Haɓar tawadar gargajiya - Wannan wata dabba ce mai dabbobin dabba wacce ke cikin tsarin tsarin dabbobi. Yayin cigaban halitta, dukkan gabobin wannan dabba sun dace da hanyar rayuwa.
Idanun gaba daya suka runtse kuma suka rasa ikon gani. Wannan kusan shine kawai magana a cikin ta'aziyya mai ƙarfi lokacin da aka sami cikakkiyar hasarar hangen nesa. Rayuwar wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ita ce ta musamman a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Bera berayenkamar ja, suna tono dogayen labulen layin, kuma suna tura ƙarancin ƙasa da ke c withtar da ita zuwa saman.
A cikin kwayoyin tawadar dangi, akwai nau'ikan 4. Kowannensu yana da mazauninsa. Dabbobin kwayoyin dabba Ya zabi don rayuwarsa ta kwari, hamada, kwari-daji da kuma bayan daji. Soilasar da ta dace ya kamata ya kasance mai girman matsakaici. Clay da yashi ƙasa ba su dace da su ba. Gidajen su sun haɗa da gandun daji-steppes da Moldova, Ukraine da Russia.
Kwayar halittar bera ta tono ƙasa da haƙoransa
Waɗannan su ne yawancin wuraren kiwo ko ƙasa mara buɗewa mai wadataccen ciyayi. Mole tawadar Allah bera ƙarami a kanta. Tsawonsa shine 30-32 cm. auna daga 700 g. har zuwa 1 kg. Yana gudanar da rayuwa ta yadda bai dace ba, kawai mutane kalilan ne suka gan shi yana raye. Don gyara wannan kuskuren kuma kuyi tunanin bayyanar wannan dabba, mun kawo muku ku dayawa hoto na tawadar Allah berayen.
Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin hoton, bashi da kunnuwa, idanunsa suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fatar fata, kuma ƙananan wutsiyarsa ba za iya gani ba. Gashinan wannan mazaunin karkashin kasa takaice ne, kuma kai yayi kamar bayonetin spade. Af, digs da tunnels tawadar Allah tawadar Allah na musamman da hakora, ba paws.
Wannan yana faruwa kamar haka, gabannin haɗarin cizo na dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ƙasa, sannan kuma tare da taimakon wani sheki mai fesa fuka-fuka, ƙasusuwa ƙasan ƙasa an tura su. Tsarin musamman na muƙamula da tsokoki yana baka damar tura ƙananan abubuwan ciki kuma motsa su gaba ko baya.
Irin wannan aikin yana haifar da mahimmancin lalacewar hakora tawadar Allah bera. Amma kada ku damu, incisors girma da sauri, don haka ba tare da wannan 'kayan aiki' don tono rami ba wannan mazaunin ƙasar ba zai kasance ba. Af, godiya ga aikinsa, ya ba kawai niƙa masu yankan ba, har ma yana nika su yayin tona ƙasa. Compassionarin tausayi ya cancanci dabbobi a bauta.
Ba su da damar niyya da haƙoran haƙoransu kuma wani lokacin ba za su iya rufe bakinsu ba saboda abubuwan ɓarnar sun yi girma girma. Jawo daga waɗannan ƙattai suna da taushi, duhu a launi. An rufe hanci da keratinized fata na fata. Wannan Layer ɗin ne mai kariya. Yana kariya daga lalatattun kayan aikin injin lokacin rawar rami na rami.
Yanayin da kwayar halittar bera
Idan moles ya kwance ƙasa da gabansa, to yashi tawadar Allah berayen welded da iko incisors. Tsarin filaye bayan ayyukan su ya fi girma fiye da na moles, kuma ya kai kusan 0.5 m.
A cikin hoto, sandar tawadar yashi
Yawan nauyin irin wannan tari zai iya kaiwa kilogram 10. Daga wakilai 1 zuwa 20 na wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a 1 ha na ƙasa. Mafi yawan lokutan aiki na rayuwar waɗannan rodents yana faɗuwa a cikin watanni bazara. A lokacin bazara da hunturu, suna zama ƙasa da aiki, amma kada ku faɗa cikin rashin himma. Labyrinths na motsawa daga kwayoyi masu girma bera musamman a tsari.
Babban fasalin su shine tsarin rami mai hade. Don haka, saman bene na "irin wannan ginin" ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne, an samo shi a zurfin 25 cm. A wannan matakin, rodents suna tattara abinci: tubers, shuka rhizomes. A bene na biyu akwai rafuka, filayen damuna da na hunturu da kuma kayan kwalliya. Ya kasance mafi zurfin ciki - 3-4 m.
A cikin hunturu, ƙwanƙwaran ƙofofin wannan ƙasa yana cakuɗe tare da ƙasa, kuma dabbar tana zaune anan har zuwa farkon lokacin da yake daɗaɗawa. Matsakaicin yanki na irin wannan labyrinths shine m 450. Yawan pantant na abinci a cikin wannan yanki zai iya kaiwa guda 10, kuma hannun jari lokacin hunturu na iya zama kilo 10. Ga irin wannan dabarar dabba.
Rayuwar rayuwar manya-manyan berayen bebaye ne. Suna kiyaye iyakar yankinsu. A wasu lokutan, rikice-rikice tsakanin mazan biyu suna ƙarewa da rashin tabbas a ƙasa mai rauni. Ayyukansu suna haifar da babbar illa ga aikin gona.
Molearin alamun tawadar Allah a cikin lambun - Wannan shi ne abin ƙirar ƙasa. Ba wai kawai sun lalata ganimar ado na shafin ba, har ma suna lalata amfanin gona. Daga waɗannan dabbobin da ke cikin ƙasa, masara, lemo, karas, beets da dankali ne ke yawan shafawa. Sai kawai a cikin rana, mutum ɗaya ya sami damar lalata bushes bushes na amfanin gona. Mole bera zauna a wurin, yadda za a magance shi?
Kuna iya kawar da irin wannan kwaro ta hanyar sake haƙa ƙasa. To, halaka abin da suke motsawa. Yana faruwa cewa ƙarancin wari mara kyau ya tilasta su, saboda haka zaka iya amfani da dillalan da aka sayo na musamman. Optionayan zaɓi ɗaya shine yin faɗa kama da tawadar sarkar ta hannu. Saboda wannan, sabuwar ƙofar rami an ƙaddara kuma an nemi wata ƙofar. Sannan bangaren da ke tsakaninsu ya tono.
A cikin hoto wani katon kwaro ne
Wannan dabba ba ta yarda da ɓarkewar abubuwa ba, saboda haka za ta yi ƙoƙarin kawar da lalacewar. A wannan lokacin zai yuwu a kama wannan kwaro. Kick fita tawadar Allah ta tawadar Allah bera mai yiwuwa ne da ruwa. Nemo tukunyar ƙasa wadda aka gauraya da yumɓu ku zuba ruwa a cikin rami kusa.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Berayen bera suke zaune Kadai, amma a lokacin kiwo suna kafa kungiyoyin dangi. Irin wannan dangin sun hada da namiji 1 da mata 1-2. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, membobin irin waɗannan iyalai suna zaune a maƙwabta. Namiji ya tono rami ga masoyiyarsa. Yana motsawa sautikan da mace take yi.
Idan akwai mata guda biyu a cikin rukunin, to sai su yi kiwo bi da bi. Shekarar shekara ɗaya ce ta farko, ta biyu kuma wata. Irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba su warwarewa, idan kawai mutuwa. Ana haihuwar jarirai 2-3 a kowace shekara. Wannan lamari ne mai mahimmanci a cikin lokacin daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu.
Za'a sake tsara rayuwar matasa zama na musamman. Don haka '' yan matan 'sun koma cikin manyan matakan shekara guda bayan fitowar su, da kuma “boysa boysan” - zuwa shekara ta biyu, zuwa ƙananan benaye. Sun zama masu balaga a cikin shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa. Lifespan da tawadar Allah berayen shine shekaru 2.5 zuwa 9.
Entirƙirai mai kyau
Tsawon jiki daga 23 zuwa 30 cm, wutsiya takaice ce. Kunnuwa sun kasa, idanu sun rube kuma sun buya a karkashin fata, wannan shine dalilin da yasa dabbar ta sami suna. Wsunƙun gajeren wando ne, hannaye da ƙafafu suna danɗuwa kaɗan. Claws manyan su ne, amma karami ne na na zakkars. Jawo gajere ne, lokacin farin ciki, mai taushi, ba tare da lint ba. Duk hankula suna da haɓaka, hangen nesa kawai ya ɓace. Ingantattun gashin gashi na tasowa a kusa da bakin, a kan cheeks, goshi, ciki da bayan jiki.
Abubuwan ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki na bera
Berayen bera suna ciyar da yawancin sassan ƙasa na tsire-tsire: tushen, rhizomes, kwararan fitila da tubers. Hakanan ana cinye sassan jikin tsire-tsire, wanda aka jawo shi cikin mink ta tushen.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire da ciyawar da kwayar zarra ta ci, yawancin sune Asteraceae, Umbrella, da Legumes na takin. Don lokacin hunturu, dabba tana yin babban ajiyar kaya (fiye da kilogram 10).
Rarraba kwayar zarra
Yankunan rarraba wannan nau'in sun hada da Turai, Yammacin Asiya da Arewacin Afirka. Berayen beraye suna zaune a cikin kwari, daji-steppes da hamada.
Yawan jama'a ya bambanta da yawa sosai, ya kai mutum 20 ko fiye a kowace kadada, kuma gaba ɗaya yana da daidaituwa kuma ba batun canje-canje masu girma ba. Matsakaicin yawan adadin berayen mutum 3 ne a kowace kadada, idan aka rage yawan ƙwayoyin zuwa mutum 1-2 a kowace kadada, haɗarin lalacewar al increasesumma yana ƙaruwa. Yawan kwayoyi na berayen suna sauka tare da manyan canje-canje a yanayin muhalli, alal misali, fari da karuwar damshin ƙasa, haka kuma ma'amala, ke cutar da shi.
Na gama gari ko Kudancin Rasha ko ƙaramin ƙamshin ido-ƙyalle (Spalax microphthalmus)
Babban sandent tare da tsayin jiki na manya daga 20 zuwa 32 cm, mai nauyin kimanin 700 g ko fiye. Jikin yana da tsawo, cylindrical, wuyansa ba a furta shi. Wsunuka suna da gajeru sosai, an rage wutsiya, an ɓoye ta a fata. Shugaban yana da fadi, falo, sifar da yake saman yayi kama da shebur ne. Idanun sun ragu, a ɓoye suke a ƙarƙashin fata. Kunnen waje yana kama da ƙaramin matashin kai kuma an ɓoye shi a ƙarƙashin gashi. An rufe hanci da murfin ƙaho na launin baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa. Abubuwan gaban gaba suna da yawa, protrude gaba gaba bayan bakin kuma bayyane bayyane. Jawo launuka masu launin launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa, amma gabaɗaya nau'in ya kasance sananne da bambance bambancen launi.
Kirkin ya zama ruwan dare a yankin steppe da kuma gandun daji-steppe na Rasha da Ukraine tsakanin Dnieper da Volga, a cikin Moldova. Iyakokin kudu na kewayon sun haɗu da Yankin Caucasus. Eku yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu ciyawar ciyayi, baya zurfi cikin gandun daji, amma yana iya rayuwa a gefunan, a bels na daji, kan sharewa da kuma kusa da gandun daji. A wuraren da ake nomawa, adadin mutane ƙanana ne.
Babban katuwar tawadar Allah (Spalax giganteus)
Babban sandent tare da tsawon jiki na 25 zuwa 35 cm, mai nauyin 1 kg. Jikin na sama yana da haske, launin toka-mai kaɗa ko ocher-brown. A cikin tsofaffin mutane, shugaban da ke saman ya ke fari fari. Harshen tummy mai launin toka ne. Wani lokacin akwai fararen fata a ciki da goshi.
'Ya'yan halittar suna cike da hamada zuwa yankin hamada na Caspian na arewa-gabas na Ciscaucasia. An samo shi kusa da rafin Kuma, Terek da Sulak. Kwayoyin halittar bera da ke zaune a wani yanki daban daban da ke kusa da gabar Kogin Ural a Kazakhstan wani lokaci suna zama wani keɓance ɗaya daga cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin ƙwayar Ural (Spalax uralensis).
Halin bera hali
Berayen berayen suna jagorantar rayuwa ta karkashin kasa, suna ta tono hakoran hadaddun tsayi har zuwa 250 m, a zurfin kusan kimanin m 3. Tsarin motsin kwayoyin halitta yana zuwa saman yanayi a cikin yanayin lokuta.
Kwayar kwayoyi ta zame ta a kasa tare da karfin tasirin gabanta, amma kada ta tono shi. A gefe guda kuma lebe na lebe a bayan abubuwan da suka faru yayin wannan aikin yana rufe bakin da karfi. Dabba tana tura duniya mai laushi a kanta. Tun da tara tarin qasa, kwari bera ya juyo ya tura shi zuwa saman da babban sifar sa mai siffa. Idan kumburin da ke saman ya zama girma babba, bera mai rufewa yana rufe mafita zuwa ta kuma tono sabon abu. Da yamma, burbushin ƙwayoyin burukan kullun suna rufe.
Hannun jari na abinci an sanya su a cikin ɓangarorin motsawa na yau da kullun, kuma ba a gina ɗakuna daban ba don wannan. Tun da aka cika irin wannan sashin, kwayar halittar ta kewaye shi da ƙasa daga kowane bangare. Akwai irin waɗannan “akwatunan guda 10” a cikin kowace mink. Yankin shirin ciyar da tsohuwar ƙwayar bera shine 0.02-0.09 ha, tsawon hanyoyin ciyarwa ya kai 450 da ƙari mita a kowane ɗaya. Kari akan haka, berayen kwayoyi suna gina tsarin lokacin bazara da nune na hunturu.
Berayen bera suna aiki duk shekara, kada su fada cikin rashin himma, amma a cikin hunturu aikinsu yana raguwa. Kololuwar ayyukan yau da kullun yakan faru ne a cikin dare da rana.
Berayen berayen da ke zaune daban kuma suna nuna taurin kai sosai dangane da danginsu (hancinsu, a matsayinta na doka, masu cutarwa). Yawan adadin kwayoyin beraye suna halin da ake da shi ta hanyar rayuwa, ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi na iyali 1 na maza da mata 1-2, waɗanda ke da alaƙar da ke hade da wurare ko kuma suna cikin girgiza. Irin waɗannan rukunin dangi suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna fashe ne bayan mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin abokan. Kusan rabin maza suna zaune a waje da kungiyoyin iyali kuma an cire su gaba daya daga tsarin kiwo.
Tsawon berayen berayen yana kan matsakaici daga shekaru 2.5 zuwa shekaru 4, wani lokacin kwayoyin berayen sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 9. Matasa girma yana halin babban rayuwa.
Sake bugun kwayoyin bera
Mole berayen sukan zama sau ɗaya a shekara, a ƙarshen hunturu ko kuma a farkon bazara. A cikin kowace iyali, mace ɗaya kawai take da shekaru 3-7. Idan akwai guda biyu daga cikinsu a cikin rukunin, a lokacin bazara namiji yakan fita daga wurin mace mai kiwo kuma ya haifar da ma'aurata tare da mace, wanda zai fara kiwo a shekara mai zuwa. An haife yara a ƙarshen Fabrairu kuma har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda 2-3. A ƙarshen Mayu, sassauƙa da ƙaramar ƙwayoyin berayen suka fara kuma wannan aikin ya ci gaba har faɗuwar. Maan’uwa matasa maza musamman zauna ƙasa, mace - a farfajiya. A saboda wannan dalili, mace a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa an san shi da babban mace-mace. Matsakaicin matsuguni ya kasance daga dubun dubun zuwa daruruwan mita.
Abokan halitta
Bera yana da karancin abokan gaba, tunda yana haifar da rayuwa ta karkashin kasa. Babban barazanar a gare shi shine polecat, wanda yake kama berayen bera a shunin sa. Fuka-fukai da manyan tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin dabbobi a kan ƙaramin dabbobi. Akan kwayoyin berayen, kwari, fleas da helminth suma suna shayarwa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da sandent:
- Berayen bera sune dabbobi keɓewa. Berayen berayen da suke zaune tare da shi kaɗai ke rayuwa a cikin rabasu daban. Suna da hankali sosai kuma da wuya su faɗa cikin tarko na mutane.
- Berayen bera na iya zama cutarwa ga amfanin gona a cikin lambuna da lambuna. Abubuwan da aka fitar a cikin kasa suna da wahalar aiwatar da aikin filin, misali, yin amfani da ciyawa na ciyawa na ciyawa, da lalata hanyoyin filin. A lokaci guda, faɗaƙar ɗan bera yana da wuya saboda yanayin rayuwarsa na cikin ƙasa. Har zuwa wannan, ana amfani da tarkuna na kera da na’urar ta dawo da wuta.
- Antanƙumar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta nau'in kariya ne wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Red of Russia da Jerin Rukunin IUCN.
Bayanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, bambance-bambance tsakanin mace da namiji
Dangane da manyan masu girma, sander yana da tsawon jiki a cikin kewayon 20-32 cm, yana auna gram 700-750, ko kuma kadan.
Berayen mole suna haɓaka da sifar ɗamarar bango da jikin mutun mai haɓaka ba tare da furta wuya ba, gajarta gajarta sosai, sannan kuma rage wutsiya da ke ɓoye ƙarƙashin fata.
Shugaban yana da fadi kuma ya daidaita, tare da rage idanu. Kunne na waje yana da bayyanar wani matashi mai matsakaicin matsakaici wanda aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fur mai yawa.
Bangaren hanci ya rufe murfin rufe jaraba. Babban tsoffin incisors da gangan suna zamewa bayan bakin.
Gabaɗaya sautin launin fur ɗin yana da, a matsayin mai mulkin, launi maraice-mai launin ruwan kasa, amma wasu mutane suna san mahimmancin bambancin launi.
Mace mai balaga kusan kashi 30-40% ƙasa da namiji da ya manyanta. Matsayi na jima'i a cikin wakilan ƙwayoyin bera suna bayyana ne kawai a cikin tsarin yankin pelvic.
Yadda yake haɓaka, yana ƙaruwa, abin da ke ci
Daya mace daya daga cikin dabbobi biyu a kowace shekara a cikin kungiyar iyali. 'Ya'yan biyu ko uku suna haihuwar daga shekarun ƙarnin na Fabrairu zuwa 15 ga Mayu.
Na sha'awa sha'awa mace ne shekara uku zuwa bakwai.
A karshen Mayu, matasa dabbobi daga broods fara zama da himma zauna. An rarraba kashi biyu a cikin farfajiya, wasu dabbobi kuma suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Haka kuma, kewayon irin wannan matsugunin na iya bambanta daga dubun zuwa daruruwan mita.
Beraye beraye yafi ciyar da sassan ƙasa na ciyayi: Tushen, kwararan fitila, rhizomes da tubers. Hakanan mai gashin yana cin tsire-tsire na sama, wanda aka jawo shi cikin mink ta amfani da tushe.
Umbrella, Asteraceae, da legumes an fi son su.
Iri daban-daban
A yau, wasu nau'ikan halittu sun kasance dangin kwayar halittar bera da kuma gidan kwayoyi ta bera, amma na yau da kullun, Bukovinian, yashi, ƙanƙan ƙwayoyin bera sunada yawa:
- giant mole rat (Spalax giganteus) a yau shine mafi girman wakilcin subfamily: tsayin jiki shine 25-35 cm, kuma nauyi ya kai kilogram ɗaya.
- yashi tawadar Allah (Spalax arenarius) daidai da halayen craniological suna da kusanci da tawadar ɗumbin kwayar bera, kuma tsawon jikinsa baya wuce 25 cm,
- molean itacen ƙaramar (Nannospalax leucodon) yana da tsawon tsayin 15-24 cm, yana da sutura mai taushi kuma asalinsa mazaunin ƙasa ne.
Bukovinsky, ko Grik molekula (Spalax graecus) wani yanki ne mai ƙarancin karatu wanda aka samo shi musamman a yankin Golubitsky da Storozhynets na yankin Chernivtsi.
Yawan halaye da dalilai
Wurin da ke zaune a cikin kwayar zarra yana wakiltar gandun daji da yanki-yanki na Rasha da Ukraine, yankuna masu nisa tsakanin Volga da Dnieper, da kuma Moldova.
Iyaka ta kudanci ta iyakar iyakarta a yau iyakaceccen Caucasian.
Entungiyar ta yaɗu cikin yankuna tare da ciyawar ciyawa, amma ba tare da zurfafa zurfafa a cikin gandun daji ba.
Irin wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna zaune a gefunan gandun daji, yana faruwa tare da hanyoyin daji, cikin belts da gurnani. Adadin yawan berayen berayen da ke raguwa a kan wuraren da aka noma, amma wani sashi na mutane ya fi mai da hankali kan ciyawa da wuraren kiwo, da kuma kusa da gullies.
Me yasa suke da haɗari?
Moleaƙƙarfan ƙwayar hatsi yana da ikon haifar da mummunar cutar ga ƙasar noma da noman gida, wanda ke lalacewa ta hanyar halaye da kuma rayuwar irin wannan ƙwaƙwalwar.
Gaskiya ne, tudu da keɓaɓɓen turɓayar ƙasa, a sauƙaƙe kafa yayin rayuwar berayen, ba wai kawai lalata yanayin wuraren shakatawa ba ne, har ma da wahalar da aikin a cikin filayen da kuma wuraren lambun. Lokacin da aka ci tsire-tsire, an lalata ciyawar lambun kuma an lalata gadajen fure.
Dankali na shuka, albasa da filayen masara, albarkatun gona, karas, fodder da beets na sukari suna fama da yawan aiki mai ƙarfi na dabbar. Don wata rana, dabbobi masu balaguro sun lalace daga tushen bushes huɗu zuwa shida.
A wasu yankuna, berayen kwayoyin gama gari suna lalata kashi 20 cikin 100 na amfanin gwoza, kashi 8 cikin 100 na masara da kusan 12-15% na albarkatun dankalin turawa.
Tarkon
Akwai da yawa daban-daban a cikin tarkunan ƙira da tarkunan injinan don lalata berayen kwayoyin.
A cewar masana, yin amfani da irin wannan na'urorin ba mutum bane, amma ingantacciyar hanya ce don magance yajin.
An kafa tarkon SuperCat Claw na zamani daga SWISSINNO da kyau. An yi shi ne a kan tushen ƙarfe mai tsayi, yana da sauƙin amfani da ƙira don amfani da su.
Matsakaicin farashin samfurin shine 470-550 rubles.
Tarkon mahaukacin Skat-61 yana faruwa lokacin da ƙarancin sanda ya ratsa ta cikin rami kuma ya tayar da ƙofar ta musamman.
Guguwar a sauƙaƙe tana fitar da allura mai kaifi mai kaifi, wanda ke ba da tabbacin sakamako 100%. Matsakaicin farashin samfurin shine 1350 rubles.
Chemical
Amfani da sinadarai, bisa ga sake dubawa na masu amfani, hanya ce mai ma'ana don magance berayen kwayoyi masu gama gari. Yana da haɗari musamman a yi amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin a wuraren da yara ko dabbobi ke tafiya, kuma samfuran aikin gona sun girma.
Rodenticidal granules na musamman "Argus" Lambuna dangane da sinadarin bromadiolone suna haifar da cakulan a cikin kwari mai kwari.
Ana sayar da irin wannan samfurin a farashin 35 rubles (50 grams).
Hanyar "Magungunan Kiɗa" Gex Mole Killer ya bambanta cikin sauƙi na amfani, farashi mai araha, saurin gudu da rashin daidaituwa na ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa abubuwan da ke aiki na abun da ke ciki. Matsakaicin matsakaita shine 950 rubles.
A miyagun ƙwayoyi na sabuwar zamani "Dakfosal" dangane da aluminum phosphide fumigates rodent burrows tare da mai guba mai guba. Babban wakili yana da kyakkyawan aikin motsa jiki kuma ya ratsa wuraren da ba za a iya zuwa ba. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 90 rubles (Allunan 3).
ANTICROT rodent kashewa a cikin nau'i na pellets ko granules dangane da abu mai aiki a cikin tafarnuwa tare da bromadialone yana haifar da wahala a cikin berayen ƙwayoyin kuma ana nuna shi da saurin garanti. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 110 rubles (120 gr.).
Masu siyarwa
Musamman masu siyarwa kayan aiki ne na mutumtaka wanda ke ba kawai damar kawar da lambun da kwari na ƙasa (gami da berayen), amma kuma suna iya hana sake bayyanarsu a ƙasa.
Mai siyarwa ta Mole "Tornado-OZV" shine tushen keɓaɓɓiyar kayan aiki da ultrasonic girgiza wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga dabbobi, tsoro da tsoro. Matsakaicin matsakaita shine 950 rubles.
Mai siyarwar '' '' 'eka' '' eka 6. 6 waɗanda suke sake siyarwa suna haifar da raƙuman sauti na musamman waɗanda na'urar ke watsa ta tazara tsakanin 35-45 seconds kuma suna sa dukkanin ƙwayoyin ƙasa su bar yankin da kayan aikin ke kiyaye shi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 2200 rubles (guda 4).
Mai siyar da hasken rana mai suna Victor Pest yadda yake daidaita siminti a karkashin doron kasa, waxanda ba su da kyau kwarai ga masu berayen da berayen da ke yin tagar karkashin kasa. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 2300 rubles.
Kayan aiki na gida
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a yi na’urar don lalata, haka kuma za a kashe berayen da hannayensu. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da kayan ƙwari ko inganta don wannan dalilin.
Pegs ana tura su cikin ƙasa, wanda akan sa geran gwangwani ko turmutsin yara na talakawa. Karkashin rinjayar iska, aikin yayi dadi sosai ga berayen kwayoyin, suna cire sauti.
Manyan gilashin gilashin da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa suna da irin wannan manufa ta aiki.
Yawancin masu amfani suna lura da tasiri na zane-zane dangane da kwalban filastik, a ƙasa wanda aka sa rami tare da ƙwanƙarin fegi.
Blades ya fashe a bangarorin kwalban filastik, wanda ke yin amo a gaban iska mai ƙarfi.
Me kuma kuke buƙatar sani game da ƙwayoyin berayen?
Molewayoyin berayen a cikin lambun ko a gonar, kazalika da yankin da ke kusa da juna, matsala ce mai matuƙar kyau kuma mai wahalar warwarewa, wadda ya kamata a warware da wuri-wuri. In ba haka ba, haɗarin jimlar amfanin gona ko rabin asara yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Lokacin zabar hanyar mafi kyau don ma'amala da irin wannan sandent, yana da buqatar yin la’akari da wasu fasalolin berayen kwayoyin:
- moles kwari kwari ne, kwayayen berayen suna cikin ajin dabbobi, saboda haka suke neman abinci kusa da farfajiya, suna lalata yawancin sassan ciyayi dake cikin ƙasa,
- A ƙarƙashin ƙasa suna da diamita har zuwa 20 cm, kuma tsohuwar ƙwayar berayen ta tono wurare da sauri da aiki, saboda haka tsire-tsire masu lalacewa, idan akwai ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin yankin, zama sananne nan da nan,
- tsarin da aka kirkira ta hanyar “sassan ƙasa” yana haifar da mummunar illa ga daidaiton ƙasa gaba ɗaya, wanda yake da mummunar tasiri ga alamu na yawan aiki,
- mafi ƙarancin mutane ana rarrabe su ta hanyar rashin kwarewa da kuma jinkirin, don haka abu ne mai sauƙi a sami ku kama su, ba tare da amfani da hanyoyin gwagwarmaya ba,
- shinge da aka makala na raƙuman kwayoyi suna wakiltar ɗambin wurare da wurare masu ban mamaki, ɗakuna masu amfani, hanyoyin rahusa da kuma gidajen wanka.
Akwai da yawa-gwada, sauki da araha, amma quite m jama'a hanyoyin da za a rabu da tawadar Allah berayen.
A saboda wannan dalili, ƙwallon da aka danganta da ɗan akuya ko mai zurfin naman alade, an jefa albasa-tafarnuwa a cikin burrows na ƙwaƙwalwa, har da herring brine ko kerosene.
Berayen berayen da suke hade da birgima ba beraye ko moles bane, amma ba kamar na dabbobi bane da ke da alaƙa da alade Guinea da kuma garin porcupines.
Kadan ne mutane suka sani game da wanzuwar wannan kwaro na karkashin kasa, amma duk wanda ya sami damar fuskantar irin wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a yankinsu, ya gwammace ya taba ganin sakamakon rayuwarsu ta hanyar lalacewar amfanin gona, rarar ƙasa da lambun furanni.
Habitat
Mahalli berayen beraye sune yankuna-daji, yankuna masu tsayi ko hamada, waɗanda suke a arewacin yankuna na Afirka, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Turai. Babban abin da ke haifar da rabe-raben kwayoyi a wasu yankuna na filaye shi ne amfani da gona da tattalin arziqi.
Ofaya daga cikin jinsin wannan dabbar, sananiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ta fi son zama a cikin tuffa tare da ciyayi wanda ya ƙunshi hatsi da ganye iri-iri. Hakanan za'a iya shimfida shi a cikin gandun daji, wuraren zama da kuma makiyaya. In mun gwada da yawa m ƙasa aka fi son. Ana lura da irin wannan sandar a yankuna na Ukraine, Russia da Moldova.
Thewayoyin halittar kwayoyin halittar berayen suna zaune gaba ɗaya ƙarƙashin ƙasa gabaɗayan sararin duniya. M lokuta daban-daban suna faruwa yayin sakewa da motsi na matasa. Wakilai na wannan dangi suna kirkirar tsarin fadada burikan wanda ya kunshi bangarori da dama. Tsawon waɗannan sassa zasu iya kaiwa mita 250, daga zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa har zuwa mita 3. A cikin rassan rafin, dabba tana da ɗakuna da yawa don wadatar abinci da nesting. Babban bene ya fi tsayi fiye da ƙananan kuma yana zaune ne 25 cm kawai daga ƙasan ƙasa na sama. Irin wannan gajeriyar hutu yana bawa dabba damar samun tushen da fruitsa fruitsan tsirrai.
Abu mafi kayatarwa shi ne cewa kwayoyin halittun berayen suna tono layinsu ba tare da paws ɗin su ba, amma tare da rawunan baka, ko kuma, tare da abubuwan ɓoye. Samun irin waɗannan haƙoran hakora masu ƙarfi, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa cikin sauƙi tana kwance ƙasa tare da su, a wannan lokacin bakin buɗe kansa yana rufe sosai, saboda ƙasa ba ta shiga cikin esophagus kwata-kwata. Looasa mai lalacewa tana tura ta mazaunin ƙasa tare da kafaɗunta, sannan kuma tare da tangarda a cikin mafita zuwa saman, ta haka ne ke samar da kwararar ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke haɗar da dabbobi suna girma cikin rayuwa.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da kusan jinsuna shida, saboda yanayin rayuwar sirrinsu, dabbobi basu da cikakkiyar fahimta. Dukkan nau'ikan sun yi kama da juna, sun bambanta cikin girma, inuwa da mazauninsu.
- Haɓar tawadar gargajiya. Mafi yawan nau'in wannan dangi. Yawan dabbobi suna da yawa kuma sun tabbata, saboda haka baya buƙatar halin kariya. Girman ƙwayar tsofaffi ya kasance aƙalla 700 g tare da matsakaicin tsawon tsayi na cm 25. Tana zaune a yawancin sassan Moldova, Ukraine da Russia. Sakamakon kyawawan launuka na dusar kankara, a nan kusa, bera za ta iya zama abun guduwa don shirye-shiryen konkoma karãtunsa da ado na fur. Irin waɗannan lamuran an riga an samar da su, amma har yanzu akan ƙaramin sikari tun daga tsakiyar 1900.
- Babbar tawadar Allah bera. Mafi girman wakilcin nau'ikansa a matsakaicin nauyinsa shine kilogram tare da haɓaka daga cm 35. giaramin yana da launi mai haske tare da launuka masu launin toka, maraƙi da launin ruwan kasa, ɗan mazan dabba, mafi kyawun gashin kansa ya zama. Wannan nau'in galibi yana rayuwa ne a cikin hamada kuma ba kamar danginsa ba, ya fi son yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi. Sakamakon ƙarancin ƙwayar haihuwa, waɗannan mutane an jera su a cikin littafin Red na Rasha, haka kuma a cikin littafin Red na Unionungiyar forasa ta Duniya don Kariyar Dabbobi.
- Sand tawadar Allah Ta hanyar bayyanar gabaɗaya, yana da kusanci da babban ƙungiyar tare da tsawon jikinsa har zuwa 28 cm. Inda yake zaune a cikin gandun dajin yashi-mataki na ƙasan Dnieper. Wani kwararren digger yana rayuwa ta karkashin kasa gaba daya, amma, duk da haka, yana fuskantar barazanar ci gaban tattalin arziki na sands Dnieper. Dangane da wannan, an jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Red na Ukraine da kuma littafin Red na Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kariyar dabbobi. A 2005, an bayar da kuɗin hryvnia biyu a Ukraine tare da hoton ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yashi.
- Mole bera Podolsky. A ɗan ƙaramin dabba in ba haka ba fi son irin wannan rayuwa, kamar ta dangi. Matsakaicin ƙwayar bera ya tashi daga arewacin Ukraine a gefen bankin dama na Kogin Dnieper zuwa ƙarshen ƙasar. Halin wannan nau'in yana kusa da barazanar, saboda haka aka jera mutane a cikin Littafin Red na Ukraine da IUCN.
- Farin-toothed tawadar Allah bera. Smallestarancin sandar mafi girman iyali bai wuce cm 20 Ba launi mara nauyi duhu. Tana zaune a ƙasar Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Turkiya, Ukraine da Girka. A cikin Ukraine, yana zaune a cikin yankunan Chernivtsi da Odessa. Har ila yau jinsunan suna da matsayin kiyayewa a cikin Red Books na Ukraine da IUCN.
- Mole Bukovinsky. Tana zaune a yankin Carpathian ta Gabas, yankin Chernivtsi, kazalika da Moldova da Romania. Misalin kwayar zarra ta al'ada ta bambanta da sauran nau'ikan a wasu fasali na kai. Littattafai Red na Ukraine da IUCN suna da alhakin tsarin kiyaye yawan jama'a.
A duk jinsuna, lokacin kiwo kusan iri ɗaya ne kuma yakan faru sau ɗaya a shekara. Molean kwayayen ƙwayoyin hakoran an haife su tsirara, masu nauyin basu wuce gram biyar ba, amma suna girma da sauri. Matasa matasa nan da nan barin mahaifiyarsu kuma su tono sababbin motsi.
Me suke ci?
Me berayen bera suke ci? A cikin daji, rodents suna cin abinci galibi sassan tsire-tsire: rhizomes, Tushen, tubers, kwararan fitila. Wani lokaci ana cin ɓangaren sashi na shuka, ana jan shi cikin rami ta tushen. A cikin lambun, gida da sauran ƙasashe, dabba tana cinye tushen tsirrai, kayan ƙwari, masara, da kuma dankalin turawa, albasa da karas, kar a manta da ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Ciyar da tsirrai na waɗannan ƙwayoyin tsoka jinsuna ne.
Babban bambance-bambance daga kwayar
Ana iya ganin babban bambance-bambancen tsakanin berayen da berayen a cikin hoto, amma, a ƙari, an sanya su cikin umarni daban-daban. Ba kamar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kiba na kwaya ba, kwayar tana ciyar da kwari kuma tana da ƙanƙan girman jiki. Haka kuma, tawadar ta tono ramuka tare da kafafan ta, da kuma makaho dabba da incisors. Launin dabbobi a wannan hoton yana da matukar bambanci, ƙari, wannan ƙasan kwayar ta haɓaka ba ta da ƙarfi kamar ƙafafu masu ƙarfi na tawadar m. Abubuwan da ke kama da dabbobi shine cewa su duka suna jefa ƙasa ƙasa, yayin da suke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, har ma da rage hangen nesa.
A cikin yanayin dabi'a, dukkan jinsi suna taka rawa ta musamman ga yanayi. Amfanin dabbobi shine cewa sukan haɗu da ƙasa koyaushe, su cika shi da oxygen, kuma su rarraba ƙwayar tsirrai.
Cmta daga ƙwayar motsi
Lalacewa daga ɗan bera wani lokacin yakan kai ga ƙaddara mummunan bala'i. Cutar cutarwa ana iya danganta ta da bayyanar ƙasa da amfanin gona. Tsaunin tudu ba wai kawai ya lalata bayyanar lawns ba, filayen fure da wuraren shakatawa, har ila yau waɗannan shinge suna sa wahalar yin filin a cikin ƙananan yankuna da filayen.
Lokacin da aka cika ɗan bera a yankin da ake noma ko a cikin gandun daji, yana haifar da lahani ga amfanin gona da kuma mutum baki ɗaya. A cikin filin tare da dankali, sandent yana da ikon lalata har zuwa bushes 30 na amfanin gona na gaba a cikin dare. Beets na sukari, faski, masara, Legumesu, karas, radishes, albasa, da seleri sun fi saurin lalacewar makircin gida sai dankali. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a wasu yankuna yankuna sun lalata kusan kashi 50 na amfanin gona.
Yadda za a rabu da kwaro?
Yadda za a rabu da kwaro a cikin kasar, lambun da sauran filayen da ake nomawa? Saboda kasancewarta na ɓoye, za a iya danganta berayen kwatancen musamman ga mutane, saboda haka, yaƙi da ƙwaƙƙwaran abubuwa galibi yana ƙaddara shi sau ɗaya. Wajibi ne don magance berayen kwayoyi kamar yadda suke tare da tawadar Allah, amma galibi hanyoyin yin gwagwarmaya ko kamun kifi ba su da tasiri musamman, saboda haka suna buƙatar matakan tsayi da ƙarfi.
A cikin daji, farauta ne da berayen da magabatanta na zahiri ke aiwatarwa - mafarauta. Saboda rayuwarsa ta karkashin kasa, akwai 'yan kalilan da abokan gaba; sun hada da polecat, fox da tsuntsaye masu farauta. Hakanan, dabba na iya zama wanda aka azabtar da ƙananan kwari da tsutsotsi: helminths, ticks ko fleas.
Masu Gaskanta Ultrasonic
Ana daukar masu siyarwar Ultrasonic mafi kyawun hanyar ɗan adam don magance kwari a ƙasa. Ta hanyar shigar da na'urar lantarki ta ultrasonic, zaku iya kare kanku da ƙasa ba wai daga berayen ƙwayoyi ba, har ma daga kwari kamar moles, shrus da bears.
Na'urar lantarki mafi yawanci ana yin wuta ta batura ko na'urar caji, yayin da samfuran kuɗi masu tsada suna sanye da bangarorin hasken rana. Ka'idodin aiki na mai siyarwa sun kasance daidai da na'urori masu kama: yana watsa raƙuman wani yanki ta cikin ƙasa, wanda ke cutar da jin dabba.
Ana yin sautin mai siyarwa a cikin kewayon har 60 kilohertz, wanda, a cewar masana'antun, zargin da kunnen ɗan adam bai kama shi ba. Kuma na'urar zata iya isar da ciwon kai ko ringing a cikin kunni kawai tare da tsawan tsawan zama kusa da shi. Amma, a zahiri, wannan ba gaskiya bane: kunnen mutum yana ɗaukar irin wannan amo.A wannan batun, don kada ku sami mummunan sakamako na na'urar, ba kwa buƙatar tura shi zuwa kanku lokacin da kuke shirin hutu a gonar. Musamman, wannan ya shafi sauraran sauraran hankalin mutane!
Sauti mai sauti wanda mai siyarwa ya samar, gwargwadon ƙirar, ya ɗauka radius ɗin daban. Mita murabba'in ƙasa na iya zama dubun, ɗaruruwan ko ma dubunnan na'urar ta rufe. Amma, yakamata a fahimta cewa a gaban duk wasu abubuwan hawa ko cikas a cikin ƙasa, ana rage girman wurin rufewa. Don haka, idan akwai tsari ko kuma rashin tsari game da batun, yana da hankali a sanya wasu masu irin waɗannan masu siyarwar.
Magungunan kwari
Dole ne a yi amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari koyaushe tare da taka tsantsan da kuma yin la'akari da tafiya a cikin lambunan dabbobi da yara. Kodayake ana ɗaukar guba hanya ce mai ingantacciyar hanyar kula da kwaro, wannan samfurin ya dace kawai idan dabbar tana jin yunwa har ta yarda ta haɗiye abu mai ƙima. Bugu da kari, ta amfani da abubuwa da yawa na guba, ya kamata a tuna cewa suna iya haifar da lahani ga tsire-tsire masu girma a nan kusa, wanda bayan hakan akwai ƙarancin ci.
M ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta mai mahimmanci koyaushe kamar yadda ake amfani da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Daya daga cikin ingantattun kwayoyi masu guba shine Nutcracker. Amma masanan lambu masu gogewa har yanzu suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da samfurori bisa ga abubuwan da ke da ɗanɗano masu guba, irin su Anticrot ko Krotomet.
Babbar tawadar Allah ba dabbobi bane daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, saboda haka idan kayi nasarar kawar da dansandan ko kuma kawar dashi, matsalar zata iya dadewa a fagen hangen nesa.
Mole bera dabba. Bayanin, fasali, nau'ikan halitta, salon rayuwa da mazaunin kwayoyin bera
Idan a lokacin rana ɗakin bazara ya canza da yawa: akwai wasu tarin tudu na ƙasa da motsawar baƙi, da yawa kayan lambu bushes sun ɓace, to, lokaci ya yi da za a kara faɗakarwa. Babu wata tantama cewa kwayar zarra ce ta kai hari ga lambun - wata dabara, mai dindindin, wacce take qoqarin tattara kayan amfanin gonar a gonakin ta.
Bayanin da fasali
Gwanin kwayar halittar yana cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta, ya samu cikakken dacewa da rayuwa ta karkashin kasa, wanda ya rinjayi bayyanarsa:
- yana da karamin jiki, ya kai 32 cm tsawo,
- nauyin dabba na iya isa 1 kg,
- babu kunnuwa
- paws da wutsiya suna gajarta, sabili da haka kusan ba'a iya ganin su,
- an rufe jikinta da furcin duhu mai taushi
- Idanu suka keto, kuma suka kasa samun damar gani. Saboda girman fatar jikin, sai suka zama ba a ganuwa.
Mole bera a cikin hoto yayi kama da wata halitta mai ban tsoro da abin kunya.
Menene banbanci tsakanin tawadar tawaga da tawadar Allah
Wasu mutane suna kuskuren rikitar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin wuta tare da moles, amma waɗannan dabbobi gaba ɗaya ne. Akwai manyan bambance-bambance biyu tsakanin su:
- Moleaunin ƙwayar ta fi girma girma.
- Kwayar tana gina tasoshinta da taimakon paws, kuma a sashi na biyu ana samun ci gaba mai kyau, suna da kananan falon, saboda wanda yake aiwatar da aikin ginin godiya ga ayyukan gabansa.
- Moles suna ciyar da kwari, moleayoyin bera sun fi son amfanin gona da shuka.
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan jijiyoyi da yawa da suka sha bamban da launi, girmansu da wurin zama:
- Haɓar tawadar gargajiya ko Kudancin Rasha yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Ya kasance ga mafiya yawan jinsunan. Yana zaune a ƙasar Moldova, Ukraine, Russia. Fatarsa mai laushi ana fara amfani dashi don yin sutura na Jawo, amma ba a cikin manyan kima ba, saboda har yanzu ba'a fara lissafin bera na kowa ba a cikin littafin Red a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin haɗari. Hakanan ana saninsa da ƙayyadaddun yawan jama'a, saboda adadin waɗannan dabbobin an kiyaye su.
- Babbar tawadar Allah bera - Wannan shine mafi girman wakilci, wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilogram. Yana da haske launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai launi. A cikin tsofaffin mutane, ana samun farin tabo a kai da jiki. Wannan nau'in ana nuna shi ta hanyar haihuwa mara kyau, saboda an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha da Jerin Kula da Yanayin Duniya.
- Dangane da bayanan waje, wakilin yashi yana kama da babban abin kallo. Yafi son zama a cikin gandun daji-steppe kuma kusa da Dnieper. A rodent kuma yana karkashin tsaro.
- Podolsky look yana da ɗan ƙaramin girma. Tana gab da hallakarwa, saboda haka ana ɗaukarta ƙwanƙwaran haɗari.
- Fuska-fari shine mafi ƙarancin sandar, tsawonsa wanda aƙalla ya kai cm 20. Yana da halayyar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Bera bera zaune a Turkiyya, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Girka.
- Wakilin Bukovinian ya ɗan bambanta da sauran nau'ikan a siffar kai. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin kasashen Turai.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Gidan gidan dabbobi, dangane da mazauninsu, ya kasu kashi 4 wanda ya fi so ya zauna a jeji, dajin-dajin, da kuma a bayan dazuzzuka. Suna yaɗu cikin Turai, Asiya, Afirka. Dabbobin suna kusan rayuwarsu a ɓoye. A can suna ba da mazes duka inda suka ji daɗi sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine fleas da ke dulmuyar da mashinai shima ya samu yaduwar hangen nesa. Ilsasarin ensarancin matsakaici ya dace wa tsatsotsin ƙwayoyin rai. Sun guji yumɓu da ƙasa mai yashi. Tabar wiwi suna zaɓar ciyayi da ke da ciyayi. Sau da yawa haɗuwa tawadar Allah berayen a cikin lambun.
Siffofin gidaje
Dabbobi suna tono ramuka a cikin haƙoransu. A cikin aikin gwanaye, har da kai yana da hannu. Dabbar tana ciwan ƙasa a cikin ƙasa tare da haƙoran gabanta, tana tura ƙasa mai ɗorewa daga gidanta tare da taimakon kai, wanda ke da sifofi mai fasali. An dace da shi don aikin ginin da ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Godiya ga tsokoki, incisors na iya motsawa.
Sakamakon kwanciyar rami, hakoran hakoran gaba suna niƙa, amma suna girma da sauri, saboda aikin yana da amfani ga mazaunin ƙasa. Mutane da suke rayuwa a cikin bauta suna wahala sosai saboda abubuwan da suka fi yawa cikin haɗari. A cikin berayen kwayoyi, bakinsu baya rufe saboda su.
An dace da shi don aikin ginin da hanci na dabba. An rufe shi da fata keratinized, wanda ke kiyaye shi daga raunin injini lokacin da yake lalata duniya. A kan kadada ɗaya zaka iya haduwa daga mutane 2 zuwa 10. Dabbobin suna raye raye a cikin bazara, kuma a lokacin rani suna jagorantar more rayuwar su. Wani mazaunin cikin ƙasa ba ya fada cikin ɓoyewa.
Tsarin tururuwa mai girma gina gidaje a cikin da yawa tiers:
- Na farko ya zo toshe, wanda ke a zurfin 20-30 cm ana kiran shi abinci. A ciki, shagon dabbobi suna adana juzu'ai.
- Na biyu shinge yana a cikin zurfin kusan 4 mita. Ya ƙunshi kayan kwalliya, rani da damuna.
A lokacin hunturu, labyrinth ya rufe duniya kuma baya buɗewa har sai lokacin bazara yazo. Daya rami yana rufe yanki mai kusan 450. Akwai kimanin ɗakunan ajiya 10. Idan aka zubar duniya da yawa, dabba za ta fasa sabon mafita. Da rana kullun yana rufewa. Dabbar tana aiki da dare da rana.
Mazauna cikin ƙasa suna yin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Suna kiyaye iyakar su daga wasu mutane. Idan ana batun mamayewa tsakanin maza, rikici yakan faru wanda zai haifar da mutuwar ɗayansu.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen kayan lambu shine ainihin ainihin don waɗannan mazaunan cikin ƙasa. Sukan sata dankali da gwoza daga hannun manoma. Bera bera da ba sa ƙwaya mai tushe ko dai. Tare da jin daɗin ci suna cin kayan ƙwari.
Masu ƙaunar dasa shuki filayen fure bazai ƙidaya yawancin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da kwararan fitila ba. Duk wannan ya fada cikin cikin dabbobin da ke yin wa kansu tanki kilo-goma na hunturu.
Cutar da kwayar halittar berayen mutane
Dangantaka mai wuya ta bunkasa tsakanin tsokoki da mutane. Dabbobin suna haifar da babbar illa ga yankin kewayen gari kuma suna kawo asara mai yawa ga manoma. Dabba guda tana da ikon rusa amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Yana yin manyan wuraren ajiyarsa, yana kwace kayan lambu daga mazauna bazara da manoma. A lokacin rana, kwaro zai iya ja 6 bushes na tushen amfanin gona.
Dug karkashin labyrinths kuma suna kawo matsala da yawa. Gidan cin rani tare da tarin tarkokin ƙasa ba abin kallo bane mai kyan gani. Kasancewa ta kan hanyar sauka, zaka iya fada cikin sawu a gwiwa. Rashin damuwa daga rafin ana jin shi a kan hanyoyin filin, wanda dabbar kwayar dabba shima baya wucewa.
Hanyar Kula da Cututtuka
A cikin yaƙar ƙwayoyin berayen, ana amfani da sinadarai masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka tsara don tsananta berayen da beraye, da tarko, da tarko. Yin amfani da guba ya kasance hanya mafi inganci a cikin yaƙar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
Yi amfani da magunguna, kuna buƙatar hankali sosai. Bayan haka, suna iya jawo hankalin dabbobin gida ko masu jin yunwa. Hakanan wajibi ne don yin la’akari da matsayin yawan guba na kayan da ake amfani da su, saboda yana iya shiga cikin ƙasa kuma ya cutar da mai shi da kansa.
Magungunan kashe guba sun shahara sosai tsakanin manoma:
- "Brodifan" - ana samun samfurin a cikin nau'in ruwa. Suna impregnate koto, na 1 kg za ku buƙaci 20 g na Broadifan. A rana ta 4 bayan shigowar guba, berayen za su fara jin barazanar shaƙa. Zasu iya zuwa sama su mutu tsawon lokaci.
- Akwai "Testox" a cikin nau'i na jan bisquettes, masu nauyin 10 g. Suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin peanuts, sunflower, vanilla da cuku. Ayyukanta yayi daidai da maganin Brodifan. A rana ta 4, dabbobi suna jin fuka-fuka, kuma a rana ta 6 suna mutuwa saboda cutar hanji.
- Magungunan "Storm" ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi inganci. Kamfanin kamfanin na Jamus BASF ne ya bunkasa shi. Ana samar da sinadaran a cikin nau'ikan shuɗika shuɗi. "Hadari" yana da ƙanshin ƙarfi wanda tabbas zai jawo kwaro.
Shin yana da daraja ta amfani da tarkuna
Berayen kwayoyi suna da kyakkyawar fahimta, godiya ga wadanda suke tarko da tarkuna da dama. Tsofaffi suna sane da haɗarin. Kusan ba zai yiwu a jefa su cikin tarko ba.
Halin yana ƙara rikitarwa ta dalilin cewa dabbobi suna rayuwa a ƙasa mai zurfi, inda ba a fahimta ne kawai idan mutum ya sami tarko. A kowane hali, kuna buƙatar gwadawa kuma ku tafi zuwa ga abin zamba. Nan da nan, wani mazaunin cikin ƙasa zai rasa kulawa kuma ya faɗi cikin tarko.
Don saita tarko, kuna buƙatar nemo kogin da sandar ya haƙa ya tono rami a ciki, tare da zurfin akalla 1 mita. Mole tawadar Allah bera Ba ya son zayyanawa, saboda haka zai fashe daga rami don rufe hanya, kuma a nan tarkon da aka shigar yana da amfani, wanda dole ne a rufe shi da firi don maski.
Sanda yana da warin ɗan adam mai kyau, saboda haka ya zama dole don saita tarko tare da safofin hannu. Duk cikakkun bayanai na ginin ya kamata a kula da su da albasarta, wanda tare da ƙanshinsu mai kaifi zai kashe warin ɗan adam.
Hanyoyi masu tsoratarwa
Abokan dabbobi da ke yin nadama don halakar berayen za su iya amfani da abubuwan sha. Kodayake ba za su halaka abokan gaba ba, suna iya tilasta su barin shafin. Karin kwari suna da kyakkyawar wari, saboda haka zasu iya jefa wani nama da aka tsinke a cikin kerosene ko man dizal a cikin ramin. Mazaunan cikin ƙasa za su fahimce su a matsayin wata barazana kuma su bar yankin.
Moleumbuyoyin berayen basa jure jin daɗin daɗin danshi, almara, barkono, tushen ƙwayar cuta da girkin sarki, ƙanshin da ba shi da kyau wanda yakan fito daga jikin kwan fitila. Idan ka shuka irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a kan rukunin yanar gizon, zaka iya fatan cewa ƙungiyar za ta kewaye shi. Ba sa son berayen bera da amo mai yawa, domin da hannuwansu za ka iya yin masu siyarwa wanda zai taimaka wajen fitar da su:
- Wani yanki na ƙarfafawa an tumɓuke shi a cikin ƙasa don 40 cm ya kasance sama da saman.
- Sun sanya bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi a kanta, kuma jira lokacin sanyi.
- Daga cikin iska na banki zai fara buga kayan aiki, kuma hayan mara daɗi zai bazu a cikin ƙasa.
Inganci wajen sarrafa kwari shine na'urori na musamman waɗanda ke fitar da duban dan tayi. Lokacin sayen irin wannan na'urar, kuna buƙatar kula da waɗannan abubuwan:
- Radius na aiki. Adana shafin tare da na'urar guda ba zaiyi aiki ba. Nan da nan kuna buƙatar sayan emitters ultrasonic da yawa.
- Samun saiti. Dole ne a sami yiwuwar canza matsanancin yanayi. In ba haka ba, rodents za su yi amfani da su kuma daina barin shafin.
Amfanin wannan kayan shine cewa ya tarkace sauran kwari. Shafin zai kasance karkashin amintaccen kariya.
Aikace-aikacen ruwa
Yin amfani da ruwa don sarrafa kwaro tsari ne na ɗaukar lokaci:
- Buƙatar neman inda yake burrow na tawadar Allah, da tono ta a wurare da yawa.
- Kawo ruwan kaɗa ruwa zuwa ɗakin layya kuma ka cika dukkan hanyoyin da kyau tare da shi.
- Dabba ya yanke shawarar barin ramin, anan kuma za'a iya satar shi.
Mafarautan gida
Farauta da karnukan da suka saba da kai hari a ƙasa zasu iya taimakawa wajen kashe ƙwayoyin bera. Da kyau dace da irin waɗannan dalilai, dachshunds da. Idan cat ya kama berayen, to ana iya koya masa yadda ake farautar berayen. Musamman idan yazo ga mama cat wanda ke shirye don yin komai don kare yara.
Don yin lalata da kwaro, kuna buƙatar tono farjinta, aƙalla a zurfin mita, tono wani rami na 40 cm kusa da mafita .. Lokacin da ƙarar ta bayyana binne mafitar da ta gaza, ana sa cat a cikin rami da aka shirya, wanda zai nuna iyawar sa. Kamar yadda kake gani, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance berayen kwayoyin. Wasun su masu halin mutuntaka ne, yayin da wasu kuma azzalumi ne.
Tare da taimakonsu, zaku iya lalata kwari, ko don tabbatar da cewa sun bar shafin. Ganin cewa suna da karancin cibiyoyi, dabbobi ba za su yi nisa ba, amma kawai suna matsawa makwabta ne. A gefe guda, rodents suna haifar da babbar illa ga makircin lambun, kuma a gefe guda, an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Domin, yadda za a rabu da mu tawadar Allah beraDon kashe shi ko a'a, wannan lamari ne mai zaman kansa ga kowane mazaunin bazara.
Wace irin dabba ce wannan tsinkayar ƙwayar halittar?
Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa akwai irin wannan kwaro wanda zai iya ɗaukar wani ɓangare na amfanin gona daga hannun masu shi. Zai yiwu kusan a gani a ƙasan ƙasa don irin wannan aikin a matsayin lalata amfanin gona.
Bayanin kwaro:
- Kwaro na iya yin girma zuwa 30 cm tsayi.
- Ba shi da idanu, kuma a wurinsu akwai tarin fatar, a cikin ɓangaren abin da gashin kansa mai wuya ya girma.
- Wutsiya da kunnuwa basu da girma kwata-kwata, ƙafafun gaba suna gajeru.
- Dabbobin dabba tana da inuwa mai launin shuɗi tare da shuɗi, sannan ana bambanta mutane da halayyar "launin toka".
- Kwaro yana da abubuwa masu fashewa masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke taimaka masa ta tono dogayen layin ƙasa. Kawai 2 incisors gaban an rarrabe.
- Kwaro yana tono tsoffin tashoshi a cikin tayoyi da yawa.
- Abincin abincin dabba ya haɗa da dankali, karas, beets, tsutsotsi, kwari, da sauransu. Mafi yawan abin da yake son albasa.
- Lokacin da bera ta bayyana a kan wani shiri na mutum, sai ta fara lalata manyan tsire-tsire, tana jan su zuwa wani fili da aka tona a karkashin kasa. Bayan haka, ya ci firan, kuma ya sa tushen kayan a cikin ajiyarsa. Wasu lokuta a cikin kantunan sa har zuwa kilogiram 50 na ire-iren tushen.
- Ba shi da wahala a gano gaban dabbar idan ka kula da motsi na peculiar, wanda yayi kama da ƙofar shiga cikin wormhole. Ana iya ganin irin waɗannan motsi biyu a cikin lambu da kusa da shi.
Dalilin bayyanar
Wannan kwaro, kamar sauran mutane, yana neman abin da zai amfana da shi. A zahiri, a cikin gida ko kuma lokacin rani, maigidan suna girma duk abin da ya wajaba don ciyar da bera. Baya ga kayan lambu, akwai tsutsotsi da isassun kwari a shafin. Mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa akan makircin, mafi girman damar wannan kwaro zai bayyana anan.
Harshen kwaro ba ya ɓoye don hunturu, saboda haka ana buƙatar abinci mai yawa don ita. Yana yiwuwa kwaro ya zauna a yankin da suke damuwa da amfanin gona.
Daga ayyukan wannan kwaro akwai dogayen wurare da yawa a cikin lambun, haka kuma kayan kwalliya na kasa, wanda dabbar ta adana wani bangare na amfanin gona da masu suka shuka a gidajen gonakinsu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yakan ci babban taro mai koren kore, kuma yana ƙara kayan amfanin gona na hunturu. Ko da kwaya ɗaya ɗaya tak zai iya ɗaukar mai yawa daga amfanin gona.Idan mutane da yawa sun bayyana a shafin, to, zaku iya manta game da amfanin gona mai yawa kamar dankali, albasa, beets da karas.
Bugu da kari, ya tono manyan wurare masu kyau, tare da nunin 5 5 zuwa 15, saboda hakan yana lalata wasu tsirrai a shafin. Ersarancin ƙananan ƙananan na iya kasancewa a cikin zurfin mita 3, kuma babba a cikin zurfin cm 10 Irin wannan tsarin hanyoyin ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba koyaushe ba ba da ci gaba na al'ada ga yawancin tsire-tsire masu girma.
Yadda za a rabu da ƙwayoyin berayen a cikin yankin
Wadanda yakamata suyi fada da wannan sashin, sun jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa kwayar bera tana lalata burki cikin ƙasa, wanda ke rikita batun yaƙi da ita. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dabbar za ta iya tono zuwa zurfin mita 3, sabili da haka, don samun sa, dole ne a tono duk yankin. A wannan batun, da yawa daga cikin masu mallakar suna tunanin yadda za a rabu da dabbar don adana amfanin gona. Kamar yadda kake gani, farashin batun yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun gwada hanyoyi da yawa kuma suna gano yadda za a rabu da wannan unguwar da ba dole ba. Kuma a nan abu mafi mahimmanci ba shine nuna ƙarancin ɗan adam ba, tunda mutane da yawa tare da ɗansu zasu iya hana masu amfanin gona amfanin, musamman tunda berayen da ke girma da sauri.
Aikace-aikacen Tarko
Ana amfani da tarkuna don sarrafa beraye da yawa, gami da magance berayen kwayoyin. Amma da farko, ya fi kyau a tantance waye ke cinye amfanin gonar, saboda tasirin kafa tarko ya fi.
Don yin gwagwarmaya mai ma'ana, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan da ke gaba:
- Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar bincika shafin a hankali don nemo ƙofar rami.
- A wannan wuri, kuna buƙatar haƙa rami da kyau, saboda wannan zayyana waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin ƙwayoyin berayen. Kusa da babbar ƙofar, ana yin hutu a nesa na 50 cm kuma an saka tarko. Daga saman tarko an rufe shi da faranti.
- Tun lokacin da kwaro yake tsoron aiwatar da daftarin, zai fashe daga ramin ya rufe shi. A sakamakon haka, dabbar ta faɗa cikin tarko.
Wasu daga cikin masu suna toshe ƙasa ne kuma a cikin hanyoyin taruka masu yawa, an sanya kwantena ruwa, sakamakon abin da berayen ba sa iya fita. Wannan shine lokacin ɗaukar lokaci, tunda dole ne ka tono ƙasa. Bugu da kari, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami sakamakon da ake so ba.
A bayanin kula! Akwai hanya guda ɗaya amma ingantacciya don kawar da irin wannan yankin. Don yin wannan, ɗauki rag, sanyaya shi a cikin mai, kerosene da sauran abubuwa masu ƙanshi, kuma ku binne wannan rag a cikin ƙasa, a cikin zurfafa daban-daban. Kari akan haka, dabbobin suna yin mummunar cutar mai mahimmanci na tsirrai kamar su itacen eucalyptus, itacen al'ul, lavender da sauran su.
Bayanin kwatancen kwaya daya
Matsakaicin tsawon waɗannan rodents ya kai 32 cm kuma nauyinsu shine 700 g 7. Suna da jiki mai tsayi a cikin Silinda, gajeriyar wuƙa, paws da wutsiya da ƙwanƙwasa a saman. Kunnen kunnuwan dabbobi ba a iya ganewa, idanuwa kuma a ɓoye suke a ƙarƙashin fata kuma an lalata shi gaba ɗaya. Launi na mutane daban-daban na iya samun wasu bambance-bambance.
Gajeriyar gashi mai taushi na berayen bera yawanci suna kama da cakuda launin ruwan kasa, launin toka da shuɗi launuka daban-daban, wasu lokuta ana samun filayen haske a kai da jiki. Sanda yana da hanci mai fadi, yawanci ana fenti baki ko launin ruwan kasa. A haduwa ta farko tare da hadadden kwayar zarra, tsokoki da ƙananan incisors sun fara tafiya gaba zuwa idanu.
Inda berayen beraye suke zaune
Don mazaunin dindindin, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta yau da kullun tana zaɓar tsarguwa ko gandun daji. Yana ƙaunar ya zauna kusa da kantuna, a kan hanyoyi da ke rarraba filayen, da kuma hanyoyin daji. Ana iya samunsa a cikin Rasha, Ukraine da Moldova. A cikin arewacin yankin, ana ɗaukar bera da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwayar cuta, kodayake ita ce mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan ta, wanda ya haɗa da yashi, ƙaton, Bukovinian da berayen ƙwayoyin Podolsk.
A halin yanzu, ana yin barazanar kiyaye lambobin nau'ikan ta hanyar dasa ƙasa, matakan don inganta kaddarorin ƙasa da kare tsirrai. A halin yanzu, ba za a iya cewa wannan nau'in yana gab da hallakaswa ba. Tsoro a tsakanin kungiyoyi masu dacewa ya ta'allaka ne kawai game da kiyaye yawan jama'a a wasu yankuna na arewaci da Kudancin inda berayen kwayoyi suka zama. Littafin Lissafi na Protectionungiyar Kare Hakkin ƙasa yana da shi a cikin jerin abubuwan sa. Saboda wannan, hana dabbobi a wasu yankuna an hana su, kuma ayyukan mutane a cikin mazaunan asalinsu sun iyakance.
Yadda ake ganin berayen berayen da suke rayuwa
Berayen kwayayen yau da kullun, a takaice, duk rayuwarsu, kuma wannan shine kimanin shekaru 2.5-4, yana cikin ƙasa, yana haƙa tsarin hadaddun rami kuma yana samar da abinci. Mafi yawancin, dabba tana son tushen, tubers da kwararan fitila na tsire-tsire, amma kuma suna iya jin daɗin kara tare da ganye. Kimanin kilogiram 10 na abinci dole ne a shirya su da ɗan bera don hunturu. A wannan lokaci na shekara, aikinsa mai mahimmanci yana raguwa da ƙanƙanuwa, amma ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa ba ya ɓoye.
Matsakaicin yawan adadin kuda da ake amfani da shi shine mutum 3 a kowace kadada, amma wannan adadin zai iya kai har zuwa 20. Ta amfani da abubuwan fashewa da dabbobin, dabbobin suna lalata tsarin burbushinsu. Babban matakin ya ta'allaka ne da zurfin 20-25 cm, kuma zuwa ƙasa, inda tawadar ɗumbin kwayoyi ta samar da keɓaɓɓun wurare don keɓaɓɓun wurare da rarraba kayan abinci, ya kasance cikin zurfin 3-4 m. Faɗanannnin waje ba koyaushe bane, amma ana kafa su ne kawai don cire ƙasa da aka tono a farfajiya. .
Yadda dabbar ke haifarwa
Tsarin zamantakewar bera da ake amfani da su sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin iyali, waɗanda suka haɗa da namiji ɗaya da mace ɗaya ko biyu. Idan sun kasance mace biyu, sun haifi biyu a shekara. Dabbar ta hanyar yin canjin yanayi a cikin bazara, kuma za a iya haifar da brood wanda ya ƙunshi 2-3a 2-3an 2-3 daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Rabin maza suna zaune daban kuma ba su haifar da zuriya.
Yankin matasa dabbobin yana faruwa a nesa na dubun ko daruruwan mita. Mata suna yin wannan a farkon shekarar rayuwa, suna hawa zuwa saman, wanda ke bayanin babbar mace-macen su. Mafi yawan lokuta sune abubuwan farautar tsuntsayen birrai da dawakai. Maza sun rabu da mahaifiyarsu shekara guda bayan haka, ba tare da barin hanjin duniya ba. Babban maƙiyin ɓoyayyen berayen berayen shine ƙarancin popecat.
Kwaro
Tsarin ɗamarar ƙasa ƙarƙashin ƙasa cikakke ne ga rayuwar ƙwayoyin bera, amma na iya haifar da damuwa ga ɗan adam. Idan lambun ko lambun ya zama mazaunin wannan dutsen, zaku iya ban kwana da sashin zaki na amfanin gona. Mafi m, dabba zai son karas, dankali da albasarta. Hakanan yana iya ɗanɗano furanni albasa, kayan kiwo, masara da ƙananan bishiyoyi.
Tsoro mara iyaka na ƙasa da aka tono, asara, bacewar ɓarnar da aka shuka har ma da ƙananan bishiyoyi - wannan shine abin da mutane ke lura da shi lokacin da bera ta ɗorawa ke zaune akan ƙasarsu. Bayanin lalacewarsa za a iya ci gaba na dogon lokaci, kuma dakatar da su, aiki ne mai wuya ga mutane da yawa.
Yadda za a fitar da ƙwayar motsi
Tambaya guda kawai ta taso lokacin da aka dasa bera ɗin ƙwayar ƙwayar talakawa a cikin ƙasa - yadda za a rabu da kwaro? Ga mutane da yawa, wannan ya zama aikin da ba zai yuwu ba. Bayan haka, dabbar tana ci gaba da ɓoyewa cikin ƙasa da kasancewarta, tana ƙirƙirar sabon motsi da lalata tsire-tsire masu shuka, cikin dare kawai.
Zai fi kyau a yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan yanayi wanda dabbar ta bar ƙasar cikin yanci. An kirkiri hanyoyi da yawa don wannan, amma ba ɗayansu da ya tabbatar da cewa dabbar za ta gudu ba har abada. Amma duk da haka, yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙari sosai don kawar da ƙwayar motsi ba tare da zubar da jininsa ba.
Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dashi shine cika rami da ruwa. Amma wannan na iya buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, saboda sassan jikin dabbar suna da alama sosai. Kuma idan ƙasa da sauri ta sha danshi, wannan hanyar ba ta da amfani. Wasu suna ƙoƙarin shan ƙwararren maƙwabta mai ƙafa huɗu tare da hayaki, zuba mairosene ko cakuda abubuwa cikin rami. Wata hanyar ita ce ƙirƙirar hayaniya koyaushe a cikin yankin da yake zaune, wanda ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba ta yarda da ita ba. A madadin, zaku iya amfani da shigarwa na mai siyarwar ultrasonic.
M hanyoyi don rabu da tawadar m beraye
Lokacin da ba zai yiwu a kori ɗan bera ba, wasu suna ɗaukar gwargwadon ƙarfin hali - kisa. Don yin wannan, zaku iya kallon dabba ta hanyar buɗe ɗayan motsawa. Ba ya son zayyanawa, don haka babu shakka zai so ya rufe ramin da ƙasa. Da zaran ya kusanto, za a sami zarafin halaka shi.
Wata hanyar kuma ita ce yin rami a cikin rami kuma sanya tarko a ciki don sai bera da ke jikin ta ta shiga ciki ta hanyar budewa ta bude. Yana da mahimmanci tarkon ba shi da ƙamshin ɗan adam, wanda ya cancanci shafa shi da dankali ko ƙasa. Kuna iya amfani da guba don kashe rodents. Amma idan akwai wani abin da za a amfana da shi daga shafin, ƙungiyar mai yiwuwa ba za ta gwada shi da abinci mai guba ba.
Molearancin ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwayar cuta ne, wanda 'yan kaɗan ba su da rai. Rayuwa ta ƙasa tare da aikin dare ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa 'yan kaɗan ba su san game da wanzuwar ta ba. Dayawa zasu fi son basu san game da wanzuwar irin wannan mazaunin karkashin kasa ba, maimakon su ga yadda yake lalata amfanin gona da ke girma a wurin.