Hedgehogs sune manyan jarumai game da tatsuniyoyi da zane mai ban dariya da yawa; sun saba da mu duka tun suna yara. A lokacin rani, lokacin da rana ta fadi, waɗannan dabbobin masu ban sha'awa za a iya haɗuwa ba kawai a gefen daji ba, har ma a kan titin ƙauyuka masu natsuwa, wuraren shakatawa na birni, gami da lambuna inda suke neman abinci - gwoza, tsutsotsi da sauran wuraren motsa jiki.
A ina ake shinge?
Hedgehogs ya bayyana a duniya sama da miliyan 15 da suka gabata. A yau suna zaune a Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai, yankin Turai na Rasha, New Zealand, Scandinavia, Kazakhstan. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin Far East da Siberiya. Sun gwammace su zauna a cikin dazuzzukan daji, da ciyayi. A cikin ciyayi masu tsayi, da tushen tsoffin bishiyoyi, za su iya ɓoyewa daga maƙiya (dawakai, mujiyoyi, ƙyallen daji, kuliyoyi, dodo da ciyawa). Guji yawan hadaddun iska mai rarrafe, wurare masu tsaunuka da ruwa.
Wasu nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin busassun kwari da hamada na Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Iri shinggehogs
Gidan shinge (Erinaceidae) ya hada da ƙananan ƙananan wurare biyu: Ezhinie, ko real shinggehogs (Erinaceinae), da kuma waƙa (Galericinae) (wanda ake kira bege shinggehogs). Gymnastics, sabanin sanannun sanannun shinge na shinge da aka lullube da allura, ana hana su “ado”.
Rashin shinge na Gas na hakika ya haɗu da nau'ikan shinge guda 15 a cikin janare huɗu:
Wakilai na shinge na Afirka na Afirka:
- Algeriya,
- Farar fata
- Somali,
- Afirka ta Kudu.
2 jinsunan suna cikin kwayoyin halittar urpe:
Halin halittar shinge Eurasi ya hada da:
- Gabashin Turai
- Amur
- Talakawa ko Turai.
Hali Karin Hedgehogs:
- Apodal,
- Indiyawan,
- An yi aiki tare
- Abun duhu
- Habasha,
- Dogon tsohuwar Hedgehog
A cikin fauna na Rasha, ana samun nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobi guda uku: gama gari (shinge na Turai), shinge na Daurian da eared hedgehog. Harshen shinge na yau da kullun shine mafi girma kuma mafi yawan jinsuna.
Harshen egeheg na da kusan rabin rabin shingen talakawa. Ya ba da cikakken sunansa: kunnuwansa sun fi tsayi. A cikin Rasha, ana rarraba shi a cikin ƙananan yankin Volga, a cikin Caucasus ta Arewa, a Tuva. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani game da shinge na eared a wannan labarin.
Daurian shinge ya fi girma girma, murfin ƙaya da ke kan kai ba rabu da shi ba, kamar dai a shingen Turai. Rarraba cikin Transbaikalia. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in a cikin wannan a cikin yanayin girgije kuma yana aiki da rana.
Idan kana son samun shinge na gida
Irin wannan nau'in azaman na Afirka da ke bakantawa don ci gaba da kasancewa a gida ya fi dacewa fiye da shinge na yau da kullun (Turai). Dwarf African Hedgehog - wani nau'in tsari ne, wanda aka keɓe musamman don aikin gida. Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da na Turai a gare mu, baya fitar da ƙanshi, yana da abokantaka kuma ba ya suturtawa. Bugu da kari, maza daga cikin fararen hular da ke da farin fata a Afirka ba su da alamar yankin, kuma hassadar mata ba ta da mahimmanci.
Siffofin waje na shinge
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 14-30 cm, wutsiyar ta kusan cm 3. Girman shinge yana dogara ne akan dabbar da yar Afirka ce ko kuma asalin Turai. Harshen shinge na Afirka ya girma zuwa matsakaicin 24 cm, shinge na Turai yayi girma - har zuwa cm 30. Suna awo daga 0.7 zuwa 1.2 kg. Nauyin dabbobi ya dogara da kakar: a cikin kaka sune suka fi ciyar da su.
Launin shinge na iya bambanta dan kadan. Kashi na sama yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin shuɗi tare da kwalliyar launuka masu haske, amma na iya zama baƙi ko fatar launin toka-toka. Abun ciki, ya danganta da nau'in, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka ko baƙi, sau da yawa tare da farin tabo akan kirji. An rufe kai da ciki tare da gashin m, wanda ke ba da damar shinge ba su jefa kansu da allura ba lokacin da suke shiga cikin ball. Nuna tare da kaifi mai kaifi, kafafu mai kafaɗa dan kadan fiye da na gaba. Akwai yatsu 5 akan kowane kafa.
Hedgehogs suna da wulakantaccen wayar hannu, idanu baki da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye. Gashi a kan fuska ya bambanta da launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Hanci mai kaifi na shinge, kamar hanci na karnuka, ya kasance rigar koyaushe.
Yawancin jikin dabbobi an rufe su da allura har zuwa santimita uku. Abubuwan da suke amfani da allura suna ba da dabbobi azaman kariya mai kyau daga yawancin makiya: hargitsi a cikin ƙwallo mai ƙyalli, shinge ya zama kusan abin da ake iya cin nasara ga masu hasara. A tsakiyar ɓangaren kai akwai madaurin da ba a rufe shi da allura ko gashi.
Hedgehog needles
Abubuwan allura sune “katin ziyartar” shinge, sun rufe baya da kuma gefen bangarorin dabbar. Mayan shinge suna da allura sama da 5,000. Needles suna mutun gashi. A gefen dabbar za ku iya ganin allurai na bakin ciki da kuma tsananin bakin gashi, da ke nuni da ci gaban wasu.
Hedgehog needles suna da haske kuma mai jurewa, kowannensu yana da kananan kananan dakuna, suna rabuwa da juna ta faranti na bakin ciki. Kusa da tushe, allura taper zuwa wuyan bakin ciki mai tauri, sannan kuma ya sake faɗaɗawa zuwa ƙaramin ƙwallon da ke zaune a fata. Irin wannan na'urar tana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa kowane nauyin waje akan allura (alal misali, girgiza lokacin da ya faɗi) yana haifar da ƙwanƙwasa ɓangaren ɓoyayyen ɓangarensu mai motsi, kuma baya ga gabatarwar tushen allura cikin jikin shinge. Karamin tsoka yana da alaƙa da tushe na kowane allura, wanda ya kawo shi cikin matsayi tsaye. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan tsokoki suna cikin annashuwa kuma allurai suna laushi. Idan akwai haɗari, shinge ba shi da ninka cikin ball, nan da nan sai ya ɗaga allurai kuma ya jira barazanar ta wuce. Alƙawarin da aka ɗaga tare da tukwici masu kaifi suna tsayawa a cikin matakai daban-daban a kusurwoyi mabambanta, suna haye juna, wanda ke haifar da rigar yaƙi mai ɗaukar hankali.
Ta yaya shinge mai shinge zai shiga ball?
Kowa ya san iyawar shinge heckle a wasan ball mai tsada. Amma ta yaya suke yi? Abinda ya kasance shine a ƙarƙashin fatarsu akwai ƙwayar tsoka mai ƙarfi, wacce aka haɓaka ta tarnaƙi sama da tsakiyar ta baya, suna haɓaka zoben da aka rufe - tsoka mai juyi. Lokacin da tsoka da madaidaiciya tayi kwangila, yana aiki kamar igiya wacce take kusantar buɗewar jaka. Lokacin da shinge zai fara jujjuyawa, ƙananan ƙananan tsokoki biyu suna fara fatar da fata tare da murfin allura da ƙwanƙarar zobe da ke kwance ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa da gefuna, to, ƙwanƙwaran tsoka mai gundurawa, kai da baya suna matsawa juna da karfi, kuma allura suna rufe sassan da ba a kiyaye ba. Wannan na'urar tana da inganci sosai don kariya daga dawakai, karnuka, raccoon, tsuntsayen da suka farauto.
Babu buƙatar madaidaici kariya. Koyaya, basu kubutar da shinge daga kananan cututtukan dake haifar da jini ba, akasin haka, suna fifita mahimman ayukan su akan dabbobi. Bayan wannan, murfin allura mara nauyi baya barin shinge shinge. Wasu dabbobin sun zama mafaka ga dubunnan fleas da dama na ticks. Bugu da ƙari, shinge na fama da mycoses.
Bayyanar
Harshen shinge na yau da kullun shine ƙaramar dabba. Tsawon jikinsa shine 20-30 cm, wutsiya - kimanin nauyin 3 cm nauyin jiki - 700-800 g. Kunnuwa sun yi karanci (galibi ƙasa da 3.5 cm). A mucks ne elongated. Hancin dabbar yana da kaifi kuma yana danshi koyaushe. Talakawa na shinge na zaune a Cyprus suna da kunnuwa da yawa. A saman muƙamuƙi, shinge suna da ƙananan haƙoran haƙora 20, kuma a ƙananan - 16. isanƙan wuraren haɗari na sama suna yadu sosai, suna barin ɗakin don ciwan ƙananan incisors. Shugaban yana da girma babba, mai kamanni, tare da sashin fuskar fuska mai dan kadan. A kan paws, yatsunsu 5 tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Hannun kafafu sun fi gaban gaba. Abubuwan allurar shinge na yau da kullun sunyi gajeru, basu wuce cm 3. A kai, an rarraba allurai zuwa sassa 2 ta hanyar “rabu”. Farfajiyar allurai suna da laushi, launin su yana kunshe da launuka masu launin brown da haske. A baya, tarnaƙi da kai, allura sun kai tsawon cm 2 A ciki suna m, cike da iska. Abubuwan allura suna girma daidai da gashi. Tsakanin allura sune bakin ciki, tsayi, gashi mai tsayi. Ana rufe kai da ciki da wuya kuma yawanci gashi mai launin duhu. A cikin shinge na manya, yawanci 5-6 dubu allura, a cikin matasa mutane kusan 3 dubu.
A kan fuska, kafafu da ciki na shinge na yau da kullun, launi ya bambanta daga launin fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Brownish needles tare da ratsi mai duhu mai duhu. Kirji da makogwaro mai shinge mai kauri ne mai launi, ba tare da farin tabo daban ba. Hedgehogs da suke zaune a Spain suna da launin launi mai launi.
Habitat
Harshen shinge na yau da kullun yana zaune a yawancin wuraren zama, yana guje wa fadada fadada da kuma ci gaba da dazuzzukan daji. Ya fi son gefen, copses, kananan glades, floodplains daga cikin koguna. Wataƙila yana zaune kusa da wani mutum. A cikin Turai, ana iya samun shinge na yau da kullun a cikin gandun daji na bude, filayen ciyawa, a cikin tsintsaye, wuraren yashi har ma a wuraren shakatawa.
Rayuwa
Harshen shinge na yau da kullun dabbobi ne mai aiki da dare. Ba ya son barin gidansa na dogon lokaci. Hedgehogs suna kwana a cikin gida ko wasu mafaka.
An gina ciyayi a cikin bushes, rami, kogon caji, watsi da ɓarnatattun ƙwayoyi ko a cikin bishiyoyi. Yawanci, gida shine 15-20 cm a diamita; ya ƙunshi zuriyar busassun ciyawa ko ganye, gansakuka. Tare da taimakon yatsun tsakiya na dogon zango, shinge kewayen kashin baya. Dabbobin kirji suna lakar harshe. Maza suna yin faɗa da juna, suna k guard are shafukan su. Yankunan irin waɗannan shafuka a cikin maza shine 7-39 ha, kuma a cikin mata - 6-10 ha. Zina a cikin shinge na yau da kullun yana faruwa ne a hankali, yawanci a cikin bazara ko kaka. A matsakaici, allura daya ne daga cikin canje-canje guda uku a shekara. Kowane allura yana girma watanni 12-18. A dabi'a, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa shekaru 3-5, a cikin bauta za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 8-10.
Hedgehogs dabbobi ne masu sauri sosai saboda girman su. Suna iya yin gudu a cikin sauri zuwa 3 m / s, suna da kyau a iyo da tsalle. Lokacin tafiya da gudana, shingewa sun taka zuwa ƙasa tare da ƙafafunsu duka. Kamar dabbobi da yawa na dare, shinge yana da hangen nesa mara kyau, amma suna da kyakkyawar ma'ana da warin ji. A lokacin bazara, raunin zuciya shine takaddama na 180 a cikin minti ɗaya, a cikin rashin himma, mitar yana raguwa zuwa 20-60 bugun minti ɗaya, yayin da shinge ke ɗaukar iska ɗaya a minti ɗaya. Tare da farawa daga sanyi, shinge na Turai yana rufe ƙofar rami kuma ya faɗi cikin rashin himma. Yawancin lokaci wannan ɓarkewar yakan kasance ne daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. A lokacin rashin himma, zafin jikin heedaho ya sauka zuwa 1.8 ° C. A lokacin bazara, yana buƙatar adana mai mai yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, saboda idan talakawa shinge na hibernates ba tare da wadataccen mai ba (ƙasa da 500 g), to a lokacin hunturu yana fuskantar barazanar mutuwa. Bayan rashin isasshen gashi, ba ya barin gida har sai iska ta hau zuwa 15 ° C. Matsakaitan shinge yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa, amma zauna kusa da juna.
Godiya ga aikin bincike game da shinge na Turai a New Zealand, ya zama cewa, tunda sun sami kansu cikin sabbin yanayi, shingayen sun “manta” da zama majalisarsu kuma sun fi yarda su kwana a wuraren zama gama gari. Bugu da kari, shinge ba kawai ya hada da 'ya'yan itaciyar tsire-tsire na asalinsu a cikin abincinsu ba, amma wasu lokuta sun fara kusan maye gurbin abincin dabbobi na yau da kullun.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Harshen shinge na yau da kullun dabbobi ne mai kowa da kowa. Tushen abincinsa yana haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin balagaggu, ƙwaƙƙwarar daji, slugs, wani lokacin earthworms, mice. A cikin al'amuran yanayi, ba a taɓa kaiwa ga saurin ɓoye abubuwa ba, galibi waɗanda ke fama da shinge sun zama dabbobi masu rarrafe da 'yan iska. Daga tsire-tsire na iya ci berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, shinge a yawancin lokaci ba sa cin macizai, tunda tushen abincin shinggehogs kwari ne (a cikin shinge da ke zaune a New Zealand, tushen abincin shi ma 'ya'yan itacen tsirrai ne). A shekara ta 1811, P.S. Pallas ya ba da izinin tabbatar da cewa shinge ba tare da lahani ga kansu ba sun ci boilers waɗanda ke da guba mai guba ga sauran dabbobi. Hedgehogs shima yana da kadan tasiri a cikin guba kamar su arsenic, mercuric chloride, opium, har ma da hydrocyanic acid. Tabbas, allurai da yawa na guba suna da illa ga shinge, amma allurai da suke kashe wasu dabbobi, harma da mutane, basa cutar da shinge.
Mice, waɗanda wasu lokuta ba a ambata su sosai zuwa ƙananan bera na ainihi game da voarancin voble voble, da wuya a samo su a cikin yanayi da ƙanana da yawa a cikin yanayi. A cikin kwari da ke shinge, wanda wasu masu cutarwa an lura dasu (alal misali, Mayun Maya Mayan bishiyoyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai gashi, mataɓar maciji, silkworms marasa aiki).
Ganyayyaki da kajin kowane ƙaramin tsuntsayen da suke farawa a ƙasa suma suke ci.
Kiwo
Bayan hibernation hunturu, shingen farawa na farkon ya dace. Tsakanin maza, faɗa yakan faru ne sanadiyyar mace. Maza suna ciji ƙafafun juna, fuska, turawa, amfani da allura cikin yaƙi. Yayin yaƙin, shinge-shingen ya yi ta kumbura da ƙarfi. Bayan yaƙin, mai nasara da'irori na sa'o'i kusa da mace. Yayin saduwar mace, namiji yana bayan mace. Farjin mace yana daga karshe jikin mutum, kuma azzakarin namiji yana tsakiyar mahaifar, saboda wannan, bashi da bukatar cikakken hawa jikin mace. Kafin aure, mace tayi laushi cikin ƙaya ta ƙaya da baya. Bayan mating, shinge ya watse. A matsayin mafaka, shinge ko dai ya tono ramin nasa ko kuma yayi amfani da ƙasan ɓarnar da aka watsar da shi. A cikin rami akwai busasshen ciyawa da ganye.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mace tana kawo brood guda ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara. Cutar ciki tana kwana 49. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, yawanci 3-8 (mafi sau 4) cubs. Hedgehogs an haife shi tsirara, makafi, tare da launin ruwan hoda mai haske, nauyin jikinsu shine gram 12 kawai. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa, shinge na da farin da allurar duhu mai laushi. Cikakken murfin allura an kafa shi ne ta 15 na rayuwa. Lactation yana kimanin wata 1. Bayan ya ƙare, shinge zai fara rayuwa da kansa. Sunyi jima'i da watanni 10-12.
Amfana da cutarwa ga mutane
Harshen shinge na da amfani ga lalata kwari masu cutarwa: daga cikin kwari da suke cin su sune Mayu, ƙwaƙƙwaran maciji da ƙarancin silkworm. A lokaci guda, shinge na lalata kajin da qwai na kananan tsuntsayen da ke farauta a ƙasa. Don haka, a kan Outer Hebrides, an gabatar da shinge ya zama kwari na ainihi wanda ke lalata tarin tsuntsaye kamar gurnani, dunlin, sawu da cinya.
Harshen shinge na iya zama jigilar cututtuka irin su dermatomycosis, zazzabin rawaya, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, rabies. Ticks da fleas ana samun su da yawa a kansu. Misali, nazarin toksodid na tatsuniya (masu ɗaukar encephalitis na kashin kai, tularemia, babesiosis, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta) sun bayyana cewa shinge na ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin da ke ɗauke da itacen girki a dukkan matakai na ci gaba. A cikin dazuzzuka daji, shinge ya tattara kwari, gami da encephalitic, fiye da kowace dabba, saboda sutturar ta, kamar goga, ke haɗa kwari da ciyawa daga ciyawa. Daga fikayen da suka samu tsakanin allura, shingen ba zai iya kawar da kai ba.
Hedgehog shine mafi yawan gama gari, wasu lokuta nau'ikan suna da yawa. Yana sauƙin dacewa da rayuwa kusa da mutane kuma ana kiyaye shi sau da yawa kamar dabbobi. An sani cewa Romawa da baya a cikin karni na IV. B e. An yi shinge don nama - an gasa shi tare da allura a cikin yumbu. Har ila yau, anyi amfani da fatalwar launin fata Hedgehog don sanya fata:
Hedgehogs kansu ba su da amfani ga rayuwar ɗan adam, kamar yadda yawancinmu muke tunani, domin idan ba su da allura, fatun dabbobi masu laushi zasu zama marasa amfani ga alsan adam: bayan haka, ana amfani da shinge don miya. Koyaya, a nan ma cancantar sayar da wannan samfurin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa 'yan kasuwar da suka mallake ta sun amfana da ƙimar da ba ta da yawa, babu wata matsala da ta buƙaci irin wannan karar a cikin Majalisar Dattawa, kuma babu wani sarki guda ɗaya da ba zai yi gunaguni ba karya ne shinge fata (Pliny Dattijon, Tarihin Halittu VIII. 135).
Wasu magunguna na mutane (musamman don aske) sun haɗa da toka, zazzaɓi, ƙwaya, ko jini daga shinge.
Gaskiya
- Lokacin haɗuwa tare da abu mai ƙushin ƙarfi, shinge yana nuna wani bakon hali wanda aka sani da sa maye. Wani shinge mai izgili wani abu har sai toka ta fara fitowa waje, sannan ya canza shi zuwa allura.
- Wani lokaci shinge sukan harba sigari ko sigari ko auduga tare da ƙanshin turare akan allura. Har yanzu ba a bayyana aikin wannan ɗabi'ar ba. Mai yiwuwa, wannan hanya ce ta magance cututtukan fata.
- Yammataccen imani cewa shinge shinge abinci akan allura kuskure ne.(Misali, kuskure ne gama gari cewa shinge shinge na iya tufatar da apples ko namomin kaza akan alluransu). Mawallafin wannan kuskuren shine Pliny Dattijo, wanda ya rubuta a Tarihin Halitta:
LVl 133. Don lokacin hunturu, ana adana abinci da shinge: bayan sun yi birgima a kan furanni da suka faɗo, sabili da haka shinge a kan barorinsu kuma, riƙe wani apple a cikin bakinsu, canja shi zuwa cikin tsawan bishiyun.
Bayanin dabbobi
Hedgehog karamin dabba ne wanda ke ciyar da kwari. Girmansa na iya kaiwa har zuwa kilogiram 1.2, tsawonsa shine 20 santimita. Mafi yawan lokuta, maza sunfi girma fiye da mace. Sigar shinge mai shinge tana da elongated, kuma tana da girma babba.
Idanun dabbobi suna ƙanƙanuwa kuma an hana su ikon ganin al'ada. Amma, a sake samun hangen nesa, shinge yana da ma'ana ta hanyar yanayi mai kyau da kuma jin wari. Akwai ƙananan kunnuwa a saman shinge, da kuma gajeren gashin baki a kusa da hanci.
Don sauƙaƙe motsi, ƙafafunsa na baya sun fi tsayi fiye da na gaba. Harshen shinge yana da haƙoran haƙora talatin da shida da ƙusoshin dogon a kowane yatsunsu biyar. Wannan kayan aikinshi ne don samun nasa abincin.
Harshen shinge na yau da kullun - hoto da aka saba
Hoton mazaunin gandun daji da tsutsotsi sanannu ne ga kowa da kowa. Daga littattafan yara, ra'ayin dabba mai sauƙin zuciya da mara lahani, wanda galibi yakan faru a kan iyakokin gandun daji da hanyoyi masu ƙyalli, yana rayuwa koyaushe. Asalin sunan wani shinge na yau da kullun yana da tushen Latin kuma yana fassara shi azaman "katangar farashi".
Abubuwan Hedgehog da mazauninsu
Akwai shinge daban-daban sama da 20, amma suna da kusanci iri iri kuma ana iya sanin su saboda manyan muzzles da suke kan babban kai domin matsakaicin matsakaitan shinge har zuwa 20 cm tsayi. Ido Bead suna da rai kwarai da gaske, amma ba sa gani sosai. Amma ƙanshi da ji suna da kyau, ko da yake eriya akan kan jiƙe gaba da hanci da kunnuwa kaɗan.
Mutane da yawa sun yi imani da cewa porcupine kuma shingehog - gungun dabbobi tare da dangi. A zahiri, kamannin yaudara ne, dangin shinge suna zaune ne a tsakanin moles, shush da ƙarancin sanannun kalmomin. Hedgehog-kamar dabba Kayan riguna - ba koyaushe ne danginsa ba. Don haka urchin teku dabba ce, baya kama da mazaunin gandun daji sai dai sunan.
Hedgehog - dabba mai ƙwari, matsakaicin nauyin dabba kusan 800 g ne, amma kafin rashin sa'a ya sami nauyi har zuwa 1200 g. Maza sun ɗan girma fiye da na mace. Kafafun gaba na shinge sunkai gajere, yatsunsu biyar akan kowanne an sanye su da kaifi mai kaifi. Tailan ƙaramin wutsiya har zuwa 3 cm kusan ba a iya ganin ta a ƙarƙashin gashin allurar dabba.
Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa masu haske zuwa 3 cm a ciki, m ciki. A ƙarƙashin kowane allura akwai ƙwayar tsoka wacce zata iya ɗagawa da ragewa. Kimanin allura 1-2 cikin uku a kowace shekara suna girma kuma suna fadi a lokaci-lokaci. Babu cikakkiyar fadadden mayafin aski, sannu a hankali, murfin zai sabunta tsawon shekara daya da rabi. Mutane marasa lafiya ne kawai ke faduwa da allura.
Yawan allura a cikin ɗayan shinge na mutum ya kai 5-6 dubu, kuma a cikin ƙaramin dabba - har zuwa 3,000 spines. Rashin gashi mai shuɗi tsakanin allura shima ya haɗu, kuma akan ciki da kai sune lokacin farin ciki da fentin duhu. Jiki mai laushi mai laushi ya fi zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma daga cikin shinge akwai nau'ikan fararen fata da hange.
Wani sanannen fasalin hedgehogs curl tare da dunƙule glomerulus, idan cikin haɗari. Wannan yiwuwar yana da alaƙa da aikin tsokoki na zobe, da ikon shimfiɗa ɓangaren fata na fata.
A wannan halin, dabbobin za su iya zama na dogon lokaci har sai barazanar ta shuɗe. Alluran da suke girma a kusurwoyi mabambanta kuma suna kafa saƙa mai ƙarfi na ƙaya. Irin wannan ƙwallan da ba a rasa ba.
Shinge na dabbobi zauna nahiyoyi biyu ne kawai: Eurasia da arewacin Afirka. Duk da irin yanayin yanayin yanayin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, shingen shinge ba su sake zama a wurin ba, kodayake burbushin halittu yana nuni da cewa tsohon matsuguni ne.
Cakuda gandun daji da gawawwaki, filayen ciyawa, kwari da yawa na koguna, kwari, wasu lokuta hamada - mazaunan dabbobi masu tsini. Guji kawai wurare masu lalatarwa da wuraren ɗorewa. Kasancewa ta ƙasa shinge a duniyar dabba ba sa alamar, suna zaune shi kaɗai a cikin wani yanki, wanda ake bincika akai-akai don neman abinci.
Yawancin lokaci ana samun Hedgehogs kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam ko kayan tattalin arziki: a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna mara kyau, a gefen biranen da kuma filayen hatsi. Ka ba da gudummawa ga wannan gobarar daji, yanayin ba daidai ba ko abinci.
Hedgehog hali da salon rayuwa
Hedgehogs dabbobi ne na dabbobin daji, A ranar da suke ɓoyewa a tsakanin ɓoyayyu da ɓoyayyen ciyayi, tsakanin tushen tsirrai. Ba sa son zafi, a ɓoye cikin minks mai sanyi ko ciyawar ciyawar bushe, gansakuka, ganye. Girman irin wannan mazaunin ya fi girma girman girman mai shi, har zuwa 20-25 cm Anan Anan dabbar tana kula da mayafin Jawo a kirji da ciki, tana lasar sa da harshe.
Dogon yatsunsu na tsakiya na taimaka wajan tsintar ƙaya idan ya yiwu, wanda ke kare kan magabtansu, amma tara ticks da sauran cututtukan fata. Tsakanin masana kimiyyar halittu, akwai manufar sa'a guda, tana nuna adadin dabbakan da aka tattara yayin awajan motsi cikin gandun daji.
Ruwan wanka na acid yana taimakawa kawar da kwari, don haka shinge na son "iyo" a cikin apples mara kyau ko wasu 'ya'yan itace. Wannan halayyar tana da alaƙa da rashin fahimtar cewa shinge-shinge kamar cin apples. Abubuwan da ake son ɗanɗano na dabba sun sha bamban.
A cikin duhu, ƙanshi mai daɗin kamshi yana taimakawa, hangen nesa da ji suna bayar da gudummawa. Ayyukan dabbobi suna nuna hanya, yana kai kilomita 3 kowace dare. Paan gajeren paws ba ku da izinin motsawa da sauri, amma matakai masu sauri suna ɗaukar shinge cikin sauri don girman su tare da saurin zuwa 3 m / s. Bugu da kari, shinge mai tsalle da tsalle-tsalle masu kyau.
ZUWA menene dabbobi ta shinge ta hanyar dabi'a, kowa ya sani. Yana da kwanciyar hankali, amma yana da abokan gaba da yawa a dabi'a: kyarkeci, dawakai, baƙaƙe, martens, kisa, mujiyoyi, macizai. Lokacin haɗuwa da abokan gaba, shinge na farko ya fara tsalle a wurin mai tsinkaye don farashi, sannan ƙwallen allura ya zama sansanin da ba zai iya jurewa ba. Bayan ya kashe farat da batanci, maharin yakan rasa sha'awa cikin ganima da ganyayyaki.
Amma akwai hanyoyin dabaru don yaudarar mai shinge mai hankali. Wadancan daga dabbobi waɗanda suke cin shinge, mallaki hankalin maharbi. Macijin da yake tururuwar mujiya yayi awon gaba da shirun yayi kokarin kama ganima kwatsam.
Scaarfin Sikeli a paws na tsuntsu yana karewa daga farashi mai sauƙi. Wata macijiya ta yaudari tuki ta hanyar shinge zuwa ruwa ko faduwa daga tsayi zuwa wani tafki. Dabba mai iyo wanda ke bude ciki da kashin ya zama mai rauni ga maharbin.
A cikin duel Harshen maciji da macizai Mai nasara zai zama dabba mai tsoro. Ya kama bakin wutsiyarsa ya juya cikin kwallon, ya yi hakuri ya ja ta a karkashinsa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine rashin kulawa da shinge ga yawancin gubobi.
Don haka, alal misali, jinin masassarar da matafila ko uwargidan daji, kudan zuma, cantharidin na kudajen tsuntsayen basa cutar da mazaunin, kodayake irin wannan guba yana haifar da mutuwa ga sauran dabbobi.
Hydrocyanic acid, opium, arsenic ko mercuric chloride suna da sakamako mai rauni akan shinge. Da kaka, dabbobi suna tara kitse don rashin isasshen abinci. Yawancin nau'in shinge da ke zaune a yankuna na kudanci suna ci gaba da aiki duk shekara.
Lokacin rashin isasshen lokaci yakan wuce cikin rami. Zafin jiki ya ragu, kuma bugun jini ya ragu zuwa bugun 20-60 a minti daya. Farkawa yana faruwa a cikin bazara lokacin da iska ta tashi har zuwa Afrilu. Idan mai mai ƙarko bai isa ba, dabbar za ta iya mutuwa saboda yunwar.
Hedgehogs sun san makircinsu kuma suna kare su daga harin dangi. Matan sun mamaye kadada 10 na yanki, kuma maza - sau 2-3. An nuna zaman su ta hanyar tashin hankali, sauti kama da narkewa. Hedgehog cubs yiyi da quack kamar tsuntsaye.
Hedgehog: bayanin, tsari, halaye. Menene shingehog yayi kama?
Dangane da tsarin halittar dabbobi, shinge daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsari na shinge, da dangin shinge.
Tsawon shinge, bisa ga nau'inta, ya kasance daga 10 zuwa 44 cm. Hakanan, nauyin shingehog na iya zama daga kilogram 300 zuwa kilo 1.5. Wannan dabba tana da wutsiya, kuma wutsiyar shinge tana girma daga 1 zuwa 21 cm tsayi.
Shugaban shinge yana da girma sosai, mai kamanni, kuma muck yana da elongated, an yi masa ado da wayar hannu kuma kullun rigar shinge.
Hakora na shinge, kodayake karami ne, mai kaifi ne. Yawancin lokaci akwai hakora 20 a saman muƙamai da 16 a ƙasan 1. teethan hakoran na sama biyu na farko suna da girma kuma suna kama da siket. Kodayake wasu nau'in shinge suna da hakora 44. Yanzu kun san amsar tambayar, hakora nawa ne na shinge.
Kafafun hular shinge sun fi gaban gaba, kowane ɗayan kafafun yana da yatsu biyar. Iyakar abin da ya rage ita ce farin da ke daurewar kai, wanda yatsun yatsu hudu kacal a kan kafafun sa. Hedgehogs dabbobi ne masu tsabta kuma lokaci-lokaci suna tsabtace allurai tare da taimakon yatsunsu na tsakiya.
Thoyallen ƙaya ko allura mai shinge shine alamar kasuwancinsa, nau'in katin kiran wannan dabbar. Suna bautar da su duka biyu don kariya daga masu farautar - a lokacin haɗari, shinge shinge ya shiga cikin ball, a waje wanda akwai ci gaba da ƙaya, kuma don jigilar kayan abinci daban-daban - shinge sau da yawa kan sanya apples ko namomin kaza a kan allura don canja shi zuwa mink.
A matsakaici, kowane shinge yana da allurai dubu 10. Launi na allura da yawancin nau'ikan shinge na duhu duhu ne kuma raunin haske ne mara wuya. Launin launi na furge na shinge, dangane da nau'inta, na iya zama ruwan kasa, yashi, baƙar fata-fari ko fari.
Kasancewa dabba maras motsi, shinge yana da rashin gani sosai, amma ingantacciyar ma'anar ƙanshi da ji.
Kuma ko da yake shinge dabbobi ne na ƙasa, suna iya iyo sosai kuma suna hawa bishiyoyi.
Menene shingehogs suke ci a yanayi?
Hedgehogs dabbobi ne masu iri iri waɗanda suke cin abinci kamar 'ya'yan itace daban-daban (apples, pears, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries), namomin kaza, gansakuka, itacen ɓaure, da sauran dabbobi: manyan kwari (gwoza, gizo-gizo, ƙanƙara, masassara, ciyawar ƙasa), qwai tsuntsaye. Manyan nau'in shinge na iya farautar manyan beraye, kwaro, bera. Da yake tsayayya da mai guba, shinge kuma yakan kai hari ga macizai masu dafi da kunama.
Hedgehogs yana da matukar muhimmanci a mai da kitse sosai a lokacin bazara da kaka, don samun asarar mai, in ba haka ba zasu iya mutuwa yayin sanyin hunturursu, wanda zasu fada kamar bears tare da farkon lokacin sanyi. Kyakkyawan wadataccen mai ne wanda ya ba da izinin shinge su kasance cikin yanayi na dakatar da raye-raye (sunan kimiyya don saka hijabi a cikin dabbobi) har zuwa bazara.
Harshen Turai
Shi dan iska ne na yau da kullun, wanda ya fi kowa zama dangi na shinge. Tsawon jikin shinge na yau da kullun shine 20-30 cm, kuma yana nauyin gram 800. Yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Turai, amma, ana iya samun sa a wasu ƙasashen Asiya.
Saukar shinge
Halin halayyar wannan shinge, wanda ya ba ta suna, shi ne kunnuwa na tsawon lokaci wanda ba a saba gani ba, suna girma zuwa 5 cm a tsayi. Dogayen shinge masu tsayi kadan ne, suna da cm 12 zuwa 27, tsayinsa ya kai 430 g. Suna zaune a kasashe da yawa a Afirka da kuma a Asiya ,arama, kuma ana iya samun su a Indiya da China.
Harshen Turai na gabashin Turai
A cikin bayyanar, yana da kama da kama da shinge na Turai, amma yana da launi daban-daban, watau, gaban wuya da ciki shine haske. Ya girma zuwa 35 cm a tsawon tare da nauyin 1.2 kilogiram. Yana zaune ba kawai a Gabashin Turai kanta ba, har ma a cikin Urals, da kuma a wasu ƙasashe na Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Harshen pygmy na Afirka
Wannan karamin shinge da ke rayuwa a Afirka sananne ne domin bayyanar ta, tukwicin bututun ta, sabanin sauran shinge, ba na baki bane, fari ne. Har ila yau yana da al'ada idan akwai haɗari yin ihu da ƙwanƙwasawa da ƙarfi. Tsawon jikin shingen pygmy na Afirka shine 15-22 cm, nauyi 350-700 g. Tana zaune a kudu da hamadar Sahara a cikin ƙasashen Afirka da yawa: Najeriya, Sudan, Habasha, Senegal, Mauritania.
Dogon shinge mai tsawo
Wannan shinge ya samu sunan shi godiya har zuwa ga ka'idodin shinge, da tsawo da kauri lokacin da ake bukata. Tsawon allurarsa ya kai 4-4.2 cm .. Abubuwan da suke a jikinsu suna da launi daban, yana iya zama haske ko baƙi. Tsawon jikin wannan shinge shine 22-27 cm, wanda yayi nauyi daga 500 zuwa 900 g. Yana zaune a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Larabawa. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Uzbekistan.
Daurian hedgehog
Wannan wani shinge ne mai shinge wanda ke zaune daga tsaunin Transbaikalia zuwa Mongolia da arewacin China. Ba kamar sauran shinge-shinge ba, spines na wannan nau'in sun fi guntu, yashi ko launin ruwan kasa. Mayafin wannan shinge na launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi.
Yadda za a ciyar da shinge a gida?
A matsayin abinci don shinge, dunƙu, nama mai laushi, ƙwayar hanta, da kifin sabo cikakke ne. A matsayin kayan abinci masu kyau, zaku iya ba shi rayayye baranda, tsutsotsi na gari ko na crickets. Hakanan, shinge-shingen za su yi farin cikin cin apples da karas.
Mutane sau da yawa suna tunanin shin shingehogs na iya samun madara. Muna ba da amsa: a'a, ba shi yiwuwa, shinge yana da rashin haɓakar lactose, wanda ke cikin madara, saboda haka madara na iya haifar da rashin ciki kawai a cikin shinge, amma har ma yana kai ga mutuwarsa.
Yaushe shinge zai shiga rudani?
Kamar yadda muka yi rubutu a sama, shinge cikin faduwar iska. Kodayake shinge shinge da ke rayuwa a cikin bauta ba da alama sun buƙace ta ba, amma ba za ku iya yaudarar da ƙirar dabbobi ba, hanyoyin isar da saƙo na dabi'a ne, don haka ya kamata ku kasance a shirye cewa dabbar dabbar dabbar ku ma za ta shiga cikin ɓarayi yayin hunturu, wataƙila ba haka ba ne kamar shinge wanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta.
Don samun nasarar tsira daga ɓarkewa, shinge na bukatar a ciyar dashi musamman a lokacin faɗuwar rana don tara wadataccen kitsen da ya cancanta. A watan Nuwamba, za ku lura da yadda shinge ya zama iska mai ban tsoro, kuma kamar dai a cikin tsoro, a zahiri wannan shine farkon farawar farashi. Tunda a yanayin hunturu na yanayin gidansu, shinge na cikin gida shima yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da na halitta. Don yin wannan, ware wuri mai ɓoye wani wuri a cikin loggia ko ɗalibi mai mahimmanci, yana da mahimmanci cewa zazzabi a can bai wuce digiri 5 ba. Kuma ƙirƙirar semblance na gida, sa ciyawa, busassun ganye, sawdust, bera, sannan kuma shingen barcin.
Idan kuna da shinge na dwarf na Afirka, to bai kamata ku damu da matsalar rashin hijabi ba, tunda wannan nau'in shinge ba ya fada cikin yanayin hunturu, saboda karancin lokacin hunturu a mazauninsa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da shinge
- Tsohuwar Romawa sun ga shingayen suna da amfani, suna amfani da fatansu na fatansu don magance raguna.
- Sabis suna da wata hanya wacce ba a saba da ita ba wajen magance shan giya, don kawar da wannan dabi'ar lalata da suke sha ... fitsari. Kuma ana amfani da zuciyar dabbar a matsayin talisman wanda ke kiyaye cutarwa daga cututtuka.
- Kuma gypsies suna cin shinge gaba ɗaya, kuma soyayyen shinge shine abincin da suka fi so.
- A cikin 60s na ƙarni na 20 na ƙarshe, yawancin shinge sun mutu saboda laifin McDonalds. Dalilin wannan shine kofunain ice cream na McFlurry. An ɗauke su cikin sharan, sun jawo hankalin shingayen birni mai daɗin rai. Da farko sun fitar da ragowar ice cream tare da nishaɗi, suna manne da kawunansu a cikin gilashin, amma sun gagara cire shi saboda girman gilashin gilashin. Kuma haka suka mutu, kusan walled a cikin tabarau. Sakamakon yawaitar zanga-zangar da masu ba da shawara kan dabbobi, aka tilasta McDonalds ya sauya fasalin gilashin kuma shingayen ya daina mutuwa.
Me man shinge suke ci a daji?
Harshen shinge abu ne na duka-duka. Abincinta shine galibi ya ƙunshi kwari, ciyawar ƙasa, katantanwa, slugs, kwaɗi, mice filin. Wani lokacin zai iya cin amphibian ko reptile. Bugu da kari, shinge ba tare da cinyewa ba akan abincin shuka: 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries, acorns. Idan kun yi sa'a, shinge zai ci da ƙwai da kajin ƙananan tsuntsayen da ke zaune a ƙasa da jin daɗi.
Hedgehogs suna da rauni na gani. Lokacin hulɗa tare da duniyar waje, sun dogara da ƙanshi da ji. Harshen ehur mai zurfi yana da matukar kulawa da sauraro: yana jin saututtuka masu yawa-har zuwa 45 kHz, yayin da mutum yake jin kawai har zuwa 18-20 kHz. Wannan fasalin yana taimakawa shinge gano hanyoyin karkashin kasa.
Lura!
Ana kiran maza don kare yankinsu kuma galibi suna nuna hamayya ga juna. Yanayin da ba a dace dashi ba, wutar daji da kuma rashin abinci suna sa dabbobi su zauna kusa da ƙauyuka, kusa da mutane.
Hedgehogs da Macizai
Dayawa sunji labarin kayan ban mamaki na shinge - jure macijin maciji. Koyaya, wannan ikon, sabanin mongooses, ba cikakke bane (shinge kawai ya rabu da guba) kuma ya bambanta tsakanin mutane daban-daban.Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na erinacin, furotin da tsokoki na dabba ke rufe shi, yana kare guba daga shinge. Wannan abu yana shiga tsakani tare da basur da aikin proteolytic na guba. Erinatsin, haɗe tare da murfin allura mai kariya, yana ba shinge damar kai hari a kan macizai su ci su idan yaƙi ya yi nasara, amma hakan ba koyaushe yake faruwa.
Gidan Hedgehog
Hedgehogs dabbobi ne marasa tsinkaye kuma a ranar suna jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin mink. Suna shirya gida a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, cikin dasa tsiro, tsagi da kuma watsi da sauran dabbobin.
Ginin shingehog yana da matsakaici a girma kuma yawanci baya wuce santimita 20 a diamita. An yi liyi dasu da gansakuka ko bushewar ganye. A shinge nasa, shinge ba kawai zai iya sauka a daren ba, amma kuma yana tsabtace allura kuma yana sanya jijiyoyinsa da ciki.
Bayanin da fasali
Kyakkyawan shinge wani hali ne da aka sani ga yara tun daga farkon zamanin. Shi gwarzo ne na tatsuniyoyi da zane-zane. Kowa ya san yadda waɗannan dabbobi suke. Wannan halitta tana da girma a cikin girman jiki tare da taushi, ƙananan idanu, hanci mai tsawo da ƙananan paws.
Amma mafi kyawu da sifaren fasalin bayyanar sa shine karancin hancin da ya rufe saman jikin. Irin waɗannan allura suna da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka-baƙi ko kuma kawai sikelin launin toka, inda waɗannan launuka ke rikice da bangarorin haske. Ana iya ganin wannan duka a cikin hoto na shinge.
Masanin ilmin halitta zai kara wa wannan bayanin cewa wadannan wakilan fauna sune dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar shinge. Tsawon jikin waɗannan halittu ya sha bamban da kankantacce - ba fiye da 10 cm ba, wanda ya kai kusan rabin mita.
A matsakaici, nauyin shingehog yana kusan kilogram, amma a zahiri taro, kamar girman, ya dogara da nau'ikan da jinsi, ba tare da ambaton shekarun irin waɗannan halittun ba. Zai iya zama duka kilo 300 da kilo daya da rabi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da wutsiya. Hakanan yana iya zama daban: gajarta a ƙayyadaddun girma, kuma ma girma sama da 20 cm.
Murfin wannan halitta yana da tsawo a cikin siffar tajiji, a ƙarshen ƙarshen hanci mai hancinsa ya fito. Hakora na shinge mai kaifi ne, karami. Hannun paws suna da fasali mai ban sha'awa: gabobin baya suna girma da girma fiye da na gaba. Kuma kowane ɗayan paws yana da yatsu biyar, yayin da yatsun tsakiya suka fi tsayi fiye da ɗayan kuma sun dace da tsaftacewa shinge bututuabin da waɗannan halittu galibi ke yi, ta amfani da irin waɗannan na’urori.
Rnsayawan da kansu ƙawane ne a ciki kuma a jikin jikin dabbobi ana musayar su da sihiri, na bakin ciki, da gashi ba wuya. Yawan allura na iya zuwa dubu 10. Abun ciki da kan waxannan halittun su ma an lullube su da ulu. Launin gashi yana iya zama haske, yashi ko kuma duhu.
Yankunan irin waɗannan dabbobi sun bazu sosai a duniya. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun su a Turai, kuma daga Tsibirin Biritaniya har zuwa fadada Siberiya. Suma suna zaune ne a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, a yankuna da yawa na Asiya, a Afirka da New Zealand.
Kare cikin yanayi
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan shinge na yau da kullum yana raguwa da alama. Babban dalilin shine rabuwa da mazauninsu sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, wanda ke haifar da rarrabuwar ɗumbin jama'a zuwa ga ƙananan ƙanana, ba su da alaƙa da juna. Dangane da nazari, yawan mazaunin shinge da ke zaune kilomita 15 kawai daga juna suna da kayan halittar jini daban, wanda ke nuni da musanyar musanyar tsakanin alumma.
Wani muhimmin dalilin da ya sa aka rasa shingen shingaye shine yawan rayukan su a kan hanyoyi, inda dabarun kariya da ke da tasiri a kan masu dabaibaye na kashe su a karkashin kafafun motoci.
'Yan adam sun lalata mazaunin shinge na yau da kullun: dabbobi suna kashe dabbobi ta hanyar yaƙi da kwari, shingaye mara kyau, shinge, raga, waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga motsin su a cikin lambuna.
Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari: shinge shinge ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin dabbobi a duniya, sun tsira da shekarun dusar ƙanƙara, kuma raguwar yawansu alama ce mai ba da tsoro ga bil'adama.
Iri shinggehogs
Akwai isasshen nau'in shinge. Akwai kusan 23 daga cikinsu, kuma an kasafta su cikin gida guda 7 kuma aka haɗa su cikin ƙananan gida biyu. Wakilansu sun banbanta da juna a bayyane da kuma wurin zama. Koyaya, yawancin nau'ikan irin waɗannan dabbobi an rarrabe su da tsokoki masu haɓaka. Halin wari da sauraron shinge na da kyau kwarai da gaske, amma da wuya a kira wahayi da kyau.
Harshe na yau da kullun
Yawancin nau'ikan da suka saba da ban sha'awa ana gabatar dasu a ƙasa.
1. Harshe na yau da kullun Hakanan ana kiranta Turai. A wannan nahiya, irin wadannan dabbobi ba a saba ba ne, amma sun fi yawa a yankuna na tsakiya da yamma, da kuma a Kazakhstan. Ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin Scandinavia da Ingila. Girman jikin waɗannan halittu yana da kusan 25 cm, adadinsu yakai 800 g. Abubuwan buƙatun nau'ikan Turai a cikin manya sun girma 3 cm tsayi.
Abin lura ne cewa irin wannan murfin ƙaya a cikin shinge, kamar ulu, shi ma yana iya zama kamar motsi. Bututun yana canza lokaci, kawai a hankali isa. Wannan tsari na halitta yana faruwa kowace faɗuwa da bazara. Kuma a sannan an maye gurbin kusan sulusin murfin ƙaya na ƙaya.
A maimakon tsohuwar allura, sababbi suna bayyana waɗanda ke girma zuwa cikakken jihar na kusan shekara guda. Launin launinsu launin fata ne mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa da fari. Makarfi, ciki da na dabbobi an lullube su da shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, wani lokacin duhu.
2. Harshen Turai na gabashin Turai. Daga sunan kanta ba wuya a fahimci cewa wannan nau'in, kamar na baya, mazaunin Turai ne. Koyaya, ya fi yawa a cikin yankuna na gabashin na nahiyar. Kuma kewayonsa ya haɗu har zuwa Ural da Asia orarami. Wakilan nau'ikan suna da ɗan girma fiye da na baya: suna girma cikin tsayi ta 35 cm kuma suna awo fiye da kilogram.
Harshen Turai na gabashin Turai
3. Saukar shinge. Irin waɗannan dabbobi idan aka kwatanta da sauran shinge-shingen ba su da girma sosai kuma yawanci ba su kai fiye da rabin kilogram ba. Koyaya, kunnuwansu sun fi girma girma - kimanin cm 3. Kuma irin wannan kayan kwalliyar kwalliya abu ne sananne.
Irin waɗannan shinge suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu dumi na Eurasia, suna da kyau a cikin hamada da busassun kwari. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in shine al'adar ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba, da sauri gudu. Yayinda yawancin nau'ikan shinge sukan ninka cikin kwalliyar kwalliya kuma daskare a cikin wannan tsari.
Saukar shinge
4. Dogon shinge mai tsawo. Sunan da kanta ta watsa shirye-shiryen watsa labaran cewa buƙatun waɗannan shinge sun fi na dangi. Sun kai girman 4 cm ko fiye. Haka kuma, launuka suna iya bambanta sosai: daga haske zuwa maraƙi, amma allurai duhu, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da farin tushe.
An kuma sanya wa annan shinge lakabi da shuɗi saboda kasancewar farar fata a gaban kansa. Sukan zauna a mafi yawan lokuta tsakanin wurare masu dutse, suna rayuwa a sahun ƙafa, wani lokacin ana samunsu akan filayen. Yankunan su sun haɗu zuwa Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan, har ma da ƙasashen Gulf. Ana ɗaukar nau'in halittar ba kasafai ba, kamar yadda aka fada cikin littafin nan Red.
Dogon shinge mai tsawo
5. Harshen Afirka - The iri-iri ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da kunnuwa masu zagaye da ƙananan idanu, wutsiya tsawon cm cm 2.5. Suna zaune a ƙasashe da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara. Wadannan halittun an san su ne saboda farfado da sauti mai kayatarwa. Sun san yadda za su yi ihu da cizo, kuma idan suna jin tsoro, sai su yi ihu da ƙarfi.
Girman maza - wakilan wannan nau'in (galibi suna ƙasa da na mace) na iya zama ƙaiƙai cm 15. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ya sami ƙarin suna: pygmy shingehog. Me shingehogs suke ci? Wadannan mazaunan Afirka suna cin tsutsotsi, katantanwa, macizai, kunama, kwari iri-iri da arachnids.
Harshen Afirka
6. Waka ta yau da kullun. Hedgehogs na wannan nau'in sune mazaunan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi kuma suna wakiltar subfamily na bera na bera. Suna kama da beraye. An kawata bayyanar irin waɗannan halittu da dogo mai tsayi, an rufe shi da sikeli da gashi.
Launi fari galibi fari ne, an haɗa shi da yankunan baki da m. Wadannan halittun suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itaciya, invertebrates da crustaceans, basa raina kifi, kwaɗi da ƙananan dabbobi. Girman dabbobi sun bambanta sosai, amma mafi yawan mutane sun sami damar girma 45 cm a tsawon.
Hedgehog Talakawa
Lokacin hunturu
A cikin watanni masu sanyi, shinge ya shiga cikin ɓarkewa. Kafin kwanciya a cikin rami, dabbar ta sami wani katanga mai kariya wanda ba zai ba ta damar daskarewa a dusar ƙanƙara ba. Jikinsu yana sauka zuwa digiri 3-4, kuma bugun lokacin barci mai nauyi ya haura 60 bugun minti daya.
Idan dabbar ta gaza samun yawan adadin mai da take buƙata, to ba zai iya tsira lokacin hunturu ba. Harshen fata da katako na farka suna farkawa a farkon bazara kuma nan da nan shiga neman kwari.