ko bulo na buckwheat da nama a cikin minced. Duk wani nama zai dace: kaji, kifi, naman sa, naman alade. An kuma yarda da amfani da abincin cat da aka yi dashi
Tunda minks suna da daidaitaccen aiki na haɓaka, suna da motsi da aiki. Yanar gizon yana cike da bidiyo, inda mink frolics da mai cuta. Wannan dabba ce mai ban dariya da ban dariya, don haka don rage lalacewar ɗakin da ake buƙatar shirya karamin "filin wasa" don dabbar a cikin gidan. Hakanan yana da kyau a kai a kai shan dabba don yawo.
A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar kasancewa cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa, yayin da ba ku gida, dabbar za ta iya sanya abubuwanku a can da kuma yadda ya dace da shi. Sharp claws da jiki mai sauƙin barin mink ɗin su hau zuwa ko ina, gami da wuraren daga inda ita kanta ba zata iya fita ba. Don haka don lokacin kasancewarsa, ya fi kyau rufe dabba a cikin wani keji mai fili ko aviary.
Minks suna da sha'awar ruwa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar samar wa dabbar da aƙalla kwatancen tafki - kwari ko ƙaramar wanka. Don wannan jin daɗin, mink zai yi godiya a gare ku.
Kamar ferrets, minks suna da wari dabam. Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da shi gabaɗaya, amma tsabtace shi a kai a kai a cikin "gida", ana iya rage muhimmanci. Don kula da lafiyar ƙwayar mink na gida, ya kamata a alurar riga kafi lokaci-lokaci (musamman idan mink sau da yawa yana tafiya akan titi) kuma ya lalata shi.
Dokoki 10 don abubuwan ciki na mink
Wadanda suke son suyi kwalliyar gida da kwalliya daga kwararrun mutane tabbas zasu zo a cikin sauki:
- Abin sani kawai dole ne a ɗauki mink kamar yadda yar tsana (kamar wata ɗaya) kuma mafi kyau fiye da namiji, kamar yadda mata suka fi ƙarfin magana. Daukar dabba, kuna buƙatar tsoma hannu cikin tarbiyyarsa koyaushe. Idan akasarin ranar da kuke aiki, to an bar dabbar ta ga kayan aikin ta kuma dabbobin ba za su yi aiki daga ciki ba.
- Thearfin abinci ya shafi ƙanshi na dabba. Zaɓi abinci don mink wanda ƙanshin yake ƙarancin ƙima.
- Yayin tafiyar, inna mink zata fita estrus, don haka ba a buƙatar mace ta bakara. Maza a cikin rukunin suna nuna alamar ƙasa sosai kuma galibi suna yin ɓarna - sun tsaga bangon bango, kayan tsintsiya, da kayan kwalliya. Matakan ilimi ba su da amfani a nan, haifuwa kawai.
- Minks ba sa son abubuwan da ke cikin sel. Amma tunda mutum ba zai iya yin ba tare da shi kwata-kwata, ya fi kyau a fi ba da fifiko ga mafi girman gidan da dabba ba za ta cika cunkoso ba.
- Minks suna matukar son tafiya akan leash idan sun saba dasu tun suna yara.
- Mink ɗin yayi kyau sosai tare da sauran dabbobin gida, gami da sauran ƙananan dabbobin. A lokaci guda, dabbar tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sabili da haka tana iya murƙushe cat ko karamin kare.
- Hakanan, bai kamata a ɗauki mink zuwa gidan da akwai ƙananan yara ba. Yadda jarirai ke kula da dabbobi an san shi sosai. Amma ba kamar kare ko cat ba, mink ba zai iya jure zalunci ba, amma nan da nan zai fara cizo. Kuma tana cizo sosai.
- Don shigar da mink zuwa tire ba shi da wahala fiye da cat. Amma, rashin alheri, mutane da yawa suna rayayye alamar yankin tare da fitsari da feces. Idan baku shirya tsaftace ɗakin yau da kullun ba daga maɓallin "ma'adanan ƙasa", zai fi kyau kar ku fara bera.
- Mink dabba ce mai girman kai da 'yanci. Wannan ba cat ba ne, wanda za'a iya ɗaukar shi a kowane lokaci kuma a matse har sai kun gaji. Mink yana shiga cikin ikonsa ne kawai na ikon mallaka.
- Yiwuwar cewa, kiyaye duk ƙa'idodi don haɓakawa da hana ƙyallen ƙiftawa, dabba marar kyau da marar tausayi zai ci gaba da girma daga gare ta, ya yi yawa. Minks bai wuce zaɓar Millenni ba wanda mutane da gangan suka jagoranci masu biyayya da karnuka masu aminci da karnuka. Saboda haka, kasance cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa dabbar da aka ɗauka a ɗakin kare bazai zama abokinka ba.
Mink kamar dabba mai furry
Mink shine ɗayan dabbobi masu yawan fur da aka ƙulla a cikin bauta. Tana "bayar da" ragon zaki a cikin Jawo da aka yi amfani da shi wajen sutturar tufafi da sauran kayayyakin Jawo. Kowa ya ji furcin "mink gashi" da "Pyatigorsk mink". Wannan shi ne kawai game da waɗannan dabbobi.
A yau, bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, minks suna ba da kusan kashi 70-80% na yawan furcin duniya. Irin wannan babbar kasuwa tana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu dusar ƙanƙara, mink suna da mafi kyawun bauta. Theirƙirar gonar mink fur yana da banbanci sosai ban da ƙungiyar sauran masana'antar kiwo dabbobi. A nan, babban aikin ɗan kasuwa ɗaya ne - don ƙirƙirar yanayi na yau da kullun ga dabbobi a cikin keɓaɓɓun dabbobi, don samar da abinci mai gina jiki, tabbatar da sadarwa tsakanin mahaifa da uba da uwaye don haɓaka yara, don kafa tsarin yanka dabbobi da tallan kayayyakin da aka gama. Babu matsaloli tare da na ƙarshen, saboda buƙatun furs yana da girma sosai.
Babban fasalin da bambancin bera daga wasu dabbobin aikin gona shine bawai herbivores bane, amma mafarauta ne. Don haka kuna buƙatar ciyar da su ba tare da hatsi da ciyawa ba, amma tare da nama. Hakanan, dan kasuwa wanda yake so ya bude gona mai ciyawa ya kamata ya tuna cewa kayan samfurin ɓoye (furs) suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da yankin canjin yanayin da dabbobin suka girma. Mafi nisan arewa, dabbobi masu yawan danshi da daddawa. Dangane da haka, gonar mink da ke cikin yankin Arkhangelsk ko Murmansk koyaushe zai sami riba fiye da gona daga Rostov ko Astrakhan.
Daban-daban na Jawo minks
A cikin gonakin fur na Russia da sauran ƙasashe na Jawo, ana keɓantar da mashigar Amurka ta musamman, saboda tana ba da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun mafi kyawun fata. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan dabba:
- Azum-mai launin shuɗi. Mafi na kowa irin na fursuna mink. Yawan jama'arta kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 ne na dabbobin duniya (ban da namomin daji).
- Dark mai launin mink. A wuri na biyu dangane da lambobi. Tana da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na dabbobin duniya. Duk sauran kungiyoyi masu launi na minks an samo su ne ta hanyar maye gurbi da giciye na wannan rukunin.
- Black mink ko jet. Mafi yawan maye gurbi da aka samo a cikin Kanada a cikin 60s na ƙarni na karshe.
- Sapphire Mink. Hybrid na Aleutian da azurfa-blue mink. Yana da launin shuɗi mai 'shuɗi'.
- Karin mink Ya yi kama da launin ruwan mink a launi, amma furjinta yana haskaka shuɗi kuma gabaɗaya yana da kyau.
- Farin mink. Verywararrun nau'in mink wanda ake busawa a Arewacin Amurka. Yana bayar da farin farin Jawo.