Asalin halittar shi kadai ne jinsin: marmosette - C. goeldii Thomas, 1904. sian ƙaramar marmoset dodo. Tsawon tsayuwar jikin marmoset shine 18 - 21 cm. Tsawon wutsiya shine cm 25 zuwa 32. Girman sa ya kai kimanin g 280. Murfin gashin marmoset yafi tsayi, lokacin farin ciki da taushi. Akwai manean sanda a saman kai, a wuya da kafaɗa. A bayan jikin mutum, rowan marmoset yana girma da gashin gashi mai danshi yana sauka zuwa tushe wutsiyar. Babu gashin gashi a kunne. Launin gashin gashi launin ruwan kasa-baki ne, tare da alamu masu launin shuɗi a bayan wutsiya. Wani lokacin akwai alamun farin kan kai da kuma bayan marmoset. Yawan kwaroromom ɗin 48 ne.
Anyi nazarin yanayin lafiyar marmoset musamman talauci. Ana ajiye su a cikin fakitoci na mutane 20-30 a cikin ƙananan da kuma tsakiyar sassan rawanin itace. Moan fari na ciyarwa kuma mai yiwuwa 'ya'yan itace ne, mara ganye, ƙwaya, kwari, da sauran ƙananan dabbobi.
Marmosettes kuma sun zama ruwan dare a cikin kwari na Amazon a yammacin Brazil, a gabashin Peru da arewacin Bolivia. Wasu masu bincike suna danganta asalin halittar marmoset ga dangin capuchin ko kuma ware shi a cikin iyalin Callimico-tsarie na musamman.
Yawan marmosettes ƙanƙane. Duba da aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi.
KALLIMIKO GELDIEVAYA (Callimico goeldii) wata dabba ce da ba a santa ba, ƙaramar sananniya ce da ke da kauri, silky fur, babban launinta baƙi ne, amma a ƙarshen gashi yana da sauƙi. Gashi a baya da kuma bangarorin kai yana da tsawo, puffing. Wutsiya ya fi tsayi fiye da kai da jiki. Babban yatsa na hannu yana da tsawo, amma ba ya tsayayya. Hanci ya yi rauni sosai, kuma hanci ya nuna kamar ya juya, snub-nosed. Kallimiko yana zaune a saman iyakar kogin Amazon, a cikin kambin ciyawar da bishiyoyi. Rana rana. Hanya ta motsawa da kuma murya, kamar tamarines da marmosets.
Marmoset Callimico goeldii
Wannan asalin halittar sabuwar Duniyar ta ƙunshi nau'in jinsi ɗaya na musamman don zama hanyar haɗi tsakanin iyalai biyu na manyan birai - tsebids da marmosets. Yawancin lokaci ana rarrabe shi zuwa na musamman Callimiconinae subfamily. Ta hanyar tsarin ƙafafun, fuska da kusoshi masu kamannu, suna kama da marmosets, hakoransu da kwanyar daidai suke da na cebids.
Namiji ya na da taushi mai kauri, mai launin siliki, kusan dukkan baƙin ƙarfe ne mai launi, amma lokaci-lokaci tare da launin shuɗi mai duhu, musamman a bayan fage. Wasu mutane na iya samun fulogen haske da tufkafi a kawunansu, bayansu, da sauran wurare.
Wataƙila mafi kyawun halayyar waje na marmosette shine hula mai dogon gashi mai ɗorawa a saman kai, da maɗaurin dogon gashi yana rufe wuyan da kafadu kamar alkyabbar. Gashin gashi mai elongated a kan siffofin sacrum, kamar, rim a gindin wutsiya.
An bayyana nau'in halittar ne a cikin 1904, amma a cikin shekaru sittin bayan da ta zama sananne ga ilimin kimiyya, da wuya a iya koyan komai game da al'adunta, ilmin halitta, da kuma bukatun muhalli a cikin daji. Hatta halin yanzu na dabba ba a bayyana ta daidai ba. Fewan samfuran da aka samo an kama su ne a saman Amazon, arewacin Bolivia, gabashin Peru da yammacin Brazil (Acre Territory, Rio Xa Puri), inda biri ke zaune cikin gungun mutane har zuwa ashirin da talatin. Abu ne mai wahala ka kama wannan dabba mai hankali da tsuma.
Abin takaici, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, karamin biri mai rai ya zama babba a matsayin dabbobi, kuma, ga alama, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don shawo kan matsalolin da ke tattare da kamawa. Duk wannan yana da mummunan sakamako sakamakon, musamman saboda yawancin dabbobi da aka kawo zuwa wasu ƙasashe nan da nan suka mutu.
Wajibi ne gwamnatocin dukkanin kasashe ukun su taƙaita ko hana fitar da kayan marmosets ta amfani da wata doka ɗaya ko amincewar da aka yi. Koyaya, ya zama dole a fara nazarin muhalli nan da nan tare da halartar ɗaya ko fiye da kwararru don sanin halin yanzu na wannan nau'in tare da ba da shawarwari akan matakan kariya.
Har zuwa 1954, lokuta biyu ne kawai na kiyaye birai a cikin bauta an san su: a London Zoo (1915) da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Geldy a cikin jihar Para (Brazil). Daga 1954 zuwa 1963, kwafi shida suka zo gidan zoo a cikin Bronx, ɗayansu, namiji ne ya kawo a 1959, ya rayu har zuwa Maris 1964, sama da shekaru huɗu da rabi. A shekarar 1961, Cologne Zoo ta samu samanta na farko - mace, sannan kuma ta sami wani namiji wanda ya rayu shekaru biyar da rabi. A cikin 1966, daga birai goma sha biyun da aka kawo su Jamus, bakwai har yanzu suna da rai. A karo na farko, Dr. L. Rein daga Jami'ar Miami yayi nasarar samun zuriyar dabba a zaman bauta, yayin da ba a san adadin dozin da yawa a cikin bauta ba, duk a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu kuma guda daya ne a San Diego Zoo.
(D. Fisher, N. Simon, D. Vincent "The Red Book", M., 1976)
Bayyanar da mazauni
Geldiev Kallimiko (Goimdii na yanar gizo) - kawai wakilin kwayar halittar Kiran - mai suna bayan masanin kimiyyar halitta na Switzerland Emil August Göldi (1859-1917). Kallimiko yana zaune a cikin kwari na saman Amazon a Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ekwado da Peru. Wadannan kananan birai suna da tsawon jiki na kusan 20 cm da wutsiya 25-30 cm, nauyinsu 355-556 g. Jawo furcin kallimiko mai kauri ne da siliki, a bayan sa da kuma gefen kai sai su girma dogon gashi da suke haifar da goge, wuya da kafadu.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Mai Kallimiko omnivores, ciyar a kan 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itãcen marmari da namomin kaza, kwari (kwari, kwari), gizo-gizo da ƙananan shinge (lizards, frogs da macizai). Suna ciyar da bishiyoyi da kan ƙasa, a cikin lokacin bushewa suna shan ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, kuma a cikin lokacin rigar suna saukar da ɗigon ganye daga ganye da harbe.
Rayuwa
Kallimiko jagoranci kullun rana da galibi rayuwar arboreal. Zasu iya hawa kai tsaye tare da bishiyoyin bishiya, suna tsalle daga itace zuwa itace kuma suna juyawa, zasu iya sauka daga kan gungumen itace gaba ko kuma gaba, baya. Yin tsalle, kallimiko yana amfani da ƙashin bayan hindu don fitar da babban tura kuma ya ba inertia. Godiya ga ƙarfin turawa, sun sami damar shawo kan nesa har zuwa 4 m a tsalle ba tare da rasa tsayi ba. Waɗannan firam ɗin sun fi son zama a cikin ƙananan bene na gandun daji (1-5 a saman ƙasa), amma a cikin neman abinci suna iya tashi har ma da hakan. Birai marasa ƙwayar cuta waɗanda suke akan ciki suna amfani da birai don bawa jikinsu ƙanshi na musamman. Don yin wannan, suna shimfiɗa wata gabar jikinsu ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin jiki a cikin baka ko kuma a sa wuya wutsiyarsu a cikin wani zobe a ƙarƙashin jiki, sannan a motsa shi baya da gaba a ƙarƙashin ciki, ta haka suna jika kansu da fitsari da ƙanshin glandar.
Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa
Wadannan birai suna zaune a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko gungun dangi wanda yakai mutane 9. Kashin bayan rukunin ya kunshi namiji manya, daya ko biyu mace kiwo da zuriyarsu. Rukunin suna da alaƙa da haɗin kai: kallimiko da wuya ya ƙaurace wa juna ta hanyar fiye da m 15. A lokacin hutawa (tsakanin ciyarwa da motsawa), kayan marmosets suna ba da lokaci mai yawa don kulawa da zamantakewa (ango): goge gashinsu, cire kwari da mutuƙar fata. Da yamma kallimiko suna hutawa a kan mutane 1-4 waɗanda ke da 'yan mitoci daga juna, suna bacci da dare gabaki ɗaya a cikin rami mai zurfi ko a cikin itacen da yake rami, suna gusawa tare. Lokacin kiwo shine a watan Satumba-Nuwamba, daukar ciki yakai kwanaki 145-157. Mace ta haifi ɗa guda wanda nauyinsa ya kai 30-60 g kuma tana ciyar da ita da madara har tsawon watanni biyu. A makonni biyu na farko, uwa ta sanya danta a ciki, sati na uku - uba, sannan kuma - kowane daga cikin membobin kungiyar. A lokacin da yake wata daya, dan zai fara gwada abinci mai karfi, kuma daga mako bakwai sai ya kusan canzawa zuwa abincin da ya manyanta.
Geldieva Kallimiko
Geldieva Kallimiko - Goimdii na yanar gizo - Yana raye a saman iyakar kogin Amazon tsakanin digiri 1 arewa da digiri 13 kudu maso nesa, a cikin kambi mai yawa na bishiyoyi. Goimdii na yanar gizo wanda aka samo a Kudancin Columbia, gabashin Ekwado, gabashin Peru, yammacin Brazil da arewacin Bolivia. Jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Wannan wata dabba ce da ba a sani ba, sanannun dabba, tare da kauri, siliki fur, babban launinta baƙar fata ne ko launin ruwan kasa, kuma a ƙarshen gashi gashi ya fi sauƙi. A kan fuska ko a kewayen fuska, yankuna masu launin farin launi mai yiwuwa. Babban taro na manya yakai 393-860 g. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 210-234, wutsiyar ita ce 255-324 mm. Dogaye gashi yana haifar da mur, yana faɗo a wuya da kafaɗa, dogayen gashi yana tsiro a gindin wutsiyar. Manya suna da zoben haske a wutsiyarsu.
Goimdii na yanar gizo ciyar a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwari da ƙananan ƙananan shinge. Rukunin dangi sunyi balaguro don neman 'ya'yan itace, ba a lura da gasar abinci ba. Suna ciyar da duka bishiyoyi da kuma a ƙasa, inda suke farauta ƙananan dabbobin. Mata suna haihuwar cubaya cubaya. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 155. Jariri yakai nauyin 30-60 g. Lokacin da ya kai makonni 4, ya rigaya ya iya cin abincin da manya suka bashi, kuma a sati bakwai ya ciyar da daidai gwargwado tare da manya. Makonni biyu na farko, uwa ta sanya shi a kai, sati na uku - uba, da sati na hudu - duk wani memba na kungiyar.
Birai sun isa balaga lokacin da suke da wata 14, kuma tsawon rayuwar da aka ɗauka cikin shekaru 18 ne. An samo su a kan bishiyoyi a nisan mil 5, kuma suna iya tashi sama a kan neman abinci, ka da kan gangara, bincika sassan jikin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi. Suna hawa kan layi a tsaye a jikin bishiyoyin, suna tsalle daga itace zuwa itace, suna juyawa kuma suna kama ganima. Sun iya cin nasara nesa da 4 m a tsalle ba tare da rasa tsayi ba. Domin wata rana suna yin hanyarsu ta wani hanya, yankinsu yakai kadada 30-80. Barci tare, huddled tare. Sau uku a rana, sukan tsaya su huta na tsawon mintuna 30 zuwa 90 domin su tafi da rana ko kuma yin kayan miya.
Bayyanar Kallimiko Geldieva
Kallimiko hakora da kwanyar suna kama da na cebids, kuma fuskoki, ƙafafu da kusoshi, kamar marmosets da tamarins, waxanda suke da marmosets.
Geldy's marmoset yana da kauri. Babban launi jikin mutum baƙaƙe ne, amma gashin kawunanku ya fi sauƙi. Wasu mutane na iya samun ƙananan furucin da siket ɗin a jikin alkyabbar. A bangarorin kai da baya, gashin ya fi tsayi, puffing. Wannan gashi yana samar da hula a kambi da zaren a kafaɗa. Wutsiya tana da tsawo. An kafa hular fur a gindin wutsiya. Saboda ƙarancin haƙuri, hanci yana kama da hanci.
Geldi marmosocket (Callimico goeldii).
Abin da aka sani game da rayuwar Kallimiko
Kallimiko suna zaune kusa da Kogin Amazon, a cikin gandunan daji. Gidan su shine kambi mai yawa na bishiyoyi. Suna zagayawa suna ihu kamar marmosettes da tamarines.
An bayyana Kallimiko Geldieva a cikin 1904, amma bayan hakan kadan za'a iya koya game da ilmin halitta, halaye, da fasalin yanayin halittun. Har wa yau, ba a tantance kewayon wadannan birai daidai. Capturedan dabbobi kaɗan aka kama a yammacin Brazil da gabashin Peru. A waɗannan wuraren, birai suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 20-30. Yana da matukar wahala a kama kirar motsi da wayo.
Kallimiko geldieva yana kan jerin kariyar da aka kiyaye ta.
Yawan Kallimiko
Abin takaici, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kallimikos mai ban dariya da raye-raye sun zama sananne sosai kamar dabbobi. Wannan ya fara da sakamakon bakin ciki, tunda an kama birai da yawa, waɗanda, suka fada cikin sabon yanayi, galibi suna mutuwa.
A cewar dokar, an hana kallimiko fitar da kaya zuwa kasar waje.
Don adana marmosets, ya zama dole a kirkiro da wata yarjejeniya da aka yarda da ita, wanda a ciki abin da zai haramta fitar da wadannan dabbobi da shigo da su cikin wasu kasashe. Tare da wannan, ya zama dole muyi nazarin yanayin halittar kallimiko ta yadda zai yiwu a tantance halin da jinsin ke ciki da kuma tantance matakan kare wadannan birai.
Kallimiko geldieva ba ta kiyaye shi ba kawai ta hanyar doka ba, har ma ana kiyaye ta a wuraren kiwon dabbobi, inda suke ƙoƙarin sake mamaye yawan jinsunan.
Har zuwa 1954, an rike kallimiko a cikin fursunoni kawai a Brazil da London. Bayan shekara ta 1954, mutane 6 suka zauna a gidan ajiyar dabbobi a cikin yankin Bronx. Yaron ya rayu har zuwa 1964. A shekara ta 1961, wata mace ta zauna a Cologne, kuma tuni akwai wani namiji wanda ya rayu shekaru 5. A shekarar 1966, birai 7 suna da rai, a cikin 20 an kawo su.
A karo na farko, Dr. L. Rhine, wanda ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Miami, ya sami nasarar haifar da zuriyarsu Kallimiko a zaman talala. A yau, kasa da 10 na kamarar kallimiko na fursuna an san su, yayin da 1 kawai aka lura a San Diego Zoo, sauran sun kasance daga masu mallakar masu zaman kansu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.