Boar (boar daji) - Dabba na matsakaici, na ga dabbobi masu shayarwa. A cikin mutane, “naman alade” asalin magabacan ɗan alade ne.

A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, boar dabba ce mai hatsarin gaske. Zai iya jin baƙon fiye da nesa mai nisa. Kariya a yankinta shine nauyin boar.

Farautar boar farauta sosai mai jaraba nau'i na shakatawa. Mafarauta sun yarda cewa a cikin ganima dole ne a mutu boar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana tattara konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, kuma an dafa nama.

Musamman sanannen su ne sanannun boar snouts, ana iya ganin su sau da yawa akan bangon manyan mafarauta. Hoto raga daji boar sanya a cikin kafofin tarihi da yawa.

Bayanin da fasali na boar daji

Daji boar daji boar - Wannan rukunin rukunin ne artiodactyls, da suborder ba a bayyane da alade iyali. Wannan abincin dabbobi masu shayarwa sun bambanta da alade na gida. Jiki ne mai yawa, an rushe kuma a takaice.

Kafafu suna da tsayi da kauri, wanda ke ba shi damar yin tafiya mai nisa. Headarfi mai ƙarfi, tare da dogon hancin ciki, kunnuwa suna tsaye da kaifi. Babban fa'ida daji boar - Wannan shine ribanyarsa da ya girma.

Enseauki da murfin gashi suna rufe jiki baki ɗaya. A saman ɓangaren gangar jikin, gashin yana samar da wani abu kamar mane lokacin da boar ke faɗakarwa ko tsoro.

Launi na dabba zai iya zama daga launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki - ya dogara da zaman. A cikin yanayin sanyi, a karkashin rigar elongated, wani yanki na farji ya girma. Launi daji boar na iya bambanta kuma ya dogara da mazauni.

Rsoaukan madaidaiciya suna jujjuya su zuwa gajerun wutsiya, tare da goga mai inganci. gaban sashi daji boar mai matukar haɓaka, wanda ke ba shi damar matsawa zuwa wurare masu nisa. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai cm 175, nauyi a cikin kewayon daga 100 zuwa 200 kilogiram, tsayi a ƙishirwa ya kai mita 1. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta kamar maza, shugaban kuma ya bambanta da girma.

Boar rayuwa da mazauninsu

Kayan ƙauyuka na farko daji boar mallakar kudu maso gabas Asia. Daga nan sai suka zauna akan nahiyoyi da yawa. Bayyanar boar daji tsawon lokaci ta canza launin, girman kai da jiki.

Yanayin rayuwa shine mafi girma tsakanin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wani muhimmin yanki ya bazu cikin gandun daji masu rikitarwa da gauraye, a yankuna taiga da yankin mai daure kai.

A zamanin da, mazauni daji boar ya fi fadi, yanzu a wasu wuraren boars daji gaba daya sun lalace. A Rasha, an rarraba dabbar a cikin Tien Shan, Kudancin Siberiya, Caucasus, Transbaikalia. Girgizar daji za a iya kasafta zuwa bangarori hudu (daga yankin rarraba):

* Yammaci
* Bahaushe,
* Gabas,
* Indonesiyan.

Dalilin saurin dangantaka da dabba shine karbuwarta da ikonta. Girgizar daji - Wannan dabba ce ta zamantakewa, a gare su al'ada ce a tara a garkunan.

Kimanin mace daya zuwa uku ga kowane namiji. Girma na matasa, mata da aladu suna tarawa a cikin garken mutane da yawa, tsoffin mutane sun ware. Mace na iya samun daga aladu 6 zuwa 12 a cikin tsintsiya. Ana yawan canza launi don rasawa tsakanin ganye da rassa.

Kwakwalwar Boar Ciyarwa

Abinci daji boar galibi ciyayi, daga abin da aka samo, tushen, kwayoyi, berries, itacen oak, namomin kaza a cikin abincin. A cikin yanayin sanyi, an tilasta dabba don ciyar da larvae, haushi itace, ƙwai tsuntsu, ɗaukar kaya.

Idan babu isasshen abinci a cikin gandun daji, zasu iya ziyartar gonar dankali, beets, turnips da hatsi. Wasu lokuta sukan haifar da mummunar lalacewar tsiro da tsiro.

Ana cin abincin zuriyar gandun daji, beetawan bishiyoyi, pine caterpillars da larvae galibi. Don haka, samar da tsabtataccen tsabta, ban da kwance ƙasa yana inganta haɓaka bishiyoyi da tsirrai.

Adult a rana daji boar zai iya cinye kilogiram 3 zuwa 6. Waɗannan dabbobin da suke zaune kusa da koguna za su iya cin kifaye. Ruwa yana da mahimmanci a cikin abincin, ya kamata ya zama mai yawa.

Kiwo da tsawon rai na boar daji

Adult (matsakaici) daji boar zai iya rayuwa daga shekara 10 zuwa 14, a cikin bauta ya kai shekara 20. Shekaru 1.5, lokacin balaga, mata suka aura daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu.

Tsintsiya a cikin mace na iya zama sau ɗaya a shekara, amma kuma yakan faru sau 2-3. Uwar tana kiyaye shinge sosai a hankali kuma koyaushe tana cikin tashin hankali. Bayan makonni uku, matasa zasu iya tafiya da kansu, shayarwar nono har zuwa watanni 3-3.5.

Menene banbanci tsakanin boar da boar daji?, zalla babu komai, tunda dabba ɗaya ce. Kawai boar Taken littafi, kuma daji boar, hog ko billhook - colloquial. Ana amfani dasu galibi cikin farauta kalmomi. Ana iya ɗauka cewa ya dogara da shekarun mutum.

Lokacin da dabbar tayi saurin tashi, tururin zai iya tsayawa har sai numfashi na karshe. Girgizar daji na iya zama mai kisan kaiamma ga yawancin mafarauta wannan ba matsala bane. A cikin neman farin ciki, suna iya zama gwagwarmaya. The boar zai iya cikakken kare yankinsa.

Yaya boar daji yake?

Boarshen daji shine asalin aladen gida, amma ya sha bamban da shi. Wasu sunaye don wannan dabbar - mai tsabta, boar daji, alade na daji. Boar wata dabba ce mai shayarwa, wani yanki na artiodactyls, wani yanki ne mai kama da alade (mara mara nauyi), aladu na iyali da kuma dabi'ar halittar daji.

Gwargwadon dabbar dabba ce mai girman gaske, wadda ta kai har tsawon cm 175. Jikinta ya yi ƙasa da na dangin sa. Yana da fadi, kirji mai nauyi da ƙugu na ƙashin ƙugu. Shugaban yana da girma da girma fiye da na alade na gida, mai kamanni, yana ƙare da facin. Fanfuna wanda yake fitowa daga bakin dabbar yana girma cikin rayuwarsa. A cikin maza sun fi tsayi fiye da na mace. Idanun suna kanana. Kafafu suna da tsayi da kauri. Kunnuwa sun fi girma, kafa tare da dubaru. Gashinan ba ya lanƙwasa, madaidaiciya, kai tsawon 20-25 cm, yana ƙare da goge na gashin gashi.

Dukkanin naman alade an rufe shi da gashin bakin murjani, amma ban da ɓangaren ƙananan wuyansa da ciki. A gefen kashin baya, gashin gashin hankulansu suna yin mur, wanda zai tashi da buroshi yayin da dabbar ta tsoratar ko ta ji haushi. Launin bristles mai launin ruwan kasa-baki ne, mai ruwan goge baki. Ta hanyar hunturu, busho ya cika launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi. A waje, boar yayi kama da baki-mai-launin toka-mai haske. Hannun safa, da kashin kafafu, da ƙananan kafafu suna fenti baki.

Piglets koyaushe suna da launin taguwa - launin ruwan kasa-baki-fari. Ba ya dogara da irin da launi na manya.

Tunda isar daji ta mamaye babban yanki na duniya, launinsu na iya bambanta sosai, gwargwadon yankin dabbobi. A yankin Lake Balkhash, zaka iya samun mutane masu launuka masu haske sosai. A ƙasar Belarus, galibi boars mai launin fata tare da launin baƙar fata na gashi ana samun su.

Nawa ne nauyin boar daji?

Budurwa ta maza mai shekaru zata iya isa ga ƙurar daga 50 santimita zuwa 1 mita, mace - har zuwa 90 cm Amma kuma ana samun manyan mutane. Thewararren balagaggen daji ya kai kilogiram 100, amma ɗaiɗaikun mutane zasu iya samun kilogram 150 - 200 na nauyi. Sabbin aladu masu nauyin kilogram 600 zuwa 1000, a cikin mafi yawan lokuta 850 grams. Tsawon watanni 6 suna samun kilo 30 na nauyi.

A cikin Primorye da Manchuria, masu cajin kuɗi zasu iya kaiwa zuwa nauyi na kimanin rabin tan. A Gabashin Turai, ana samun wasu mutane har zuwa kilo 275 wani lokacin.

SANARWA! Akwai lokuta lokacin da mafarautan suka kashe boars na daji masu girman girma. Misali, a shekarar 2015, an kama boar da nauyin jikinta ya kai kilo 550 kuma tsawan tsayi sama da 30 cm ne a Rasha.

Halaye da salon rayuwa

Boars ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duniya, fewan dabbobi masu shayarwa har yanzu suna mamaye wannan yanki kamar boars daji. Don rayuwa, sun zaɓi gandun daji gauraye da ƙwaya (tare da beech da itacen oak) tare da zafi mai laushi. Kasancewar jikin ruwa kusa da shi, koda kuwa zai kasance fadama-ruwa ne, wajibi ne. Aladu masu gandun daji suna zaune a tsaunukan tuddai da ƙananan tuddai na Kudancin da Arewacin Turai, Arewacin Amurka, suna tartsatsi a nesa da nesa, cikin yankuna Eurasia, a kan iyakar Hindustan da tsibiran Indonesia.

Mahalli na boars na daji ya mamaye wurare daga hamada zuwa jeji na wurare masu zafi, kazalika da gandun daji da ciyayi. Yankunan da amfanin gona ya mamaye su basu yi watsi da aladu na daji ba, suna haifar da cutarwa ga manoma.

Don haɓaka yawan adadin kuɗin lissafin, an kawo su Amurka, Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya. A wadannan wuraren suna kokarin yin kiwo ne kawai.

A Rasha, boars na daji suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Moscow, da kuma cikin yankin Irkutsk, da kuma a cikin yankin ƙasa na Krasnoyarsk.

Boar ya fi dacewa ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai amfani da daddare. Da rana tsaka, suka kwanta cikin ramuka. Boars suna ƙaunar yin walda a cikin laka, saboda haka suna daidaita zafin jikinsu kuma suna kawar da cututtukan fata.

Aladu masu daji iri ne na omnivores. Sukan sami ainihin abincin da suke ci a ƙasa, suna tono shi da faci da fitila. 'Ya'yan itaciya na daji suna ciyar da tushe da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, tsaba da' ya'yan itatuwa na bishiyoyi da ganye, ƙwayaye, da sassa na ciyayi. Baya ga shuka abinci, yakamata ku kula ku ci frogs, mice da ƙananan macizai.

Boan daji suna ƙaunar jama'a, mata masu girma tare da matasa dabbobi da yara maza marasa ƙarfi suna zaune a cikin garken dabbobi har kusan 30. A cikin lokacin kiwo, daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, mazan da suka manyanta sun haɗa garke, waɗanda suka gwammace su zauna su kaɗai.

Fasalin halayen

Halin ɗan boar ba shi da kwatankwacin halayen alade na gida. Duk hayaniya ko abu da ba a san shi ba, bayyanar mutum a tafarkinsa, zai iya tayar da dabbar. Hookoƙarin lissafin dabbobi ba su da girma fiye da beyar. Murmushi mutum, beyar ya fi son barin. Boar ya fi mai da hankali kan al'amuransa, kuma ba shi da ɗan kula da abin da ke faruwa. Haɗu da mutum na iya tsoratar da shi ko kuma ya sa shi yin fushi. A kowane hali, dabbar da ke da matukar tasirin gaske zata kai hari. Dabba mai rauni ko firgita zai yi ƙoƙarin kashe abokan gaba da ƙarin ƙarfi. Haƙiƙa haɗarin musamman daga namiji zuwa ga fanan adam tsintsaye ne. Mace sun fi so su murƙushe abokin hamayya da ƙafafun gaba.