Idan mu 'yan Aztec, zamu kira wannan dabba da "karen allah." Sunan Latin ya canza kamar karen kare. Kuma mutanen zamani suna kiransa da wata dabam - “makiyayi wolf”, “ja kare”, “ja wolf” ko “coyote”. Wace irin dabba ce wannan da mutane ba sa yin nadama da sunaye da yawa?

Bayanin waje

Coyote dabbobi ne masu shayarwa. Wadannan dabbobin suna cikin gidan canine. A waje, karnukan kyarket suna kama da kyarketattun talakawa, amma karami. Kuna iya ma faɗi cewa babban coyote ya fi ƙanana da ƙaramin girma na karnuka na talakawa. Matsakaicin tsayi na jikin mutum na tsufa bai wuce 100 cm ba, wutsiya ba ta girma sama da 30 cm, dabbar tana da kusan 50 cm a ƙisassu.Dagaɗi, adadin yana daga 7 kg (ƙarancin nauyi) zuwa 21 kg (matsakaicin). Babban ɗan wolf talakawa, wanda muke kwatanta ɗan'uwan makiyaya, yana da ƙaramin nauyin 32, kuma manyan mutane zasu iya kaiwa zuwa kilo 60.

Wolf makiyaya yana da kafaffun kunnuwa, kuma ana iya kiran wutsiyarsa da ƙoshin lafiya. Jawo mafi tsananin kauri da tsawo, launin ruwan kasa a launi, tare da baki da launin toka. Launin Jawo a ciki yafi wuta. Siffar mucks tana da daƙan-saƙo, mafi mahimmin abin tunawa da fox fiye da kerke. An rufe bakin wutsiya da gashin baki.

Inda coyotes suke zaune

Coyotes sune asalin mazaunan filayen Amurka. An rarraba su a cikin Arewacin Amurka kuma ana samun su a cikin jihohi 49 na Amurka, Kanada da Mexico. Wolf na makiyaya ta Arewacin Amurka ya buge da yawa lokacin zinarin Rush. Tare da masu hakar gwal din, wannan dabbar tana matukar kokarin gano sabbin yankuna, baya watsi da duk wani abin da ya kama.

Red kyarkeci mazaunan bude yankuna. Suna zaune a cikin kwari da hamada, Ba su da yawa a cikin kurmi. Coyotes suna zaune ba kawai a cikin wuraren da aka bari ba, har ma a gefen manyan manyan cibiyoyi.

Abin da ke ci

A cikin abinci, wutsiyar makiyaya ta Amurka ita ce mai dahuwa. Wannan dabba ana ɗauka cewa omnivorous ne, amma babban abincin shine naman ƙarnuka, zomaye, karnuka, ciyawa da kuma dabbobin ƙasa. Duk wata karamar dabba, gami da tsuntsaye, kwari da dabbobi masu ruwa iri iri, na iya zama babban abincin dabba mai jin yunwa. Kuma tun da abubuwan coyotes galibi suna zaune kusa da birane da birane, suna iya farautar dabbobin gida, kodayake suna yin hakan ba sau da yawa.

Ba a cika samun nasarar kashe coyotes daga mutane ba. Amma kayan kwalliyar ƙasa waɗanda ke rakiyar ƙauyukan ɗan adam suna da matukar kyau a gare su.

Yadda coyote yake farauta

Makiyaya Wolf sun fi son farauta guda ko tagwaye. Amma don farauta babban wasan za'a iya haɗuwa cikin garken. A wannan yanayin, ana rarraba mukamai, kamar a cikin kyarkeci. Akwai wuraren wasan shayarwa da yawa waɗanda ke ɗaukar garken zuwa garken ko kuma suna sharar da shi tare da dogon buri.

Wani lokacin coyotes farauta tare da badgers. Wannan ƙungiya ce mai nasara, saboda bad ɗin tana ragargaza rami wacce potentialaƙƙarfan halayen ke zaune ko ɓoye, kuma coyote zai iya kama ta ya kashe ta. Coyotes suna da matukar tsufa, sauri da tsalle da kyau. Suna da kyawawan ilham da kuma kyakkyawan gani.

Dabbobin da ke da girma suna da filayen farautarsu. Cibiyar wannan ƙasa ita ce hanyar annabta. Iyakokin shafin suna nuna alamar kullun tare da fitsari.

Coyotes sau da yawa suna kuka da ƙarfi. Ta wannan hanyar, dabbobi suna tattaunawa da juna, suna tattara garken don farauta, suna sanar da 'yan uwansu kabilun cewa suna cikin yankin wani, kuma suna kira ga mace. A cikin dare a kan baƙin Amurkan, sautin kukan kusan kullun, yana ɓata baƙi da ba a ziyarta ba. Masana suna kokarin rarrabewa da tsara saiti mai kyau don fahimtar mafi kyawun dabbobin da ake kallo.

Hanyar rayuwa

Akasari wadannan magabatan suna rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i. Amma akwai mutane guda ɗaya da kungiyoyin iyali. Wolf's makiyaya na Amurka suna yin garken tumaki a wuraren da ake da dabbobi da yawa da wadataccen abinci. Rukunin mutane 5-6 ne, biyu waɗanda iyayensu ne, ragowar kuma matasa.

Wani dalili na yin rukuni shine rashin ƙaramin wasa. A wannan yanayin, makasudin garken shine don farautar manyan dabbobi, wanda kawai coyote ba zai iya jurewa ba.

Ma'aurata karnuka masu kishi Suna zaune tare da juna tsawon shekaru, ba tare da wasu abokan tarayya sun shagala da shi ba. Mafi yawan lokuta, ma'aurata suna manne tare duk rayuwarsu.

Mating faruwa a lokacin hunturu, daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu. Yan matan Coyote suna da matukar tasiri. A brood na iya samun daga 5 zuwa 19 kwikwiyo. Haihuwa kusan watanni 3 kenan. Haihuwar tana faruwa ne a babban hanyar iyali, amma kowane ma'aurata suna da mafaka da yawa. Ana amfani da waɗannan ramuka ko abubuwa masu fashewa idan akwai haɗari. Namiji yakan kula da mace da 'ya' yan, ya samu abinci ya kuma tsare mai gidan. Meadow Wolf iyaye ne masu kulawa. Yana aiki tare da tara 'yan kwikwiyo tare da mahaifiyarsa. Maza manya sun shiga rayuwa mai zaman kanta, kuma mace na iya zama tare da iyayensu.

A cikin daji, coyotes na iya rayuwa sama da shekaru goma, kuma a cikin zaman talala rayuwarsu zata iya tsawan shekaru. Wasu ma'aurata a gidan dabbobi sun rayu tsawon shekaru 15-16.

Tarihi da tatsuniyoyi

Red Wolf, hoto da bayanin abin da aka gabatar maka da hankali, halayyar mutum ne a cikin tatsuniyoyin kabilun Indiya da yawa na Arewacin Amurka. Wannan halayyar wasa ce mai banƙyama da ɓarna wanda ke gina ƙananan dabaru mara kyau don cutar da cutarwa, amma saboda kawai abin dariya ne. Irin waɗannan haruffan ana kiransu mayaudara, watau, yaudarar alloli, ko kuma magungunna waɗanda ba su san yadda za su ɗauki nauyin ayyukansu ba.

A wasu kabilun Indiya, karnukan makiyaya wani allah ne da ke bautar mafarauta da mayaƙa da kuma masoya. Indiyawan sun ɗauki wannan allahn babbar sihiri ne. Kuma wasu kabilu sun tsira daga tatsuniyoyi cewa “Karen allah” yayin wasan ba da gangan ya kirkiro mutane daga laka da jininsu. Baƙon Indiya na Arewacin Amirka ba sa farautar mayu ba, tun da sun ɗauke su abin ƙyamar dabbobi ne.

Take

Sunan ya fito ne daga Aztec coyotl, "kare allah." Sunan Latin (Canis latrans) na nau'in yana nufin "kare mai kare". Madadin sunan jinsunan shine ciyawar karnuka. A cikin ƙarni na 19 - 20 An kuma yi amfani da sunayen "karnukan makiyaya", "kyarkeken kidan Amurkawa na Arewa", "jakal na Amurka", "ciyawar karnuka", "karamin wolf" da "wolf daji".

Bayyanar

Tsawon jikin yana kusan 75 - 100 cm, wutsiya kusan 30 cm ne, tsayinsa a ƙasan ya kusan cm 50. Jawo yana da kauri sama da na ƙyar wolf, launi yawanci ja, launin toka-ja, launin ruwan kasa ko yashi. Mafi nisa kudu duka mutum yana rayuwa, ya fi haske launi da ƙari ya koma kan yashi, arewa ta fi duhu, tare da fifikon launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. Ana samun samun ma'ana a wasu lokutan a arewacin yankin. Albino tsakanin coyotes har yanzu ba a yi rikodin ba.

Yawan nauyin coyotes yana daga kilogram 9-13 a kudancin yankin, zuwa kilogiram 18-21 a arewacin. Matsakaicin mafi girman yiwuwar mafi girman mutum an kafa shi a kusan kilogram 33.6. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, coyotes suna zaune tare da nau'i-nau'i, kuma akwai kuma mutane guda ɗaya da ƙaramin garke (galibi yana kusa da arewacin yankin). Coyotes yana halin halin ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi na tasirin intraspecific (ƙarancin wahalar da ke tsakanin coyotes ba yawa ba ne na gaske, amma a maimakon haka, tsoratar da abokin gaba).

Halaye

Coyote halayyar filayen bude koguna ne da wuraren hamada suke. Da wuya ya shiga cikin dazuzzuka. Tana faruwa duka a wuraren da ba kowa ciki kuma a gefen manyan biranen Los Angeles. Sauƙaƙe yana dacewa da shimfidar wuraren da mutum yayi. Rayuwar rayuwar galibi tagwaye ne. A cikin abubuwan halittar daji na prairie coyote sun mamaye wani wuri mai kama da na jackal a cikin tarihin rayuwar tsohuwar duniya. Coyote yana da iko a kan abinci. Koyaya, 90% na abincinsa yana cikin abincin dabbobi: hares, zomaye, karnukan makiyaya, katako da ciyawa (a Kanada), ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta. Tana kaiwa da kwale-kwalen roko, dodo, daskararru, mallaki da beavers, cin tsuntsayen (pheasants), kwari. Wasu lokuta fox da launin ja mai launin ja kuma suna iya bayyana akan menu na coyote. Coyote yayi iyo sosai kuma yana kama dabbobi masu ruwa - kifi, kwaɗi da sababbi. Ba a fuskantar farmaki na tumaki, awaki, barewar daji da kuma dabbobin daji ba. Haƙiƙa a kan ɗan adam abu ne mai matuƙar wuya - kusan kusan shekaru 200 na nazarin kimiyya, an yi wasu hare-hare biyu kawai a kan mutanen da suka mutu (a cikin 1984 a Amurka da 2009 a Kanada, duka biyun suna kasancewa a cikin yanayin kare rami tare da ƙananan cuban sanda a lamarin lokacin da mutumin ya wakilci ainihin barazana ga rayuwa da lafiyar matasa). A ƙarshen bazara da kaka, tana cin ea berriesan itace, 'ya'yan itatuwa da gyada tare da nishaɗi. A yankuna na arewacin a cikin hunturu, sai ya sauya zuwa ciyar da abinci, yana bin garkunan manyan ungulates, suna cin ragowar da yanka dabbobi masu rauni. A cikin ƙauyuka, wasu lokuta suna haƙa a cikin shara.

Mafi “wasa” na dukkan karnukan daji, coyote yana da ikon tsallakawa tsawon mita 2-4 kuma yana gudana cikin sauri na 40-50 km / h, a takaice nisa yana haɓaka gudu zuwa 65 km / h. Tana iya yin tafiya mai nisa, farauta kimanin kilomita 4 a kowane dare. Wataƙila coyote yana da ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin duk jijiyar ƙwayar cuta: yana hango nesa nesa har zuwa 200 m, daidai gwargwado dare da rana. Bugu da kari, coyote shine yafi “musanman” a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Arewacin Amurka: hayaniya da takeyi wani bangare ne mai muhimmmanci na yabon.

Babban makiya na asali sune cougar da wolf. A cikin karni na 20, mutum shine babban maƙiyin coyotes (mafi girma na rushewar coyote ya faru ne a shekarun 1950s zuwa 1970). Coyote baya yarda da kasancewar wani fox ja, wanda yake gasa da abinci, a cikin yankin. Wasu lokuta coyotes suna ƙetare tare da karnukan gida da kyarma kyar, da kuma lokaci-lokaci tare da kyarke da wake-wake A cikin bauta, mun kuma yi nasarar ƙetare coyote tare da jaket na Asiya (a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, wuraren coyote da jackal ba su taɓa).

Habitat da biyan kuɗi

A halin yanzu ana rarraba Coyote daga Alaska a arewacin zuwa Panama da Guatemala a kudu. A lokacin da yake kankara, ya kuma rayu a Gabashin Gabashin Eurasia, Gabas da Tsakiyar Siberiya (amma a cikin wadannan yankuna ya mutu daga baya).

Akwai biyan kuɗi guda 20 na coyote (rayuwa 19 da 1 ƙare):

• C. l. cagottis: mexican coyote
• C. l. clepticus: coyote San Pedro Martira (California)
• C. l. dic taimakon: salvador coyote
• C. l. takaici: coan kudu maso gabas coyote (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mussuri da Arkansas)
• C. l. Zinare: belize coyote
• C. l. hondurensis: honduran coyote
• C. l. impavidus: coyote Durango (Mexico)
• C. l. incolatus: arewacin (Alaskan) coyote (Yukon, Alaska, arewa maso gabashin Kanada, arewacin Alberta)
• C. l. jamesi: coyote na tsibirin tiburon
• C. l. latrans: lowyo coyote (Great Plains to Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan zuwa New Mexico a kudu, da Texas)
• C. l. masarufi: dutse (Kanada) coyote (British Columbia, Alberta, Utah da Nevada)
• C. l. mearnsi: coyote na Mearnes (kudu maso gabas Colorado, kudu da kudu maso yamma Utah, arewacin Mexico)
• C. l. microdon: coyote Rio Grande (kudancin Texas da arewacin Mexico)
• C. l. ochropus: California Valley Coyote (California da Sierra Nevada)
• C. l. sashin ƙasa mai shiga teku: Coyote Peninsular (California)
• C. l. texensis: texas lafazi coyote (texas, arewacin sabon mexico, arewa maso gabas mexico)
• C. l. thamnos: arewa maso gabas coyote (Saskatchewan, Ontario, Indiana da Missouri)
• C. l. umpquensis: coyote na arewa maso yamma (Washington da Oregon)
• C. l. vigilis: Colimian coyote (Mexico)
• C. l. lepofagus (ƙarewa): Eyosian coyote (ya rayu a cikin Pleistocene a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Gabas da Tsakiyar Siberiya)

• Coyote Gabas (Canis latrans x Canis lycaon) - wani tsiro na coyote da kyarke gabashin.
• Coyvol (Canis latrans x Canis lupus) shine asalin coyote da wolf wolf.
• Coyotes (Canis latrans x Canis lupus familiaris) - wani nau'in coyote da kare
• Koyotoshakal (Canis latrans x Canis aureus) - wani nau'in kamun kai da koyawa da kuma bakin Asiya

Asali

Coyote shine nau'in reno mai nau'in Pliocene (na ciki). A halin da muke ciki yanzu ya tashi kimanin miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata. Kakan asalin zamani na coyote shine Johnston coyote (Canis lepophagus), wanda ya samo asali tsakanin shekaru miliyan 10.8 da miliyan 10.3 da suka gabata. Daga karshe ya mutu kusan shekaru miliyan 1.8 da suka gabata. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka shude, zuriyarsa, coyote na zamani, sun rabu da coyote Johnston. Sunan Latin Canis lepophagus fassara a matsayin “mai-cinye kare” (daga lat. lepus - “zomo” da fatusse - “mai cinye”).

Yin hukunci da burbushin halittun, Johnston's coyote yayi kama da na zuriyar sa na zamani, amma an bambanta shi da girman sa da kuma girman kwanyar sa. Dangane da sake fasalin masana burbushin halittu, matsakaicin nauyin Johnston coyote zai kasance kimanin kilo 35-40, yayin da nauyin coyotes na zamani ya kasance daga kilo 9 zuwa 21.

A cikin Tarihi

A cikin tatsuniyoyi da kuma addinai na Indiyawan Arewa ta Arewa, coyote dabba ce mai alfarma, yaudarar Allah take. Sau da yawa, allahn Coyote ɗaya ne daga cikin allolin pantheon. A Navajo Coyote (Atshekhaske, Svarlivets na farko) shine Mahalicci, allahn da ke ƙasa, da ƙauna, raye-raye da yaƙi, mai kirkiro sihiri, an rarrabe shi ta hanyar tsaka tsaki tare da tsaka-tsakin mugunta (“A cikin allolin alloli, yayin da mai kyau ya zauna tare da gefen kudu, da mugunta - a gefen arewa, Coyote yana zaune a ƙofar, saboda haka yana iya shiga cikin kawance daga kowane ɗayan "- wannan shine ɗayan tarihin Navajo. Crow Coyote yana da Mahalicci da madaukakiyar allahntaka.

A mafi yawan kabilun Indiya, farauta don neman abin coyote, a matsayin dabba mai tsarki da abin totem, tabo ne. Dangane da akidar 'Yan ƙasar Amurka, shaman ne kawai zai iya taɓa fatar mamacin ruwan hoda ba tare da wata ma'ana ba, duk wasu za su sami la'ana saboda irin wannan aika-aika.

Ga kabilu da yawa, coyote shima shine farkon wasan fari a duniya.

A cikin tarihin asalin 'yan asalin Afirka, hoton kamannin coyote wanda yake sararin samaniya kamar yadda yake. Coyote, a cewar almara na Americanasar asalin, shine farkon halitta a duniya. Zai kasance kaɗai halitta da zai tsira har ƙarshen duniya. A cewar wani tsohon tarihin legendan asalin Amurka - “coyote zai zama halitta na ƙarshe a duniya. Bayan bison ya bace, mutumin ya bace, kuma duniya ta fada cikin duhu. Sannan kuma, a cikin duhu, kiranyen daye zai dawwama. ”