Gidan martaba na asali na martens yana haɗuwa da adadi mai yawa na nau'in phylogenetically, wanda ya bambanta sosai ga tsarin jikin mutum, da kuma hanyar rayuwa.

Mafi yawan wakilai wakilai ne manya da kanana; babu shakka, masu matsakaici ne, amma akwai kadan daga cikinsu. Tsawon jikin irin waɗannan dabbobi ya yi girma daga goma sha biyar zuwa 120 (wani lokacin har zuwa 150) cm: yawan wakilai ya bambanta daga gram 100 zuwa kilo 40. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, jikinsu yana da daɗaɗɗuwa, mai sauƙin daidaitawa. Maharbi na dangin Marten tare da gajeru da kuma girma shi ne mawuyacin lamarin.

An bambanta wakilan dangi ta hanyar ingantaccen gyaran gashi. A cikin nau'ikan halittu da yawa da ke rayuwa a arewa a cikin hunturu, tana da faɗi sosai. A kudu, wasu wakilai na jikin an rufe su da mayuka, kusan gashin gashi. Launuka na iya zama daban: tabo, bayyananniya, taguwa. Yana faruwa cewa akwai wata dabba ta dangin Marten, wanda Jawo ya fi wuta daga ƙasa sama da na sama. Ya danganta da lokacin, wakilan yawa da kyalli na gashi na iya canzawa. Wasu nau'in a cikin yanayin hunturu suna canza launi zuwa dusar ƙanƙara-fari.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk coons suna zaune a tudu, suna hawa bishiyoyi daidai, wasu suna iya tono ramuka masu zurfi, kuma suna samun abinci daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Cunyas. Ana samunsu a duk nahiyoyi ban da Australia.

Iyalin Kunih na ɗaya daga cikin mawadata a yawan samarwa da kuma nau'ikan halittu kamar yadda masu farauta suke. Yana da kusan nau'ikan 70, waɗanda aka haɗu a cikin janar 25 da ƙananan ƙananan yankuna biyar. Na farkon su ake kira martens. Ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan 33 da iri.

Ermine

Ermin daidai yake a bayyanar zuwa ƙauna, tsawon jikin yana ƙima 30 cm.

Wannan dabbar tana da ƙaddara, tana ciyarwa da ƙwaƙƙwaran bebi. Wani lokaci yakan ɓarke ​​gidaje. A cikin lokutan jin yunwa, na iya cin kwaro, idan ba su a wurin, to, datti da juniper berries. Propagated sau ɗaya a shekara, tsawon lokacin ciki shine watanni 9.5. Matsakaicin ƙwaƙwalwa biyar a kowace zuriyar dabbobi.

Wannan wakilin yana aiki ne a lokuta daban-daban na rana.

Solongoy

Yana da kama da wani ermal wani dabba daga cikin Marten iyali. Ana kiran wannan dabbar da solonga. Ya ɗan ƙaramin girma, sanye da falmaran fenti. Tsawon jikin yana kusan cm 30. Yana ciyar da voles da wasu ƙananan dabbobi, har ma da muskrats. Kari akan haka, an hada gwanaye da tsuntsaye a cikin abincin. A cikin hunturu, mating yana faruwa, tsawon lokacin haila wata ne. Akwai kimanin cubes uku zuwa hudu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.

13.08.2018

Garamin kurkuku (lat. Galictis cuja) - dabba mai shayarwa daga dangin Kunyi (Mustelidae). A lokacin saurayi, yana da sauri yana horarwa kuma ya zama mai daraja. A cikin kasashen Latin Amurka, an dade ana amfani dashi don farauta kirsuna da zomaye na gida.

A Bolivia, ana amfani da dabba don yin gumlet na sihiri waɗanda suke kare mai shi daga mugayen sojojin. Indiyawan Quechua Indo suna amfani da dabbar tare da llamas da aladu na Guinea don ba da hadaya ga allolin ƙasa, haihuwa da girgizar asa Pachamame. Toari a tare da su, ita ma tana ɗaukar ganyen coca, sigari, da kuma ruhohi.

Ivan asalin Bolivia na ƙasa suna girmama ta a duk watan Agusta, watan da ya fi sanyi a yankin su. Girmama Pachamama tun shekara ta 2009 tana kunshe ne a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar kuma ana daukar shi wani muhimmin sashi na al'adun karkara.

An fara bayyana jinsunan a cikin 1782 daga masanin dabi'ar kasar Chile Juan Ignacio Molina.

Kakakin majalisa

Shafin yana da physique denser fiye da na ermine. Tsawon jikin ya kai santimita arba'in. Matsakaicin nauyi 750 g .. Halin hunturu mai launin ja. A lokacin rani, launi ya yi duhu.

Gasar tana gudana daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. Cutar ciki tana kwana arba'in (a matsakaita), kyanwa a cikin zurfafa 7.

Yaɗa

Wurin zama a cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka.Ya shafi kudu maso gabashin Peru, yamma da kudu na Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, tsakiyar Chile, jihohin kudu da kudu maso gabas na Brazil.

Ganan grisons suna zaune daban-daban halittu. An yi kyau sosai a zauna a wurare masu bushe da ruwa. Manyan jama'a suna zaune ne a yankin Gran Chaco, yanki mai zafi tare da shimfidar wuri mai hamada, wanda ke cikin kwarin kogin La Plata.

Dabbobin suna zaune koyaushe a kusa da wuraren ruwa, suna fifita savannas ciyawa, pampas, bishiyoyi da gandun daji masu haske. A cikin Andes, ana lura dashi a tsaunin sama da 4200 zuwa saman teku, yawancin lokuta ana lura dashi akan filaye da wuraren kiwo.

Zuwa yau, an san 4 membobi. Matsayin masu gabatar da kara sun zama ruwan dare a yammacin Argentina, kudu maso gabashin Bolivia da kuma tsakiyar tsakiyar Chile.

Mink

Idan akai la'akari da dangin Marten, mutum ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma tuna game da mink na Amurka da Turai. Wadannan dabbobin suna nutsuwa kuma suna iyo da kyau. A waje, mink ɗin yayi kama da shafi.

Turai ta ƙasa da Amurka. Tsawon jikinta shine cm 40. Mass bai wuce kilo daya da rabi ba. Menene kuma ya bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan mink biyu? Tsarin hakora da kwanyar.

Mink zaune kusa da gawawwakin ruwa tare da gabar da aka wanke, ciyar a kan ƙananan ƙananan jijiyoyi, maskrats, frogs, da sauransu.

Mate a cikin bazara, har yanzu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin haila yana daukar tsawon kwana hamsin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai kananan cubs tara a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kodayake akwai ƙari.

Halayyar

Wakilan wannan nau'in suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Suna zaune shi kaɗai ko a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali waɗanda suka ƙunshi iyaye da zuriyarsu. Sukan yi barci da daddare a cikin kogon bishiyoyi, wuraren saukar da duwatsu da ƙasa da galibi a cikin mafaka. Burrows na iya kasancewa a cikin zurfin 4 m kuma suna da yawancin ƙofofin shiga da kuma hanyoyin shiga da aka rufe da ganye.

Dabbobin suna gudu sosai kuma suna hawa bishiyoyi. Zasu iya iyo, amma suna yin hakan ba tare da babbar sha'awa ba. Suna da glandan da ke toshe abubuwa masu guba don kare kansu daga masu farauta.

Ba kamar skunks ba, ƙoshin mai ƙanshi yana da ƙananan hankali kuma baya jin ƙanshi sosai.

Gan ƙananan grisons suna bin abin da za su ci ta wari. Ganimarsu galibi ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi ne. Dabba na iya wasa har tsawon mintina 45 tare da wanda aka kama kafin ya ci. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kwaɗi, lizards, tsuntsaye, ƙwai tsuntsu da ƙananan macizai sun faɗi akan teburin cin abincin.

Idan ya cancanta, zai sami damar tono ƙasa tare da goshinsa tare da lanƙwasa hannu da kuma neman rayayyun halittu masu rai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, musamman, berayen (Spalacopus cyanus) da degus (Octodon degus).

Kyakkyawan ƙari ga menu na yau da kullun sune 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da berries.

Ferrets

Ferrets suna da kusanci ga halaye. An san su da nau'ikan nau'ikan uku: steppe, baƙar fata da baƙi. Na farko shine mafi girma, tsayin jiki har zuwa 56 cm, nauyi har zuwa kilo biyu. Dan kadan karare baki. Tsawon jikinsu shine 48 cm, kuma taro bai wuce 1.5 kilogiram ba

Tushen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin dukkanin nau'ikan ukun sune rodents. Bakaken fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna bada fifiko ga beraye da voles, da kuma mataki - don hamster da gophers. Karnukan makiyaya sune abinda Blackfoot suka fi so.

Wadannan membobin cikin dangi (musamman ma dangi) suna zaune kusa da tabkuna da koguna.

Kiwo

Lokacin mating yana faruwa a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara. Dabbobi suna yin auren mata fiye da ɗaya, galibi ba su da yawa ga matan aure. Suna fashewa da zaran 'ya'yan suka sami damar rayuwa da kansu.

Tsawon lokacin haihuwar shine kwanaki 39-40. Matar na kawo daga 2aya biyu zuwa biyar a cikin kogon da ke cikin wani ɓoye da ba a iya shiga. Yana yawan faruwa a cikin rami ko kuma abin dutsen. An haife jarirai masu nauyin 35 g, makaho da kurma, amma an riga an rufe su da ɗan gajeren Jawo mai laushi.

An haifi zuriya sau biyu a shekara daga Maris zuwa Afrilu kuma daga Agusta zuwa Satumba.

Duk wahalar tarbiyyantar da 'yan uwanta sun fadi ne a wuyan uwa. Yawancin lokaci, iyaye, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna yin aikin tsaro kawai, suna faɗakar da dangi game da haɗarin yiwuwar tare da sautin kara girma. A cikin zaman talala, wasu daga cikinsu wani lokacin suna fidda jin daxin mahaifin, kuma sukan fara wasa da yaransu.

Ciyar da madara takan kusan watanni biyu.A sati na biyu, idanu bude suke, kuma a sati na hudu, jarirai suka fara canzawa zuwa sanadin abinci mai kauri. Bayan liyafa, sun tafi farauta da mahaifiyarsu. Matasa masu shekaru huɗu na haihuwa sun girma zuwa girman dabbobin da suka girma kuma za su iya kula da kansu tuni kuma ba tare da kulawar iyaye ba. Suna zama da balaga lokacin da suke ɗan shekara ɗaya.

Bayanin

A waje, dabbar tana kama da babban kurkuku (Galictis vittata), amma bai cika girmansa ba. Tsawon jiki shine 44-68 cm, kunnuwa 2-3 cm, wutsiya 14-19 cm Weight 1200-2500 g. Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin launi ba ya nan.

Jiki yana da sassauƙa da elongated, wuya yana da tsawo, ƙafafu sun gajarta. Wutsiya gajarta ce kuma tayi kyau. Shugaban kunkuntar kuma a sarari yake kwance cikin jirgin sama. Gefen kai da wulakanci baki ne. Maɓallin maɓallin kirim sun haye tare da kambi, ƙanƙarar launin toka. Ragowar Jawo yana da inuwa mai kyau.

Kunnuwa masu ƙananan hankali suna a bayan kwanyar. Black vibrissae suna a ƙarshen mucks. Akwai hakora 34 a cikin bakin.

Tsammani na rayuwa na shekaru 6-8. A cikin zaman talala, karamin gidan kurkuku na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 11-12.

Martens

Yanzu za muyi magana game da dutse da bishiyoyi. Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi yawa kamar ferrets. Tsawon jikin Marten dutse yana kan 45 cm, kuma taro bai wuce kilogiram 2.5 ba. Yankin daji kadan ne. Tsawon jikinta matsakaici ne na 44 cm, kuma nauyinta yana daga graba 750 zuwa 1500. Jikin Marten yana da ƙarfi, siriri, kunnuwa suna da girma, an gina su. Bambance-bambance tsakanin wadannan nau'ikan halittar hakora da kwanyar. Morearin kallo mafi kudancin shine marten dutse.

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, gandun daji yana zaune a cikin gandun daji cike da duhu mai duhu da kuma gauraye. Wani lokacin dutsen yana zama a cikin irin wannan yankin, amma mafi yawan lokuta ana iya ganin shi a kan dutse mai rashin itace. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna aiki da dare, kodayake zaku iya haɗuwa da su da rana.

A Pine marten ci rodents, wani lokacin hares. Dutse yana ciyar da hanya guda, amma abincin da aka shuka shine ya cika raunin zaki a cikin abincin da yake ci. Gon yana faruwa a lokacin Yuni-Agusta. An haifi matsakaita na yara biyar a cikin zuriyar dabbobi

Sable

Sable sanannen dabba ne mai sanyin jiki mai farashi mai wutsiya. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum shine 44 cm. Jaɗinsa na sable mai kauri, launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. Yana ciyar da dabbobi da abinci. A lokacin rani har yanzu suna cinye kwari. Sable cubs an haife su a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Matsakaici, ana haihuwar biyar.

Harza

Wannan dabbar tana da girma sosai, tana da tsarin jiki na musamman, launin yana da haske. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai santimita tamanin, kuma babban taro yakai kilo biyar da rabi. Dabba na zaune a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da filaye. Harza yana ciyar da ƙwayoyin dabbobi, kifi, berries da kwayoyi. Wani lokacin takamaiman shafi da sable.

Kananan Grisons Rayuwa

Ganan grisons suna aiki da rana da dare. Sukan ɓoye a cikin mafaka iri-iri: tsakanin tarin kasusuwa, a cikin ramuka masu bango, a cikin ramuka na mutane, tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi da makamantansu.

A cikin rami ɗaya, mutane 4-5 zasu iya rayuwa kai tsaye. Burrows a tsawonsa ya kai kimanin mita 15 kuma ana iya kasancewa a ƙasan zurfin har zuwa mita 4.

Paarfin gumurzu bai dace da yin iyo ko haƙa ba, amma tare da taimakon dabbobin suna gudu gaba ɗaya suna hawa bishiyoyi - gabobin hannayen ba su da kyau, kuma akwai manyan yatsun da ke yatsu a yatsunsu.

Ganan grisons suna aiki dare da rana, dabbobi suna son su ɓuya a cikin mafaka.

Ganan grisons, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in Marten, sun fi dabbobi dabarun zamantakewa. Ana samun su sau da yawa cikin rukunin mutane 2 ko fiye. Irin waɗannan rukunoni sun ƙunshi manya da mata tare da samari. Ganan grisons suna amfani da tactile da sauti don sadarwa tare da nau'in su. Hanyar sadarwa na da matukar muhimmanci ga dangin uwa da uwa tare da zuriyarsu.

Ana amfani da damar magana daban-daban na grisons a yanayi daban-daban, alal misali, yayin haɗari, grisons yana haɓaka. Hakanan, grisons suna sadarwa tare da taimakon wari, tare da matsanancin farin ciki ana fitar da wari mara kyau daga gland na anal.

Don grisons na lambobin sadarwa suna amfani da siginar launuka iri-iri, alal misali, takamaiman aikin jiki.

Ba a san maƙiyan ƙabilar ƙananan grisons ba, babban makiyi shi ne mutum. Mutane suna bin waɗannan dabbobin.

Gananan abinci na grisons

Ganan ƙananan grisons suna cin abinci kaɗan da ƙananan dabbobi: rodents, amphibians, tsuntsaye, ƙwaiyensu, dabbobi masu rarrafe da invertebrates. Suna kuma cinye 'ya'yan itacen wasu tsire-tsire.

Grisons suna birgewa a launuka masu banbancinsu.

Wani lokacin grisons yayi sata daga kaji na gida. A waɗancan wuraren da zomaye na Turai suka samo asali, sune tushen abincin abincin grisons. A Chili, yawancin abincin ya ƙunshi beraye, sannan daga zomaye, sannan daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye. A matsakaici, ƙananan grisons suna cin kimanin kilogram 350 na abinci a rana.

Pine marten

Babban jigon iyali shine martabar Turai. Wannan shine mafi yawan kwarowar bakin kwaro a cikin dangi. Marten ya kuma farautar tsuntsayen da dabbobin a rawanin bishiyoyi, kuma “kan kan dawakai,” wato yana motsawa, tsalle daga itace zuwa itace. Haka kuma waƙar Marten Amurka. Rayuwa a cikin gandun daji na arewacin sanyi, martens suna ado da kauri mai kauri da ƙima.

Mafi mahimmancin diyan dabbar Ja-gora shine mazaunin garinmu na siga. Sable, kodayake yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau, ya zauna a ƙasa kuma yana cin nasara akan mice da voles, yana ƙara menu na nama tare da kwayoyi na Pine. Kudancin waɗannan Marten a Eurasia shine marten dutse. Ta kuma kusanci kusanci da mutum kuma a cikin lokacin yunwar sai ya ziyarci wuraren dafa kaji domin satar kaji. Hakanan yana taimakawa mutum ta hanyar lalata kwari mai kwari a cikin filayen.

A Arewacin Amurka, a cikin gandun daji, tsakanin dutsen da kuma gefen gabar koguna, babban marten angler (pecans) yana zaune. Duk da sunan ta, wannan marten ba ya kama kifi sau da yawa, yana fifita farautar dabbobi daban-daban, gami da katako mai katako a Amurka. Martens sowararrun mafarauta ne da za su iya saurin shawo kan abin da ya fi girma fiye da kansu. Saboda haka, Asenen marten kharza, wanda aka samo daga gandun daji na sanyi na Primorye zuwa gandun daji na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ya sami damar kayar da ƙaramar saurayi, da barewa, da kuma masar muso - ƙaramin deer.

Mink

Martens na Turai da Amurika su ne masu farautar ƙasa. Jiki mai sauƙin canzawa ya shimfiɗa a ƙasa, yana ɓoye maƙarƙashiya a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ko a cikin ciyawa. Thearin haɓakar minks da ƙananan mazaunan gandun daji na Asiya na ginshiƙai - mice, voles, chipmunks, muskrats, squirrels, tsuntsaye, kwaɗi. Minks da ginshiƙai manoma ne na kwarai: bayan sun kalli kifin daga bakin, sai su nutse a ƙarƙashinsa don ruwa. A cikin hunturu, kifi shine babban abincin su.

Weasel da ermine

Mafi ƙarancin abin da ke farauta da ɓarna kuma suna cikin aikin yan Kunya. Kansu ya fi girma a matsayin ƙuruciya, suna iya jimrewa da mice har ma da zomaye. Wadanda abin ya shafa basu da hanyar kubuta daga masu zafin balaguron da suka harba cikin mawuyacin halin su. Tanadi ɓarnataka, ɓarna da weasels suna kiyaye amfanin gona. Samun ɗaya daga cikin ean abubuwan tsinkaye na ƙananan ƙasa, weasels da ermines basu haɗu a kusa. Weasels suna zaune ne kawai a kudu ta gaɓar ermines, duk da cewa ba su dace da yanayin dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara ba: jinsunan biyu suna da Jawo mai mahimmanci, launin ruwan hoda a lokacin rani da fari a cikin hunturu.

Sauran wakilan magabata na asali

Badger zuma badger

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Amurka ba ta da kyau

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Burmese ferret badger

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Maraba da hausa

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Kayan alade

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Retararren ƙafa mai baƙi

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Tashan daji

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Otter

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Otter mai sanyi

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Sumatran Otter

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Otter Mai Sanyi

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Babban otter

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Canadianan asalin Kanada

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Tekun otter

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Baƙon Indiya

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Otter ta Kudancin Amurka

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Kalaman Mara Aiki

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Otter na Afirka mara ma'ana

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Cat otter

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Wolverine

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Miya

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Tekun otter

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Skunk

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Skanin skunk

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Patagonian skunk

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Farar fata

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Babban grisons

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Kananan grisons

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Tyra

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Zorilla

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Harza

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Ilka

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Teledu

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Tyra da Grisons

A cikin wurare masu zafi na Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, manyan martens suna rayuwa - tyra da grisons. Tyra yana gudana da sauri, cikin hikima ya hau bishiyoyi kuma yayi iyo sosai. Ganimarsa ta fi ta katako na katako guda zaune. Tyra tana cin abinci a kan manyan ƙwayoyin tsoratarwa, squirrels da mallakar mallaka (marsupials itace), kuma tana iya kayar da ƙaramin barewa, masamu. Gidan kurkuku ya fi ƙasa da tyra - yana da jiki mai tsayi da sassauƙa tare da gajerun kafafu. Ya yi farauta a cikin ƙasa kuma yana zaune a cikin ramuka.

Ferret

Ferrets suna kusa da martens da minks. A ferret da mink na iya ƙirƙirar dangi, kuma za a haife cubasan lafiya daga garesu, giciye tsakanin ferret da mink ana kiranta sharafiki. Ana samun katuwar gandun daji a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasarmu: a gefunan daji, kusa da koguna har ma a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni. Sukan ɓoye cikin tsiron bishiyoyi da suka faɗi, a ƙarƙashin tushe, a cikin ramuka na mutane, suna zazzauna a sito, kayan kwalliya, cikin katako, a cikin buɗaɗɗe.

A baya can, lokacin da kuliyoyi a Rasha suke neman son abinci, makiyaya suna rike da goge a gida domin su lalata beraye da berayen. A cikin kudanci, babban takwaransa, mai ɗaukar tsayin daka, yana ɗaukar mawaƙa na gandun daji. Wannan dabba ce mai mahimmanci da ke da jan gashi, amma mutane, sun bayar da gudummawarsu ga kisan gwanayen dabbobi, suna da iyakokin farauta. A cikin shingen Amurka, ana samun keɓaɓɓu, baƙaƙen ƙafafun baƙi. Sun farautar karnukan makiyaya - tsokoki masu kama da masu zane. Amma manoma, da murƙushe karnukan makiyaya, suna tursasa su da kuma baƙi. Yanzu ana ɗaukar su cikin bauta.

Namiji ba ya yin adalci ga mai yin sa: wannan dabba tana da fa'ida fiye da lahani, saboda babban abin da ta mallaka shine voles da bera. Kwayoyin cutarwa ba wai kawai suna cin hatsi bane a cikin filayen, amma kuma suna yin ajiyar ga hunturu ta hanyar girka har zuwa rabin kilogram na tsaba a cikin kayan kwalliyar ƙasa. Feraya daga cikin ɓarkewar farauta a filin yana kashe ƙwanni 10 - 10 a rana, ta haka ya ɓoye kimanin tan na hatsi a bazara.

Skunk

Skunks suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Amurka, kwari da hamada. Suna kama da ferrets, amma suna da alaƙa da masu ba. Yayin rana, ana zubar da daskararru a cikin ɓoye da ɓoye, kuma da dare sukan kama kwari, beraye, ƙwari, wasu ƙananan halittu masu rai, suna neman 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri, a ƙauyukan da suke ci da sharar gida. Idan akwai haɗari, ƙwanƙolin shunk ɗin ya aske gashinta, ya juya zuwa ga mai laifin kuma ya ɗaga wutsiyarsa. Idan barazanar ba ta yi aiki ba, skunk ya hau kan gaban ta, yana ɗaga jakinsa, ya kuma jefa abokan hamayya da yawa. Jaƙar fari mai haske da fari daga nesa suna faɗakar da masu farautar: "Kada ku taɓa ni, ni mai sihiri ne!" Takaftu masu tsinkaye da tsinkaye suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka, yayin da skunk Patagonian ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Skunks wanda ke zaune a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi ya fada cikin rashin lokacin sanyi, yana tara dabbobi da yawa a rami ɗaya.

Miya, weasel na Afirka da Zorilla sun fi kusancin bakin ruwa bisa ga tsarin haraji, amma sun yi kama da tufka da warwara. Bambancin canza launi yayi kashedi ga magabatan game da iyawar su na kare kansu ta hanyar harbi ruwa mai saurin fitarwa. Wadannan mafarautan don jerboas, kukan ƙasa, hamsters da sauran ƙananan dabbobi suna zaune a cikin ƙauyuka da hamada: miya - a kudu na Eurasia, weasel na Afirka da zorilla - a cikin Afirka.

Ferrets da dabbar skuƙaɗan dabbobi ne. Domin kada ya zama ganima na manyan mahara, sun zaɓi ainihin hanyar tsaro: don tursasa sha'awar guguwar maƙiya daga maƙiya. Ferrets kawai yana fitar da wani ruwa mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi a cikin gland wuts, kuma skunks na iya harba jet na wannan ƙyallen da ƙwanƙwasawar fuskar cikin mawuyacin hali har zuwa 3 m away.The makiya da makantar da makanta za su tuna da haɗuwa da ƙyamar har abada kuma za su ci gaba da guje shi.Ta hanyar cire glandar "smelly", za'a iya kiyaye skunk kamar dabbobi.

Kammalawa

Yawancin coons suna da tsoka mai tsayi, gajerun kafafu da ƙarfi, kauri mai kauri tare da karamin kai da haɓaka ƙoshin gland. Yatsun yatsa biyar a kowane kafa yana bayar da kaifi mai kaifi, mara saurin juyawa. Duk da cewa Marten da carnivores, wasu daga cikinsu suna cin ciyayi, akasari 'ya'yan itace ko berries.

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Fanarfin fango mai kaɗa da motsi da premolars suna taimaka wa tauna a kan crustaceans, mollusks da kifi.

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Dangantakar tsakanin mace da namiji a lokacin yin canjin dan gajere ne. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yakan fara faruwa ne a lokacin bazara, kuma a yawancin jinsuna, an sami yaduwar kwaro yayin copulation. Mace suna renon yara matasa su kaɗai.

(Eira barbara)

Tires suna zaune a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Yankunan su ya tashi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa Paraguay da arewacin Argentina. Babban mazauninsu shine farkon gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.

Tayafin ya kai tsawo daga 56 zuwa 68 cm, wanda akan ƙara 38 zuwa 47 cm tsawon wutsiya. Girman waɗannan dabbobin ya kai kilogiram 4 zuwa 5.

Suna aiki da yawa a cikin dare kuma ana samun su duka a ƙasa da kan bishiyoyi. Suna hawa da kyau kuma sun sami damar shawo kan nisa ta hanyar tsalle. Su kuma masu iyo ne sosai. Don zaman lafiya, suna gina shinge na kansu a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi ko kuma suna amfani da ginin da waɗansu dabbobi suka yi watsi da su. Wani lokaci sukan ɓoye cikin ciyawa masu tsayi.

Akwai bayanai iri-iri game da yanayin zamantakewar Taya. An haɗu da biyu ɗaya da biyu-biyu ko kuma a cikin ƙararun ƙungiyoyi. Tayaye abu ne na omnivores, amma mafi yawan abincinsu ƙanana ne masu shayarwa. Suna cin naman dabbobi, kamar su chinchilla mai tsada, a kan ƙanana ko ƙananan mases. Ganyen su ya hada da tsuntsayen, dabbobi, da son cin 'ya'yan itace.

A ƙarshen haihuwa, har zuwa kwanaki 70, mace na haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu. A wata na biyu na rayuwa, suna buɗe idanunsu kuma suna kaudawa daga madara ƙarƙashin shekara uku. A cikin bauta, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18.

(Galictis vittata)

An rarraba shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka (Bolivia, Arewacin Argentina, kudancin Brazil).

Ya kai tsawon 48 zuwa 55 cm da nauyin 1.4 zuwa 3.3.

Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji mai zurfi da sakandare, duka mai fadi da kuma tsaunuka, a cikin gandun daji na daji, savannahs, tsirrai da filayen noman shinkafa. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su kusa da koguna, koguna da ciyayin, a tsawan tsawan zuwa sama da 1,500 a saman matakin teku.

Ba a fahimtar abincin ganyayyaki da kyau - an san cewa suna cin ƙananan dabbobin, yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsayen, a cikin yankunan karkara a wasu lokuta suna kai hari kaji. Ta hanyar bincika abubuwan da ke cikin ciki na grisons daga sassa daban-daban na kewayon, sun sami damar ƙayyade adadin abincin su: ƙwayoyin rana (berayen fata), beraye, amyves, doves masu tsayi, gwanayen Arewacin Amurka, mocha (Guinea aladu), amphibians (har ma da karin aga). A cikin Panama, grisons suna cin abinci kamaruti, eel (fusion) da haracin.

A cikin neman abinci, dabbobi kan yi tafiyar mil da yawa a rana, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin wuraren hutawa yau da kullun ya kai kilomita 2-3. Grisons yana tafiya da sauri tare da hanyar zigzag, yana karkatarwa zuwa gefe daga layin balaguro zuwa mita 1-2. Motsi ko da mafi girman gudu, ba za su taɓa yin garaje ba. Nazarin abubuwa marasa sani waɗanda ke nesa, suna tafiya a hankali suna motsawa, a hankali suna matsa ciki a ƙasa, kamar suna tura kansu gaba da ƙafafun kafaɗunsu. Duk wani abin fashewa da ya same shi a kan hanya, voids a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin kututtukan bishiyoyi ba su kewaye da hankalinsu ba. Don hutawa ta rana, wasu lokutan sukanyi jingina a cikin wasu abubuwanda aka watsar

Grisons dabbobi ne na rana, amma kuma suna aiki da dare. Da tsakar rana, dabbobi suna hutawa na awanni da dama (har zuwa 4-5). Mining sau da yawa mallakar gida ne, inda ake ci. An rarrabe baƙin ciki ta ƙarfin hali da kuma zubar da jini. Suna kusa da gidajen mutane, suna haifar da babbar illa ga yawan wuraren kiwon kaji.Suna kashe beraye da sauran ganima tare da saurin cizo a bayan wuyan. Dabbobin suna da kyakkyawar wari, amma hangen nesa bashi da kyau. Waɗannan ƙwararrun masu iyo ne, masu nutsewa da kyau.

Asirin da aka yi ta hanyar gland wanda yake kusa da dubura, yana da ƙanshin musky na musamman, duk da cewa ba mai daɗi kamar na sauran martens ba. Larararrawa masu sautin haske sun yi tsalle zuwa gefe, su haɗa gashin a kan wutsiya, sannan kuma fito da wani ɓoyayyen sirri na glandon anal. Tare da rafi mai rauni, zasu iya doke daidai isa don manufa da aka ƙaddara.

Grisons dabbobi ne na zamantakewa. Suna farauta ne kawai a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a cikin kungiyoyin dangi. Wani lokaci akwai lokuta idan dabbobi da yawa suna wasa tare. Mafarautan farauta sun mamaye wani yanki mai nisan kusan kilomita 4.2 domin mata masu aikin jinya, kuma yawan mutanenta yakai kimanin 1-2 2.4 mutane / km 2. Grisons yayi alama da yankin su tare da ɓoyewa daga gland na musk, yana shafa tushen wutsiya akan abubuwa daban-daban.

Sake bugun yana faruwa ne a duk shekara. Kafin ta haihu, mace ta sanya kogo a cikin kogo, kogo ko kuma a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, wani lokacin don wannan dalilin mace tana amfani da mayukan armadillos da aka watsar. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 39-40. Mace tana haihuwar cubaya 1 zuwa 4 (matsakaita 2), waɗanda idanunsu rufe. An kuyafa masu nauyi sunyi nauyi kimanin gram 50. Idanun sun buɗe bayan kwanaki 14, kuma makonni 3 matasa za su iya cin nama. Ppan kuyai masu cikakken zama sun sami yanci yayin da suka kai watanni 4. A wannan zamani, gaminar matsi a cikin grisons matasa suna da aiki.

(Galictis cuja)

Tana zaune a tsakiyar da kuma Kudancin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Kudancin Kudancin, Paraguay, kuma daga Tsakiya ta Tsakiya kewayon zuwa kudu zuwa lardin Chubuta na Argentine).

Tsawon karamin gidan yari daga 28 zuwa 51 cm, kuma nauyin yana daga kilogram 1.0 zuwa 2.5.

Ya fi son yankuna da yawa: yankuna mara ruwa na Chaco, da yankuna tare da ciyayi masu yawa tare da jikkunan ruwa daban-daban. Yawancin nau'ikan mazaunin mazauna sune dazuzzuka masu dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka, shrouds da wuraren tsaunuka (har zuwa 4000 m sama da matakin teku).

Abincin ya hada da ƙananan dabbobi masu yawa: rodents, tsuntsaye (toadstools, terns, da dai sauransu) da ƙwaiyensu, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, invertebrates, 'ya'yan itacen wasu tsire-tsire, wani lokacin suna ɗaukar kaji. A wuraren karin yabo na zomo na Turai (Oryctolagus cuniculus), ya zama tushen abincin abinci na grisons.

Ganan grisons suna aiki dare da rana. Garkunan da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta sosai: bishiyoyi mara nauyi, mahaɗan dutse, tarin duwatsun dutse, burrows na wasu dabbobi ko rami a tushen bishiyoyi. Yana faruwa mutane huɗu ko biyar suka mamaye rami ɗaya. Maimakon yin tono ko yin iyo, ƙwayoyin ma'abotan an daidaita su don gudu da hawa - soles sun zama baƙaƙen kuma manyan yatsunsu masu girma suna girma a yatsunsu.

Don sadarwa ta zamani, dabbobi kan yi amfani da dumu dumu dumu da sauti mai ma'ana. Sadarwar tarbiya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa tsakanin ma'aurata, masu fafatawa, uwaye da zuriyarsu. Ellsamshi, godiya ga wadatattun glandons, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sadarwa na grisons. Dandalin anal na ɓoye ƙanshi mai daɗi kawai idan dabbar tana da daɗin rai.

Ganan ƙananan grisons sun kasance dabbobi masu zaman kansu fiye da sauran nau'ikan marten; ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin rukuni na 2 ko fiye. Haka kuma, irin wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi, a matsayin mai na doka, na manya dabbobi da mata tare da samari.

A cikin lokacin mating, ma'aurata kan kirkira na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma bayan ma'aurata, maza zasu iya samar da sabon ma'aurata da wata mace. Bayan balaga, mace zata fara samar da tayi. Babu jinkiri a cikin ci gaban embryos. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 39-40. Mace ta haifi marayu 2-5, makafi da marayu tsirara a cikin rami ko kogo.

(Gulo gulo)

An rarrabu cikin taiga, daji-tundra kuma a cikin tundra na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. A Yammacin Turai, an kiyaye shi a arewacin yankin Scandinavia da kuma ƙasar Finland. A Rasha, iyakar iyakarta ta ratsa yankunan Leningrad da Vologda da Term Territory; Wolverine ta yaɗu a Siberiya. Daya daga cikin jihohin Amurka, Michigan, ana kiranta "Wolverine".

Jiki nauyi 9-18 kg, tsawon 70-86 cm, wutsiya tsawon 18-23 cm.

Wolverine ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi ne, mai hankali kuma a lokaci guda mai rikitarwa na dabba, yana jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya. Lokaci-lokaci, misali, kusa da babbar sashin, mutane da yawa zasu iya taruwa na ɗan lokaci. Garkuwar Wolverine ta zauna a ƙarƙashin tushen mai jujjuya, a cikin duwatsun kankara da sauran wuraren ɓoyewa, ana zuwa asuba don ciyarwa. Ba kamar yawancin shahidan da ke jagorantar tsarin rayuwa ba, Wolverine kullun tana yawo don nemo ganima a yankin ta, wanda ke da nisan mil 1,500 - 2000. Godiya ga paws mai ƙarfi, dogon falo da wutsiya, wanda ke taka rawar pendulum, Wolverine yana hawa bishiya cikin sauƙi. Tana da wahalar gani, amma tana da rauni sosai da ji da ji. Yana yin sautuna mai kama da yapping fox, amma mai ba da izini.

Wolverine mai iko ne duka. Tushen abincinta shine ragowar abincin dabbobi ga kyarketai da bears. Tana kuma son farin hares, da dazuzzuka (baƙar fata, baƙon haushi, da sauransu.) Kadan sau da yawa yakan farautar manyan ungulai, wadanda abin ya shafa sune yawanci matasa, rauni ko dabbobi marasa lafiya. Zai iya sake kama ganima daga wasu mafarautan (kyarkeci, lynx). Yawancin lokaci yakan lalatar da masu farauta da satar abubuwa daga tarko. A lokacin rani tana cin ƙwai na tsuntsu, ciyawar fari, berries da zuma. Ya kama kifi - a tsutsa ko lokacin shan iska, da kyar ya ɗauki kifin baƙar fata. Wolverine yana da amfani azaman magani, lalata dabbobi.

Wolverine dabba ce mai jinkirin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tana tsare ganima cikin farauta, ta ɓoye ta hanya, hawa kwari, ko hau kan ƙananan bishiyoyi ba zato ba tsammani suna gudu zuwa dabba mai gabatowa. Yin tsalle a bayansu, Wolverine na iya cutar da raunuka masu rauni (musamman, ciji da carotid artery) zuwa barewa, shanu da munanan. Yana kama tsuntsayen, yana kama su a ƙasa lokacin da suke bacci ko kuma suna zaune a gida.

Dankatsin abubuwa yakan faru ne tsakanin watan Afrilun da Yuli. Namiji da mace sun tsaya tsawon wasu 'yan makonni. Eggan hadu da kwan, amma, ba ya fara rarraba nan da nan. Girma ciki na al'ada na fara ne bayan watanni 7-8, kuma bayan kimanin kwanaki 30-40 na samun juna biyu, mafi yawancin lokuta a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, a wuraren da mace ta haihu biyu zuwa hudu. Bayan makonni 4, suna buɗe idanunsu kuma suna ciyar da madarar uwarsu tsawon makonni 10. Sannan uwa ta basu abinci mai rabin digo. Bayan watanni 3, cuban sandunan sun zama manya, duk da haka, suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har tsawon shekaru 2.

(Ictonyx libyca)

Rarraba a Arewacin Afirka: Kudancin Najeriya, Sudan, Algeria, Chadi, Masar, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisiya, Yammacin Sahara.

Tsawon jikin - 20-28.5 cm, wutsiya 11-18 cm. Weight - 200-250 gr.

Tana zaune da shimfidar wurare masu zurfin gaske a kan iyaka tare da hamada. Misali, a Maroko, ana samun wadatattun weasels na arewacin Afirka a yankuna masu tsayi tare da ciyayi masu ƙanƙan da ƙasa mai yawa, har ma a cikin kwari.

Abincin ya hada da tsuntsaye, qwai, ƙananan ƙwayoyi da kuma amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe (lizards), invertebrates da kwari.

Yana jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, kuma tana amfani da ranar a cikin ramuka wanda ta tona kanta. Lokacin kiwo yana daga Janairu zuwa Maris.

(Ictonyx tsafi)

Rarraba a cikin Saharar Afirka: daga Senegal da Najeriya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.

Tsayin Jikin 28.5-38.5 cm, wutsiya 20.5-30 cm nauyin nauyin mace shine 596-880 g, maza 681-160 g.

Zorilla yawanci tana da yawancin wurare da yawa, kuma galibi suna zaune ne a cikin savannah da filayen buɗewa. Guji daskararren gandun daji.

Wannan irin abincin yana cin abinci ne a jikin kibiya kamar dabbobin, hares, manyan kwari, wasu lokuta ƙwai tsuntsu, macizai da sauran dabbobi. A cikin yunwar, tana iya cin abinci.

Yana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, lokaci-lokaci ana iya ganinta a faɗuwar rana ko lokacin alfijir kafin ta ɓoye rami. Domin wata rana dabbar tana neman mafaka a cikin ramuka da kansa, lokaci-lokaci a cikin ramuka na kankara, a cikin buhunan tuddai, tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi har ma da gidaje. Wasu lokuta kanyi amfani da wasu sifofin da aka watsar da wasu dabbobi.Musamman ma galibi ana samun dabbobi a wuraren kiwo na dabi'a inda ɓarnar unguwa da wuraren kiwo na gida. Wadannan dabbobin suna tsoratar da wasu kwari iri daya da ke boye a cikin ciyawa, wanda hakan ya baiwa Zorillas damar kamawa da cin kwari, da orthoptera, da sauran kwari da tsirrai. A nan, a cikin wuraren kiwo, inda akwai wadataccen taki, wanda ke samar da ciyawar ƙwararrun ƙwaro, ana lura da mafi girman yawan zorillas.

Kasancewa a cikin fili, dabbobi suna yin tsayawa akai-akai ko kuma jujjuya abubuwa a cikin motsi, da sauri suna gudana daga wuri zuwa wuri. Wadannan canje-canje na shugabanci na motsi kusan lokaci daya ne. Wataƙila irin waɗannan hanyoyin taimaka wajan kawo hari daga kowane maƙiya, musamman ma maƙwabta waɗanda ke da baƙar fata, saboda rashin yiwuwar niyya jefa daga gefen su.

Lokacin da kare ko wata abokiyar gaba ta bayyana, zorilla tana lalata gashi, ta haɓaka wutsiyarta, sannan kuma ta buɗe asirin musky mai ƙamshi na glandon ductal. Asirinta na sirrin Zorilla, kamar skunk, na iya “harbi” kan nesa mai nisa. Kodayake warin asirinsu ba “mai ƙanshi” ba ne kuma yana da kyau kamar na skunk na ɗan Amurkan, duk da haka ba shi da daɗi da daɗewa. Lokacin da ƙaƙƙarfan abokin gaba ya kawo hari Zorilla, za ta iya yin kamar ta mutu idan babu inda za ta gudu.

Yana jagorantar rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Ba a fahimtar aure. Maza koyaushe suna yin faɗa da juna. Maza da mata suna jure wa juna kawai a lokacin balaga. Mating na iya wuce minti 60-100. Mace na haihuwar zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya a kowace kakar, amma idan duk jariran sun mutu da ƙuruciya, macen zata iya haihuwar zuriya ta biyu kafin ƙarshen lokacin kiwo. Ciki yakan kai kimanin kwanaki 36-37. A cikin rami, mace tana haihuwar cuban marayu, yawanci 2-3. Ppwararrun ppan kwikwiyo a lokacin haihuwa shine 12-15 g. Hakora masu hazaka a cikin matasa sun bayyana a ranar 33, idanu buɗe tsawon kwanaki 40. Lactation yana zuwa watanni 4-5, kodayake matasa Zorillas sun fara farauta kuma suna iya kashe ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi tun yana ɗan makonni tara.

(Lyncodon patagonicus)

An rarraba shi a filayen Pampa a yankinsa tare da ƙasa mai haske.

Tsayin Jikin - 30-35 cm, 9 cm a kowane wutsiya .. nauyi a kan matsakaici 225 g.

Weasel na Patagonian shine naman da ke cin ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta: tuco-tuco (Ctenomys) da aladu na dutse (Microcavia).

Yana aiki a maraice da daddare. Kowane ɗayan namiji yana rufe ɓangarori da yawa na mace. Kwayoyin paraanal ba su da haɓaka sosai, yayin kariya (ana ɓoye su) ba sa amfani da su, amma yana tayar da suttura a wuyan a ƙarshe. Yana jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya, ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i kawai na tsawon lokacin kiwo.

Har yanzu, kusan ba a san komai game da yaduwar weasels na Patagonian ba. An sani cewa kawai mace ce ke kula da zuriyar.

(Poecilogale albinucha)

Aka rarraba a Afirka ta Kudu da Tsakiyar Afirka a cikin hamada Sahara.

25-36 cm fadi a kai da jiki, 13-23 cm a kan wutsiya .. Yawan maza ne 28.3-38 g, kuma mace ne 23-29 g.

Tana zaune a cikin halittu iri daban daban (filaye, gandun daji, fadama, savannas, hamada) har zuwa 2200 m sama da matakin teku.

Abubuwan cin abinci na weasel na Afirka sun haɗa da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (ƙwaƙƙwaran - berayen bebaye da yawa na Afirka, tsintsiyar kwari, berayen pygmy), shrus, tsuntsaye (sparrows, kurciya), dabbobi masu rarrafe (macizai), kwari da tsutsa. Weasel yana cin abinci har kashi 13% na nauyin jiki a rana, kuma mace yayin ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo zuwa 25%. Rodanan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da tsuntsaye sun fara ci daga kai. Ba a cinye fata daga ciki, kai, gefan da wutsiyar babban abincin.

Yana haifar da rashin wayewa da rayuwar rayuwa, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau. Yana amfani da burrows azaman mafaka, wanda yake tono kanta ko yayi amfani da burrows na rodents ko moursite moite. Burrows burrows tare da gaban paws, da hind tura ƙasa baya. Don shakatawa, wani lokacin yana amfani da allunan rami ko rami a cikin duwatsu da kankara. Weasel yana aiki tsawon shekara kuma yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a cikin rami, ya rage shi don farauta. Yayin farauta yana amfani da ma'anar ƙamshi, da hangen nesa don faɗakarwa sarari.

Yana kwance daga dutsen, ya tafi tare da hancinsa binne a ƙasa, yana ɗaukar bayansa yayin da wutsiyar take ɗauka a kwance.Sakamakon tsayin dakarsa da gajerun kafafun sa, yana iya bin macijin dama a cikin burƙansu. Weasel baya cin ganima a wuri, amma yana ɗaukar wa kansa rami a cikin rami. An adana ɓangaren abubuwan samarwa a cikin alkuki, wanda aka sanye shi daidai a cikin rami. A rodent cizo a baya na shugaban, sa'an nan kuma mirgine tare da abin da ganima a kusa da axis kuma hits shi da gaban paws. Tsuntsaye suna kashewa tare da cizo a kai, ba tare da amfani da paws ba. Matan sun ciji babbar abincin da makogwaro.

Ganyen gwaiba na haɓaka da kyau, asirin da ake amfani dashi don kare shi daga magabatansu. Tare da tsoro wanda ba tsammani, matattarar Afirka na iya tsalle da ƙarfi, yayin da gashin kan wutsiyarta ya ƙare. Lokacin da maharbi ke bi shi, yakan hau zuwa bishiyoyi ko ɓoyewa, idan babu abin da ya dace, to weasel yana fitar da rabin-girma, rabin-yell, idan wannan bai taimaka ba, yana fitar da sirrin ɓoyewa daga glandan ductal (zuwa cikin 1 m).

Weasel na Afirika galibin dabba dabba ce, amma akwai nau'i-nau'i da ƙananan kungiyoyi. Mating tayi tsawon minti 60-80, ana iya yin mating guda uku a rana. Mace tana haihuwar zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya a shekara. Idan zuriyar dabbobi ta farko ta mutu saboda wasu dalilai, matan ma'aurata a karo na biyu. Maza basa shiga cikin renon yara. Idan gida tare da sanduna yana da damuwa, mace zata kwashe 'yar tsana, ta rike su da wuyan wuyan wuyan. Ciki: yana kwana 30-33. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi yawanci 2-3 tsirara makaho masu tsini masu nauyin 4 grams. Idanu a bude a mako 7. Haushi ya fashe da kwanaki 35. Lactation yana zuwa makwanni 11 (a wannan zamani matasa masu nauyin 50), a sati 13 13an kwikwiyo sun fara kokarin farauta, kuma suka sami independentanci kai tsaye tun yana ɗan makonni 20.

(Martes americana)

Rarraba a cikin Kanada da arewacin Amurka.

Maza sun kai tsawon 75 cm zuwa 1 m, nauyi daga 3250 g zuwa 6500 g. Mace sun kasance ƙarami, daga 50 cm zuwa 68 cm kuma nauyin daga 1850 zuwa 4000 g.

Tana zaune cikin gandun daji mai duhu duhu: bishiyoyin bishiyar bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi da sauran bishiyoyi. Gandun daji yana tsaye tare da cakuda bishiyoyi masu coniferous da deciduous, gami da farin Pine, Birch yellow, Maple, fir da spruce.

Abincin abincin marten Amurka ya haɗa da abinci da yawa: jan squirrels, zomaye, chipmunks, mice, filayen filayen filayen waje, kayan kwalliya da ƙwai, kifi, kwaro, kwari, zuma, namomin kaza, tsaba. Idan babu isasshen abinci, Marten zai iya cin kusan duk abin da ake ci, tare da abinci da kayan lambu.

Mafi yawan dabbobi ne masu shayarwa, amma kuma yana aiki ne a cikin magariba (safe da maraice), kuma galibi a rana. Marten yana da matukar tsufa - yana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe ta cikin bishiyoyi, lura da hanyoyin motsi ta hanyar kamshin sa. Yana farauta ne kawai. Da kyau ya dace don hawa bishiyoyi, inda a cikin dare yakan kama squirrels a nests. Yana kashe wanda aka azabtar da shi da cizo a bayan sa, yana karya kashin mahaifa da lalata igiyar kashin wanda aka kashe. A cikin hunturu, Martens yakan rami ta hanyar rami a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara don neman ƙyalli kamar ƙwayau.

Ganyen wari na ciki da na ciki suna da kyau kuma halayen dukkan mambobi ne na dangin marten.

Martens suna da abinci mai kyau, suna da sha'awa sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu lokuta sukan shiga matsala, alal misali, fada cikin tarko da tarkuna daban-daban.

Maza martan Amurka masu martaba ƙasa ne: suna kiyaye yankinsu. Dabbobi suna zaga ƙasarsu a kowane kwana 8-10. Ko maza ko mace basa jure wa baƙon jinsi ɗaya a ƙasarsu, kuma suna nuna halin mu'amala da su. Girman tsarin kowane mutum bashi da tsayayye kuma ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: girman dabba, yawan abinci, kasancewar bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, da dai sauransu. Alamar dabbobi ta nuna cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna rayuwa, yayin da wasu ke ƙaura (galibi matasa dabbobi).

Maza da mata suna saduwa da juna kawai na watanni biyu - Yuli da Agusta, lokacin da tseren ya faru, sauran lokacin da suke jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Namiji da mace suna neman juna ta hanyar taimakon ƙoshin ƙanshi wanda glandar mata take barwa. Bayan daskarewa, qwai da ke ciki ba su inganta ba nan da nan, amma suna cikin cikin mahaifa a huta don sauran watanni 6-7. Cutar ciki bayan latent wani watanni 2.Namiji baya cikin koshin lafiya. Don haihuwa, mace tana shirya gida, wadda aka yi layi tare da ciyawa da sauran kayan shuka. A gida is located in m itatuwa, rajistan ayyukan ko wasu voids.

Cutar ciki tayi tsawon kwana 267. Mace ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 7 (3-4 akan matsakaita). An puan kukoran makafi ne makafi da kurma, masu nauyin 25-30 g. Kunnuwa suna buɗewa a ranar 26, da idanu bayan 39. Lactation yana zuwa watanni 2. A watanni 3-4, 'yan kwikwiyo na iya samun abincin kansu.

(Martes flavigula)

Babban sashi na layin charza ya ƙunshi Manyan tsibiran Sunda, da Tsibirin Malay, Indochina, gandunan Himalayas, China da Koriya ta Koriya. Wurin da keɓaɓɓe keɓaɓɓun wuri yana cikin kudu na yankin ƙasashen Indiya. A Rasha, ana samunsa a Yankin Amur, a cikin kwarin Kogin Ussuri da kuma cikin Sikhote Alin.

Tsawon jiki 55-80 cm, wutsiya 35-44 cm, nauyinsa ya kai kilo 5,7.

Kharza wani irin salo ne irin na dabbobi masu rarrafe da gandun daji. Ya zaɓi ya zauna a kan tsaunin tuddai da bakin koguna. A cikin Burma, yana zaune a fadama, kuma a cikin Pakistan - a cikin hamada, tsaunukan da babu itace. Yana kula da yafi akan ƙasa, dukda cewa yana hawa kyawawan bishiyoyi. Yana gudana da sauri, kuma tsalle daga itace zuwa itace, yana yin tsalle-tsalle har zuwa m 4. Yawancin lokaci yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar nomadic.

Kharza yana daya daga cikin masu karfin fada a ji na Ussuri taiga. Yana ciyar da jijiyoyi (squirrels, mice, chipmunks), ciyawa, mollusks, hares, da tsuntsaye (hazel grouse, pheasants). Har ila yau, yana kai hari ga matasa ungulates - boar daji, deer na Manchurian, Elk, deer, deer, da gorel. Sau da yawa suna kai hari ga karnukan karnuka, masu magana da sabulu. Berries da kwaro na Pine ana cinyewa a adadi kaɗan, ana bi da su ga kudan zuma. Amma abin da aka fi so daga cikin Kharza shi ne naman musk.

Ba kamar sauran martens ba, a cikin hunturu, charza zai iya farauta cikin rukuni na mutane 3-5. Dabbobi suna juya suna kamawa, ko kuma wasu su kore shi, yayin da wasu suke jira. Yayin farautar dila na musk, harza ma tana amfani da wannan dabarar: tana tuki wanda aka azabtar akan kogin daskararre ko tafkin, inda mashin ya yi birgima a kan kankara kuma zai iya faɗuwa. A cikin neman abin farauta, charza sa sautuna masu kama da abubuwa masu fashewa, wanda a fili yake daidaita ayyukan su. Da bazara, kungiyar farauta ke tashi. Harza fara farauta shi kaɗai, da daddare a kewaya rumfa tana tsare, kuma a lokacin rana - a manyan duwatsun, inda ake yayyafa ƙungiya da sauran ƙananan mazaunan taiga.

Babu abokan halitta da yawa, yawancin charzas suna rayuwa har zuwa tsufa. Sau ɗaya cikin bauta, musamman ƙarami, charza zai zama sananne ga mutum kuma yakan zama mai ɗaukar nauyi.

Tuki daga Harz a ƙarshen bazara (a watan Agusta). Cutar ciki tana kwana 120. A cikin litter 2-5 cubs. Yaran sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa lokacin bazara, suna koyo daga dabarun farauta. Bayan sun bar mahaifiyarsu, matasa har yanzu suna farauta tare na ɗan lokaci.

(Martina foina)

Yana zaune yawancin Eurasia. Yankin rarraba shi yana daga yankin Iberian Peninsula zuwa Mongolia da Himalayas.

Wadannan dabbobin sun isa tsawon jiki na 40 zuwa 55 cm kuma tsawon wutsiya mai tsawon 22 zuwa cm 8. Matsayin nauyin marten dutse ya kai kilogiram 1.1 zuwa 2.3.

Martens dutse suna aiki da yawa a cikin dare, kuma yayin da suke ɓoye a cikin mafaka. Mazaunin dabi'a a gare su sune muryoyin duwatsu, tarin duwatsun da aka watsar da sauran dabbobin (martinan dutse da kansu ba sa ginawa da tono su). Kusa da ƙauyuka, ana yin amfani da martens dutse don wannan kayan ɗoraƙi ko sitti. Buƙatun furanni suna da layi tare da gashi, fuka-fukai ko kayan shuka. A dare, martens dutse suna neman ganima, suna motsi da shi galibi a ƙasa. Kodayake marten dutse na iya hawa bishiyoyi da kyau, da wuya ta yi shi.

Kamar yawancin martens, martens dutse suna jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya kuma ku guji hulɗa da danginsu a waje da lokacin matsewa. Kowane mutum yana da yanki wanda yake alama da wani sirri na musamman kuma yana kare shi daga wasu abubuwan jituwa na jima'i. Yankin irin wannan kewayon zai iya canzawa, amma a matsayin mai mulkin ya zama mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da na pine marten.Yana iya kasancewa daga hekta 12 zuwa 210 kuma ya dogara, a tsakanin al'aura, (maza suna da mazauna da yawa fiye da mace), lokacin shekara (ƙananan mazauna a cikin hunturu fiye da lokacin bazara) da kasancewar ganima a ciki.

Martens dutse sune omnivores waɗanda suke cin nama da farko. Sukan yi farauta a kan kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (alal misali, beraye ko zomaye), tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, kwaro, kwari da sauransu. A lokacin rani, wani muhimmin sashi na abincinsu shine abincin shuka, wanda ya haɗa da berries da 'ya'yan itace. Wani lokacin martens dutse dutse shiga cikin hen gidaje ko tattabara gidaje. Tsoron jefa tsuntsayen yana haifar da rashin nutsuwa a cikinsu, yana tilasta musu su kashe duk wani abin da ya kama, koda kuwa adadin sa ya wuce abin da suke iya ci.

Dabbar ta hanyar canjin na faruwa ne a watannin bazara daga watan Yuni zuwa Agusta, amma saboda kiyayewar zuriya a jikin mace, an haifi zuriya ne kawai a cikin bazara (daga Maris zuwa Afrilu). Don haka, watanni takwas ke wuce tsakanin ma'aurata da haihuwa, yayin da ciki da kanta yakan ɗauki wata ɗaya kawai. A wani lokaci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana haihuwar sa threean uku ko hudu, waɗanda a farkon makafi ne kuma tsirara. Bayan wata daya, sai su fara bude idanunsu, bayan wata guda sai suka yaye daga abincin madara, kuma a cikin kaka sun sami 'yanci. Balaga tana faruwa tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 27. Matsakaicin rayuwar da ake tsammani a cikin daji shine shekaru uku, mutane mafi nasara sunyi rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma. A cikin bauta, masu martin dutse suna tsufa sosai kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18.

(Martes shahidai)

Aka rarraba kusan Turai. Yankunan su ya tashi daga tsibiran Burtaniya zuwa Yammacin Siberiya da kuma kudu daga Rum har zuwa Caucasus da Elburz. Ba su cikin Iceland da arewacin Scandinavia da wani ɓangaren ofasar Iberian Peninsula. Mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin sune gandun daji, da farko ingantacce ne kuma gauraye. A cikin tsaunukan tuddai an same shi zuwa tsaunuka waɗanda bishiyoyi har yanzu suke girma.

Tsawon jiki daga 45 zuwa 58 cm, tsawon wutsiya daga 16 zuwa 28 cm, kuma nauyin daga 0.8 zuwa 1.8 kg.

Martens daji sun fi mazaunan bishiyoyi girma fiye da sauran nau'ikan Martens. Sun san yadda za su hau da tsalle-tsalle masu kyau, yayin da suka shawo kan nesa zuwa mita 4. Lokacin da suke hawa, suna iya juyawa ƙafafunsu 180 °. An kirkiro gine-gine a yankin su, galibi a cikin rami, ko kuma suna amfani da ginin barikin mutane, da kuma tsuntsayen ganima. An cire su zuwa waɗannan gine-ginen don hutawa da rana, da maraice kuma da dare sukan tafi neman ganima.

Martens dabbobi ne wadanda ke da yanayin yankuna, suna masu alamar yankin su tare da taimakon rufin asirin da ke tattare da cutar glandon gland. Suna kare iyakokin iyakar su daga daidaitattun dangi, amma jeri na maza da mata galibi suna shiga tsakani. Girman irin waɗannan jeri ya sha bamban sosai, ko da yake jigajigan maza ko da yaushe sun fi maza girma. Hakanan ana lura da bambance-bambance dangane da lokutan yanayi - a cikin hunturu, jigon mutane daban-daban sun kai 50% ƙasa da lokacin bazara.

Shafaffu masanan dabbobi ne, amma sun fi son ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (misali. Voles da squirrels), da tsuntsaye da ƙwaiƙansu. Kada ku raina shi, masu rarrafe, kwaɗi, katantanwa, kwari da buguwa. A cikin bazara, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries da kwayoyi na iya zama ɗayan abincinsu. Marten gandun daji ya kashe ganima tare da cizo a bayan kai. A ƙarshen damina da damina, tana tarawa kuma tana adana kayan abinci don lokacin sanyi.

Dabbar canji a cikin martens faruwa a tsakiyar bazara, amma ciki saboda kiyayewa iri a cikin jikin mace yana fara da yawa daga baya kuma ana haihuwar zuriya ne kawai a watan Afrilu. Haɓakarsu daidai yake da haɓakar cuban maraƙin dutse. Lokacin haihuwa, tsayin su shine cm 10 A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, yawancin lokuta cubs uku. A cikin makonni takwas na farko, sun ci gaba da zama a mazaunin iyayen, sannan kuma su fara hawa shi kuma suna bincika yankin. Bayan makonni goma sha shida, daga ƙarshe suka sami 'yanci, amma wani lokacin har zuwa bazara ta gaba har yanzu suna rakiyar mahaifiyarsu.A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, martin pine yana fara yin balaga, kodayake yawanci suna yin aure a karo na farko, a matsayin mai mulkin, a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin zaman talala ya kai shekara goma sha shida, amma a cikin daji, martan martani kaɗan ne suka girmi shekaru goma.

(Martes gwatkinsii)

Iyakar nau'in Marten da aka samo a Kudancin India. Yana zaune a kan tudun Nilgiriya da Western Ghats.

Wannan babban marten adalci ne, a cikin tsayi daga cm 55 zuwa 70. Tsawon wutsiya ya kasance daga 40 zuwa 45 cm, kuma nauyi daga kilo 2 zuwa 2.5.

Nilgirian marten dabba ce da ke farautar ƙaramar tsuntsaye, ƙwanƙwasa (tsuntsayen Indiya, ƙafar farin ƙafa), kwari (cicadas), dabbobi masu rarrafe (lizards, bengal Monitor lizards) da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (deer Asia).

Mai yiwuwa ya jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar yadda Duk dabbobin da aka samo an gansu daga 10 zuwa 14:30 na yamma. Yana yawan cin lokaci a kan bishiyoyi, amma ya yi farauta a ƙasa. An shirya filayen a kambi da rami na bishiyoyi masu tsayi (har zuwa 16 m), kusa da ruwa (60-90 cm). Yana nisantar gaban mutum.

(Martes melampus)

Masu ba da labari na Jafananci sun samo asali ne a kan manyan tsibirai guda uku na Kudancin Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Tsushima, da kuma Koriya. Don samun dama, an kawo su zuwa tsibiran Hokkaido da Sado. Matsayin ta na asali galibi gandun daji, amma wani lokacin ana samun su a wasu wuraren buɗe.

Tsawon jikin waɗannan dabbobin ya kai daga 47 zuwa 54 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya daga cm 17 zuwa 23. Maza sun fi maza yawa kuma suna nauyi a kan matsakaicin kilogiram 1.6, yayin da mace take kimanin kilogram 1.0.

Ba a san kaɗan game da salon rayuwar martens na Japan ba. Suna gina sheƙun buɗaɗɗe a cikin kaburbura, da kan bishiyoyi. A nan suke ɓoye da rana don su fita neman abinci da dare. Waɗannan dabbobi na ƙasa ne waɗanda ke alamar shafin su tare da asirin gland mai ƙanshi. Ban da lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, suna zaune shi kaɗai. Kamar yawancin martens, su dabbobi ne masu yawan iko waɗanda ke ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma wasu dabbobi masu zazzagewa kamar tsuntsaye da kwaro, da crustaceans, kwari, berries da tsaba.

Dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara a cikin Maris - Mayu; a watan Yuli - Agusta, macen ta fito da daga 1 zuwa biyar Bayan watanni 4, sun sami 'yanci.

(Martes zibellina)

A halin yanzu, ana samun sable a duk faɗin ƙasar ta Rasha daga Urals zuwa gabar tekun Pacific zuwa arewa zuwa iyakar ciyawar daji. Ya fi son taish duhu coniferous cluttered taiga, musamman likes kedrachi. Hakanan an samo shi a Japan, a tsibirin Hokkaido.

Tsawon jikin ɗan sandan ya kai har cm 90, wutsiya ya kai cm 20. nauyin maza 1 100-1 800 g, mace 900-1-1 500 g.

Mai halayyar mazaunin Siberian taiga. Agile kuma mai matukar karfi kaddara don girmanta. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa. Matsa cikin tsalle. Ra'ayoyi suna haɗuwa da manyan kwafi waɗanda suka yi girma a girma daga 5x7 zuwa 6x10 cm. Tsawon tsalle shine 30-70 cm. Yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau, amma baya “hawa” saman. Yana da ingantaccen ji da ƙanshi, ƙwayar gani tana da rauni. Muryar wata jita jita ce, kamar cat. Tana tafiya cikin sauƙi akan dusar ƙanƙara. Mafi yawan aiki da safe da maraice. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Pine, a saman ƙarshen kogunan tuddai, kusa da ƙasa - a cikin maɓuɓɓugar dwarf, tsakanin masu ɗaukar dutse, lokaci-lokaci yakan hau zuwa rawanin bishiyoyi.

Motsa kamar-dutsen beraye sun fi yawa a cikin abincin, galibi maɓallin jan (launin ja-launin toka a kudu). Gabashin Yenisei da kuma cikin tsaunukan Sayan, pika tana taka rawa sosai. Sau da yawa yakan ci furotin, yakan zama hares. Bayan kawar da dabbobin miliyoyi da yawa a yankin a cikin shekara guda, zai iya ci gaba da hana ci gabansa. Daga cikin tsuntsayen, sable galibi suna kai hare-hare kan kayan hazel groer da capercaillie, amma a gabaɗaya, tsuntsayen sune ƙananan abinci. Da son rai ake shuka abinci. Abincin da aka fi so - kwayan Pine, ash, dutse, blueberries. Cin berries na lingonberry, blueberry, ceri tsuntsu, fure hip, currant.

Sable yana aiki a maraice, da dare, amma sau da yawa farauta yayin rana. Wani shafin farauta na mutane na sable daga 150-200 ha zuwa 1500-2000 ha, wani lokacin ma.

Mazaunin mafaka a cikin manyan ramuka na bishiyoyi masu faɗi da na tsaye, a cikin wuraren ajiye dutse, a ƙarƙashin tushen sa.Tafiya cikin arewa a farkon rabin Mayu, a kudu a watan Afrilu. Dabbobi sun isa balaga tun suna shekaru biyu zuwa uku kuma sun girma zuwa shekaru 13-15. Jingina cikin Yuni - Yuli, ciki 250-290 kwana. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga toan tsana bakwai zuwa bakwai, yawanci 3-4. Shedding ya ƙare a tsakiyar Oktoba.

(Martes pennanti)

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka, tun daga tsaunin Sierra Nevada a California har zuwa Appalachians a West Virginia, ya fi dacewa ya tsaya ga gandun daji mai ban sha'awa tare da yalwar bishiyoyi. Yawancin bishiyoyi tari sun haɗa da fure, fir, itacen al'ul da wasu bishiyoyi masu rarrafe. A cikin hunturu, sau da yawa suna zama cikin burrows, wani lokacin ma su tono su a dusar ƙanƙara. Ilki nimily hau kan bishiyoyi, amma yawanci tafiya tare da ƙasa. Mai aiki a agogo. Jagoranci rayuwa mai kaɗaita.

Ilka shine ɗayan martens mafi girma: tsawon jikinta da wutsiya ya kai cm 75-120, nauyi shine kilo 2-5.

Abubuwan da aka fi so sune kayan katako na katako, har da mice, squirrels, farin hares, tsuntsaye da shrey. Ana cin ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kamar su apples. Ya bambanta da sunan, da wuya kaji kifi ya ci kifi. Masanin yana kama takarda daga masanin Ingilishi, wanda aka samo shi daga farant ɗin Faransa, ferret. Ilka da Sable na Amurka (Martes americana) sune kawai tsararraki masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi waɗanda zasu iya samun sauƙin farauta duka a cikin bishiyoyi da maɗaukaki.

Lokacin mating yana cikin ƙarshen hunturu - farkon bazara. Haihuwa tana da watanni 11-12, wanda 10 amsar tayi ba tayi. A cikin brood, akwai makafi har 5 da makafi kuma kusan kawuna tsirara. Kasance mai zaman kansa a 5 ga wata. Jim kadan bayan haihuwa, matan sun yi aure kuma suka sake yin juna biyu. Tsawon rayuwa ya kai shekaru 10.

(Vormela peregusna)

Tufafin ya zama ruwan dare a Gabashin Turai da Asiya. Adadinsu ya tashi daga yankin Balkan da yammacin Asiya (ban da yankin Larabawa) ban da kudu na Rasha da Asiya ta Tsakiya zuwa arewa maso yamma ta China da Mongolia. Tufafin suna zaune a busassun wuraren da babu bishiyoyi, kamar dawakai, jeji da jeji. Wasu lokuta ana samo su akan ciyawar piedmont plateaus. Wani lokaci, waɗannan dabbobin ma an lura da su a cikin tsaunuka, inda aka tabbatar da rarraba su har zuwa 3000 m. A zamanin yau, suttura da yawa suna zaune a cikin wuraren shakatawa, gonakin inabi, har ma a tsakanin mazaunan ɗan adam.

Tsawon jiki daga 29 zuwa 38 cm tare da wutsiya daga 15 zuwa 22 cm. Nauyin kayan adon manya daga 370 zuwa 730 g.

Rayuwar suturar miyagu tayi daidai da irin rayuwar da Mataki ke ɗauka. Suna yin aiki galibi a maraice ko da dare, a wasu lokutan suna farauta kuma da rana. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da ranar a cikin zanen ta, wanda aka haƙa kanta ko dai don kanta ko kuma aka karɓa daga wasu dabbobi. A waje da lokacin kiɗa, sutura suna zaune su kaɗai. Yankunan su na iya kutse, amma kusan babu wata faɗa tsakanin waɗannan dabbobi, saboda suna ƙoƙarin guje wa juna. Idan akwai haɗari, suturar ta tayar da gashin gashinta a ƙarshen kuma yana jagorantar wutsiyarsa mai saurin motsawa, wanda faɗakarwarsa yakamata, kamar ta skunks, ta tsoratar da abokan gaba. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, yin suttura daga glandar ƙwanƙwarar ku na iya fesa wani sirrin murmushin ƙanshi mara iska a cikin iska.

Tufafin suna yin farauta a ƙasa, inda a wasu lokuta kan tsaya akan ƙafafunsu don samun kyakkyawar hangen nesa game da ƙasa, da kuma akan bishiyoyi waɗanda zasu iya hawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, yakan farauta ne a jikin karkashin kasa ta wasu masarrafai, wanda a wasu lokuta ma yakan zauna. Abincinta ya hada da geraure, ingila, huɗun ƙasa, hamsters, da tsuntsaye, da ƙananan kwari da kwari.

Tsawan lokacin daukar ciki a suttura ya zuwa watanni goma sha daya, wanda saboda gaskiyar cewa kwai da ya hadu da farko “ya huta” kuma ba ya fara farawa. Lokaci guda, mace zata haihu daga daya zuwa takwas (matsakaita hudu ko biyar). Sune ƙanana da makafi, amma suna girma da sauri kuma bayan wata guda suka yaye daga madara. Mata suna haihuwar budurci tun yana dan wata uku, a cikin maza yana fitowa yana da shekara daya.Ba a san ƙarami game da doguwar riguna ba, amma suna zaune cikin bauta na kusan shekara tara.

(Mustela lutreola)

An rarraba shi a Turai (Russia, Gabashin Jamus, Hungary, Romania, Switzerland, South-West Faransa, Karelia, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Caucasus).

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 28-40 cm, wutsiya shine cm 12-20. Girman jikin mutum shine 550-800 g.

Akwai matsuguni a bakin rafin koguna, koguna da tafkuna. Da wuya a tashi daga gabar tafki fiye da m 200. Mahalli waɗanda aka fi so sune gandun daji da suka cika girma, gandun daji da koguna, tsoffin mata da ƙananan tafkuna. Yana guje wa buɗe shimfiɗa tare da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi. A cikin shinge yana zaune a cikin shimfidar ruwa da kuma tsakanin raƙuman ruwa na reeds a kan manyan koguna.

Tushen abincin shine ƙananan kifi (minnows, char, sculpin, ƙananan burbots), waɗanda suke cikin hikima a hankali suna bin ruwa. Har ila yau, tana kama da berayen ruwa, ƙwayau-kamar maɓuɓɓuka, mollusks, crayfish, macizai, kwaɗi da tsuntsaye.

Mink na Turai yana aiki duk shekara. Tsarin yana shirya ƙarƙashin bankunan rafin kogi, a cikin tushen ko kuma tarin tarkatsun iska. Wani lokacin ma yakan tono ramuka ne ko kuma yana faɗaɗa ramuka da aka watsar da shi na muskrats ko berayen ruwa (galibi ƙofar ramin yana ƙarƙashin ruwa). Yana farauta da daddare, amma wani lokacin ana samun sa yayin awoyi na hasken rana. Ya kwashe mafi yawan lokacinsa a bakin teku, yawo a tsakanin tushen da kuma karkashin tudun da ke cikewa. Yayin ƙoƙarin, yana iya iyo a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa 10-20 m, to, ya iyo zuwa saman bayan iska kuma ya sake cika da sauri.

Dabbar dabba tana buƙatar har zuwa 180 g na abinci a rana. Idan abinci ya yalwatacce, to mink na iya tarawa.

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa. A cikin watannin da ke da ɗumi, ana zaune ne a wani yanki na dindindin, wanda ya mamaye kadada 15. A cikin hunturu, sau da yawa yana motsawa don neman abinci tare da bankunan kogin. Bangaren namiji yana rufe sassan mata da yawa. Namiji baya shiga tarbiyyar matasa.

A cikin lokacin kiwo, maza sun fara neman mace wanda rukuninsu na kusa, kuma daga baya suna zuwa nesa nesa. Sau da yawa, maza da yawa suna bin mace ɗaya. Maza mafi yawan gwagwarmaya da ƙarfi sune ke da 'yancin aure.

Ciki yakan kai kwana 42 zuwa 46. Mace ta haifi 'yan makaho 4-7 makaho da tsirara. Lactation yana zuwa makwanni 10. A wannan lokacin, matasa sun fara farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu. A mako na 12 na yara, matasa minks sun zama cikakkiyar yanci. Tare, rukunin dangi ya kasance har zuwa faduwar, kuma daga baya 'yan kwikwiyo suka watse don neman wuraren rukuninsu.

(Mustela vison)

Rarraba a yawancin sassan Arewacin Amurka.

Tsawon Jikin - har zuwa 50 cm, nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 2, tsayin wutsiya - har zuwa 25 cm.

Tana zaune a yankuna tare da bude kofofin ruwa (tabkuna, koguna, magudanan ruwa da fadama). Sau da yawa yakan zauna kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Ya fi son koguna, wanda aka kafa yawancin ruwa a cikin hunturu.

Mink na Amurka ba dabba ce ba. Ta farauta dabarun tafiya a gefen tekun. A lokacin rani, dabbobi ba sa motsawa sama da 50-80 m daga ramin. A lokacin kiwo, maza sun zama mafi yawan wayoyin hannu, kuma suna iya tafiya har zuwa kilomita 30. Garkunan sun shirya ruwa kusa da ruwa. Yana amfani da burkkin muskrat (burrow tare da ɗakuna da yawa da kuma matattarar iska, tsayi har zuwa 3 m). An yi lilin ɗakin da ke da ciyawa bushe, ganye ko gansakuka. Jirgin ruwan na Amurka yana shirya ɗakin bayan gida daidai a cikin rami, a ɗayan recesses ko kusa da ƙofar rami. A cikin hunturu, a cikin tsananin sanyi, ramin na cikin ramin yana toshe daga ciki. Mink na Amurka yana iyo daidai, ta amfani da ƙafafu huɗu. Yana hawa sosai kuma yana sauri yana motsa ƙasa. Tana farauta a ƙasa da cikin ruwa (ya danganta da shekarar da wurin zama).

Hangen nesa yana da rauni, don haka lokacin farauta, dabbar tana dogara ne kawai da ƙanshinta wari. Ganima na maza ya fi na mace girma. Idan ganima ya yi girma, to, mink ɗin ya sanya ragowar ragowar zuwa dabbobin don cin su daga baya.

Bai fada cikin ɓacin rai ba, amma a cikin hunturu (cikin tsananin sanyi) yana iya yin bacci a cikin kogon tsawon kwanaki a jere. Lokacin da aka yi barazanar, to, yana amfani da sirrin smelly daga gland ɗin da ke jikinsa.

Yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan dabbobin (frogs, lobsters, macizai, tsuntsaye, zomaye, mice, muskrats da sauran rodents), kifi, inquebrates na ruwa da kwari.

Mink na Amurka shine dabbar dabbar dabbar ƙasa. Yankunan ƙasa na maza sun fi na mace girma. Kowane mutum yana yin alama da ƙasarsu tare da zuriyar dabbobi, wanda ke cakuda warin asirin daga glandon anal. Minks kuma suna shafawa akan sanduna da duwatsu tare da makogwaronsu, inda glandon makogwaron yake.

Wannan dabba ce ta al'adar auren mata fiye da daya: a lokacin kiwo, namiji zai iya miji da mata da yawa. Mace na iya ma abota tare da maza da yawa. Don isar da kai, macen Amurka mace tana zaɓar rami har zuwa zurfin m 3. Yawancin lokaci, shimfidar layin ba ta wuce 200 m daga ruwa.

Lokacin kiwo yana daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris. Haihuwa kusan kwanaki 50 kenan. Mace ta haihu 1-10 (matsakaita 4) makaho da tsiraici kusan tsiraici. Girman jarirai kusan gram 6. Da mako 5-6, 'yan kwikwiyo sun cika girma da gashi mai launin ja-ruwan hoda. Idanun a bude da rana 37, kuma lactation din har zuwa makonni 8-9. A wannan zamani, matasa masu tsinkaye suna da nauyin 350. A ƙarshen bazara, matasa sun sami 'yanci gaba ɗaya kuma sun bar mahaifiyarsu.

(Mustela sibirica)

The ginshikan galibi mazaunin Asiya ne. An rarraba shi tare da gangara na Himalayas, a cikin wani muhimmin sashi na China, a Japan, a kan Tsibirin Koriya, a kudu maso gabas, a kudu da tsakiyar Siberiya har zuwa Urals. A kan irin wannan sararin samaniyar ginshiƙan, hakika, yana rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban, amma ko'ina yana fifita gandun daji - duhu mai ban tsoro ko, yana magana, yanke hukunci, yalwatacce a cikin ƙananan ƙananan jijiyoyi, amma galibi kusa da koguna da tabkuna. Yawancin lokuta ana samun layuka a cikin ƙauyuka inda yake kama bera da beraye, kuma a lokaci guda suna kai hari kaji.

Tsawon daga ƙarshen kuncin zuwa gindin wutsiya shine 28-30, tsawon wutsiya shine 16.5 cm.

Jerin abinci mai gina jiki yana kama da abincin abinci na ferrets. Yana ciyarwa akan ƙoshin jijiyoyi (zocors, muskrats, chipmunks, squirrels, jerboas), pikas, har da tsuntsayen, ƙwai, ƙwari, kwari, ɗaukar kaya, kuma lokaci-lokaci yakan kama hares. Tare da rashin ƙarfi ginshiƙan ginshiƙai fara kifi.

'Yan mulkin mallaka suna farauta da daddare ko a faɗuwar rana, kuma yayin rana suna ɓoyewa a cikin mafaka (a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, a cikin ɓarkewar iska ko dutse). Reara, m da tsufa - cikin sauƙin ratsa cikin ramin rami da murƙushe inda ƙananan dabbobi ke zama. Yana hawa bishiyoyi da duwatsu da kyau, yana iyo sosai. A cikin hunturu, yakan ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Yana da aiki a cikin shekara, a cikin sanyi mai sanyi a cikin ramukan. Babu wuraren yanar gizo; yana yawo cikin taiga don neman ganima. Har zuwa 8 km za a iya rufe kowane dare. Motsawa cikin babban tsalle.

An fara farantin ne daga watan Fabrairu - Maris. Namiji yana bin mace ɗaya. Don haihuwa, mace ta shirya gida (a cikin ɓarkewar kayan masarufi, a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi da ganye, a cikin duwatsu da ɓarna na duwatsu), inda za ta ja ulu, gashinsa, ganye da bushe ciyawa. An haifi 'yan kwikwiyo a watan Afrilu - Yuni. Namiji baya cikin komai yayin renon matasa. Idan an kai hari, mace ta kan kare zuriyarta da karfin gwiwa.

Cutar ciki tana kwana 28-42. Matar ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 4-10. Cubs an haife shi makaho kuma tsirara. Idon bude bayan wata daya. Lactation yana zuwa kwanaki 56, sannan mahaifiyar ta fara ciyar da yara da kananan dabbobi.

(Mustela frenata)

An rarraba shi daga iyakar Kanada da Amurka ta Tsakiyar Amurka zuwa yankuna na arewacin Kudancin Amurka.

Tsawon jikin mutum yakai 40 cm, mace har zuwa 35 cm, wutsiya ga maza har zuwa 15.2 cm, ga mace har zuwa 12.7 cm Jikin jikin maza har zuwa 450 g, mace har zuwa 255 g.

An samo weasel mai dogon zango a kusan dukkanin wuraren ƙasar da ke kusa da ruwa. Ya fi son a tsaya a cikin maɗaukaki na ƙaya bushes da kuma thickets na honeysuckle, gandun daji, gandun daji da ciyawa ciyayi tare da fences.

Weasel mai dogon zango ba dare ba ne, amma a cikin al'amuran voles (jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun) yana farauta da rana. A cikin dare, dabbar tana yin tafiyar kilomita 5.Girman mutum mãkirci ya dogara da yawan samar (mafi ƙarancin mãkirci ne 0.7-1 ha, kuma idan akwai rashin abinci, da mãkirci girma zuwa 20-160 ha).

Weasel dabba ce mara tsoro kuma mai jan hankali. Yayin kare kai daga abokan gaba ko yayin tarawar, yakan fitar da wani sirrin murmushin wanda ba ayi nasara ba daga glandar far. An kashe ƙaramar ganima tare da fewan cizo a cikin wuyansa. Lokacin da ya kawo hari ga babban naman, dabbar ta kama ta kuma gaba a kai da gaban ta da kafafun ta. Yayin yaƙin, weasel yayi ƙoƙari ya koma baya don yin jerin kwari a gindin kwanyar don hanawa da kashe wanda aka kashe. Ganima da aka same ta a cikin ramuka tana binne a goshi kuma ta yanka da cizo a cikin maƙogwaron rai. Ku ci wanda aka azabtar, ya fara da kai. Tare da wuce haddi na samar da ajiyar abubuwa, amma da wuya ya koma wurinsu.

Warin jini yakan zama mai saurin fushi da zubar jini. Weasel yana da matukar hannu kuma yana da babban aiki na rayuwa. Skipping tare da ƙasa tare da tayin baya a cikin hanyar baka, kuma a wannan lokacin wutsiyar tana riƙe da madaidaiciya (a kwance sama da ƙasa). Weasel mai dogon zango yana iyo sosai, cikin hikima yana hawa bishiyoyi (wani lokacin hawa zuwa tsayin 6 m da sama).

Yana cin abincin dabbobi kawai (beraye, beraye, ɓoyayyun filin, squirrels, chipmunks, shrek, moles da zomaye), har da ƙwai, kajin da tsuntsaye manya, macizai, kwaro da kwari. Rayuwa kusa da wani mutum, yana jan kaji.

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa. Vapors ana yin sa ne kawai a lokacin kiwo. A wannan lokacin, mazan suna yin alamar yankinsu, suna hawa a bayan jikin mutum. Mace tana haihuwar zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya a shekara. A cikin kudu na yawan litter, za'a iya samun 2 ko 3. Don haihuwa, mace tana shirya keken, wacce ke cikin tarin duwatsun, tukunyar katako, burus na mice, squirrels, chipmunks da voles. Zurfin irin wannan rami shine cm 15 - 43. Girman yana da shimfiɗa tare da Jawo daga dabbobi da aka ci ko ciyawa bushe.

Cutar ciki tare da jinkirin ci gaban tayi zai iya kasancewa daga ranakun 205 zuwa 337. Gaskiya lokacin ciki shine kwanaki 27-35. Mace ta haife blindan kurakuran marasa taimako 1-9. Nauyin nauyin jarirai yakai kimanin 3. Matasa sun bushe jikinsu da fararen fata mai kauri. Idanun suna buɗewa da shekaru 35 da haihuwa, kuma a lokaci guda dakatar da lactation. A makonni 6-7 na yara, yara 'yan kwikwiyo fara farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu. A sati 11-12 suka bar ramin kuma suka fara rayuwa mai 'yanci.

(Mustela altaica)

Yana faruwa daga tsakiyar yankuna na Rasha da ko'ina cikin ƙasa zuwa kan iyakokin arewa, kudu maso gabas zuwa Koriya, yamma zuwa arewacin Indiya.

Tsawon maza ya bambanta daga 21 zuwa 28 cm tare da wutsiyar 10-15 cm. Weightididdigar su daga 250 zuwa 370 g. Mace sun ɗan ɗan yi kaɗan, daga 21 zuwa 26 cm tsayi, tare da wutsiya na 9-12.5 cm. Yawan nauyin mace daga 120 zuwa 245 g.

Yana zaune a kan tsaunin tsaunin daga sama da mita 1000 sama da matakin teku da kuma cikin tundra mai dutse tare da kananan gandun daji. Yana zaune a cikin ɓarna a tsakanin ɓarna dutsen a cikin rawunan itace ko a cikin ɓarnar da aka watsar. Affectionaunar tsaunin ba ta tsoron zama kusa da mazaunan ɗan adam.

Abincinsa ya hada da ƙananan ƙwayoyi da ƙananan matsakaitan (muskrat, squirrels, zomaye, manyan-eared pika, ham hamsters, mice filin, da dai sauransu), dabbobi, tsuntsaye. Kuna iya cin kwaro, ƙwayaye, macizai, kwari da mollusks. Yanke zaune a cikin mutane, satar kayayyakin nama da kifi, ya lalatar da dafaffen kaji.

Solongoy dabba ce mai yawan tsufa, tana rayuwa a doron ƙasa, tana ci gaba a cikin iska, a ƙarƙashin tushe da talus na kankara. A wuri guda yakan shirya nishadi da 'ya' yayansu. Aiki dare da rana. Yana sauri yana hawa yana hawa bishiyoyi, yasan yadda ake iyo. Don sadarwa, musamman tsakanin maza, ana amfani da asirin gland anal. Lokacin da aka yi masa barazanar, dabbar ta yi amo mai ƙarfi, tana fitar da warin da ke fitowa daga glandon anal. Abincin abinci na yau da kullun shine 45-54 g (3-4 a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta) ga saurayin da ya balaga, kodayake, galibi yakan kashe ɗan ganima fiye da yadda ake bukata.

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa.

A cikin lokacin mating, ana lura da gasa tsakanin maza saboda mace. A wasu lokutan ma fadan rikici ya taso a tsakaninsu.Bayan miji, namiji ya bar mace. An haifi yara 'yan kwalliya a cikin gida wanda aka yi shimfida tare da ciyawa da fur da ƙwaya ke ci.

Cutar ciki tana kwana 30-49. Mace ta haifi marayu 1-8 da marayu. Lactation yana zuwa watanni biyu. Daga wannan lokacin, yarinyar solongoi ta sami 'yanci, amma har wani lokaci suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu.

(Mustela erminea)

Ermine yaɗu sosai a Arewacin Hemisphere - a cikin Arctic, subarctic yankuna da yanayin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin Turai, yana faruwa daga Scandinavia zuwa Pyrenees da Alps, ban da Albania, Girka, Bulgaria da Turkey. A cikin Asiya, kewayonsa ya isa hamada na tsakiyar Asiya, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China da arewacin Japan. A Arewacin Amurka, ana samun shi a Kanada, a tsibiran tsibiran tarin Arctic Kanada, a Greenland da kuma arewacin Amurka (ban da Babban filayen).

Tsawon jikin namiji namiji shine 17-38 cm (mace kusan rabi kenan), tsawon wutsiya kusan 35% ne na tsawon jikin - 6-12 cm, kuma nauyin jikin yana daga 70 zuwa 260 g.

Ermine ya fi yawa a yankuna-steppe, taiga da tundra. Su zabi mazauninsu ne m da yawa daga cikin manyan feed - kananan rodents. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ermin ya fi son ya zauna kusa da ruwa: tare da bankunan da magudanan ruwa na koguna da rafuffuka, kusa da tafkuna na daji, tare da makiyaya da ke gefen teku, dazuzzuka da ciyayi. Da wuya a shigo cikin zurfin gandun daji, a cikin gandun daji akwai tsoffin ƙone-kone da yawa, gefunan daji (musamman ba kusa da ƙauyuka da ƙasa mai arau ba), a cikin gandun daji mai yawa yana son ƙazamin gandun dazuzzuka da canji. Na kowa a cikin copses, a kan steppe kwari da gullies. Guji bude wurare. Wani lokacin yakan zauna kusa da mazaunin mutane, a cikin filaye, a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na daji, har ma a gefen birane.

Yana jagorantar rayuwar yanki ɗaya kawai. Iyakokin kowane shafin yanar gizon suna alamar alamar asirin gland gland. Girman wurin ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 20 ha, a cikin maza yawanci yana da yawa sau biyu kamar na mace, kuma yana ma'amala da makircinsu. Maza da mata suna rayuwa daban kuma suna haɗuwa ne kawai a lokacin lokacin ma'aurata. A cikin shekaru masu fama da yunwa da maras nauyi, ermines suna barin makircinsu kuma suna motsawa, wani lokacin akanyi nisa. Wani lokacin hijirarsa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kiwo da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a yankuna.

Ermin yana aiki da yawa a lokutan maraice-dare, wani lokacin yakan faru a lokacin da rana. A zabi na mafaka, gami da broods, unpretentious. Ana iya samunsa a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da ba a zata ba - alal misali, a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar bango, da tarin duwatsun, a cikin rugujewar gine-ginen da aka watsar ko kuma gungumen da aka kwance akan bangon ginin mazaunin. Hakanan yana mamaye ramin bishiyoyi, galibi yakan ɓoye a cikinsu lokacin ruwan tufana. Yawancin lokaci ermine yakan mamaye manyan dakunan da ake kashe su. Mace ta sanya ramin ɓoye ta tare da konkoma karãtunsa da gashi na ƙwaƙƙwaran sarƙa, ba sa ƙasa da ciyawa. Kuskuren ne ba ya tono burrows da kansa. A cikin hunturu, ba shi da mafaka na dindindin kuma yana amfani da matsuguni bazuwar - a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, Tushen bishiyoyi, rakodi. Da wuya a kan dawo wurin da rana.

Ermin yana iyo da hawa zuwa ƙasa da kyau, amma a zahiri shine ƙwararren mai ƙasan ƙasar ne. A cikin abincinsa, ƙwanƙwashin ƙwayar linzamin kwamfuta, amma ba kamar ɗan dan uwan ​​sa ba, wata weasel tana cin ƙananan voles, ermine preys on the great rodents - a vole water, hamster, chipmunk, haylings, lemmings, da sauransu, ta mamaye su cikin burrows da dusar ƙanƙara. Girman bai ƙyale shi ya shiga cikin ramin ƙananan ƙwayoyi ba. Mace suna farauta a cikin yara fiye da maza. Muhimmancin sakandare a cikin abincin ermine sune tsuntsaye da ƙwaiƙansu, har da kifayen da shush. Ko da sau da yawa sau ɗaya (tare da rashin wadataccen abinci), ermin yana cin 'yan amphibians, ƙwararrun ruwa da kwari. Yana da ikon kai hare-hare kan dabbobi mafi girma fiye da kanshi (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares da zomaye), a cikin shekaru masu fama da yunwa koda ya ci datti ko sata daga hannun mutane na nama da kifi. Tare da yalwar abinci, er er hannun jari sama, lalata mafi rodents fiye da abin da zai iya ci. Ya kashe ganima kamar weasel - ciji da kwanyar a bayan kai.Kuskuren ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana mai da hankali kan ƙanshi, kwari - akan sauti, kifi - ta amfani da hangen nesa.

Erarna wata dabba ce mai wahala da wahala. Yunkurinsa yana da sauri, amma da ɗan wuya. A farauta, tana tafiya zuwa 15 km kowace rana, a cikin hunturu - matsakaita na 3 km. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara tana motsawa cikin tsalle sama da 50 cm, tare da ƙafafun biyu na hindatu suna jan ƙasa. Yakan yi iyo sosai a hawa bishiyoyi. Abokan gaba suka bi shi, yakan zauna akan itace har sai hatsari ya shuɗe. Yawancin lokaci shiru, amma a cikin farin ciki yana yin magana da karfi, yana iya tweet, hiss har ma haushi.

Karkatar da al'adar auren mata fiye da ɗaya sau ɗaya a shekara. Aikin jima'i a cikin maza yana da tsawon watanni 4, daga tsakiyar Fabrairu zuwa farkon Yuni. Da juna biyu a cikin mace tare da dogon latent mataki (8-9 watanni) - embryos ba su ci gaba har Maris. Gaba ɗaya, yana wuce watanni 9-10, saboda haka thean sandunan suna bayyana a watan Afrilu - Mayu shekara mai zuwa. Yawan sanubura a cikin maginanni ya yi girma daga 3 zuwa 18, matsakaici na 4-9. Mata ne kawai ke yinsu.

Sabbin jarirai suna da yawanci 3-4 g tare da tsawon jikin mutum 32-51 mm, an haife su makaho, marasa sakaci, tare da rufe hanyoyin ruwa kuma an rufe su da fararen fata. A ranar 30-41, sun fara gani, kuma a watanni 2-3, ba za a iya bambance bambancen daga manya. A ƙarshen Yuni - a watan Yuli, sun riga sun samar da abinci kai tsaye.

Mace sun isa balaga da wuri, a cikin watanni 2-3, kuma maza kawai suna da shekaru 11-14. Youngan mata masu shekaru (kwanaki 60 zuwa 70) za a iya rufe su ta hanyar samari maza - na musamman a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ke ba da gudummawar rayuwar wanzuwar. Matsakaicin rayuwar er er 1-2 shekaru ne, kuma matsakaicin shine shekaru 7. Samun yawaita da rashin ingancin yanayinsu yayi yawa, yana karuwa sosai a cikin shekarun garkuwar da yawa kuma ya gamu da ajalinsu yayin rushewar su.

(Mustela bassi)

An rarraba shi a Japan, inda aka samo shi a tsibiran Honshu, Kyushu da Shikoku. Hakanan an gabatar dashi zuwa tsibiran Hokkaido, Ryukyu da Sakhalin don sarrafa yawan ƙwayoyin.

Tsayin jiki kusan 35 cm, tsintsiya tsawon - 17 cm.

(Mustela kathiah)

An rarraba shi daga Arewacin Pakistan zuwa Kudu maso Gabashin China.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 21.5-29 cm, wutsiyarsa ta kamu 12.5-19 cm Weight shine kimanin kilogram 1.56.

Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu zurfi, yana tashi zuwa 1800-4000 m sama da matakin teku. Ya fi son itatuwan itaciya. Ainihin, weasel mai launin rawaya-saƙar yatsa akan ƙwayoyin dabba (beraye da mice filin), ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye.

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa.

Mace na gina rami a cikin ramuka, a cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin duwatsun ko gungumen azaba. Kogon da kansa ya yi lungu da ciyawa mai bushe. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar, ana ganin wani rutuwa, wanda ke ƙare cikin ma'aurata Cutar ciki tana zuwa watanni 10 (yawancin lokaci yakan fadi ne akan lokacin latent a cikin cin kwai). Mace ta haifi yara 3-18 makaho da marasa taimako.

Ganan grisons da mutane

Ganan grisons suna sarrafa adadin zomaye na Turai da ƙwaƙwalwa a Patagonia, saboda haka suna da dabbobi masu amfani.

Matasa matasa suna da sauƙin hora. A da, an yi amfani da ƙananan grisons don farauta chinchillas. An ƙaddamar da wani gidan kurkukun da aka horar a cikin ramin chinchilla, kuma ya fitar da dabbar zuwa wani wurin da mafarauci ke jiran sa.

Wasu lokuta ƙananan grisons suna kai hari akan kaji, a wannan batun, yawan jama'ar yankin yana kashe su. An lasafta kananan abubuwan farin ciki akan taron CITES.

Ganan ƙananan grisons suna farauta koyaushe kadai, wasu lokuta ana samun su a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin dangi.

Kabilar masu alaƙa

Baya ga ƙananan grisons, dangin yana da grisons, wanda kuma ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Grisons, ba kamar ƙananan grisons ba, ba'a fuskantar barazanar lalata, tunda wannan nau'in halitta ce mai yawa da ke da mazauninsu.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

(Mustela nivalis)

An rarraba shi a Turai, Algeria, Maroko, Masar, Asiya ,arama, arewacin Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Koriya ta Koriya, Japan, Arewacin Amurka, Ostiraliya.

Tsawon dabbar ya bambanta, ya danganta da kasancewar wani reshe na musamman, daga 11.4 zuwa 21.6 cm.Hayi nauyi 40-100 g.

Yawancin ire-iren halittun dabbobi (gandun daji, dajin kwari da kuma kwari-daji, bayan filayen kwari, fadama ruwa, bakin ruwa, wuraren hamada, tundra, makiyaya mai tsayi).

Kusan duk abincin weasel ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta (gida, filin da mice daji, beraye), moles da shull, da kuma zomaye matasa, kaji, pigeons, qwai da kajin tsuntsaye. Tare da ƙarancin abinci, yana cin 'yan amphibians, ƙananan kifi, lizards, ƙananan macizai, kwari da crayfish.

Weasel dabba ce mai ƙazanta da tsufa, tana gudana da sauri, hawa hawa lafiya kuma tana iyo. An rarrabe shi ta ƙarfin hali da kuma zubar da jini, yana da damar rarrafe ta cikin matattara da ramuka. Mice suna fatalwa a cikin nasu burrows. Animalsanan dabbobi sun isa ga murfin kai ko na kai, suna ciji ƙyallen ƙyallen a baya na kan kai, galibi suna kaiwa dabbobi hari da yawa fiye da kanta, suna manne wa wuya. A cikin qwai tsuntsu, weasel yana yin ramuka da yawa kuma yana tsotse abubuwan da ke ciki. Sau da yawa yana yin ajiyar kaya (daga 1 zuwa 30 voles da mice ana samun su a wuri guda).

Aiki a lokuta daban-daban na rana, amma kuma galibi yakan farauta da maraice da daddare. Matsa cikin tsalle. Jagora (saboda mafi yawan) hanyar rayuwa ta duniya. Lokacin da yake zagaya shafin sa, yakan kasance yana kusa da dazuzzuka da sauran murfin. Guji bude wuraren. Ana iya rufe kilomita 1-2 a kowace rana. A cikin hunturu, tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, yana motsawa cikin voids.

Ba ya tono ramuka, amma yana amfani da ramuka mai ƙyalli ko voids tsakanin duwatsun, masonry na itace, ƙananan kwance (har zuwa 2 m) rami na itace, Tushen bishiyoyi da bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, matattarar dutse. A cikin ciyayi, ya jawo ciyawa, ciyawa da ganye. Shafin yanar gizon yakan samar da wuraren zama na dindindin.

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa. Girman kowane tsarin mutum yayi ƙanana - har zuwa 10 ha. Wadannan masu girma dabam sun dogara da yawan ganima da kuma yanayin yanayi. Sau da yawa shafin maza yakan mamaye shafin mace. Iyakokin ƙaddarar suna alamar alamun wari.

Auren mata da yawa, yayin haila, namiji zai iya miji da mata da yawa. Don haihuwa, mace tayi layi tare da bushe ciyawa, gansakuka da ganye. Idan gida yana da damuwa, to mahaifiyar tana juyar da 'ya'yan a wani wuri. Game da mummunan haɗari, weasel yana kare farjinta har zuwa na ƙarshe. Broods suna kasancewa tare tsawon watanni 3-4 kuma suna tashi a ƙarshen bazara ko fall.

Mating faruwa a watan Maris. Bayan tayi mako biyar, mace zata haihu daga 5 zuwa 7, kasa da sau 3 da 8. Idanu a bude a ranar 21-25 na rayuwa. Lokacin da 'yan' yar tsana suka fara barin gida, suna zuwa ko'ina don mahaifiyarsu, suna bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye dasu, sannan kuma su cigaba da barin asalin asalinsu. A hankali, ilhami ya bi baya rauni, kuma kananan dabbobi suka fara tafiya da kansu.

(Mustela strigidorsa)

An rarraba shi a Asiya - daga Nepal zuwa gabas zuwa Sin (Yunan lardin), Thailand, Laos, Bhutan, Sikkim, Indiya, Vietnam, Assam.

Tsawon kai da jikin mace kusan 28.5 cm ne, tsawon wutsiya 15cm ne.

Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji da suke a tsawan 1000-2500 a saman teku.

Weasel mai farin fari-daya ne daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki da dabbobi masu karancin karancin ilimin dabbobi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A cikin shekaru na binciken, mutane takwas ne kawai suka fada hannun masana kimiyya: uku daga Sikkim, kuma kowane ɗayan daga Nepal, Laos, Mynmar, Fenesserim da Thailand. Kodayake bayanai daga mazauna yankin game da haɗuwa da wannan dabba yana tattara hankali a hankali.

(Mustela felipei)

An san dabbobi 5 a Andes na Arewacin Ecuador da kuma tsaunukan Cordillera na Tsakiya da Yammacin Kolombiya. Tana zaune a dazuzzuka masu dutse tare da bankunan da kuma kusa da koguna da koguna tare da yanayin natsuwa Sauyin yanayi a cikin mazauninsu ƙaƙƙarfan abu ne.

Tsawon Jikin kusan cm 22 Girman nauyin ƙaunar Colombia shine 138 g.

Coasbian Weasel mai cinye abubuwa ne na ƙasa. Babu cikakken bayani game da abincin. A ranar wannan rigar, ya zama dole a ci ganima (ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kwari, mai yiwuwa kifi), wanda kusan kashi 40% na nauyinsa.

(Mustela nudipes)

An rarraba shi a Thailand, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Malacca Peninsula, Malaysia, Brunei. A tsibirin Java ba ya nan. Yana zaune a tsaunin 400 zuwa 1700 m sama da matakin teku.

Tsawon jikin wannan dabbar ya kai cm 30 zuwa 36, ​​tsawon wutsiyarsa ya kai cm 24 zuwa 26. Babban launi jikin yana da launin shuɗi-baki, shugaban yana da haske sosai.

(Mustela eversmanni)

Ana samun wannan Matakin a Yamma, daga Yugoslavia da Czech Republic, sannan kuma a gaba gabas zuwa dajin-steppe, steppes da kuma hamadar Rasha daga Transbaikalia zuwa Tsakiyar Amur, da kuma Tsakiya ta Tsakiya da Tsakiya zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya da Gabashin China. A karni na karshe, kewayon ferret ɗin ya faɗaɗa sosai zuwa yamma kuma wani bangare zuwa arewa. Yana guje wa gandun daji da ƙauyuka.

Tsayin jiki 52-56 cm, wutsiya - har zuwa 18 cm, nauyin jikin har zuwa 2 kilogiram.

Yana farauta ne ga masu hoto, masakamai, squirrels, rod-like rod, ba ƙasa ga tsuntsaye, macizai da kwaɗi, a lokacin rani da kuma a cikin iska. Ferrets da suke zaune kusa da koguna da tabkuna kuma suna ganima a kan jirgin ruwa.

Yana haifar da rayuwa mara tsayi da maraice, wani lokacin aiki yayin rana. Tana shirya mazaunin har abada a kan tsaunukan bushewa, yana mamaye burrows na wasu ɓarnatattun abubuwa (marmots, squirrels, hamsters), dan ƙara faɗaɗa su da kuma shirya su. Burrows da kansa yakan burge kawai cikin gaggawa kuma yana amfani dasu azaman na ɗan lokaci. A cikin filayen yana shirya gidaje a cikin maɓallin ciyawa mai tsayi, kusa da kan dutse, kango, tsakanin tushen da rami na itatuwa.

Motsa ƙasa a cikin tsalle-tsalle (har zuwa 50-70 cm), kusan ba ya hawa bishiyoyi. Swaf da kyau, zai iya nutse. Haske yana inganta sosai. Ya tsalle sauƙaƙe daga babban tsayi. A yayin haɗari, ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar smelly da caustic daga gland na anal, suna harbe su a hannun abokan gaba. A cikin hunturu, sau da yawa ke bi da sandunan a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.

Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, matattarar ferret tana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Iyakokin kowane shafin yanar gizon ba a kiyaye su ba. A wurin tarurrukan daidaikun mutane, jima'i ba ya faruwa. A lokacin ma'aurata, mazan suna yakar junansu saboda mace, yayin da suke yin kururuwa da ihu kuma suna ciji juna. Don haihuwa, mace ta gina gida a tarin ciyawar ko a cikin zurfin bishiyoyi (daga ciyawa da sauran kayan taushi). Gida yana da shimfidar fuka-fukai, ƙasa da bushe ciyawa. Namiji yakan shiga aikin renon yara. Idan zuriyar dabbobi ta farko ta mutu, to a cikin kwanaki 6-26 masu zuwa mace zata fara estrus.

Ciki yakan kai kimanin watanni 1.5. Matar ta haifi 'yan kwalliya 4-10 tsirara. Idanun sun buɗe a ranakun 28-39. Muddin 'yan maruƙa ba su lulluɓe da gashi, da wuya mace ta bar su. Lactation yana zuwa watanni 2.5. Lokacin da ya kai makwanni 7-8, 'yan kwikwiyo na riga suna ƙoƙarin samun entsan ciro. Mace na raye tana kare karafa. Brood yana riƙe har tsawon watanni 2.5, kuma a ƙarshen bazara, matasa masu ba da fata sun watsar don neman yankin su.

(Mustela nigripes)

Tana zaune a yankuna na gabashi da kudanci na Dutse mai tsaunuka, Yankin Babban Filin daga Albert da Saskatchewan, zuwa Texas da Arizona (Amurka).

Aƙalla kimanin cm 45 a tsayin daka, tare da wutsiyar dutsen 15 cm, tana da nauyin kilogram 1.

Yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau. Jin, gani da wari suna da haɓaka. Tsarin ya dogara da karnukan makiyaya. Kusan a koyaushe (har zuwa 99%) yana ciyarwa a cikin ramukarsu. A fannin wadannan yankuna, ya huta ya yi bacci, nan da nan ya sami nasa abincin, ya guji magabata, mummunan yanayi da ciyar da zuriya. Maza sunfi karfin mace. A cikin hunturu, ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafafun baƙar fata yana raguwa, kamar yadda yankin yankin da aka bincika. A ranakun sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara, sai ya zauna a cikin rami, yana ciyar da ajiyar.

A ƙasa yana motsawa cikin jinsi ko kuma a cikin wani tsawan gallop (har zuwa 8-11 km / h). Nightaya daga cikin dare zai iya tafiya zuwa kilomita 10. Maza sun wuce nesa fiye da (kusan sau biyu) fiye da mace.

Baya ga lokacin kiwo, yana jagorantar rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Don sadarwa tare da dangi suna amfani da alamun wari. Iyakokin shafin sa shine asirin glandon ductal. A cikin wadatattun shekaru, yawan jama'a shine - daya ferret a cikin 50 ha na makiyaya kare mazauna. Yankin ƙasa na manyan ferrets shine (a diamita) 1-2 km.

Cutar ciki tana kwana 41-45.Mace ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 3-4 (a matsakaita). Yayinda san sandansu ke girma, mace takan bar su ita kaɗai a cikin gida yayin rana, ita kuma tana farauta da kanta. Matasa sun fara farautar kansu a watan Satumba da Oktoba.

(Mustela putorius)

Yada ko'ina cikin Yammacin Turai, kodayake mazauninsa yana raguwa a hankali. Yawancin masu aikata baƙi suna zaune a Ingila da kusan kusan yankin Turai na Rasha, ban da Arewacin Karelia, arewa maso gabas na Crimea, Caucasus, da ƙananan Volga. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, bayanai sun bayyana game da sake zama Black Ferret a cikin gandun daji na Finland da Karelia. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na yammacin Afirka.

Suna da nauyi daga 1000 g zuwa 1710 g, 36- 48 cm tsayi, kuma 15 cm a wutsiya .. Matan sunkai daya da rabi. Tsawon wutsiyar mace shine 8.5-15 cm.

Rea Forestan daji suna son su zauna a cikin kananan gandun daji da gandun daji daban-daban wanda aka haɗe da filayen da ciyayi (suna guje wa ci gaba da taiga massifs). Ana kiran ferret a matsayin "gefen gandun daji", kamar yadda gandun daji sune wuraren farautarsu. Sau da yawa ana iya ganinsu a cikin magudanan ruwa na kananan koguna, da kuma kusa da wasu jikin ruwa. Mai ikon yin iyo, amma ba shi da kyau kamar dangi na kusa, mink na Turai (Mustela lutreola). Hakanan yankuna a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni

Ferrets suna yin rayuwa mai taushi kuma sun kasance suna haɗuwa da wani yanki na musamman. Girman mazaunin ɗan ƙarami ne. An fi amfani da matsugunai na yau da kullun azaman mafaka na dindindin - tarin tarin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, mashigar itacen katako, ɓarna na katako, ɗakunan ajiya. Wasu lokuta maguzawa kan zauna a cikin jerin sharri ko ramuka dawakai, a cikin ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka suna samun mafaka a cikin garken, ɗakunan katako har ma a ƙarƙashin rufin gidajen wanka na karkara. An kurmi kusan ba ya taɓa tozarta kansa.

Duk da girman masu girma idan aka kwatanta da wakilai da yawa na Halittar, wannan ferret shine mai cin abincin mice. Bakaken fata suna dogara ne akan voles da beraye; a lokacin bazara yakan kama kwaro, yatsu, berayen ruwa, da macizai, tsuntsayen daji, manyan kwari (ayau, da sauransu), yana shiga ramuka da kwari na ƙyallen samari. Lokacin da aka zauna kusa da mutum na iya kai hari kaji da zomaye.

Ferrets suna motsawa sosai a cikin tsibin katako da kuma tsakanin duwatsun, m da jera marasa tsoro tare da abokan gaba, har ma sun wuce shi a girma da nauyi. Wani gandun daji yana farauta, a matsayin mai mulki, a cikin duhu, amma a cikin rana ana iya tilasta shi barin tsari daga matsanancin yunwar. Entarfin sander yana duban bakin rami ko kuma ya kama hanya a guje.

Rut a gandun daji yana farawa ne da bazara, a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu, wani lokacin a cikin rabin Yuni na biyu. Wata daya da rabi bayan hadi, sau 4 zuwa shida ne ke fitowa daga cikin mace. Mace suna tsare kansu ba tare da wata matsala ba. Matasa matasa suna da ingantaccen tsari na musamman "mane" - elongated gashi akan yaduwa. Ana kiyaye brood tare da mahaifiyar har faɗuwar, wani lokacin har zuwa bazara mai zuwa. Dabbobi sun zama masu balaga yayin jima'i.

(Mellivora capensis)

Yankunan da ba su da kyau na zuma sun ƙunshi manyan sassan Afirka da Asiya. A Afirka, ana samunsa kusan ko'ina, daga Maroko da Masar zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. A Asiya, mazauninta ya tashi daga yankin Larabawa zuwa Tsakiyar Asiya, har zuwa Indiya da Nepal.

Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 7, ba a kirga wutsiyar ba kusan cm 25. Yawansu ya bambanta daga kilogiram 7 zuwa 13, maza sun ɗan ɗanɗana mata.

Badakaren zuma suna zaune a yankuna daban-daban na yanayi, gami da cikin tsaunuka, dazuzzuka da tsaunukan har zuwa mita 3000. Koyaya, sun guji yankuna masu zafi ko gumi, kamar hamada ko gandun daji.

Suna aiki da yawa a yamma ko da daddare, amma a yankuna da mutum bai taɓa kaiwa ba ko cikin yanayin sanyi ana iya ganinsu da rana. Don bacci, suna amfani da ramuka daban-daban daga mita ɗaya zuwa uku zurfi tare da ƙaramin kabad da aka sanya tare da kayan taushi. A kan iyakar kewayon su, badbobin zuma suna da irin waɗannan ramuka, kuma tunda suna yin dogon tafiye-tafiye kowace rana, kusan basu taɓa yin barci a wannan wurin ba dare biyu a jere.A cikin neman abinci, suna motsawa a ƙasa, amma wani lokacin suna hawa bishiyoyi, musamman idan suna son samun zuma, wanda ya basu suna.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan halittu daga dangin Marten, baƙaƙen zuma suna zaune shi kaɗai, kuma lokaci-lokaci ana iya lura da su a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi - a matsayin mai mulkin, matasa matasa ko fakitoci. Suna da manyan wuraren zama da ke tazara kilomita murabba'in kilomita. Suna sanar da danginsu kasancewar su tare da taimakon wani sirri da ke tattare da glandon abinci na musamman.

Ana la'akari da azzaluman zuma kamar dabbobi marasa tsoro sosai har ma da tsoratarwa, waɗanda ba su da abokan gaba na halitta. Fatar su mai kauri, in banda maikon bakin ciki a ciki, ba za su iya dusar da ita har da haƙoran manyan itacen zaki da na macizai masu guba, da kuma allura mai guba. Paarfin goshi mai ƙarfi tare da dogayen kiba da haƙoran zuma suna da makamin kariya mai amfani. Kari akan haka, sun san yadda, kamar skunks, zasu fitar da warin haihuwa idan aka kawo musu hari. Idan sun ji wata barazana, su da kansu sukan kaiwa dabbobin da girmansu ya zarce na kansu, gami da shanu da kuma dabbaka.

Miyagunan zuma sune dabbobi masu yanke hukunci. Ganimarsu ta ƙunshi nau'ikan dabbobi, da kuma wasu mutane manya da manya, kamar su dawakai ko tururuwa. Ban da abinci, baƙon zuma ya haɗa da tsuntsayen da ƙwayayensu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, gami da ƙananan karnuka da macizai masu dafi, da kuma amphibians, carion, larvae, kunama da sauran dabbobin. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan mustelids, masu shan zuma suna cin abincin shuka kaɗan; daga shi suke ci berries, 'ya'yan itace, Tushen da tubers.

Abin lura shine soyayyar su ga zuma, wacce ta baiwa zakin sunan sunansu. An yi imanin cewa mafi yawan kudan zuma suna zaune a cikin symbiosis tare da karamin nau'in katako na Afirka mai suna babban mai nuna zuma (Manuniyar Manuniya). Jagorar zuma da ake zargin tana caccakar zakin zuma tare da yin kuka na musamman zuwa makabartun kudan zuma, wanda amsar zuma ta karye tare da kalamar sa, da kuma lasar zuma, kuma jagorar zuma ta ci kudan zuma. Har zuwa wannan gaskiya ne, shine batun jayayya, babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da wannan tukuna.

Akwai bayanai daban-daban game da lokacin haihuwa na masu cin zuma, wanda mai yiwuwa saboda yanayin kwai ya canzawa, wanda yake halayyar marten. Watanni biyar zuwa shida suna wucewa tsakanin lokacin haila da haihuwa, amma ba tsammani ciki ya gajarta. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi na dabbobi akwai yara daga biyu zuwa hudu wadanda suke ciyar da makonninsu na farko a cikin tsarin da aka yi layi da busassun tsire-tsire. Yara dabbobin suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu na dogon lokaci, galibi fiye da shekara guda. Ba a san ana sa rai lokacin da ake shan zuma a cikin daji ba, a zaman fursuna ya kai shekaru 26.

(Harajin haraji)

An rarraba shi daga Kudu maso Yammacin Kanada zuwa Tsakiyar Mexico.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 42-74 cm, wutsiyarsa itace cm 59. nauyi ya kai kilogiram 10-12.

Yana zaune a cikin busassun wurare da hamada wanda ke cike da ciyayi (makiyaya, filaye da makiyaya). Ana samo shi a cikin gandun daji da kuma ciyayin subalpine (har zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku), da kuma a cikin tundra mai tsayi.

A mafi yawan baƙuwar Amurka ba dare ba ne, amma galibi ana gani da rana. Yana yin awoyi a hasken rana a cikin wani rami da ya haƙa kansa. Lokacin yin tono a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, maɓoɓin yakan yi amfani da kalamunsa da haƙoransa, yana matsawa zuwa wani matsala, yana binne kansa a ƙasa kuma ya ɓace daga gani na da yawa mintuna. Don shirya ramin, sau da yawa yakan mamaye tsoffin ɓoyayyen tsoffin dawakai da coyotes. Yana amfani da burrowsrsa don dalilai daban-daban, wanda ke ƙayyade hadadden na'urar, zurfi da tsayi: don hutawa ta rana, lokacin hutu na hunturu, kiwo ko adana abincin ajiyar. Ana amfani da wasu ramuka azaman na wucin gadi, an haƙa idan wani yanayi mai haɗari wanda ba a tsammani ba. Wani kogon gidan maraƙin da aka saba dashi shine ramin da yakai tsawon mita 10 tare da ɗakin da yake kan shimfidar wuri wanda yake da zurfin kusan mita 3 daga saman duniya.

Yakan yi kiba a kan ƙananan dabbobi da sauran ƙananan dabbobi: fieldanƙarar filin, ,an kunar bakin wake, dabbobin ƙasa, dabbar maciji, macizai, ƙwalla da kajin tsuntsayen da ke tashi a ƙasa, ƙwari da larvae, tsutsotsi da kuma garken. Badar Amurka ma tana farautar rattlesnakes, wanda namansa mai laushi ya bayyana a fili game da dandanorsa. Idan farauta ta yi nasara, to, sai su ɓoye abinci mafi kyau a cikin keɓarsu don ci daga baya. Idan aka kori badger a cikin kusurwa, tana iya kaiwa maƙiyanta hari. Jawo mai kauri, mai kauri, tsokoki mai ƙarfi da aminci suna kiyaye shi, bugu da ƙari, yana ciji, ƙyallen kuma yana fitar da wari mara dadi daga glandar anal. Gerargidan a hankali ta koma zuwa rami mafi kusa, kuma, tun da rami, daga ciki ya toshe ƙofar shiga. Idan babu wani rami da ya dace a kusa, dabba da sauri ta fara tono ta, tana jefa datti da ƙasa kai tsaye a gaban maharin. Badakare yana da tsabta, a kullun yakan lulluɓe dattin sa, kuma yakan kasance yana tsabtace kansa da kyau, yana yin lasar kayan sa. A arewa na kewayon kuma a cikin tsaunuka ya fada cikin lokacin hunturu na kwanaki ko makonni. A lokacin bacci, zazzabi na jiki ya sauka, kuma bugun jini yayi bacci da rabi. Shiga cikin rami a lokacin bacci, sai jakar ta kansar daga ciki. A cikin hunturu, wani lokacin maharbi yakan bar gidansa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ba ya matsawa gaba daga rami fiye da 250 m.

Badariyar baƙar fata dabba ce ta ƙasa. Wani sashin namiji yana zagaye da sassan mata da yawa. Miyagun doan kare ba su kiyaye iyakokin shirye-shiryen ba, amma suna da matuƙar tsare raminsu game da mamayewar baƙi. Baya ga lokacin kiwo da kuma narkar da zuriya, yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa.

Cutar ciki na har tsawon watanni 6. Mace ta haifi mugayen 1 zuwa 5 a cikin wani gida mai tsari da aka shirya zurfin cikin ƙasa a cikin rami mai rikitarwa. Newan jarirai marasa taimako ne da makafi, an lullube su da kurar fata. Idanun a buɗe a cikin mako na huɗu. Lactation yana kimanin makonni shida.

(Meles meles)

Tana zaune kusan dukkanin Turai (sai dai yankuna na arewacin Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland da ɓangaren Turai na Rasha), Caucasus da Transcaucasia, Crimea, Asiaan Asiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kudancin da Tsakiyar Siberiya, kudu maso gabas, Gabashin China, Koriya ta Koriya, da Japan.

Tsawon Jikin - 60-90 cm, wutsiya - 20-24 cm, nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 24, a kaka, kafin farawar gashi - har zuwa kilogiram 34.

Ana samunsa galibi a cikin gandun daji gauraye da taiga, ƙasa da kullun a cikin gandun dutse, a kudu na kewayon ana samunsa a cikin ƙauyuka da hamada. Tana dacewa da bushewa, yankuna masu kyau, amma kusa (har zuwa 1 km) Wuraren ruwa ko ƙananan kwari, inda wadatar abinci ta wadatar.

Maharbi na zaune ne a cikin burƙu mai zurfi, wanda ke tono a gefen gangara mai yashi, kwari kogi da gulles. Dabbobi daga tsara zuwa tsara suna manne wa wuraren da suka fi so, kamar yadda bincike ya nuna ta hanyar nazarin ƙasa, wasu daga cikin biranen baƙuwar tasi sun cika shekaru dubu da yawa. Leayan mutane ɗaya suna amfani da burrows mai sauƙi, tare da ƙofar shiga ɗaya da ɗakin sharar gida. Tsohuwar tudun munanan abubuwa hadaddun tsari ne mai dumbin yawa wanda ke da dumbin yawa (har zuwa 40-50) ciki da budewar iska da kuma dogayen (5-10 m) tashoshin da zasu kai ga manyan dakuna biyu na 2-3 da aka lika tare da busasshen zuriyar, wanda yake a zurfin 5 m. Mafi yawan lokuta ana sanya wuraren girke-girke karkashin kariyar ruwa na ruwa, wanda ke hana ruwan sama da ruwan karkashin kasa shiga ciki. Lokaci-lokaci, ramuka ana tsabtace ta ta hanyar badgers, ana jefa tsohuwar zuriyar dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci sauran dabbobi suna mamaye su: dawakai, karnukan karnuka.

Badger din yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, kodayake ana iya ganinsa da rana - da safe har zuwa 8, da yamma - bayan awanni 5-6.

Badger masanin komai ne. Yana ciyarwa akan ƙwayau, kamar kwayoyi, kwarkwata, tsuntsaye da ƙwayayensu, kwari da larvae, mollus, ƙwaya, namomin kaza, berries, kwayoyi da ciyawa. A yayin farauta, sai ya sanya akwatin ya zama ya zagaya manyan wuraren, yana yada bishiyoyi da suka fadi, har ya lalata yajin bishiyoyi da kututture don neman tsutsotsi da kwari. Wani lokacin maharbi yakan sami 50-70 ko fiye da kwaɗi, ɗaruruwan kwari da huɗun dabbobi yayin farauta ɗaya.Koyaya, yana cin abinci kilogiram 0.5 kawai a rana, kuma kawai faɗuwa ya ci abinci mai yawa kuma yana ciyar da mai, wanda ke ba shi tushen tushen abinci mai gina jiki yayin baccin hunturu.

Wannan shine kawai wakilin marten, ɓarke ​​don hunturu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, maɓallin ya riga ya kasance a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba na hibern har zuwa Maris - Afrilu; a cikin yankuna na kudanci, inda lokacin bazara ke da sauƙi da gajere, yana aiki a duk shekara.

Badgers suna cikin matan aure. Suna yin nau'i-nau'i a cikin kaka, amma dabbar ta hanyar canjin ciki da hadi suna faruwa a lokuta daban-daban, sabili da haka tsawon lokacin ciki, wanda ke da latti mai nisa, ya canza. Cutar ciki a cikin mace na iya wucewa daga kwanaki 271 (lokacin hutun bazara) zuwa kwanaki 450 (a lokacin hunturu). An haifi Cubs (2-6): a Turai - a watan Disamba - Afrilu, a Rasha - a watan Maris - Afrilu. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, mace ta sake hadi. Cuban sandansu sun fara gani sarai tsawon kwanaki 35–42, kuma tun yana shekara 3 da haihuwa sun fara ciyar da kansu. A cikin kaka, a kan Hauwa na rashin himma, broods fada baya.

Yarinya mata sun zama balaga a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, maza a cikin na uku. Tsammani na rayuwar mara lamba shine 10-12, a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 16.

(Arctonyx collaris)

An rarraba shi a kudu maso gabas Asiya: Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, game da. Sumatra.

Tsayin jiki har zuwa 70 cm, nauyi 7-14 kg.

Tana zaune a filayen da ke cike da gandun daji, gandun daji mai tsayi da tuddai (teledu ya hau zuwa 3,500 m sama da matakin teku), yankunan daji, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (daji), da filayen noma.

Yana kaiwa zuwa rayuwar rayuwar da ba ta dace ba (amma a Indiya ana iya ganinta tun da sassafe ko kuma da yamma), ta ɓoye cikin wani rami da aka tono ta da yamma ko ɓoyewa cikin mafaka na halitta (rami a ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko ɓoye, a gadajen kogin). Babban aiki a kasar Sin daga 3 zuwa 5 na safe da kuma daga 19 zuwa 21 da yamma.

A yayin da maharbi ya kawo mata hari, tana kare kanta da kaifin baki da hakoranta masu karfi. Telecud yana da fata mai kauri wanda ke kare ta da kyau daga haƙoran abokan gaba. Zane kuma yana zama gargadi ne cewa yana da ha ari kuma yana da kyau a bar shi kawai. Kamar sauran Kunim, yana da ƙwayoyin gland na furotin wanda ke rufe sirrin pungent.

Akwai shaidun cewa daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu (Maris), teledus ya faɗi cikin barcin hunturu.

Abincin ya hada da: tsutsotsin ƙasa, karkatattun abubuwa, tushen, amfanin gona da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya sami abinci da godiya ga yadda yake jin ƙanshi, kuma da taimakon molas da incisors na ƙananan muƙamuƙin sai ya tono shi daga ƙasa.

Mafi m, yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa ne kawai, saboda mafi yawan lokuta ana haduwa dasu a lokaci daya. Wani lokacin akwai mata masu motsawa tare da zuriyarsu a cikin kogon.

Ciki yakan kai kimanin watanni 10. Mace ta teledu ta haifi 'ya' yan kwalliya na 2-4 (matsakaicin 3). Jariri yakai nauyin nauyin 58. Lactation yana dauke har zuwa watanni 4. Girman 'yar tsintsiya ta dabba ya kai watanni 7-8.

(Melogale personata)

An rarraba shi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Nepal, Indiya, Burma, China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Java.)

Tsayin Jikin 33-45 cm, wutsiya 15-23 cm. Weight - 1-3 kg

Ba a san kaɗan game da halayen ferret badger ba. Yana jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, amma kuma ana iya samunsa a maraice. Dabbobin suna kwana a cikin rami ko wani tsari. Burrows kansu ba su tono, amma watsi burrows sauran dabbobi ana amfani. Wannan galibi dabba ce ta ƙasa, amma, farauta ga kwari da katantanwa, tana hawa zuwa bishiyoyi.

Don sadarwa tare da dangi da kuma kariya yana amfani da sirrin glandon anal. Lokacin da badger yayi tafiya a cikin yankin sa, yana nuna hanyarsa don daga baya nemo hanyar kuma ya dawo ramin. Ya kan iyakokin duk wani makircin nasa da alamomin iri daya, yana mai gargadin cewa tuni ya mallake shi.

Cockroaches, ciyawar ciyawa, gwoza da ciyawar ƙasa an haɗa su a cikin abincin. Yayin da yake kan hanya, yakan farauta kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (berayen yara), da kwaɗi, yatsun hannu, ƙananan beraye da kuma tsuntsaye. Yana cin abinci, ƙwai na tsuntsu da abinci irin shuka ('ya'yan itatuwa).

Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa. Kowane ɗayan ɓangaren namiji ya mallaki 4-7 ha, kuma yana mamaye makircin mata da yawa. Cutar ciki tana kwana 57-80. Matar ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 1-3.Lactation yana makonni 2-3.

(Lutra lutra)

Yana faruwa a cikin sararin sararin samaniya wanda ya mamaye kusan dukkanin Turai (ban da Netherlands da Switzerland), Asiya (ban da ƙasashen larabawa) da arewacin Afirka. A Rasha, ba ya nan kawai a Arewacin Faris.

Tsawon jikinta shine 55-55 cm, karenta shine 26-55 cm, kuma nauyinta shine 6-5 kg. Pauduna masu gajarta ne, tare da membran na iyo. Saƙar tana da jijiya, mara sauri.

The otter yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa, yin iyo daidai, ruwa da samun abinci a ruwa. Yana zaune galibi a cikin koguna na gandun da ke da kifin, ba sau da yawa a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna. Yana faruwa a bakin teku. Yana fifita koguna tare da raƙuman ruwa, tare da kwarin-sanyi mai sanyi a lokacin hunturu, tare da tsaftataccen ruwa, cike da bankunan iska, inda akwai mafaka da dama da kuma wuraren da za'a iya yin girke-girke. Wani lokacin yakan shirya hanyarsa zuwa cikin kogo ko, kamar gida, a cikin ciyawar da ke kusa da ruwa. Hanyoyin ruwanta na buɗe a ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Yankunan farauta guda ɗaya a lokacin bazara sun haɗa da ɓangaren kogin daga tsawan kilomita 2 zuwa 18 kuma tsawon zurfin 100 zuwa gaɓar teku. A cikin hunturu, tare da raguwar kifayen kifaye da daskarewa tare da dusar ƙanƙara, ana tilasta wa yawo, wani lokacin haye ruwan kogi kai tsaye A lokaci guda, otter yana gangarowa daga gangara, yana sauka ƙasa da ciki kuma yana barin wata alama ta halin kwatancen gutter. A kan kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, tana gudana kowace rana har zuwa kilomita 15-20.

Tushen maƙiyin yana ciyar da kifi (irin kifi, pike, kifi, roach, gobies), kuma ya fi son ƙaramar kifi. A cikin hunturu, yana cin kwaɗi, a kai a kai - ƙarancin caddis. A lokacin rani, ban da kifi, yana kama voles na ruwa da wasu mashinai, kuma a wuraren yakan farauta manyan giwayen da duwatsun.

Otters dabbobi ne kawai. Mating, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yanayi, yana faruwa a lokacin bazara (Maris - Afrilu) ko kusan dukkanin zagaye shekara (a Ingila). Otters dinta cikin ruwa. Cutar ciki - tare da latent lokacin isa 270 kwanaki, da lokacin haihuwar da kanta ne kawai kwanaki 63. A brood yawanci 2 makafi cubs. Tsarin balaga na otter yana faruwa ne a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku.

(Lutra maculicollis)

Ana samo shi a cikin tafkuna Victoria da Tanganyika, da kuma a cikin yankuna ciyayi waɗanda ke kudu da hamadar Sahara. The otter zaune kusa da ruwa mai dindindin ko mai mutuwa a lokacin fari. Ya fi son tsaftataccen ruwa da rairayin bakin teku, wanda aka samo a cikin tabkuna, fadama, koguna, da kuma a cikin koguna a tsauni. Ba ya shiga kogunan da ke da kogunan ruwa mai karfi na yanzu da mara zurfi.

Tsayin jikin mutum har zuwa 57.5 cm, wutsiya 33-44.5 cm a tsawon. Yawan maza shine kilogiram 4-5, mata sunkai kilogiram 3.5-4.

Aiki a kowane lokaci na rana. Babban aikinta yana farawa sa'o'i 2-3 kafin faduwar rana ko bayan fitowar rana. Yana bacci a cikin raminsa, wanda ya dace da kusancin ruwa. Gano bakin otter yana daya daga cikin kwararrun masu iyo da yawa na duk tsararru masu ruwa. Dabbobi suna da wasa kuma suna daukar lokaci mai yawa suna wasa tare da wasu masu fa'ida, amma suna iya wasa su kaɗai. Arancin ruwa yana fifita ruwa sama da zurfi, tunda cikin su ne babban abin da ake kashewa - cichlids. Ana aiwatar da kamun kifi ba fiye da 10 m daga bakin tekun. Sharp claws sune mahimmanci ga kama kifin da suke ci daga wutsiyar, wasu lokuta suna jefa kawuna. Abubuwan lura sun nuna cewa yawanci otter yakan kama kifi a cikin mintuna 10-20.

Abubuwan abinci na yau da kullun sune kifi (barbs, clariasis, haplochromis, perch-mouthed perch, trout da tilapia), frogs, crabs, mollusks, kwari na ruwa da larvae.

Yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici, sai idan mace tana da 'ya'yanta. Ana iya ganin irin waɗannan gungun dangi (mutum 3-4) a lokacin lokacin renon zuriyar. Namiji yana da babban yanki inda mata da yawa zasu iya rayuwa. Kowane otter yana da yankin yanki mai nisan mil 3.5 daga gabar teku. Doarfin ƙarfi bai kiyaye yankinsu ba, barin wasu masu sihiri su yi farauta a ciki.

Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 60-65. Mace ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 2-3. Yarinya tare da gashi mai laushi na gashi an haife su. Sun fara iyo a mako na takwas. Lactation yana zuwa makwanni 12-16.Matasa na yin wasa da yawa, wanda ke taimaka musu su kware dabarun farauta. Yayinda suka girma, matsoraci matasa zasu zauna kuma suyi rayuwa mai yanci.

(Lutra sumatrana)

An rarraba shi a Asiya (tsibirin Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia). Na dogon lokaci, an dauki nau'in halittar da ta shuɗe har sai, a cikin 1998, an gano adadin jama'a a Tailandia.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-82 cm, jela shine 35-50 cm.

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji tare da ciyawa masu ban tsoro, da kifaye, da wuraren kiwo, kogin rafi, da wuraren kiwo, da ciyayi tare da gandun daji.

Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da salon rayuwa da kuma ɗaukar wannan otter.

(Lutrogale perspicillata)

Rarraba a cikin Iraq, Kudu da kudu maso gabas Asia, Kudancin China.

Tsawon jiki tare da kai shine 65.5-79 cm, wutsiya - 40.6-50.5 cm. Weight - 7-11 kg.

Yana zaune a cikin mazauna daban-daban - manyan koguna da tabkuna, gandun daji na peat, tsirrai na gefen tekun da kewayen teku, filayen shinkafa, wurare masu dutse (tare da manyan koguna). Guji buɗe tukunyar yumɓu da wuraren yashi.

Terarancin Taushi mai saurin zama dabba ce ta zamantakewa. Maza da mata suna zaune da renon matasa tare. Mai yiwuwa, mace ce ta fi kowace dabba ƙarfi a rukuni.

Foodarancin abinci na irin wannan rukuni ya mamaye yanki na 7-12 km 2 kuma ya haɗa da ɗayan ko fiye da biyu tare da aƙalla rami ɗaya a ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa. Markeda'idodin yankuna alamar alama ce ta tarin tsirai da ɓarnar ɓoyayyen gland mai narkewa wanda yake a gindin wutsiya. Otters suna amfani da ƙanshin don ƙayyade iyakokin yanar gizon kuma a matsayin hanyar sadarwa: suna alamar ciyayi, dutse mai laushi ko kan iyakar gabar yankinsu.

(Pteronura brasiliensis)

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na kwari na Amazon. Tsarin kogin, wanda aka sami babban otter, ya hada da kogin Orinoco da La Plata.

Tsayin jikin mutum har zuwa mita biyu (wanda kusan 70 cm shi ne wutsiya) da nauyin jikinsa akan kilo 20.

Babban gizon yana aiki da rana kuma ba ya jin tsoro sosai. A cikin ruwa, tana farautar kifaye da tsuntsayen ruwa; a ƙasa, ba ta raina ƙwayayen ƙwai da ƙwaiƙiyar tsuntsaye. An fara farauta ne a kungiyance, wato, membobin wannan kungiyan farauta suna fitar da kifi zuwa juna.

Wurin zama rami ne, ƙofar wacce take daga ƙarƙashin ruwa, ɗakin bayan gida koyaushe ana shirya ke nan kusa. Ya kan nemi ganima cikin ruwa amintacce tare da idanunsa, da kuma wasu misassuka a kasa da kuma cikin ruwan laka. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 2-3, maƙiyi matasa zasu bar ƙungiyar dangi don neman yankin su. Lokacin tafiyarsu, basa shiga ƙungiyar da aka riga aka kafa, sai lokacinda zai yuwu maye gurbin ɗaya daga cikin membobin rinjaye. Idan mai gidan ya kasa samun yankinsa kuma zai fara dangi, ya koma ga iyayen.

Babbar otter wata dabba ce ta zamantakewa wacce ke zama cikin gungun dangi (4-8, wasu lokuta har mutane 20), inda mace ta zama zakara - ta mallaki himmar zabar lokacin da wurin farauta da nishaɗi. Mafi girman maza yakan kori bakin haure daga dandalin dangi, kuma dukkan membobin gidan suna shiga cikin yaƙin tare da masu keta iyaka. Dabbobi da yawa a kai a kai suna yin iyakokin iyakokin ƙasa. Groupungiyar ta ƙunshi nau'ikan kiwo, ɗaya ko fiye da kwikwiyo manya da dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci adadin maza da mata iri daya ne. Ma'aurata masu shayarwa an ci amanar juna: suna yin barci tare a rami ɗaya, kuma yayin farauta suna zama kusa. Girman tsarin farauta na dangi ya dogara da lokacin (12-23 km tare da bay ko 20 kilomita tare tafkin). Ana lura da iyakokin shafin sakamakon ƙanshin gland shine yake. Dukkanin membobin kungiyar suna kiyaye kusanci da juna: suna lura da junan su, suna wasa, suna bacci kuma suna farauta, sannan kuma suna kula da zuriya, suna maye junan su akan aikin tare rami.

Babu takamaiman lokacin kiwo. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 65-70. Mace a cikin rami ta haife pua puan kwiyakwana 3-5 wanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 200. Lokacin haihuwa, cuba'yan tuni suna da tabarau. Jawo yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske; yayin da ya girma yana kara duhu.A mako na huxu, idanu suka bude, a cikin watanni biyu suka koyi yin iyo da kokarin cin kifin. Lactation yana zuwa watanni 5.

(Lontra canadensis)

Tana zaune a Arewacin Amurka daga Alaska da Kanada kusan ko'ina cikin Amurka, banda na ƙasa mai laushi na Texas, Arizona, Nevada da California zuwa kudu zuwa Mexico.

Tsawon jiki shine 90-120 cm, wutsiya 32-46 cm. Weight - har zuwa kilogiram 14.

Yawancin lokaci yana zaune tsakanin ɗaruruwan mita daga maɓallin ruwa, amma ba shi da ma'ana ga kowane yanayi da ƙasa.

Tana cin naman dabbobi masu ruwa, galibi amphibians, kifi, ƙarancin lobsters, crustaceans da sauran hanyoyin ruwa na ruwa. Akwai lokuta na kai hare-hare kan tsuntsayen ruwa da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Idan babu wani abinci, masu baƙar fata suna cinye berries (musamman blueberries) da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kusan kashi 80% na yawan abincin kogin otter yana kunshe da kwayoyin halittar ruwa.

Rayuwar rayuwar kogin Kanada tana can-ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Kafafuwan gaban suna ƙasa da kafafun hind, wanda ya ba da damar masu ruwa suyi iyo sosai. Yayin da dabbobin ke iyo a hankali, sai su yi layi tare da dukkan paws hudu. A lokacin yin iyo ko ruwa, mai maɗaukakin yakan danna ɗan gajeren hancinsa zuwa gaɓoɓin jikinsa, ya fara aiki da ƙafafun kafa mai ƙarfi da wutsiya, yana haifar da motsi kamar-motsi. Zai iya yin yalwa mai kaifi tare da wutsiyarsa na tsoka, kodayake kafafu da wuya suna taka rawa sosai wajen sarrafawa da daidaita motsi. Kanter na Kanada na iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin 18 m.

Idanun otter sun daidaita don farauta a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A cikin ruwa mai kauri, lokacin da hangen nesa bai yi kyau ba, masu fafutuka suna farauta ne saboda kuncin baki, wadanda ke ganin rawar ruwa da wanda abin ya shafa zai iya samu.

Otters suna da matukar tasiri. Suna kama cin abincinsu da jajayensu, bawai saniyar ware ba. Dabbobi suna da rawa, kamar su zamewa a kan iska ko dusar ƙanƙara, sau da yawa zaka iya haɗuwa da gungun masu wasa.

Jawo mai dumin jiki yana sa jikin ya yi zafi kuma ya bushe, har a cikin ruwan sanyi. Ruwa mai ruwa yana ba shi maiko na musamman. Amma domin fur ɗin ya riƙe abubuwan ta, kulawa mai mahimmanci wajibi ne a gare shi, wanda otter ke ciyar da wani lokaci. Lokacin neman sabon mazauna, otter yana motsawa tare da koguna ko rafi maimakon yin tafiya akan ƙasa. Kuma kawai a cikin bazara, matasa masu binciken neman yankin nasu, tafiya kuma ta hanyar ƙasa.

Yana faruwa guda ɗaya ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma wani lokacin ana kiyaye otters a cikin ƙananan rukuni. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ire-iren wadannan kungiyoyin dangi ne wanda ya kunshi uwa da zuriyarta.

Yankunan farauta kusa da bakin kogin suna da yawa kuma yawanci sun haɗa da kilomita da yawa (wani lokacin har zuwa kilomita 40-50) na gabar kogin, waɗanda dabbobi ke ziyarta akai-akai yayin farauta. Matsakaicin yawan jama'a shine 1 otter ga kowane 4 kilomita na kogin. Maza suna da dabarun aure fiye da na mata. Abubuwan da ke nuna ƙasa yanki ne, amma suna da haƙƙin baƙi, kuma suna ƙoƙarin gujewa juna ta hanyar yiwa iyakokin makircinsu ƙamshi (asirin da aka saki daga glandon a gindin wutsiya, fitsari da kuma feces).

Mace macen mace mai ruwa a cikin wani rami a cikin rami tsakanin ciyayi mai ɗimbin kusa da ruwa ko a rami wanda yake da kofofin ciki da ƙarancin ruwa. Daga rassan bakin ciki daga ciyawa a cikin ramin an gina gida. Matar tana da nau'i-nau'i kan nono. Mace na da ikon daidaita gabanta kwana 20 bayan haihuwar matasa.

Ciki yakan wuce watanni 10-12. Bayan hadi, qwai ya raba na wani dan lokaci, amma kada ku taba bangon mahaifa, kuma watani biyu kacal kafin haihuwa, sun hadu da jikin mahaifiyar kuma zasu kammala ci gaban su. Mace ta haifi 'ya' yan 'yata masu ido biyu-biyu da aka rufe da fur. Idanun suna buɗe bayan makonni 3-4. Tun yana dan wata biyu, 'yan kwikwiyo suka fara iyo. Lactation yana zuwa sati bakwai. Har sai da ya kai wata shida, mace zata kula da 'ya' yanta, sannan kuma wani lokacin mahaifinta yakan fara kulawa da zuriya. Matasa masu rauni a cikin gungun dangi suna koyon iyo da ruwa da farauta. A shekara ta riga sun sami 'yanci gabaɗaya. Motheraramar uwa ta bar lokacin da ta shirya haihuwa don zuriyar dabbobi ta gaba. Kawai kusan rabin zuriya suna rayuwa zuwa shekaru 2-3.Tsawon rayuwa a cikin yanayi shine shekaru 12-15, a cikin bauta zuwa shekaru 23.

(Lontra felina)

Yana faruwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yanayin zafi a gabar tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka (daga arewacin Peru zuwa iyakar Kudancin Cape). Smallarancin jama'a sun tsira daga Argentina a gabar gabashin Tierra del Fuego. An gabatar da nau'in zuwa tsibirin Falkland, inda manoman fur suka kawo su, a nan suke zaune yanzu a cikin kananan kungiyoyi. Zuwa arewa, maɓallin teku ba ya wuce 6 ° S, a kudu - babu gaba da 53 ° S.

Tsayin Jikin - 57.0-78.7 cm, tsawon wutsiya 30.0-36.2 cm Jikin Jikin - 3.2-5.8 kg.

Teku na teku, ba kamar takwarorinsa ba, suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin teku da kuma kusa da shi. Tana zaune a yankin da ke kusa da tsaunin dutse, inda iska mai ƙarfi ke busawa. Sun mamaye wuraren biya da wuraren rafukan kogin da ke hade da tasirin ruwa da kwararar komputa na 2.0-2.5, tare da bankunan da ke da yawan rufin dazuzzuka da kananan bishiyoyi, suna miƙewa har zuwa matakin ruwa.

Babban abokan gaba su ne kisa whales (kisa whales). Matakan dabbobi suna farauta daga sharks, dabbobin ruwa da dabbobi.

Kogin teku yana da mutuƙar yawo, tana ciyar da kanta ne a cikin yankin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Abincin ya hada da daskararru (Lithodes antarctica), mollusks, kifi, tsuntsayen ruwa da sauran abubuwan da suke rayuwa a cikin teku. Wani lokacin yakan shiga kogi don bincika ruwan jigilar ruwa (Criphiops caementarius). A cikin lokacin 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itacen tsire-tsire na bakin teku daga dangin bromeliad suna cin abinci. Kimanin abin da ya shafi abincin shine: kifi (30%), crustaceans (40%), mollusks (20%) da sauran abinci (10%).

Abun teku shine dabba mai dattaku da sirri, mai jagora (galibi) salon rayuwar rana (wani lokacin zai iya zama mai aiki da yamma da asuba). A cikin ruwa, dabbobi suna kashe kashi 60-70% na rayuwarsu na farauta da samun abinci. Tana iyo a ruwa, yana kwance kai da baya.

Iskar teku tana ɗaukar abin da ta kama 100-500 daga bakin tekun, tana komawa zuwa zurfin 30-50 m, ruwa a kusa da kankara kuma a cikin ɓawon katako. Kowane nutse yana da tsawon 15-30. Wannan nau'in baya amfani da duwatsun azaman kayan aiki don tsabtace ƙwayoyin ɓawon burodi, kamar yadda kogin otter yake yi.

Kodayake mahaɗar teku yawancin dabbobi masu ruwa ne, amma a wasu lokutan suna yin tafiya ta ƙasa, suna tashi daga bakin tekun zuwa 30 m kuma kawai lokacin farautar, suna iya zuwa 500 a ƙasa. Dabbobi suna son shakatawa a cikin ciyayi mai yawa wanda ke girma a kan tudu kusa da gefen ruwa, yawanci ba a wuce mil 2-2.5 daga ruwa. Hanyar otter itace rami da rami wanda ɗayan manholes ke jagorantar zuwa ƙasa kuma ya haifar da lamuran ƙasa. Duk lokacin da dabbobi basa 'yanci farauta, sai su huta. Abubuwan da aka fi so a wuraren hutawa suna a cikin ciyayi mai yawa. Ana amfani da tabarau don haihuwar zuriya, ciyarwa, hutawa da bacci. Abubuwan da ke cikin teku suna ƙaunar shakatawa a cikin rana, suna daidaita kan duwatsu kimanin mita 1 sama da matakin teku. 'Yan ta'ada suna shirya wasan rooker da burrows a wuraren abinci da yawa.

Okter teku yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Matsakaicin yawan jama'a shine 1ters 4-10 a kowace kilomita daga gabar teku. Wasu lokuta ana samun otters a cikin rukuni na biyu zuwa uku, amma ba ƙari ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sun fi so su daidaita ba kusa da 200 m daga juna. Waɗannan ba dabbobi bane yan ƙasa kuma, ba tare da wata fitina ba, suna da alaƙa da bayyanar wasu dabbobi na jinsinsu a shafin. Mata da yawa za su iya tsayawa a kan rukunin yanar gizo, wanda ya hada da wuraren farauta, wuraren hutawa da kabura. Wani lokacin alamomi suna alamar tare da fitsari da feces da kankara, amma a gaba ɗaya galibi yakan wargaza wurin da suke bacci.

Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 60-70. Mace na haihuwar yara biyu (wani lokacin 4-5). Lactation yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa. Matasa suna zama tare da iyayensu tsawon watanni 10. Iyaye sukan kawo abinci ga 'yan kwikwiyo tare da koya musu yadda ake farauta.

(Lontra Longicaudis)

An rarraba shi daga Mexico zuwa Kudancin Amurka (Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, arewacin Argentina).

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-79 cm, jela shine 37.5-57 cm.Girman jiki - 5-15 kg.

Tana zaune a cikin tabkuna, koguna, fadama-ruwa da lagoons na mazaunan koguna daban-daban da ke cikin dazuzzuka masu ƙyalli da baƙi, savannah Ya fi son zama cikin tsabta, koguna masu gudu. Akwai shaidar kwararar bakin Amurkawa da ke zaune a ramin ban ruwa na filayen shinkafa da sukari a Guyana.

(Cinereus amblonyx)

Aka rarraba a Indonesia, China ta kudu, India ta kudu, Asiya da Philippines.

Tsawon jiki tare da kai shine 45-61 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine cm 25-35. Jikin jikinsa shine kilogram 2.7-5.4.

Tana zaune a yankuna masu kwari da ciyayi a Kudancin Asiya. Babban wuraren zama: ƙananan rafuffukan ruwa, wurare masu zurfi da filayen shinkafa, duka a cikin tsaunuka da yankunan bakin teku. Yana guje wa ruwa mai zurfi.

Yana ciyarwa akan katako, katantanwa, lobsters, mollusks, frogs da sauran kananan dabbobin ruwa.

Otter din mara tabbas yana daukar lokaci mai tsawo akan ƙasa fiye da sauran nau'ikan otters. Kamar ayaba, ya sami ganima, yana zamewa ƙasa da farautarsa, yana shiga cikin laka ƙasa yana jujjuya duwatsu. Wsarna daɗaɗɗen hawaye zai fara gutsure kafin ya tura shi cikin bakinsa. Otters sune kawai dabbobi masu shayarwa, banda dabbobi masu cin gashin kansu, masu ikon yin amfani da “hannayensu” kamar mutane. Shellfish tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar otter an wanke bakin teku kuma an shimfiɗa su a cikin rana. Bayan jiran mollusks don raunana da bude kansu, dabbobin suna cinye su.

Abun da yai shiru shine na zamantakewa, mai basira da dabbobi masu son hankali. Lokacin da ba su yin bacci, suna wasa, iyo ko rummage a cikin ƙasa mai laka. Hanya ɗaya na sadarwa tare da otters shine wasa. Lokacin da masu kiwo ba su farauta ba suna wasa, sukan yi jifa a kan duwatsun, sunkuru a rana, ko yin iyo cikin nishaɗi don nishaɗi. Sun gina ramuka kusa da ruwa tare da rami mai fita wanda aka haƙa a zurfin kusan 90 cm a ƙarƙashin ruwa, galibi tare da ƙarin ƙofa guda ɗaya sama da matakin ruwa. Abubuwan da ba su da ma'ana waɗanda ke da rauni, don haka zasu iya tono ramuka a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, mafi yawan lokuta suna amfani da mafaka ta halitta ko amfani da ramuka na wasu dabbobi.

Abubuwan da ke ɓoye na Gabas mara ƙarfi sune dabbobi na zamantakewa. Matan aure sun mamaye maza. Yawancin otters, da suka kai ga balaga ta zahiri, suna kasancewa tare da iyayensu, ta haka suna haifar rukuni na 4-12 har ma kusan mutane 20. Don sadarwa, masu amfani da otters suna amfani da hanyar sauti da ƙanshi. Suna amfani da kamshi don tantance iyakokin ƙasa da bayar da bayanai game da mutum (jinsi, ainihi, lokaci tsakanin ziyarar). Smellanshin kowane otter yana ɗauka ɗaya ne kamar yatsa.

Akwai litter biyu zuwa biyu a shekara. Estrus a cikin mace mai fure mara iska na tsawon kwanaki 3, kuma idan hadi bai faru ba, sake zagayowar ya sake maimaitawa bayan kwanaki 28. Mace, a shirye take ta hanyar canjin ciki, ta tona asirin tare da warin musky daga gland mai kamshi (wacce take a gindin wutsiyar). Namiji, da yaji wannan warin, nan da nan ya fara kulawa da abokin sa sosai, wanda ke tattare da shi a wasannin da suka gabata. Zuriya daga iyayen biyu ne. Namiji yana kawo abin da zai ci ga uwa da zuriyarsa har yara ƙanana su fara kamun kansu.

Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 60-64. Akwai kananan yara 2-6 a cikin lilin, waɗanda aka haife su tsirara kuma marasa taimako. Yawan nauyinsu yakai 40-50 g, tsayin su yakai cm 14 Milk a gabashin mara mai karfi sosai (mai mai ya ninka kusan sau 6 fiye da yadda yake a cikin saniya)), duk da wannan, jariran suna girma a hankali. Idanu a bude ranar 40. A makonni 9 da haihuwa, sun fara iyo, kuma a cikin kwanaki 80 suna cin abincin manya.

Tsawon rayuwa a cikin yanayi shine shekaru 12-14, a zaman bauta - a kalla shekaru 22.

(Aonyx capensis)

Rarraba a Afirka daga Senegal zuwa Habasha, a kudu ya isa Afirka ta Kudu, a arewa zuwa Abisiniya. Na gama gari a Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia da Zimbabwe. Lessarancin gama gari a Angola, Benin, Botswana, Chadi, Saliyo, Swaziland da Uganda, akan Ivory Coast.

Tsawon jiki tare da kai shine 60-100 cm, wutsiya - 40-71 cm.Weight daga 12 zuwa 15 kg.

Mazaunan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, filayen budewa da kuma hamada. Yawancin lokaci yakan zauna kusa da maɓallin ruwa (a hankali yana gudana koguna, a gefen bankunan tafkunan koguna).

Yana ciyarwa a kan katako, ƙarancin lobsters, mollusks da frogs. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin abincin sa na iya zama kunkuru, kifi, lizards, waterfowl da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kusa-kusa.

A cikin hanyar rayuwa, dabbobi masu ruwa da na kusa-kusa. Otter din mara tsinkaye ya zaɓi ƙaramin tafkunan. Yawancin jama'a suna zaune a cikin jikunan ruwan, sauran suka mamaye tekun. Ya kamata mai shan iska mai ƙoshin ruwa ya zama ruwan daɗi sabili da haka, saboda haka, yana zaune kusa da tushen ruwa.

Maƙiyan yakan ɓoye mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin ruwa, iyo a saman ruwa da ruwa don kama ganima. Yayin farauta, otter ya fadi tare da kafafan sa tare da ginin, tsakanin duwatsu da laka. Lokacin da maijin ya hango ganima, sai ya yi ƙasa ya sauka, ya kama shi, ya dawo bisa farfajiya. Abun da ya ci, otter zai tsayar da haƙoransa, kuma idan ya cancanta ya taimaki kansa da hakora.

Lokacin cin naman dabbobin da aka riga aka ci, mai murfin kare iska yana amfani da goshin fari da haƙoran hakora waɗanda zasu iya murƙushe ƙwayoyin mollusk. Don buɗaɗaɗaɗɗen ruwa mai dorewa, yana amfani da dutse azaman kayan aiki. Bayan farauta, otter yakan fito daga ruwa, yana birgima a kan ciyawa ko yashi har sai ya bushe, tsaftace ajikin sa kuma yakanyi goge da abubuwa daban-daban: bishiyoyi, kututture, ƙurar ƙasa, toka mai laushi, sannan dunƙulen otter a rana.

An samo wuraren wanka kusa da tsaftacewa da wuraren hutawa, amma galibi masu baƙar magana da baƙi na Afirka suna amfani da wurare na musamman kusa da titin bayan gida. Nisa daga “gidan bayan gida” zuwa ruwan yana kan matsakaici 4.2 m. Yawancin zubar (85%) na otter an bar su a nesa daga 1-7 m daga ruwa kuma 15% har zuwa 10-15 m daga ruwa. Wani maciji da ke zaune a bakin tekun ya farauta a cikin teku da kuma rairayin bakin teku masu ruwa mai daɗi. A lokacin fari, an tilasta wa yin yawo cikin neman yanayi mai dacewa.

Don hutawa ta rana ko ta hanyar tafiya, otter mara ƙima yakan zama yana amfani da burukan da wasu dabbobi suka toya, ko kuma yana cikin shinge mai ciyawar da ke gefen kogin kogi ko kuma tsibiran tsibiri. A wasu lokutan yakan shirya mata titin karkashin duwatsun dutse, gaggun kwari, bishiyoyi da suka fadi ko karkashin gandun daji. A cikin ƙasa mai yashi, otter kanta yana haƙa ramuka. Wasu burrows suna da ƙofofin da yawa waɗanda ke sama ko ƙasa da matakin ruwa, kuma haɓakar tonon ya kai daga 1.9 zuwa 2.9 m tsawon. Hanyar shiga ciki 246-361 mm tsayi ne kuma 32-85 mm fadi (ya danganta da girman rami mai masaukin). Ramin ya ƙare a cikin rami tare da diamita na 30-40 cm, wanda kullun an yi layi tare da ciyayi. Itacen otter yana da hanyar kansa sama da 15 (ƙasa da sau 50) daga tafkin ruwa. Maƙillan dake kusa da juna suna tazara da juna.

Abun da ba'a san Afirkan ba, a gefe guda, dabba ce mai zaman kanta, amma a lokaci guda ana kiyaye dabbobi a cikin kungiyoyi masu dangantaka, wuraren farauta wanda galibi yakan mamaye shi. Maza suna farautar kilomita 17, mata - 14, kodayake sun fi yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin yankin gidansu, wanda shine rabin girman farauta. Otters daga iyalai da ke zaune a kusa sukan ciyar da juna, yawanci tare suke kare iyakokin makircinsu daga baki.

Haihuwa lkbncz kamar kwana 63. Mace ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo na 2-5 (a kan matsakaici - 2-3). An puan kulirai makafi ne kuma an haife su cike da launin toka, launin talauci mai saurin lalacewa. A lokacin sati-sati, 'yan kwikwiyo sunkai kimanin 260 g, kuma sati biyu da haihuwa - 700-1400 g.Dan kwikwiyo sun girma a lokacin daga ranakun 16 zuwa 30. Mace tana ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo tare da madara: tana da nau'i biyu na nono. Tsakanin makonni 8 zuwa 16, tsafe-tsafe mara tsauri masu tsinkaya suna samun gram 330 kowannensu. a Sati. Mace ta daina ciyar da madara a kwanaki 45-60. Iyali suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har shekara ɗaya ko fiye.

(Enhydra lutris)

An rarraba shi a yankin gabashin gabas na Rasha, a bakin tekun Alaska da kuma bakin tekun California.

Maza manya sun yi nauyi daga kilogiram 22 zuwa 45 kuma sun girma cikin tsayi daga 120 zuwa 150 cm.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da teku suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin halittar teku, suna sarrafa adadin urchins na teku. Rarraba irin wadannan hanyoyin da ba a sarrafa su ba suna haifar da lalacewar algae, wanda, a cikin sa, yana da tasirin da zai iya canzawa akan yanayin halittun ruwa.

Abubuwan teku suna haifar da rayuwar yau da kullun, suna amfani da mafi yawan lokaci a ruwa. A halin yanzu, otters na teku waɗanda ke zaune a wurare da ba a yarda da mutane ba, alal misali, a tsibirin Mednoy, har yanzu suna kwana a kan ƙasa mai tsayin mita 10-15 daga ruwa, musamman ma a lokacin hadari. Lokacin da teku take da wuya, dabbobi da yawa ko marasa lafiya suna zuwa bakin teku, saboda ba su da karfin jure ruwan. Bugu da kari, mace-macen maharbi na arewa suna ba da 'ya'ya mata a ƙasa: a kan tudu ko kuma gaɓar tekun. A wani gefen, otters na teku waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna da mutane ke rayuwa, kamar su California otters, da wuya su fito daga cikin ruwa. Jikin matashin teku zai bashi damar yin bacci cikin ruwa yayin da yake kwance a bayansa, saboda yadda huhun dabbar ya mamaye kuma yana iya daukar isasshen iska domin dabbar ta iya kiyaye buqatar saukin kai. Koyaya, yanayin yanayin ruwa shine mafi kyawun halitta kuma mai aminci ga masu rairayin bakin teku. Abubuwan da ke cikin teku sun fi dacewa don motsi a cikin ruwa fiye da kan ƙasa, a cikin ruwa ne dabbobi suka fi son cin abincin da aka fitar. A cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, maɓuɓɓugan teku suna barin gabar teku don nesa da kilomita 25, a lokacin guguwa sun gwammace tsayawa cikin ruwa mara zurfi.

Abubuwan da ke cikin teku sune dabbobi masu ƙauna sosai, duka dangane da juna da kuma dabbobin da ke kewaye da su, ban da waɗanda aka haɗa cikin abincinsu. Abubuwan teku suna zaune tare da kwanciyar hankali tare da hatimin fur, zakuna na teku, like, wani lokacin kuma suna raba gadaje. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin waɗannan dabbobin suna da wuya sosai. Rashin jituwa ya samo asali ne tsakanin mazaunin ƙasa, amma a mafi yawan lokuta alama ce.

Abubuwan da ke cikin teku wani lokaci suna rayuwa su kadai, amma mafi yawan lokuta a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi ba tare da alamun kowace ƙungiya ba. Yanzu masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa irin waɗannan rukunin basu da shugabannin da suka bayyana. Wasu dabbobi wasu lokuta suna barin irin waɗannan rukunin, wasu lokuta sababbin shiga suna shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi, wasu mutane suna haɗuwa da sabon shiga mai kyau, kuma ba ƙiyayya, kamar yadda yake faruwa da sauran nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ire-iren wadannan kungiyoyi da kansu, a matsayin mai mulki, ana keɓance su ne waɗanda suka kunshi mace ko namiji, ko mace ɗaya, ko kuma mace mai 'ya'ya mata. Babu wani tsarin motsi na irin wannan rukunin kungiyoyin teku da aka samu. Yayin wannan rana, gungun masu gadin teku suna yin iyo a cikin yanki mai nisan mil 5.5, kuma wasu mutane ba sa yin iyo fiye da kilomita 2 a kowace rana. Babu ƙaura ta yanayi a cikin yanayin teku. Tunda mata masu bakin teku ba su da alaƙa da wani wuri fiye da mazaunin ƙasa, ƙungiyoyi ba su da madaidaiciya a cikin halittar dabbobi. Samuwar ƙungiyoyi yana faruwa a wurare guda, mafi dacewa don shakatawa, yawanci a cikin mafi yawan lokacin farin ciki na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Otarancin maɓallan teku na maza kaɗai wani lokacin suna rufe mahimmancin nisa.

Abubuwan da ke cikin teku suna jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki, kuma ban da wannan, suna kashe makamashi mai yawa don kula da zafin jikinsu (38 ° C), suna amfani da lokaci mai yawa a ruwa. A wannan batun, mahaɗan teku suna buƙatar cin abinci yau da kullun a cikin adadin 20-25% na nauyin jiki. Matsakaicin metabolism na otters teku ya ninka sau 8 sama da na dabbobi masu shayarwa daidai da girman su. Don haka, sukan ci abinci mai zurfin teku sau da yawa kuma da yawa.

Abincin mayuka na teku ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni, amma koyaushe yana kunshe da yawancin urchins na teku, mollusks da crabs. Yawancin lokaci tekun teku suna nutse don ganima a cikin ruwa mara nauyi kuma suna tattara ganima daga ƙasa a cikin aljihun da aka zana ta hanyar fatar fatar mutum kuma yana ƙarƙashin gungume gaban hagu.(Aljihu yana ɗaya daga ƙarƙashin ikon dama, amma maɓuɓɓugan teku ba sa amfani da shi, tun da, bisa la’akari da cewa, dukansu na hannun dama ne). Bayan kun samo samfurori da yawa, alamomin teku suna zaune a bayansu ta fuskar ruwa kuma ku ɗauki samfurori masu ma'ana ɗaya daga aljihunsu, ku buɗe su ko ku fasa su, sannan ku ci su. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, a waccan, ana juyar da tudun bakin teku 360 ° a cikin ruwa don tsabtace ciki daga bakin ciki, kuma aljihunan wannan aikin ba komai bane. Irin wannan aiki yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsabtace fur.

Na'urar duniya baki ɗaya na ƙwayar gastrointestinal na otter teku tana ba shi damar cin abinci iri-iri. Tabbas, a cikin yunwa, a wani lokacin ana tilasta wa masu farautar teku farauta har ma da tsuntsayen bakin teku, kuma wani lokacin, a cewar mafarautan, suna cin naman dabbobin da suka fadi, musamman dawakai arctic. Abubuwan da ke cikin teku suna sha ruwan teku, kuma yana da yawa fiye da sauran dabbobin teku, wanda mai yiwuwa ne saboda abincin da suke da shi wanda ya ƙunshi abinci mai yawa.

Abubuwan da ke cikin teku ba su da ma'anar lokacin canjin yanayi, saboda haka, dabbar ta hanyar canjin cancanta da haihuwar kodan na faruwa a shekara. Wasu masana kimiyya, kodayake, suna lura da yanayin matsewar bazara a wasu wurare na mazauninsu.

Mummunan teku na maza sun isa ga balaga har zuwa shekaru 5-6 (kuma riƙe riƙe haihuwa har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa), mace - yawanci zuwa shekaru 4, ƙasa da sau biyu zuwa shekaru 2-3. Ana samun farfaɗoyar farfaɗo da farfaɗowa a manyan abubuwan da ke gudana a cikin ruwa da kuma motsawa. Mace da namiji suna iyo da ruwa bayan juna tsawon lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ma'ajin kai tsaye ya fara. Haɓakar kansa koyaushe yana faruwa a cikin ruwa, amma a wurare daban-daban a wurare daban-daban, kodayake, halayyar mutum ne lallai namiji ya riƙe mace da haƙoransa ta hanci, haɓakar endsarshe tana ƙare da cizo mai saurin cizo. Dangane da wannan, mace da kwarewar dabbar tayi dace da sifofin halayya. Dukansu yayin saduwa da lokacin aure, namiji yana cikin ruwa, fuskantar fuska, wani lokacin kiyaye mace a cikin ruwa. Dangane da wannan, a lokuta da dama, dabbar ta hanyar canjin mace tana iya zama mace-mace. “Iyalan” abar bakin teku suna da yawa da yawa, wato, namiji zai iya hada mace da yawa lokaci guda. Namiji ya zauna tare da mace tsawon kwanaki 3-5 kuma a wannan lokacin yana kare ta daga masu gasa, duk da haka, takaddama tsakanin maza kusan ba ta haifar da fada, amma an warware shi a matakin barazanar.

Cutar ciki a cikin bakin teku mata na farawa da jinkirta, amfrayo da farko ya ratsa ta wani latti wanda zai tsawan watanni 2-3, a lokacin da bai haɗu da bangon igiyar ciki (kusan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa kusan 100) suna da wannan fasalin, wannan yana bawa jikin mahaifiyar damar zaɓi mafi kyawun lokacin rayuwa na ciki kanta). Cutar da kanta tayi kimanin watanni 6 (watanni 7-8 a arewacin teku).

Mace a cikin mata mafi yawan jituwa suna faruwa ne a kan dutse ko gabar teku. A cikin kashi 99 cikin 100 na lokuta, ana haihuwar akuya ɗaya (beyar). A lokuta da dama, 'yan tagwaye ne ake haihuwar su, amma a yanayi na yau da kullun sai ɗan guda ɗaya zai iya rayuwa. Cubs an haife launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi a launi, mai nauyin kilogram 1.5, an rufe shi da ƙananan yara. Cutar kananan yara san baƙi sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan teku, don haka cuban tagwayen na biyu na iya rayuwa idan wata mace wadda cubansa ta mutu.

Abubuwanda ke haifar da bala'in teku a watanni da yawa basu iya rayuwa da kansu kuma sun dogara ne akan mahaifiyarsu. Maza ba sa shiga cikin tsarin koyon karatu da barin mata a rana ɗaya ko biyu bayan matsu. Dukkanin farkon watanni na rayuwar otter, mahaifiyar tana kiyaye shi a cikin ciki, ciyarwa, ilmantarwa da kuma magance shi, lokaci-lokaci kawai barin ɗanta akan dutse ko kan ruwa yayin da take shayar da abinci don kanta. A wannan lokacin, ƙaramin otter na teku yayi firgigit, yana jiran uwa ta dawo.Wani mai fashin bakin teku wanda zai iya tsayawa da kansa a kan ruwan a wani wuri mai tsayi, kamar "iyo", amma baya iya iyo, samun abincinsa kuma bai san yadda ake haɗuwa ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin teku sun dogara ne da mahaifiyarsu daga watanni 5 zuwa 15 (matsakaici na watanni 6), mace-macen jarirai sun yi yawa sosai: kimanin kashi 30% na sa diean sun mutu a farkon shekarar rayuwa.

A watan farko, mahaifiyar tana ciyar da ɗan kwatankwacin madara tare da madararta, wacce tayi kama da madara ta sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa fiye da ta madara ta wasu marten, kuma tana ɗauke da kitse 23%, furotin 13% da kuma 1% lactose. Bayan haka, ta fara ciyar da jariri a hankali "abincin da ya girma". A hankali, mahaifiyar tana koyar da sanann hanyoyi daban daban na farauta, cin abinci “daidai”, tseyawa da sauran ƙwarewa.