Ta wata hanyar rayuwa, kwayar zarra tayi kama da tawadar Allah: tana rayuwa ne gaba daya ta karkashin kasa, tana tono tsarin tsayi da yawa, yana tura kasa mai yawa zuwa farfajiya, yana yin moadsly mounds. Amma gabaɗaya, wannan dabba ce daban-daban, ta bambanta da bayyanar ta, tsarin jikinta, dabi'unta, har ma da yanayin cutarwarta ...

Bera berayen (Spalax) - halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa daga cikin kwayoyin halittar berayen da ke cikin tsari, sune ke haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Yana da nau'ikan 4.

Berayen bera ƙananan dabbobi ne, tsayin 30 zuwa 32 cm ne kawai, ba tare da kunnuwa, ba tare da nuna wuya ba, tare da idanuwan da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fata, ƙaramin wutsiya mai ƙyalƙyali da gajeren furfura. Ba kamar motsi da ke ciyar da kwari ba, dabbobi suna ciyar da abincin tsirrai - suna cin rhizomes, Tushen, ƙwaya, da kwararan fitila. Don zuwa ga ɓangaren m na tsirrai, ja su ta tushe daga rami. Bean, laima, da asteraceae suna matukar son su. Ana ci da tushe da ganyayyaki musamman a lokacin bazara da farkon bazara.

Tsarin motsi da berayen sun hade. Farkon matakin shine abinci, wanda yake a zurfin 20 - 25 cm daga farfajiyar ƙasa. Na biyun, ya hada da haɗa tashoshi, lokacin bazara da kuma lokacinn hunturu, shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, ana samun su a zurfin 3-4 m.

Idan moles sassauta kasar gona da gaban paws, to tawadar Allah berayen da iko incisors. Haka ne, kuma tarin tsiro a cikin "tsararrun halittu" fiye da moles. Easan da aka fitar a farfajiya ya kai yawan kilogram 10 kuma yana narkar da nisan kusan 50 cm.

Berayen bera sunfi son warewa. A karo, maza suna faɗa har sai an bar mutum ɗaya da rai. Amma a lokaci guda, ga kowane namiji akwai mata 1 - 2 waɗanda suke tare da su waɗanda ke tare da su a lokacin kiwo. Yankin 1 ha zai iya zama a lokaci guda ta 3 zuwa 20 (kuma wasu lokuta) dabbobi.

Lokacin da yafi aiki a rayuwar dabbobi shine Maris, Afrilu da Mayu. A lokacin bazara, sannan kuma a cikin hunturu, an rage mahimmancin ayyukansu, amma ba sa ɓarnuwa.

Habitat

Mahalli, galibi yakan zabi filaye, kwari, katako, gandun daji, filaye.

Tsarin ruwa a cikin tawadar bera yana da dawa biyu. Na farko an kafa shi a zurfin da bai wuce 25 cm ba daga farfajiya kuma abinci ne, na biyu shine zurfin mita 3-4. Na biyu yana da hurumi don rayuwa a lokacin rani da damuna, kazalika da adana kayan abinci.

Kwayar ta tono kasar gona da taimakon goshin gogewa, kuma sauran kwayoyin halittar tsirara suna amfani da abubuwan fashewa masu karfi. Yankunan da yawa sun fi girma kamar moles. Olaƙƙarfan ikon suna da ikon yin nisan da ya kai 50 cm, kuma ƙasa da aka jefa zuwa saman wasu lokuta tana da wadataccen ƙasa, amma kimanin kilo 10.

Harshen kwaro yana da ikon haifar da lahani da yawa, kuma yana da matukar wahala a iya hallaka shi, tunda dabbar tana ƙarƙashin mafi yawan rayuwarsa.

Rayuwa

Bera da ke dauke da kwayar halitta suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa ta sarari, suna zuwa saman yanayi a lokuta da dama. Ya kirkiro wani tsari mai cike da matakai biyu na ramuka. Wanda ya fi tsayi shine babban "ciyar" babba, wanda ya ta'allaka ne da zurfin kusan 20-25 cm Baya ga tsarin ciyarwa, kwayar zarra tana shirya wani tsarin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu, har da tanadin abinci. An haɗa su ta hanyar wurare tare da bene na biyu, mai zurfi, wanda ke da tsawon zuwa 4 m.

Bugun motsa yana motsawa, kwayar halittar bera ta kwance kasar tare da abubuwan fashewa, sannan kuma ta jujjuya ta zuwa sama, inda ake tattara tarin tsibirai, abubuwan da ake kira "berayen kwayoyin". Theaukar nauyin ƙasa da aka watsar a cikin "tawadar ƙwayar bera" zata iya wuce kilo 10 da inci 50 cm. Tsawon motsi ɗaya bera ya kai 450 m.

Molearancin ƙwayar bera yana cin tsire-tsire, tushen abincinsa shine rhizomes, kwararan fitila da tubers. A cikin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, yana ciyar da sassa na tsirrai (mai tushe da ganyayyaki). Ratungiyar ta sassaka ta fi son asteraceae, umbellate da Legumes na takin.

Berayen bera suna kuma aiki a lokacin hunturu. Domin kada ya ji matsananciyar yunwar, sai ya keɓe ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Acorns, rhizomes, kwararan fitila na tsirrai, dankalin dankalin turawa, har ma da gandun sukari a cikin akwatunan ta na karkashin kasa. Haka kuma, ajiyar kwayoyin bera suna da yawa - wani lokacin nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 14.

Bayan haka, akwai wasu halittu masu rai da suke amfana daga berayen kwayoyin. Masu hoto, muryoyin filin, hamsters da sauran dabbobin suna zaune a cikin ramuka ƙirar toka.

Tunda kwayayen kwayoyi suna rayuwa a karkashin kasa, bashi da makiya a zahiri, babban wanda yake shine shine, yanzu zai iya zuwa berayen bera a nasu tsarin. Dawakai, karnuka, tsuntsaye masu farauta da tsuntsaye masu cin nama bisa ga ƙuruciya ta fuskar duniya.

Rayuwar rayuwar wannan sandar ta karkashin kasa ya kai shekaru 9.

Abin da ke ci

Idan rukunin yanar gizon ku ba a girbe ba, to kada ku zarge duk laifin akan kwayar. Kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar wanne al'ada bace. Idan dankali ne, beets da karas, to wannan ba shi da bambanci - aikin "haƙoran" bera ɗin ƙwaro.

Bugu da kari, dabbar ba ta damu da cin amfanin albasa ba, saboda haka furanni da ke da corms a maimakon Tushen na iya wahala. Molearin kwaya da sashi na shuka suna ci, suna jan daji a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Abincin da aka fi so don kwaro sune Peas, wake, wake, fika karas. Idan dabbar ta ji daɗin ciyawar, to zai iya samo wa kansa amfanin gonar don gaba.

An sani cewa ya girma yana iya cin abinci a kowace rana gwargwadon abin da ya auna, don haka lokacin da ya haƙa hannun jari don hunturu, suka samo, kuma a cikin sassa daban-daban har kilogiram 18 na dankali da sauran albarkatu masu tushe. Kwastomomi na hunturu na iya bushe berries, kwayoyi.

Sake bugun tawadar kwari

Molean berayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi dabbobi ne kawai. Hanyar sadarwar rami na mutum ɗaya baya haɗa tare da burrows na wani.

Ana samun daidaikun mutane game da luwaɗan musamman a lokacin kiwo. Lokacin damuna a cikin kananan berayen berayen suna farawa daga bazara kuma yana kasancewa har lokacin bazara. Amma har zuwa yau, masana kimiyya ba su san yadda ƙwayoyin bera suke neman abokan tarayya ba, kuma suna haifar da ma'aurata.

Namoto yakan kawo zuriya sau ɗaya a shekara. Femaleaya mace a cikin zuriyar dabbobi za ta iya samun cuba cuban 6, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ana haihuwar jarirai 3-4. Makaho mai makanta ke ciyar da zuriyarta tsawon makonni 4.

Game da rayuwa game da kananan berayen bera, da kuma game da yanayinsu na dako, ba a san komai ba.

Daga ayyukan wannan kwaro akwai dogayen wurare da yawa a cikin lambun, haka kuma kayan kwalliya na kasa, wanda dabbar ta adana wani bangare na amfanin gona da masu suka shuka a gidajen gonakinsu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yakan ci babban taro mai koren kore, kuma yana ƙara kayan amfanin gona na hunturu. Ko da kwaya ɗaya ɗaya tak zai iya ɗaukar mai yawa daga amfanin gona. Idan mutane da yawa sun bayyana a shafin, to, zaku iya manta game da amfanin gona mai yawa kamar dankali, albasa, beets da karas.

Bugu da kari, ya tono manyan wurare masu kyau, tare da nunin 5 5 zuwa 15, saboda hakan yana lalata wasu tsirrai a shafin. Ersarancin ƙananan ƙananan na iya kasancewa a cikin zurfin mita 3, kuma babba a cikin zurfin cm 10 Irin wannan tsarin hanyoyin ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba koyaushe ba ba da ci gaba na al'ada ga yawancin tsire-tsire masu girma.

Yadda za a fitar da ƙwayar motsi

Tambaya guda kawai ta taso lokacin da aka dasa bera ɗin ƙwayar ƙwayar talakawa a cikin ƙasa - yadda za a rabu da kwaro? Ga mutane da yawa, wannan ya zama aikin da ba zai yuwu ba. Bayan haka, dabbar tana ci gaba da ɓoyewa cikin ƙasa da kasancewarta, tana ƙirƙirar sabon motsi da lalata tsire-tsire masu shuka, cikin dare kawai.

Zai fi kyau a yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan yanayi wanda dabbar ta bar ƙasar cikin yanci. An kirkiri hanyoyi da yawa don wannan, amma ba ɗayansu da ya tabbatar da cewa dabbar za ta gudu ba har abada. Amma duk da haka, yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙari sosai don kawar da ƙwayar motsi ba tare da zubar da jininsa ba.

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dashi shine cika rami da ruwa. Amma wannan na iya buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, saboda sassan jikin dabbar suna da alama sosai. Kuma idan ƙasa da sauri ta sha danshi, wannan hanyar ba ta da amfani. Wasu suna ƙoƙarin shan ƙwararren maƙwabta mai ƙafa huɗu tare da hayaki, zuba mairosene ko cakuda abubuwa cikin rami. Wata hanyar ita ce ƙirƙirar hayaniya koyaushe a cikin yankin da yake zaune, wanda ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba ta yarda da ita ba. A madadin, zaku iya amfani da shigarwa na mai siyarwar ultrasonic.

Inda yake zama

An rarraba ƙwayar tawadar Allah a cikin tuddai na fili kusa da Dnieper, tsakanin Volga da Arewacin Caucasus. Wannan dansandan yana zaune a inda akwai ciyayi mai yawa, baya shiga zurfi cikin gandun daji, kodayake galibi yakan faru ne a gefen gandun daji, a cikin gandun daji, a bayyane kuma tare da hanyoyin daji.

Babban incisor incisors located a gaban lebe

Mai zalunci mai rauni

Yan gari ba sa son waɗannan dabbobin da ke ɓoye - saboda berayen sun lalata ganyayen, amfanin gona na ciyawar ciyawa.

Bera berayen

A cikin lambunan gida, berayen kwayoyi suna cutar amfanin gona (yawancin abin da aka shafa sune dankali, karas, albasa da furannin kwan fitila). Wadannan ƙwayoyin tsoka suna lalata amfanin gona na masara, legumes, tsire-tsire masu ban ruwa (ku ci tsaba da ƙananan tsire-tsire). Abubuwan da aka zubar da ƙasa - "berayen bera" - suna tsoma baki tare da narkar da filin. Yan gandun daji ba sa fifita berayen bera biyu - a cikin gandun dajin-dajin gandun dajin-gwanayen suna lalata ƙwayoyin itacen oak.

Hanya mafi sauki don samun kyakkyawan lawn gaban

Ku, hakika, kun ga kyakkyawan shimfidar cikin cinema, a kan titi, kuma mai yiwuwa a farfajiyar makwabta. Wadanda aƙalla sau ɗaya sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka yankin kore a yankin su, babu shakka sun faɗi cewa wannan babban aiki ne. Lawn yana buƙatar dasa da hankali, kulawa, taki, shayarwa. Koyaya, yan lambu masu ƙwarewa ne kawai ke tunanin haka, kwararru sun daɗe da sani game da kayan aiki mai kirki - ruwa lawn AquaGrazz.

Yawancin nau'ikan suna da aka sani. Dabba, mazaunin bazara mai ban haushi, galibi ɗan kwaya ɗaya ne. Giant - wata ƙwararrun da ba kasafai aka jera su a cikin littafin nan mai daraja ba. Ana samo shi a cikin shimfidar wurare na Caucasus Range, Moldova da kudancin Ukraine. Adadin mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in da mazauninsu yana raguwa, wannan saboda aikin aikin mutum ne wanda yake aiki. Da wuya a same shi a cikin matatar tsaunin Caucasus. Bayyanar yashi yana da launi mai haske, yana ba shi damar haɗuwa tare da ƙasa, rarraba tare da ƙananan iyakar Dnieper. Yana rayuwa akan tsaurara masu bushewa, chernozems na halitta.

Bayanin

Kusan ko yaushe baya tashi zuwa saman duniya. Babban sanda mai nauyin kilogram, kusan 30 cm tsayi, shugaban ya lalace, idanun dabbar suna nemanta yayin juyin halitta kamar yadda bai zama dole ba. Ba shi da wutsiya, jikin dabbar an rufe shi da gashi mai kauri, mai kauri. Faƙoro na tono ta amfani da abubuwan ɓacin rai maimakon fitowar surar. Ci gaban hakora na gaba bai dakatar da duk rayuwa ba. Tsarin lebe na musamman ne, an tsara shi saboda idan lokacin rami a bakin kar ya fada cikin ƙasa.

Yaɗa

Al'adun dabi'a shine tsararren itace da gandun daji. Yada ko'ina cikin Ukraine, la'akari da ƙasarsa, an jera su cikin Red Book of Ukraine. Ya fi son sassan duniya da ciyayi mai yawa; ba ya zuwa da nisa cikin daji, da zaban gefukan daji ko bel na gandun daji tare da filayen.

Dangantakar mutane

Berayen bera kwari ne na ƙasar noma, don haka a sa shi a hankali, halin mutum game da su yana da rikitarwa. Ya lalata amfanin gona dankali, karas da beets da aka noma a cikin lambuna da gidaje. Ba ya yin watsi da furanni waɗanda rhizomes ke samar da kwararan fitila. A cikin bazara, lokacin da babu isasshen abinci, yakan ciyar da ƙwayaye da tsirar matasa. Ta yaya kuma mutum zai iya danganta da dabba wanda zai iya lalata 'ya'yan wahala, saurin aiki?

C Harta a cikin lambu

Bayyanar ƙwanƙwasa a cikin lambun ko yankin kewayen matsala matsala ce. Wannan halittar zata iya kwace muku dankali, karas da beets. Tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso: yadda zaka rabu da katuwar tawadar Allah a gidan ko wani lambu. Yakan ci fiɗa tsiran tsirrai, yana kuma adana albarkatun gona na hunturu. Adultaya daga cikin ɗayan dattijo na iya lalata ayyukan cikakken lokacin bazara. Fiye da kilogram 10 na tushen kayan amfanin gona an samo su a cikin ramuka, kuma fiye da kantin sayar da kayan lambu guda ɗaya suna shirya mai ƙarfi. Yawancin lambun da aka fi kyau dashi, mafi girman sha'awar wadannan dabbobin zasu iya zama a kanta.

M hanyoyi don rabu da tawadar m beraye

Da zaran kwaro ya bayyana a cikin lambun, mazauna bazara sun fara tunanin yadda za a kawar da dan ta'adda na bazara. Yana da wuya a fitar da gonar sa, saboda dabba kusan bai bayyana a farfajiya ba, kuma godiya ga ɗab'in ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a mai kyau, tarkunan da aka ɗora a kanta ana iya kiyaye shi. Yaƙi tare da shi ya juya zuwa yaƙin don girbin.

Wuce kima na dan adam zai iya hana aikin gama-gari gaba ɗaya. Kuna iya amfani da guba idan baku tsoron halaka dabbobin gida. Sanya tarkuna na musamman, kodayake dabbobi suna nuna mu'ujizai na hikima, suna bijirar da mafi tarkace. Kafin amfani da tarkon, yana da kyau a cire shi daga ƙanshin mutum, alal misali: haɗa tare da albasa. Fatar cewa bera mai rai ba zai shude da tarko yana ƙaruwa ba.

Na'urorin tsoro na cikin gida

Kuna iya amfani da kulawa ta dabi'ar dabbobi da kyakkyawar wari. Sanya sanduna da aka sanyaya a cikin ruwa mai-ruwa wanda ke da ƙoshin ƙanshi, ƙanshi mara dadi a cikin manyan bututu. Misali: man dizal, kerosene, da sauransu. Wannan zai haifar da rashin jin daɗi, tsoratar da dabba kuma wataƙila zai bar shafin ku. Masu mallakar gidajen Aljannar sun lura cewa sandent baya son hayaniya.

Hanya mafi sauƙaƙƙen: ana kwashe tsawon ƙarfe na ƙarfafa ƙarfe zuwa cikin ƙasa don haka ya zama cm 30-40 a saman.Ko ana iya saka baƙin ƙarfe a saman fil. Iskar, tafiya a kusa da wurin, yana motsa bankunan kuma sauti ya bazu ta hanyar tsinkaye a cikin ƙasa. A lokutan gida na bazara, suna bayar da hayaki mai ƙuna daga injin mota. Wannan hanyar tana da lahani ga ƙasa, ƙoshin ya ƙunshi ƙarfe masu nauyi waɗanda zasu iya cutar da ƙasa sosai, kuma ta wurin amfanin gona "wanda aka" ceta.

Sanya sautunan ringi, rattling, da kuma kayan aikin gida mai walƙiya

Karin kwari ba su yi haƙuri da sautin karar ba, amma maƙwabta a cikin kewayen yankin za su amsa da sauri ga “tsararrun” mashin injin. Na'urorin da ke haifar da rawar jiki na duniya sun fi dacewa a nan, amma yana da wuya a sami madaidaicin iko don kiyaye shafin gaba daya.

Yakin ruwa

Idan ka yanke shawarar fitar da sandar daga rami, da ambaliyar ruwa, to kar fatan cewa buhu da yawa sun ishe ka. Ta tono ramuka (da yawa) kuma cika su da ruwa tare da tiyo ruwa. Yana da kyau idan zaku iya ba da ruwa zuwa maki da yawa a lokaci daya. Ba jima ko ba jima, dabbar za ta zo a farfajiya - kar a yi kuwwa nan.

Shigar da mai siyarwar ultrasonic

Idan hanyoyin rashin tausayi na gwagwarmaya ba su yarda da ku ba, ba ku son amfani da mousetraps ko baits guba, akwai wata hanya. Na'urar lantarki wacce ke jujjuya ƙwayoyin tsoka ta bayyana a cibiyar sadarwa. Hanyar ta dogara da yaduwar girgiza ultrasonic; yana haifar da damuwa, tsoro a cikin jijiyoyi, da disorients a sararin samaniya.

Rashin kyau shine cewa don cimma tasirin na'urar guda ɗaya ko biyu akan shafin bai isa ba, kuna buƙatar siyan da yawa. Waɗannan na'urorin sarrafawa suna da tasiri kuma basa buƙatar wasu hanyoyi. Bayan wani lokaci, kwari za su bar wurin, wanda ya zama mara dadi, koda kuwa shafin yana da wadataccen abinci. Hanyar ultrasonic zata kori kwari bera da sauran kwari na aikin gona daga shafin. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi yawan mutuntaka, kuma ba lallai ne ku kashe waɗannan dabbobi masu kyan gani ba.

Kammalawa

Abubuwan da ake tsammani na rayuwar kwaro shine shekaru 5-7. Tabbas, ba kwa buƙatar irin wannan maƙwabcin a shafin.Ko da ba ku son kashe dabba, kuma a maimakon dankali da beets shuka furen furanni don haka, ya bar ba tare da abinci ba, zai nemi sabon wurin zama, ba zai yiwu ya bar ku ba. Kuna buƙatar yin tunani game da yadda za ku yi ma'amala da shi a cikin gonar don girbin ku ya tafi zuwa gare ku, kuma ba ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ba.