Tattaunawa - kifin ruwa mai tsabta na gidan cichlid. Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan kifaye da yawa, kuma duk sun bambanta da kyakkyawan launi mai haske na sikeli. Baya ga kyakkyawa, tattaunawar ma tana da matukar ban tsoro - wanda shine dalilin da yasa wasu masu binciken ruwa ga masanan ke ganin cewa sabon shiga ba zai iya fuskantar irin wannan kifin ba. Amma bari mu kasance masu kyakkyawan fata: hankali da sha'awar duk abin da masu farawa ke buƙatar ci gaba da tattaunawa, kayan abu a cikin wannan labarin zasu amfana da masu noctarists.
Bayani da hotunan shahararrun nau'ikan
Wuraren shara na Kudu Maso Kudancin Amurka ana ɗaukar su matsayin mazaunin tattaunawar. A yanayi, nau'ikan kifaye 3 na waɗannan kifaye ne kawai an rarrabe su, kuma kusan ba su faruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Don aquarists, shayarwa yayi kokarin kuma bred da yawa yawan tattaunawa. Koyaya, dukansu suna da buƙata sosai game da yanayin tsarewa, tare da kulawa mara kyau yawancin lokaci suna rashin lafiya, kuma daga baya suka mutu.
Tattaunawa ta fara zuwa Turai a farkon ƙarnin 30 na ƙarni na ƙarshe, amma a gida ba su da tushe. Amma masu binciken kimiyyar halitta sunyi binciken kuskuren su, kuma ƙoƙari na biyu ya riga ya yi nasara. A yau, ana iya samun kifayen kifi na Kudancin Amurka a cikin jerin ruwayoyin a kusan kowace ƙasa a duniya. Suna da siffar jiki mai siffar diski, tsawonsa ya bambanta da 15 cm zuwa 25. Yana da matukar wahala a bayyana launin sikelin kifayen, kamar yadda masu shayarwa suka cire adadin adadin tattaunawar, kowannensu yana bambanta shi da gamsuwarsa mai haske. Wadannan kifayen suna da dunƙule guda-guda, har da baya-bayan-kashi da najasa, waɗanda suke da juna. Kudancin Kifi na Kudancin Amurka suna da halin disculiar disculiar.
Mafi mashahurin tattaunawa tsakanin masanan aquarists sune:
- Farar Fuska Marlboro Red. Kifi mai kiwo, wanda launi iri-iri mai haske ya bambanta shi: yana farawa daga kai, launi yana kama da ruwan lemun wuta mai walƙiya, kusa da wutsiya launin ya zama ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda, sannan shunayya.
Tsarin akwatin kifaye
Zaɓin akwatin kifaye don tattaunawa babban al'amari ne, saboda ingancin rayuwar kifin zai dogara da girman filin ruwan gida. Ya kamata a sani yanzunnan an zaɓi ƙarfin gwargwadon 30-40 lita na ruwa a cikin kowane balaga (duk da haka, ƙwararrun masanan tattaunawar direbobi sun ba da shawarar mai haɗi zuwa lita 50 ko fiye). Don soyayyen kifi mai tsami, lita 10-15 kuma sun isa, amma kada ku yi saurin sayan tanki mai ƙanƙanta. Gaskiyar ita ce tattaunawar tayi girma cikin sauri, kuma bayan watanni 12-15 sun isa matsakaicin girman su.
Ya kamata kuma a san cewa kifayen Kudancin Amurka suna iya girma da haɓaka na yau da kullun a cikin garken. Masu sana'a aquarists sun lura cewa siyan biyu na kifayen (mace da namiji) ba ra'ayi bane gabaɗaya. Komai irin nadama da zaiyi, idan aka sami ci gaba wasu kifaye sukan kamu da rashin lafiya har su mutu. Kuma idan kun kasance mafari kuma kawai ba ku da lokacin ganin komai? Abin da ya sa ya fi kyau ka sayi akwatin kifaye, ruwan yana ƙarfe wanda ya ba ka damar cike sararin samaniya da lita 250 na ruwa kuma ka sanya nau'ikan tattaunawa guda 6 zuwa cikin wannan akwatin kifaye. Matsakaicin akwatin akwatin ruwa 250 na yau da kullun yana da tsawo na 50 cm kuma tsawon 100 cm.
Amma idan gidanku yana da isasshen sarari na lita 500 (kuma wataƙila ƙari) akwatin kifaye, to muna ba da shawarar ku saya. Bayan haka, ƙarin diskus ɗin zai sami sarari, ƙarancin da za su ji rauni su mutu (kodayake wannan ba shine kawai cutar cutar ba). Bugu da ƙari, a cikin babban tanki, zaku iya aiwatar da kowane ra'ayi na ƙira.
Bukatun ruwa
Wajibi ne a yi la’akari sosai dalla-dalla game da yanayin zazzabi don yanayin kifi.Tattaunawa zai faranta maka ido kawai idan yanayin zafin jikinsu na ruwa yayi sanyi tsakanin 28 da 32 ° C. Lura cewa waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa zasu fara jin rauni a yanayin zafi ƙasa da ƙima kaɗan sannan kuma su mutu (idan baka ɗauki lokacin da ake buƙata ba matakan). Yayin lokutan jiyya da keɓe masu ciwo, dole ne a ɗaga zafin jikin ruwan zuwa matakin 34-35 ° C. A wannan yanayin, ana iya kiyaye kifaye fiye da kwana biyu. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa a cikin lokuta na musamman, tattaunawa za a iya bi da shi a yanayin zafi na 37-38 ° C, amma ba fiye da awanni 2 ba. Ya kamata a ajiye fry a cikin kwantena daban, tunda yanayin zafi na 30-31 ° C ya zama dole don ingantaccen haɓaka su.
Ra'ayoyin masana game da abin da yakamata ya zama mai nuna hydrogen na ruwa (acidity) da taurin kai kadan ne warwatse. Amma matsakaita ƙididdigar ta ce mafi girman acid shine 7.0, kuma taurin shine 15. Koyaya, wasu maɓallin diski suna ɗauke da kifinsu a cikin alkaline da ruwa mai ƙarfi a 8.0 da 20, bi da bi. A lokaci guda, fakitin ba ya yin rashin lafiya kuma baya canza halayensa na yau da kullun. Anan akwai hanyoyin haifuwa a cikin wannan jikin ruwan ba zai iya jira ba.
A yau, akwai wata muhawara tsakanin masu sha'awar diskus game da sau nawa kuke buƙatar canza ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wasu sun yarda - sau 1-2 a mako, yayin da na biyu ke cewa wasu ruwa suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu kowace rana. Amma gaskiyar ita ce cewa ruwa yana buƙatar canzawa, saboda yana da mahimmanci don tattaunawa. Kuma babu wani daga cikin mafi girman biofilters da zai iya maye gurbin tsarin halitta na canza hydromass.
Idan muka matsakaita duk bayanan akan canza ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye don tattaunawa, wannan shine abin da ya faru: aiwatar da aikin sauya hydromass kowane kwanaki 1-2, canza kusan 30-40% na ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar canza ruwan zuwa daidai iri ɗaya (tare da zazzabi iri ɗaya, tauri da acidity). Ina kuma so in lura cewa girman girman ruwan sarari ga mutum ɗaya, masu ba da ƙarfi a biofilters da ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka yarda zasu taimaka rage yawan canjin hydromass zuwa sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Ilasa da ciyawa
Idan muka yi magana game da tsirrai da ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifaye don tattaunawa, to, nan kuma a nan ra'ayoyin kwararru sun bambanta. Za'a iya kawo wasu maganganu masu kyau na tsalle-tsalle na duniyar ruwa, amma kuma za'a iya kawo sunayen marasa kyau. Babban fa'idodin ciyayi a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da tattaunawa:
- ado mai kyau da ta'aziyya. Gurin kifi mara komai zai yi kama da na asali,
- tsire-tsire a cikin lokuta masu wuya na iya zama ƙarin abinci don kifi,
- ciyayi mai yawa na iya zama wurin kariya ga kifi, musamman a lokacin da ake fara rikici a lokacin da rikici ta fara tsakanin 'yan uwan jini',
- ciyayi ya sami damar hada oxygen.
Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da ɓangarorin:
- Don haɓakar ciyayi na al'ada, ya wajaba don kula da yawan zafin jiki. Kamar yadda kuka sani, algae baya jin dadi musamman a yanayin zafi, saboda haka dole ku sanya alamar + 28 ° C a cikin akwatin kifaye (wannan, a hanya, yana da haɗari sosai dangane da lafiyar yau da kullun na tattaunawar),
- a lokacin keɓewa, kifi zai buƙaci prophylaxis ko magani. A irin waɗannan yanayin, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 34-35 ° C, ƙari, akwai buƙatar magani. Koyaya, algae da alama ba zai iya tsayayya da irin waɗannan yanayin ba,
- saboda algae iya girma, suna buƙatar ƙasa. Kuma inda akwai ƙasa, akwai datti da rarar abinci. Bugu da kari, kwayoyin cuta daban-daban zasu iya zama a cikin kasa,
- don ci gaban al'ada, dole ne a haskaka ciyayi bisa ga wata dabara ta musamman. Koyaya, wannan dabarar ba koyaushe yayi daidai da mafi kyawun bakan don tattaunawa ba.
Encedwararren masaniyar cikin ruwa na iya yin jayayya game da abubuwan da ke sama kuma suka ce algae za a iya haɓaka tare da tsirrai masu bada shawara. Tabbas, yana yiwuwa, amma kawai idan mutum ya riga ya sami ƙwarewa a cikin wannan al'amari, da kuma adadi mai yawa da aka ɓata akan kula da gidan "hydropark" ba matsala gare shi ba. A wannan yanayin, a kasan akwatin kifaye, zaku iya shirya ƙasa daga kyawawan tsakuwa ko yashi mai nauyi. Kamar yadda tsire-tsire, echinodorus, wallisneria, hornwort, ferns, cryptocarins, da dai sauransu sun dace sosai.Ya kamata a lura cewa tsire-tsire na halitta a cikin sararin ruwa na akwatin kifin ma yana buƙatar kulawa. Yana buƙatar ciyar da shi akai-akai, sauƙaƙe, sako da makamantansu.
Mafi mahimmanci, idan kuna da babban buri da himma, to, kada ku ji tsoron dasa algae a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da tattaunawa. Idan ciyayi ya mutu, to a sake gwadawa, saboda godiya ga kuskuren da mutum ya samu shine ƙwarewar masaniyar.
Equipmentarin kayan aiki
Kyakkyawan akwatin kifaye don tattaunawa ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aiki don kwararar ruwa (da kyau tare da bawul ɗin lantarki), masu kula da zazzabi (na wani iko, wanda zai isa sosai a koyaushe tsarin mulkin zazzabi mafi kyau, ana bada shawara don shigar da masu kula da zazzabi guda 2 tare da karfin 200 W kowace), ingantaccen biofilter da madadin kayan aiki wutar lantarki (janareto). Siyan shigarwa na haske ba lallai ba ne. Wannan ne yake aikata kawai a lokuta inda bukatar haske shuke-shuke girma a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Bayani da mazauninsu
Tattaunawa sune kifi na halittar Symphysodon. Homelandasar haihuwar su ita ce Riverarfin Kogin Amazon.
Jikin kifin yana da girma, kusan zagaye ne da sikeli kuma ya kaɗa iri ɗaya a cikin tarnaƙi, maimakon su yi kama da lemun tsintsiya.
Abubuwan launuka na Tattaunawar ruwa mai ruwa iri daban-daban ne, amma kullun akwai igiyoyi guda tara da ake gani a jikin su, wanda ake iya gani zuwa ƙarami ko mafi girma. Tsawonsa kusan 15-20 cm.
Banbancin jima'i a Tattaunawa ba a bayyana kwata-kwata, ba koyaushe ma ƙwararre kan iya sanin ko namiji ne ko mace ba.
Ya kamata a bayyana dalilin da ya sa a cikin yanayin wannan kifin yana zaune ne kawai a cikin Amazon da kuma a wasu koguna na Kudancin Amurka. Bayan lokacin damina (Disamba-Mayu), tsaftataccen ruwan Amazon ya zama laka da yumbu, sun zubar kilomita da dama kuma suka mamaye gandun da ke kusa. A watan Yuni-Yuli, ruwa ya sake zama kuma ya sake fitowa fili, tare da kirkirar wasu kananan tafkuna tare da ruwa mai tsafta amma duhu, ana san shi da laushi, rashin ingantaccen wutan lantarki, yawan zafin jiki da tsayayyar ruwa. Bottomarshe a cikin waɗannan rafuffuka da rafuffuka an rufe su da ganyayyaki masu jujjuyawa, kuma tushen bishiyoyin bakin teku da bishiyoyi suna girma a can. Za su zama a matsayin madadin yin tattaunawar tattaunawa.
Ruwa na “baƙi” a cikin tafukan mutum yana da sigogi na musamman, waɗanda ba su da mahimmanci, wani lokacin ma daban. Sabili da haka, Tattaunawa daban-daban tare da launi da kaddarorin da ke halayyar wannan rukunin rukunin mutanen an haife su. Wadannan alumman yankin sun hada da makarantu na daruruwan kifaye. Suna ciyar da kwari, shrimps, ƙananan mollusks.
A cikin Wuraren guda guda, tare da Tattaunawa, piranhas, stingrays, wasu nau'in cichlids, tetras, da wukake kifi zasu iya rayuwa. Amma kawai mai haɗarin gaske a gare su shine mayun lantarki.
Ta yaya kuma don ciyar da kifi
Tattaunawa ya zaɓi abincin asalin dabba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, kwararru suna tattauna direbobi suna shirya kifin su don naman sa na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da:
- zuciyar saniya
- nama daga jatan lande, da masun kifi,
- daban-daban kayan lambu da kuma bitamin.
Akwai girke-girke da yawa don shirya irin wannan tasa, kuma kowane mashin ruwa ya inganta abin da ya fi so, wanda aka gwada shi a aikace a cikin shekaru.
Sabon shiga sau da yawa yakan sayi abincin da yake daskarewa, wanda zai iya cutar da kifi, koda kuwa irin wannan abincin yana da tsada kuma kamfanonin kamfanonin ƙasashen waje ne ke samarwa. Gaskiyar ita ce abincin abinci sau da yawa yana tabarbarewa yayin isar da sahun zuwa matsakaici. Cakuda daskarewa da daskarewa samfuran yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa cin su yana haifar da guba da sauran matsalolin narkewa a cikin tattaunawa. Mafi shahararrun abincin abinci shine gammarus, tubule, bloodworm, da sauransu.
Manya na buƙatar a ciyar da su sau 2-3 a rana. Wasu masana aquarists sun fi son ciyar da kifi sau ɗaya kawai a rana, amma a cikin manyan rabo. Abu ne wanda ba a ke so ya yi wannan, tunda tattaunawar ba za ta iya cinye abincin ba, zai zauna a ƙasa, ya fara lalata da jefa nitrates mai lahani cikin ruwa. Koyaya, idan babu ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifayen ku, to zaku iya ciyar da kifin sau ɗaya a rana, kawai sannan kuna buƙatar siphon ƙasa yau da kullun. Ana ciyar da Fry a cikin karamin rabo sau 5-6 a rana.
Mista Tail ya ba da shawarar: iri
Jinsunan Symphysodon tattauna farko ya bayyana a cikin rarrabuwa na cichlids a farkon shekarun karni na karshe kuma sun haɗa da ƙananan kuɗi guda ɗaya - Häckel.
A cikin 1960, an fadada rarrabuwa tare da sababbin gwamnatocin - kayan haɗin, kore, launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi.
Tun 2006, a cikin tsarin hukuma, wanda ya canza sau da yawa, akwai nau'ikan guda uku:
- Symphysodon tattauna Heckel, wanda ya ƙunshi rashi biyu:
- Tattaunawa Haeckel (1840).
- Discus Burgess (a cikin 1981, Willy Schwartz ya buɗe).
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin (1904) - Tattaunawa daidai yake da Pellegrin.
- S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz (1960) - Tattaunawa da Lyon mai launin ja-mai-gani. Tana da tallafi biyu:
- Kawa
- Mai bakin ciki
Tattaunawa Haeckel
Masanin kimiyyar Austrian Johann Jacob Haeckel ne ya gano waɗannan kifayen na musamman, Symphysodon. Suna da launi na asali da daraja - cream tare da launuka masu haske na kwance da duhu na tsaye, waɗanda suka karɓi suna Kifi-Abarba ko Pompadour.
Kamar yadda aka san dabbobin gida tun tsakiyar ƙarni kafin ƙarshe, wato, suna ɗaya daga cikin tsohuwar kifin kifaye. Mafi sau da yawa, mutane da aka kama daga ruwan Amazon suna cikin rafin wucin gadi.
Tattaunawa Mai Zuwa
Wannan wani reshe ne na halitta na Symphysodon aequifasciata haraldi a ɗaya daga cikin bambancin launi. Yana da tood mai launin shuɗi mai laushi, layin da kusan ba a iya gani dashi. A ruwa, farfajiyar jiki na iya samun tintin launin fure mai ƙaramin ƙarfe.
Hakanan ana sanannin tsarin kiwo na wani launi mai kama, misali, Blue Diamond. Ana kiyaye launin launi mai launin shuɗi, a koyaushe ana kiransa da Blue Prince tare da taimakon ciyarwar musamman.
Ruwa na zazzabi + 26 ... + 30 ° С, tare da acidity daga 5.9 zuwa 7.6 pH, taurin 2-5 dH yana da dadi ga wannan cichlid na Kudancin Amurka.
Tattaunawa Kore
Suna daya daga cikin sabbin tattaunawar tattaunawa tsakanin daidaituwa tsakanin mace da mace Pellegrin wanda aka gano a cikin shekarar 1904. Sau da yawa ana kiran wannan nau'in akwatin kifin wanda ake kira Discus Ocean Green. Babban asalin jikinsa mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsi a tsaye guda tara. Hanyoyin kwance a jiki sune turquoise da tsakuwa a ciki.
Manyan idanu suna da launin toka-toka da matsakaicin girman jiki na kusan 15 cm.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji
Ya kamata a sani yanzunnan cewa soya kusan ba shi yiwuwa a raba bisa jinsi. Ana iya yin wannan ne kawai daga lokacin da tattaunawar zata fara haɗuwa, amma masu ilimin masu neman ruwa kawai ne zasu iya yin hakan. Ga masu farawa, jerin abubuwan da suka fi inganci kuma alamomin da ke bayyane na rarrabe namiji daga mace:
- Namiji yana da lebe masu kauri da goshi.
- Tattaunawa halittu ne masu kunya, amma duk da haka, namiji yana kiyaye mace koyaushe, saboda haka galibi tana tsakanin ta da mai lura.
- Matar tana da ƙaramar ƙaddararar dorsal.
- Babban bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji yayin tsintsiyar ciki shine zagayen ciki na farko. Yarinyar mace yana tsakanin fin fin da dubura.
- Namiji yana da girma girma da launi mai haske na Sikeli.
Idan mukayi la'akari da duk ka'idodin da muka ambata don yanke hukunci game da jima'i na tattaunawar, zamu iya yanke shawara: ƙayyade jima'i na kifin zai yiwu, amma ba koyaushe tare da yiwuwar 100% ba. Haka kuma, har ma kwararru suna da wahala 100% su tantance jinsin tattaunawar. Don hana rikicewa, ƙwararrun masanan tattaunawar direbobi suna ba da shawarar sayan adadin mata da maza. A tsawon lokaci, za su kasu biyu, kuma hanyoyin tantance jinsi za a sauƙaƙe sau da yawa.
Tattaunawa Brown
Wata hanyar samun daidaito ta tattauna kai tsaye ta hanyar masaniyar kimiyar kimiyar kimiyar kasa ta Hero Bleher. Suna son ruwa tare da zazzabi na + 26 ... + 28 ° C, tare da acidity na 6.0 zuwa 7.2 pH, taurin 2-8 dH.
Jikin launi na launin shuɗi tare da ratsi na duhu 9 a tsaye. Idan ba a iya ganin su, to tabbas kifin yana da rashin lafiya ko an jaddada shi.
A kai da rubewar launin Tattaunawar launin ruwan kasa akwai alamun alamun walƙiya mai haske mai haske. Idanun kifi suna ja tare da babban ɗalibin baƙi. Hanyar duhu mai wucewa yana gudana kai tsaye ta ko'ina kai da ido.
Jinsi iri
Amma a halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan dabbobi da ire-irensu da ke saurin kiwo. Ga kadan daga cikinsu, mafi burgewa, kyawawan kifayen ruwayoyi.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa nau'ikan kiwo sun fi buƙatu akan sigogin ruwa kuma sun fi saurin kamuwa da cututtukan.
Tattaunawar Cobalt
A waje da ruwa, launin jikin kifayen gaske ne cobalt, ƙarancin ƙarancin wuta, amma a cikin kandami da alama yana da launin kore mai launin shuɗi, saboda haka ana rikitar da shi tsakanin Tattaunawar Turquoise. Neon bugun jini ya watsuwa ko'ina cikin jiki da rudewa kuma a cikin haskoki na haske kifi yana haskakawa, kamar an yayyafa shi da foda na lu'u-lu'u.
An samo wannan nau'in ta hanyar hybridization na Heckel da Blue Discus.
Daya daga cikin shahararrun dutsen dutsen shi ne Royal Blue Discus, Royal Blue. Har ila yau, Cobalt M, ƙarfe na ƙarfe, turquoise Turquoise Cobalt, Blue Cobalt Blue sune kuma sanannu sanannu a cikin hanyoyin kwararru.
Tattaunawa da Ja
A cikin wannan nau'in kiwo mai launi iri-iri, akwai nau'ikan kiwo da yawa tare da launi na jiki daga launin toka-ruwan hoda zuwa birki mai ɗimbin yawa:
- Red Schillingmann mai launin ja ne. Ana samun irin wannan launi mai haske ta hanyar amfani da homones da ƙari na musamman masu canza launi don ciyarwa. Idan kun daina amfani da su, to a cikin ƙarni na biyu kifayen sun ɓace kuma sun sami launi ruwan kasa na ɗimammen sikeli.
- Red Turkis a cikin kwantar da hankali m tint. Idan aka yi farinciki, jikin ya zama abin birgewa, kuma lokacin da tsoro, ya zama ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, launin ragi shima ya zama kyan gani.
- San Matatun bred a Singapore. Babban asalin jikinsa mai launin ja ne ba tare da ratsi ba, alamu masu haske mai launin shudi kawai a saman kifin. Scarlet idanu tare da baƙar fata dalibi.
- Alamar sabawa ga masu shayarwa ta ƙasar Burtaniya kuma ana jin daɗin su, yana da wuya a nemo su a kuma cece su. Yarinyar sun fi zama ruwan kasa a launi, yayin da kifayen manya suka sami wadatar launi mai ja, kuma wannan shine kawai asalin da mata suke da haske fiye da maza.
- Bambancin Alenkers shine irin Red Eddy, Red Eddy. Babban asalin jikin wannan kifin shine flashy-orange, mai ruwan shuɗi da shuɗi shuɗi kuma sun watsu a kai.
- Red Ruby - Ruby, wanda aka samo ta hadaddun giciye iri-iri masu jan launi. Matasa kifi suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, a cikin manya wannan launi ya zauna a kai, kuma jiki ya zama daɓar jan zarya ba tare da ratsi ko aibobi ba. Ana samun layin haske kawai a kan ƙashin bayan kirji da baya.
- Red Melons wani nau'i ne mai haske. Shugaban na iya zama fari ko launin rawaya mai haske, kuma jiki daga ruwan lemo zuwa ja mai zurfi. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in shine ikon hayewa tare da wasu nau'ikan 'yan uwanta.Zuriyar launuka masu ban sha'awa sosai.
Tattaunawa "Jinin akuya"
Hakanan yana iya zama mafi kusantar alama, amma ya shahara sosai ana iya rarrabe shi daban. Wannan zancen mai haske ya samo sunan ne saboda kamannin launi tare da almara na jan ciki “Jigilar Pigeon”. Haka kuma, idanun kifaye suna kama da wannan dutsen - suna cike da launi mai launi shuɗi.
Launin jikin mutum na iya zama daban - daga rawaya zuwa ja, shuɗi da shuɗi a cikin launi gaba ɗaya ba su nan, duk da cewa an samu irin wannan daga wurin Thaian wasan Thai ta hanyar tsallake Turquoise Diskus da Red Turkines. Babban asalinsa fari kuma ratsi launuka ne. Dukkanin melanin yana tafe ne da launin baƙar fata da ƙaramar turɓaya a baya da ciki.
Jiki na Pigeon na jini yana da bambancin launuka daban-daban - suna da ja, super-ja, lu'u-lu'u (Lu'u lu'u), zinari (Zinare), lemo (Orange).
Tattaunawar Turquoise
Daya daga cikin shahararrun launi ismorph a Rasha. Waɗannan sune tattaunawa ta farko da aka kawo wa ƙasarmu a cikin 80s na karni na ƙarshe. Za'a iya rarrabe kifin mai tsabta ta launi iri ɗaya na jikin duka tare da kan shi cikin launi turquoise, ratsi na wannan launi.
Mafi shahararren nau'in turquoise shine Snake Skin Turquoise Diskus.
Tattauna Leopards
Sakamakon kiwo ne tsakanin Red Turkines da Green Discus. Babban tushen jikin shi ne dusar ƙanƙara fari, da yawa jan wurare da aka warwatse a kai, jikin kifin ya yi toka, ƙirar tana kama da ruwan damisa.
Tattaunawar dusar ƙanƙara
Har ila yau an samo White Discus a Malaysia a ƙarshen karni na karshe ta hanyar gyara maye gurbi na launin ruwan kasa. Kifayen suna da inuwa duk dusar ƙanƙara - har ma idanun, a jikin babu wasu rashi da alamomi, thealiban ne kawai baƙi. Wannan watakila shine mafi rikitarwa da motsi a cikin bayanan mutane. Amma ana amfani dasu sosai don haifar da sababbin dabbobi da iri.
Siffofin kulawa da akwatin kifaye
Tunda Discus an haife shi a cikin yanayi kuma yana rayuwa a kusan bakararre da ruwa mai taushi, a cikin Amazon da ƙaramin adadin waɗansu koguna na Kudancin Amurka, yana da matukar damuwa ga sigogin muhalli. Tsayar da wannan kifin ba shi da daraja a cikin novice lokacin da gwaninta ya bayyana - yana yiwuwa a magance kayan aikin akwatin kifaye don wannan abin mamaki, amma kifin mai ban sha'awa.
Mafi mahimmancin buƙata don tanki tare da Diskus shine ƙarancin ma'aunin ruwa, babban iya aiki da kuma ƙudurin sa:
- volumearar akwatin kifaye - daga 250 l don kifi 2-3,
- zazzabi + 27 ... + 32 ° С,
- acidity daga 4.8 zuwa 7,2 pH,
- nessarfin 1-8 dH, ruwan ya zama mai taushi,
- substrate - kyakkyawan yashi, kwakwalwan marmara ko cikakken rashin ƙasa,
- nau'in hasken - mai mutun ko matsakaici,
- kasancewar gishiri a ruwa ba ya karba
- jet na tace yana da rauni sosai.
Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa Tattaunawa suna makaranta kifi kuma ba sa son owu. Don haka don garken kifi 5-6-7 za ku buƙaci akwatin kifaye na lita 500, kuma riƙe irin wannan girma ba mai sauƙi ba ne. Bugu da kari, ya kwarara tare da kullun sigogi ya kamata ya zama mai girma sosai.
Wararrun masu binciken ruwa suna shigar da tanki L na 1,000 don Diskus kuma a haɗa shi zuwa magudanar ruwa ta atomatik, cika da tsarin zafi. Kifi yana sama da yawa, wannan ya kamata kuma a la'akari lokacin zabar akwatin kifaye. A garken zai yi kyau kawai a cikin babban shafi na ruwa, ƙananan ganuwar ba za su yi aiki ba.
Ruwa yana da ɗumi sosai, saboda haka ragowar abinci da nishaɗin (duk da gaskiyar cewa Tattaunawar tana da tsabta kuma akwai ƙarancin sharar gida daga gare su) da sauri bazu, samar da nitrates. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don siphon ƙasa yau da kullun. Masu sana'a sun gwammace kada su yi amfani da shi a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren binciken a kowane lokaci.
Tace ya kamata ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai, nesa. Tsarin ingantawa na bukatar inganci. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar murfi tare da fitilun mai kyalli. Yakamata ya kasance da yawa tare da yiwuwar sashi da duka rufewa.
Don shimfidar wuri da zane, zane-zanen bango na Aqua don bango da ƙasa ana amfani da su sau da yawa.Tsarin launi nasu ya dogara da nau'ikan Tattaunawa a cikin tafkin na wucin gadi. Misali, Jikunan da Fararen kaya sunyi kama da duhu.
Ana iya shigar da Snags da grottoes, amma ya kamata su zama masu girma zuwa manyan Diskus. Wanda ba a fassara shi, ba algae mai tsayayye ba za'a iya gyarawa a cikin tanki, amma Discus ba ya buƙatar su. Yawancin ci gaban sun fi son sanya wannan kifin a cikin wani tafki na wucin gadi. Yana da sauƙi a kiyaye sigogin ruwan tsafta kuma ba a canzawa, kuma dabbobi da kansu a wannan yanayin su ne kawai mafi kyawun kayan ado.
Don haka, kiyaye Tattaunawa ba kawai matsala ce ba, har ma da yardar mai tsada sosai. Babban tanki mai kyau ne, a ƙari, ya kamata ka ɗora shi kan ta musamman, tsayuwa mai tsada. Cikakke-ruwa, dumama, wutar lantarki, aeration, tsarin tacewa shima sayayya ce mai tsada sosai. Dangane da ƙididdigar marasa ƙarfi, kayan aiki na lita 1000 na akwatin kifaye za su fara daga 300 zuwa 700 dubu rubles, gwargwadon ingancin kayan aikin da aka zaɓa. Amma kiyaye irin wannan kifin yana da daraja sosai. Dayawa sun yi imani da cewa Tattaunawa a cikin gida ko ofishi alamomi ne da ke kula da dukiya da kyautata rayuwa.
Dole ne mu manta kawai cewa Tattaunawa yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙa don damuwa yayin amo, motsi, keta sigogin ruwa. Sabili da haka, ya kamata ka zaɓi wuri don akwatin kifaye don kifayen sun sami kwanciyar hankali a can.
Yarbuwa
Tattaunawa - mafi aminci cichlids. Bawai kawai maganganu bane, harma da ma'ana.
Babu tabbas cikin nutsuwa tare da kowane kifi mai kaunar zaman lafiya. Amma, saboda kyakkyawar kyautatawar Tattaunawa, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin ire-irensu, waɗanda suke da kyau da haɗe-haɗe bisa ga bukatunsu don sigogi, kuma samar da kyakkyawan garken launuka masu launuka masu yawa ba tare da daidaita sauran maƙwabta ba.
Tattauna diski suna da kyau a kan kansu kuma basa buƙatar bambanci. Additionari ga haka, suna da yawan kunya da juriya, masu haɗari ga cututtuka da yawa. Wadancan cututtukan da wasu kifayen ke iya jurewa da sauƙi sun zama mummunan cuta ga Tattaunawa. Sabili da haka, a wannan yanayin, kada kuyi tunani game da daidaituwa, kuma kada ku ƙulla kowa a cikin tanki.
Ciyar da abinci
Tattaunawa babban kifi ne mai tsinkaye kuma tushen abincinsu ya zama abincin furotin. A cikin yanayin, suna cin kwari na ruwa, larvae, amma a cikin tafki na gida, yawanci suna ɗaukar hoto. Misali, ki yarda zubar jini, tubule, artemia nauplii.
Encedwararrun masaniyar cikin ruwa masu ruwa suna shirya wa Tattaunawa da abinci na musamman a cikin abincin nama, wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata na micro da macro, bitamin, sunadarai, fats da carbohydrates. Wannan mafi yawanci cakuda ne da naman naman ƙasa, farar mace, kifi mai daskararre, daskararren jini, kayan lambu, dabbobin ruwa da wasu abubuwa na musamman. Kowane mai sana'a yana da girke-girke na kansa don cakuda, wani lokacin ya ƙunshi da dama daga kayan abinci.
Suna ciyar da dabbobin gida sau 2-3 a rana, suna cire abin da suka wuce bayan mintina 5-7. Wasu mutane suna yin matsanancin wahala da tsoro, su, a matsayin mai mulkin, basu da abinci mai gina jiki. Irin wannan tattaunawar yakamata a gwada ciyar da daban.
Tattaunawa akan tattauna yawanci ana zubar da shi daga abinci na musamman, saboda haka ana haɗa su da naman da aka dafa, a baya yana da faɗi sosai. Tsirrai masu ruwa na ruwa suna iya cin kifi, alal misali, kabomba, lymphonel, hygrophil sun dace.
Siffofin Kiwo
Bayan ma'aikacin gaggawa ya koya don kula da Tattaunawa, nan ba da jimawa ba zai so fara kiwon kiban waɗannan kifayen ban mamaki.
Wannan har yanzu ana ɗaukar babban nasara a cikin akwatin kifaye na mai son. Kuma matsala ta farko a nan ita ce zaɓi na masu dacewa da kawai kyawawan ma'aurata. A cikin karamin akwatin kifaye, budurcin ya kai watanni 18, mafi girman tafki, daga baya kuma balaga ta Diskus. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar mafi kyawun haske, mafi kyau da lafiya ga dattako.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin tururi daban-daban a cikin garken mutane 5-8. Kifi biyu suna fara iyo sau da yawa tare, sau da yawa dangane da ƙyallen.
Idan dole ku zabi mutane ta hanyar jima'i daga ƙananan yara, zaku iya bin halayensu. Yaro saurayi yakan fara bibiyar mata ta hanyar akwatin ruwa.
Yana da wuya a rarrabe namiji daga mace, amma maza yawanci ƙarami ne sosai, mai haske, tare da goge goshi da ƙashin farji. Babban matsaloli a wannan yanayin, idan aka samar da jijiyoyin mace da namiji, sune kamar haka:
- mutane ba su fara shirya canji don ba da fata ba,
- ɗayan mutane suna da m ko m,
- ma'aurata sun daina kula da masarar,
- Iyaye sukan ci masonry.
Kuna iya zuga ma'auratan ta hanyar zabar sigogin ruwan (shine, tayar da zazzabi zuwa + 30 ... + 32 ° reduce kuma rage taurin), kuma don adana masarar, zaku nisantar da iyayenku ko kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin tsallake wata mazan a cikin ɓarna.
Don shakatawa, zaka iya amfani da karamin tanki na lita 100-150, ba ya buƙatar ƙasa da tsire-tsire na ruwa. Kuma azaman madadin shi wajibi ne don shigar da tasoshin yumbu na musamman, bututun yumbu ko amfani da sabon tukwane na fure. Ma'aurata suna iya zaɓar wani wuri, alal misali, bututun dumama ko bangon tace kuma za su ci gaba da nuna ɗanɗano mai kyau a zaɓinsu. Ruwa a cikin spawning ya kamata a sabunta su kamar yadda a cikin babban akwatin kifaye kullun. Walƙiya akai-akai kuma yana da talauci. Kuma mafi mahimmanci - cikakken shiru.
Lokacin kiwo Tattaunawa, dole ne ku tuna cewa halayyar kowane ma'aurata ɗaya ne kuma babu tsari ɗaya kawai.
Yawancin lokaci lokacin tsararraki baya fitar da dogon lokaci, kuma nisantar kanta yafi faruwa da maraice ko da dare. A baya can, iyaye suna share substrate, shirya shi don masonry.
Sannan mace ta sanya qwai, cikin mintuna 30 tana iya share sama da qwai 300. Namiji yakan ɗaukesu su nan da nan kuma ya fara lura da masarar, yana sa kullun da ƙyallen. Da wuya uwa ta maye gurbin uba; duka biyun ba su da kulawa.
A zafin jiki na + 30 ... + 32 ° C, soya fara ƙyanƙyashe bayan kwana huɗu. Bayan kwanaki biyu na farko, qwai sun yi duhu, kuma bayan wasu larduna biyu sun fara kyankyasar kwan. Iyaye a hankali suna lura da masarar, suna dawo da waɗanda suka fāɗi a madadin. Lokacin da dukkan thean sandar suka fara yin tsere, ma'auratan sukan canza su zuwa wani wuri. Wannan hanya yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa.
Matsayi na gaba mai mahimmanci shine haɗin abin soya zuwa jikin iyayen. Ba shi yiwuwa a gare su su taimaka yanzu. Yakamata ka bar spaining kawai tare da haske sosai mara haske kuma ba maye gurbin ruwan.
Nessanƙantar da buƙata na iyaye don ciyar da childrena theiransu da ɓoyayyun fata yana bayyana ne a gaskiyar cewa jikinsu ya yi duhu, kuma shugaban, akasin haka, yana zama mai haske ba ta hanyar halitta ba.
Idan soya ta yi hanzari game da lalata kuma kada ta haɗa jikin iyayensu, to lallai duka mutuwa ce.
Yayin da suke ciyar da jarirai, iyayen basu iya cin abinci kaɗan. Suna buƙatar ciyar da su a cikin kananan rabo na tubule mai tsabta (amma ba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta ba). Kada a ba wani abincin da yake raye, ya kamata a ba da shi; abin damuwa ne a wannan lokacin Tattaunawa. Za su kashe masu jini a jiki kawai, amma ba za su ci ba, ruwa zai ƙazantu.
Lafiya kuma tare da kyawawan halaye na iyaye Tattaunawa zai iya ciyar da jarirai har zuwa makonni biyu. Amma, idan ma'auratan sun kasance marasa ƙarfi, mara tausayi, to, za a shirya sutturar rigakafi daga nauplii cyclops, ciliates da rotifers a rana ta biyar ko ta shida. Bayan wani kwana biyu, zaku iya ƙara artemia.
Ana ciyar da dabbobi da ƙwaya kaɗan, har zuwa sau biyar zuwa shida a rana a cikin ƙaramin rabo.
Yawancin lokaci, a cikin makonni biyu zuwa uku na farko, ƙaramin Tattaunawa ya girma zuwa 2 cm kuma sami sifar jikin mai sihiri. Sun riga sun sami 'yanci gabaɗaya, amma a lokaci guda ƙarancin amo yana haifar da tsoro a cikin su, kuma suna ɓoye a bayan iyayensu.
Bayan wata daya da rabi, mace da namiji sun daina haɓaka na fata, kuma yaran sun kai girman 3 cm. Yanzu za a iya dawo da iyayen ga babban akwatin ruwa a jakar.
Da zaran jariran sun fara karɓar abinci na abinci, ya zama dole a sake sabunta yanayin yanayin ruwa. Baya ga tsaftacewa da tabbatar da kwarara, wannan yana ba ku damar inganta lafiya da kuma ci abinci na yara, haɓaka haɓaka.A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, yara sun girma zuwa 10-13 cm, kuma a ƙarshen shekarar farko ko ta biyu suma sun zama balaga.
Idan saboda wasu dalilai ma'auratan ba su ciyar da zuriya ba, zaku iya ƙoƙarin ku warware wannan matsalar ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Yi ƙoƙarin dasa wani nau'i na kifi don soya - watakila hankalinsu na iyaye zasu tashi.
- Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar abincin wucin gadi don ciyarwa.
Amma hasara ba makawa. Bugu da kari, iyaye na gari ba zasu kara daga irin wadannan yaran ba, kawai zasu sami damar kirkirar sirrin fata.
Cutar Hexamitosis
Tushen cutar a cikin cutar sune hanji na hanji Hexamita da Spironucleus.
An bayyana ilimin kansa ta hanyar rashin abinci, cikakken kin yarda da abinci, duhu na jiki, rufin asiri, korar farin ciki.
Don magani, ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin tanki zuwa + 33 ... + 35 ° C, ƙari na Metronidazole (250 MG na abu a cikin 35 L bisa ga makirci na makonni biyu) da Ciprofloxacin (ta hanyar jiyya guda biyu, daya a mako guda akan kudi 500 MG) ana ƙara su cikin ruwa abubuwa a cikin 50 l).
Don hana kamuwa da cuta tare da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na flagellum, Diskus ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga yanayin damuwa kuma sau ɗaya a wata ciyar da abinci na magani tare da ƙari na Metronidazole (500 MG na abu a kowace kilogiram na 0.5 na nama minced).
Rashin nasarar tsutsotsi
Tattaunawa suna zama mai yawan wuce gona da iri da kuma nutsuwa, yana numfashi sosai. Kwayoyin sun sami bayyanar halitta - sunada karfi ko kuma sun jingina da kai.
Idan tsawa ta buga fatar kifin, to dabbobi ma suna cikin damuwa da yin iyo, ba su da matsala kuma suna birgima. A jikin, wuraren matsi da raunuka suka bayyana. Rashin ci da abinci mai gina jiki yana haɗuwa.
Don taimakawa kifi, ana yin wanka da formalin ko wani wakili na warkewa na musamman a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin mako. Katantan Ampularia, wadanda sune masu cinye wadannan tsutsotsi da qwai, suma zasu iya taimakawa.
Ciwan ciki da hanji
Waɗannan maganganu iri iri ne, amma alamominsu na waje - ƙawancen ƙaƙƙarfan ciki na ciki da kuma sharar gida - suna haɗuwa sosai har suna da wuya a rarrabe. Amma tare da amai, Diskus yakan ƙi abinci, kuma idan ya toshe hanya, hanjin zai ci abinci sau da yawa har sai hanjinsa ya fashe.
Dalilin cututtukan duka biyun sabanin sigogi ne na abinci da abinci mai inganci.
Fiye da wannan cutar ba ta da wahala ta sami ceto, amma yana yiwuwa a hana mutuwar wasu mazaunan ta hanyar maido da ingantattun yanayi da shirya abinci mai inganci.
Yadda zaka sayi Tattaunawa
Sayar da Doya Tattaunawa ana daukar kasuwancin riba sosai a cikin akwatin kifaye. Amma samun zuriya yana da wahala. A karo na farko a zaman bauta, Jamusawa sun sami nasarar yin wannan a karni na 40 na karni na karshe; a cikin Russia, waɗannan kifayen an buge su a cikin rafukan ma'adanai na shekara kawai a shekarun 70s.
Yawancin kifin da aka sayar a cikin ruwan kifaye sun fito ne daga gonakin kifi na hukuma a Brazil, Malaysia, da Thailand. Yawancin lokuta waɗannan savage ne na yau da kullun, amma su ma suna da mahimmanci, saboda sun sami damar ba da zuriya lafiya, mai tsayayye wanda ya dace da ƙarin ƙetarewar jiki. Amma wasu lokuta ana shigo da nau'ikan kiwo.
Mafi na yau da kullun sune lu'u-lu'u masu haske, lu'ulu'u Mai haske, Farin fata mai dusar ƙanƙara, Fata mai Snake.
Lokacin samun Diskus, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da su sosai kuma a kula da halayensu - yadda suke aiki, sau da yawa suna canza launi, abin da suke amsawa, yadda suke cin abinci (kifin mai lafiya yana ci a hankali).
Tattaunawa tare da ƙananan lalacewa - ƙonewa, gills, Sikeli, idanu, bakin ba za a iya siyan su ba.
Zai fi kyau a zaɓi ƙananan yara na samartaka. Don ƙarancin Tattaunawa, launi yana da kyan gani, kuma tsawon watanni 5-6 yana da yuwuwar samun ra'ayi game da canza launi na nan gaba.
Rarrabewar ido zuwa girman jiki yana da mahimmanci. Tare da rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da yanayi mara kyau, babban kifi ya kasance ƙarami kuma ba zai yi girma ba, ba shi da ikon yin ayyukan iyayen.Masu siye marasa sihiri suna ba da irin wannan Tattaunawa tun suna ƙuruciya.
Ya kamata mutum ya bincika yadda aka kiyaye Tattaunawar, abin da suka ci. Don gujewa damuwa mai yawa, suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi da aka sani a cikin sabon wuri.
Zai dace da kula da ingantaccen sufuri na Diskus, zazzabi a cikin akwati mai ɗaukar hoto bazai zama ƙasa da + 26 ... + 28 ° С.
Tattauna a cikin akwatin kifaye
Don kulawa da kiyayewa na tattaunawa, da farko, kuna buƙatar babban filin ruwa, babban. Tare da adadi mai yawa na kifaye don kwanciyar hankali, za su buƙaci akwatin kima aƙalla 40 santimita na tsayi da kuma nauyin lita 150-200 Ga balagagge ɗaya, lita 40 ya isa sosai, kuma ga matasa kwata-kwata, 20-30. Amma idan kuna da kifaye da yawa, zai fi sauƙi a kula da su a babban akwatin kifaye.
Ruwa na ruwa
Tattaunawa yana da matukar damuwa ga sigogin ruwan, zai buƙaci sauyawa koyaushe, don ci gaba da tattaunawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, koda kuwa kuna da matattara, wannan ya zama dole. Ana buƙatar canza ruwa kusan sau 2-3 a mako don 20-30% na yawan dukkanin ruwa. Idan kuna da matasa, suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa kuma suna buƙatar canza ruwa kowace rana a 20% na girma. An ba da shawarar kiyaye kowa ban da tattaunawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, saboda wannan na iya lalata ruwan. Idan akwatin kifaye ba sababbi ba ne kuma wani ya rayu da shi, zai buƙaci a wanke shi da ruwan sha, kuma zai fi kyau a lalata shi duka. Tattaunawa suna buƙatar "bakararre" mai tsabta don rayuwa. Tare da sauran kifin akwatin kifaye, wannan zai zama matsala, haɗarin cutar yana da girma sosai, don haka ana kiyaye tattaunawar daban.
Kada ku sake yin tsokaci game da tattaunawar, kuma akwatin kifayen yakamata ya kasance a wani yanki mai kwanciyar hankali na gidan. Kula cewa manyan motoci daga motoci, motsi mai amo da amo ba su tsangwama musu ba.
Zazzabi na ruwa
Zazzabi da abun cikin tattaunawar yakamata ya kasance daga 28 ° C zuwa 31 ° C. Tattauna kifi suna da matukar zafi, idan ruwan yana ƙasa da wannan siga, damar cutar su tayi yawa. Ana rarrabe kifin mara lafiya ta halayensu na rashin ji da gani. A lokacin jiyya, ruwa zai iya kaiwa 35 ° C, kifin mai lafiya zai sake kasancewa mai mahimmanci da tsabta a idanu. Don soya, yana da kyawawa don ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ruwa zuwa 30-32 ° C.
Wata matsalar game da tsire-tsire masu rarrabewa itace plantsan tsire-tsire na ornamental kaɗan zasu iya tsayayya da irin wannan ruwan dumi. Wasu daga waɗanda suke son ganin kyakkyawan akwatin kifaye da kifi mai haske a ciki sun daidaita kuma suna kula da ruwa koyaushe a 28 ° C. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin kifi, suna iya yin rashin lafiya a sauƙaƙe, don haka kula da tattaunawar wajibi ne koyaushe. Hakanan wajibi ne don tsabtace ƙasa da tsire-tsire, sakaci da wannan na iya haifar da rashin lafiya. Tabbas, ana iya shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tukunya daban, kuma hagu na ƙasa ba tare da ƙasa ba kuma wannan zai sauƙaƙe aikin.
Tattauna abinci
Abincin don kifin kifayen kifayen ya ƙunshi mafi yawan jini, magunan ƙasa (da farko kuna buƙatar kurkura sosai), daphnia. Ana amfani da dusar jinin kawai ice cream kuma dole ne a wanke shi sosai, saboda kowane ƙaramin abu na iya haifar da kamuwa da cutar kifi kuma abinci baya banda.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da abincin wucin gadi daga zuciyar naman sa. Suna da kyau don ciyarwa, kamar yadda zuciya take yin ruwa sosai kuma tabbas ba ya kawo cututtuka. An buƙata don shawo kansa kafin yin hidima.
Wasu tattaunawa game da direbobi suna ba da shawarar gaba ɗaya barin abinci mai rai, wannan ba zai haifar da kowace cuta ba, kuma haka ma, tare da abincin mutum, haɗarin cutar zai ragu sosai.
Yakamata a ciyar da tattaunawa gwargwadon abin da suke ci a lokaci. Ana ciyar da kifi na manya sau uku a rana, kimanin matasa shida, toya a kowane awa 2. Kifi har zuwa wata daya da rabi ana buƙata don ciyar da agogo, bar haske mai duhu da dare saboda su iya ganin abincin a cikin duhu.
Kifi da murna suna cin kowane abinci idan sun ƙi, wataƙila suna rashin lafiya. An bushe abinci mai bushe a cikin tattaunawa.
Ga wadanda ba sa son karatu da yawa
A takaice, abun da ke cikin babban rubutu a ƙasa, zai zama wani abu kamar haka: tattaunawar hakika ɗayan manyan kifi ne da ba a fassara su ba, kawai kuna buƙatar yawancin ruwa mai tsafta akai-akai, zazzabi mai zafi da kuma akwatinan ruwa mai kyau. Yanzu zaka iya karanta ƙarin daki-daki.
Ka'idar
Gabaɗaya, a halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan tattaunawa guda 3, waɗanda suka haɗa juna sosai. Cibiyar sadarwar tana da adadi mai yawa na albums wanda zaka iya tantance ainihin abin da ake kira bambancin launi daban. Don la'akari da wannan dalla-dalla ba ma'anar hankali, tun da sau da yawa, sunayen nau'ikan launuka don launi iri ɗaya na iya bambanta sosai. Misali, sunan kore yayi magana ba ya nufin cewa launi kifin zai zama kore. Haka kuma, har ma kwararru kan tattauna batun shayarwa a cikin zuriyar suna da bambance-bambancen launi. Ba tare da wata damuwa ba a ce wannan aure ne, hannu ba ya tashi, tunda galibi irin wannan isar da saƙo yana ba da sabon layin launi. Don haka, bari mu bar wannan tambayar ga waɗanda suke son su yi cikakken bayani.
Saya da sufuri na tattaunawa
Zai fi dacewa, ya kamata ka sayi tattaunawar kai tsaye daga mai kiwon kifi. Ya kamata ku kula da yadda mai shi ya kiyaye su. Idan zazzabi a cikin akwatin kifaye masu girma ya wuce digiri 30, a bayyane yake akwai kifayen-kifi daban-daban sun kasance a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, akwai, har ma a cikin sauran ruwayen ruwa, samfuran marasa lafiya, ya kamata ku guji siyan kifin daga irin wannan mai ƙaunar idan ya yiwu. Ya kamata ka mai da hankali game da kifin maigidan wanda yake ƙoƙarin gabatar da tattaunawa a zaman mai ɗaukar nauyi da kamannin fata. Irin wannan mai son shine ko dai kawai ƙwarewa ne, ko kuma a zahiri yana da kifaye masu ƙoshin da aka kawo daga wuraren raye-rayen halitta kuma ba a daidaita shi cikakke ba, ko yana sa farashin samfurin sa.
Sakamakon cinikin kifin da aka sayan yakamata ya ragu zuwa dubura, ba a tsayayye kuma kamar an yanke. Waɗannan alamu suna nuna cewa kifayen suna ciyar da kifin kuma a nan gaba iyayen ba zasu iya ciyar da zuriyarsu ba. Bai kamata a ɗauki irin waɗannan kifaye don ƙara haihuwa ba.
Yana da kyau a kula da yanayin jikin - yakamata ya kasance kusa da da'irar da ta rigaya a girman 50mm. Idan jikin yana da elongated, to yana da kyau, yana da kyau idan kifin ya bunkasa ƙashin kansa, kodayake wannan riga ne mai son. Yawancin lokaci, samfuran launuka masu kyau a nan gaba sun riga sun kasance a cikin ƙuruciyarsu suna da farin haske mai launin shuɗi. Sauran abubuwa sun kasance daidai, yana da kyau a zaɓi kifi da irin waɗannan idanu.
An yi imani cewa nau'in launi na tattaunawa tare da bambancin ja ko rawaya suna da rauni sosai fiye da takwarorinsu. A bayyane yake, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan kifin yakan fito ne daga ƙasashen waje kuma a zahiri ya fi tausayi fiye da na gida. Jawabin jaha na gida game da juriya ba su da bambanci daga shigo da kaya. Daidaitaccen kifin da aka shigo da shi ma ba matsala. Hanyar daidaitawa shigo da kanta, a bayyane, ya na da rikitarwa a zahiri kuma ba zan bayyana ta anan ba, tunda ban yi hakan da kaina ba, kuma maido da maganar wasu mutane baya da ma'ana. Kuma ba lallai bane ga yawancin masu karanta wadannan layukan.
Bai kamata ku yi ƙoƙari ku sayi mafi girma kifi a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ba, tunda galibi ana samun maza daga gare su fiye da na mata. Wato, ta hanyar zabi manyan wuraren tattaunawa, zaku iya zama mallakin kamfani kamfani na maza ne kawai.
Amma ga sufurin tattauna kifayen, tsohuwar kifayen, zai fi sauƙi a jimre matsaloli na ɗan lokaci. An maimaita tattaunawar tsofaffi lokacin da zafin rana ya kusan digiri 18-20. Bayan haka, akwai cututtuka masu saurin kisa, amma ba a taɓa samun sakamako mai kisa ba. A zahiri, sayi fayafan fayafa babban abin farin ciki ne, kuma ban da, tilas ne a kwashe su a lokaci daya a cikin kayan haɗi. Tattaunawa ƙarancin haskoki yana da babban haskoki wanda kifin kifi ya sauƙaƙa har ma da fakitin babban Layer na wuya biyu.Sabili da haka, lokacin jigilar samfuran manya, dole ne a goge ƙananan sashin kunshin da aka samu tare da kaset ba tare da gibba ba. Kunshin don jigilar kaya na yau da kullun na iya zama ya fi girma kaɗan da girman kifin, ana iya zuba ruwa gwargwadon girman tattaunawar, oxygen ya kamata ya zama sau 3-4. Sau da yawa sau da yawa, kifin manya suna da wahalar daidaitawa zuwa sabon wuri, abin ya faru kafin makonni 3-4 da ba su ɗauki abinci ba, wanda ba ya haifar, duk da haka, ga kowane mummunan sakamako.
Za a iya ɗaukar soya a cikin girman saukowa mai zurfi, a zahiri, fakitin 5 lita tare da oxygen 3/4 yana ba da damar 50-70 toya 30-40 mm a cikin girman ba tare da ɓata ba a lokacin. a zazzabi na 25-30 digiri. Temperaturearancin zafin jiki na iya haifar da, sake, zuwa raunana da cututtuka, wanda, koda an warke, kusan babu makawa yana haifar da jinkirin soya. Akwai wata matsala game da sufuri na ɗan ƙaramin tattaunawa - game da kwana ɗaya kafin sufuri, ba a ciyar da kifin, sufuri ya kan kwana ɗaya, kifin yana cikin wani yanayi na mamaki na kusan wani rana kuma a zahiri bai ɗauki abinci ba. Don soya, irin wannan lokacin yana da matukar muhimmanci! Kwana uku ba tare da abinci ba ne aikace-aikace mai mahimmanci don karɓar ƙarin lahani, kifayen da aka zana.
Sabili da haka, shawarata ita ce in sayi matasa. Farashin su yana kusa da farashin soya, amma sun fi ƙarfi, karbuwa ga sabon wuri yana da sauri. Kuna iya mayar da hankali kan girman girman 60-80mm ba tare da wutsiya ba. Farashin irin wannan kifin yana daga $ 10 zuwa $ 30, gwargwadon bambancin launi. Tare da wannan girman, kusan dukkanin nau'in tattaunawa disloration fara. Tabbas, a wannan zamani ba shi yiwuwa a tantance launi na ƙarshe, amma a fili ana iya jefa kifayen maras kyau. Idan babu matasa, zaku iya yin oda ga maigidan ya shuka ɗan adadin kifin da aka riga aka shirya.
Ka'idojin daidaita yanayin tattaunawar iri daya ne da na duka kifayen. Tattaunawa ba kifi bane mai girgiza kai, sabili da haka, ƙari da magungunan kashe ƙwayar cuta ba ya ba da sakamako mai tasiri. A daidai yanayin zafi, Sau da yawa nakan jefa kifi daga jakar jigilar kaya a cikin jirgin mai keɓe masu ciwo. Amma zai fi kyau a daina yin wannan, sai dai a kara ruwa a jaka a hankali har sai ya cika, bayan haka zaku iya tura kifin a cikin wurin tafkin na keɓewa. Idan kifin ba ƙaramin abu bane, zaku iya yin shi kai tsaye da hannuwanku. Wani lokaci tattaunawa, musamman manyan, nan da nan bayan dasa shi cikin tafkin da ke keɓewa ya fara iyo kamar suna da matsaloli tare da mafitsara iyo. Idan akwai amincewa cewa jakar kifaye ba za a iya toshe hanya ba, to ba za ku iya damuwa ba, matsalar ta ɓace da kanta a cikin rana.
Duct da rugar.
Abu mafi mahimmanci game da tattauna abun ciki shine ingancin ruwa. Kifayen suna da datti, kuma suna ɓoye gamsai. Kusan dukkan majiyoyi gaba daya sun ce kusan babu abin da zai bada damar gujewa canje-canje na ruwa. Wataƙila, zai yuwu a tara rukunin dawo da ruwa, wanda zai ba da damar amfani da hanyar rufewa. Amma a wannan yanayin, babu makawa, babban ball na matsaloli zai tashi, musamman tare da ƙari abubuwan abubuwa, idan akwai tsire-tsire, tun da tsarin farfadowa babu inda za su je ba tare da juyawa osmosis da tsire-tsire carbon ba. Don haka, ba za mu yi ƙoƙarin yin la’akari da irin waɗannan tsada da hadaddun masana'antu ba, musamman tunda akwai mafita kuma abu ne mai sauƙi! Sunansa duct. Abu mai duct yana da amfani sosai ga kusan dukkanin rayayyun halittu na cikin ruwa, shin kifi ne ko tsire-tsire. Dangane da batun tattaunawa, ana ɗaukar muhimmiyar rawa.
Yawancin marubutan sunyi jayayya cewa tattaunawa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasarsu, sau da yawa ba a wurare masu tsabta sosai ba, alal misali, inda filayen gida ke haɗuwa da ruwa. Akwai tattauna samun kansu abinci da tsari. A cikin tafkunan gida, ana daukar wannan kifi a matsayin ɗayan masu tausayi. Dalilin shine ingancin ruwan. Bisa manufa, ana iya karkatar da kifayen biyu tare da jikin ruwa, alal misali, a kowace tan, don haka tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin wurin ba tare da wani canji ba. Koyaya, yana da sauƙin yin wannan ta manyan canje-canje na ruwa.Masu shayarwa na kasar Singapore suna amfani da sauye sau 2 zuwa 90% a rana. A lokaci guda, kifin yana cikin ƙananan ƙananan ruwa kamar kabewa tare da fuskar 45 cm. A cikin wannan jirgin ruwa, inda babu wani abu ban da ruwa da kifi, har zuwa dozin dola sun girma zuwa girma. Koyaya, a cikin irin wannan kifin, kifin baya jin daɗi, yana a zahiri a zahiri. Tattauna kifayen yana da ma'amala da maye gurbi sosai, sabo ruwa ya kamata ya zama mara kyau sosai har ma lokacin da aka maye gurbin 90% kai tsaye daga famfo, kifin ya fara jin bacin rai fiye da canzawar. Amma ƙwararren masanin kifi ne kaɗai zai iya aiwatar da irin wannan canjin ruwa. Idan ka yi bututun ruwa, to manyan tarkacen ruwa na iya wucewa babu matsala. Ctaƙarin bututu ba zai wuce kima domin diski ba - yayin da suke zubewa, suna jin daɗin su. Babban abu shine kada kuyi nisa sosai a wannan batun. Manyan kundin ruwan sanyi da aka kawo kai tsaye zuwa akwatin kifaye na buƙatar ba masu wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da hauhawar kuzari mai ƙarfi ba, har ma suna haɗawa da matatun mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da aka maye gurbin fiye da kundin 2 a kowace rana a cikin sanyin sanyi, a cikin akwatin kifayen da aka dasa tare da tsire-tsire, kusan ba zai yiwu ba don ƙirƙirar zazzabi. A cikin girma aquariums, wannan matsalar ba ta da m, amma aikatawa ya nuna cewa fiye da digiri 3-4 na bututun ba za a yi a nan ba, tunda ƙara ƙaruwa a cikin adadin ruwan tsarkakakken ba zai iya kula da lafiyar kifin ba, koda kuwa yana da yawaitar dasa shuki. Ta wata ma'ana, ga nau'in aquariums na nau'ikan yana da ma'ana don yin madaidaiciya fiye da kundin 2 a kowace rana, don waɗanda suke girma - fiye da kundin 3-4. A lokaci guda, ruwan da ke cikin irin wannan akwatin kifaye mai girma ya kamata a haɗe sosai. Kodayake tattaunawar ba ta da damuwa ga samuwar vesicles a jikin kwayoyi, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar wasu nau'in kifayen, kar a ci mutuncin su. Tsabtataccen tsafta na lita 80 tare da nauyin 2-3 na bututu a kowace rana a cikin hunturu ba shi da adadin kumfa a kan kifaye da ganuwar kawai lokacin da aka kunna matattarar 2 FAT-4, an kunna tare da ƙara ɗibar iska. A lokaci guda, famfo suna samar da kusan 1200 l / h, wato, kimanin kundin 15 a kowace awa! Amma ko da irin wannan haɗuwa na ruwa, ana fitar da kuzarin gas akan ɓangaren tacewa, yana sa tsarin tace kanta da wahala.
Idan akwatin kifayen ya kamata ya zama kayan ado na ciki, kar a sa madaidaiciya ya wuce katun 0,5-1.5 a rana. A cikin irin wannan akwatin kifaye, ba zai yiwu ba a samar da haɗakar ruwa mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda yake a cikin tsabtataccen tsabta, kuma ba lallai ba ne, tunda a lokaci guda carbon dioxide, wanda yake wajibi ne ga tsirrai, ya bar ruwa. Bugu da kari, tare da adadi mai yawa na ruwa, gas din da ke narkar da shi yana rufe duk abin da ke cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kumfa, wanda ba shi da daɗin ji daɗi. Kari akan haka, kukan gas yawanci suna tattarawa a cikin ɗakunan samar da matatun mai na waje, wanda yake basu wahalar aiki. Wasu lokuta irin waɗannan matattarar iska na iya hana toshewar ruwa a cikin matatun waje, wanda ba famfon da zai iya jurewa ba, har ma daga shahararren Eheim. Idan akwai wahala cikin aiki tona matattara na waje saboda toshewar iska a cikin tiyowar, yakamata a tsotse shi tare da bututu na bakin ciki. Idan irin wannan toshe ya kafa a cikin matatar, kana buƙatar magudanar da shi ta hanyar nauyi, wanda zai kawo ƙarshen ƙarshen magudanar a ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin kuma kunna matatun mai. A wata kalma, don lokacin dumi, don akwatin kifin na ado, zaku iya saita bututun zuwa 1.5 a kowace rana, don sanyi, lokacin da adadin narkar da gas a cikin ruwan sanyi ya fi girma, yana da kyau a rage bututun zuwa 1 ko ma 0.5 a kowace rana. Idan baku da matattara na matattara na waje, ƙarar duhun ba zata iya raguwa ba.
Tare da kwarara na 1 girma a kowace rana a cikin akwatin kifaye densely dasa tare da manya biyu game da 30 lita, ingancin ruwan a cikin akwatin kifaye ba ya bambanta da abin da aka zuba daga famfo.
Idan ruwan famfo ya yi yawa a cikin sinadarin chlorine da / ko kwayoyin, kuna buƙatar yin tunani sosai game da batun fara tattaunawar ko a'a.Idan za a iya shawo kan babban adadin chlorine ta hanyar tsabtataccen ruwan sha kafin a zuba cikin akwatin kifaye na rabin sa'a ko awa daya, to babu hanyoyi masu arha don magance kwayoyin cuta.
Kuna iya ba da bututun ƙarfe ta kowace hanya. Da farko, wasu shawarwari na gaba daya.
Jirgin ruwan magudanar ruwa ya zama babba a diamita - aƙalla 10 mm na diamita na ciki.
Wurin magudanar ruwa ya fi dacewa translucent, saboda a iya ganin abin da ke gudana ciki da shi.
Dole ne a raba bututun mai zuwa sassa na mita 1-3 tare da kayan shigar filastik, saboda haka idan ya kasance rufe gidan ba lallai ba ne a cire matukan gaba daya.
Ruwan bulogin yana yawan yin laushi, musamman a cikin mitunan farko, saboda haka kuna buƙatar murɗa shi da zobe na 2-3 da kuma sanya shi a cikin kwano. Ba shi da ma'ana ya sa ya zama babba a diamita, tun da ma diamita na ciki na 3-4 mm yana samar da tan 3-7 na rana
Dole ruwa mai tsabta ya fito daga saman tafkin. Idan kuna ciyar da shi cikin kwalin matatar waje, kuma akwai - a ƙarƙashin ƙaryar ƙarya, ana fitar da kumfa mai gas a cikin ƙasa, ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa na iya yin sanyi fiye da saman ƙasa, wanda ba shi da daɗi ga tsire-tsire.
Ya fi dacewa a yi rami domin magudana ruwa kai tsaye zuwa bangon akwatin kifaye. Ba shi da haɗari a yi wannan a bangon gefe na akwatin kifin acrylic, kusa da kusurwar saman. A bayyane yake, zaku iya sa shi a cikin gilashin akwatin kifin. Bai kamata rami ya bushe, amma a sanded don hana microcracks. Na yi ramuka a cikin gilashin wannan hanyar sau ɗaya kawai, don haka ba zan iya tabbatar da amincin wannan hanyar ba. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba za ku iya yin rawar-rami ba, za ku sami tanƙwara tare da fita zuwa ƙaramin ƙaramin abin ɗorawa na waje, a bangon da za a sami rami tare da tiyo magudanar ruwa. Yana da amfani a saka wani kayan wanki a cikin akwati. Matsayin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin zai kasance kusan 2-5 mm sama da tsawo na magudanar magudanar a cikin tanki na waje. Ta wannan hanyar shirya fitarwar, dole ne lokaci-lokaci, gwargwadon yawan kumfa iska wanda aka kafa akan bangon akwatin ruwa, saka bututu mai sulɓi a cikin gwiwa zuwa ɓangaren kwance da kuma tsotse ƙurar iska da zata samar a can. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, magudanar za ta daina aiki. A aikace, tare da karkatar da nauyin 1 na rana a cikin bazara da 0.5 a cikin hunturu, ba shi da haɗari yin shi sau ɗaya a mako. Misali, a cikin sanyin hunturu, a ƙarar 3 a kowace rana, ingin sama yana rufe bututun magudana a cikin kwana ɗaya.
Game da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar rami kai tsaye a bangon akwatin akwatin, an sauƙaƙa komai sosai. A cikin fashewa, ya isa a sami ɗan ƙaramin sieve wanda yake rufe ramin magudanar a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ina son fadakarwa game da kawai rufe ramin da raga. Yana da ban mamaki yadda ake ɗaure shi da nau'ikan datti. Sabili da haka, a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da tsire-tsire, don cikakken aminci, amfani da ruwa a cikin nau'i na bututu na kwance tare da ramukan ko ramuka.
Lokaci-lokaci, alal misali sau ɗaya a kwata, ya kamata a tsabtace bututun ruwa ta hanyar ƙara matsin lamba. A wannan yanayin, turbid ruwa ya fara gudana daga bututu. Ana buƙatar tattara shi a cikin gilashi, saboda dregs ƙanana ne da wuya a tace. Yawancin lokaci isasshen lita 3-5 don cirewa. Tsaftace magudanar magudanar ta kasance mafi sauƙi - zuba aan buhuna na ruwa kai tsaye a cikin akwatin kifaye. A lokaci guda, ruwa ya kamata ya tafi da wuri-wuri ta hanyar magudanar bututu. Idan wannan bai faru da sauri ba, ya kamata ka watsar da layin magudanar ka tsaftace shi. A aikace, sama da shekaru 2 na aikin wannan har yanzu ba a yi ba.
Wani batun mai ma'ana shine rufewar bututun. Idan wannan ya faru na tsawon lokaci ba fiye da kwanaki 3-5, to, matsaloli a cikin akwatin kifin na ado yawanci ba sa tasowa. Don girma akwatin kifaye, rashi a bututun ruwa ya fi muhimmanci saboda girman kifayen saukowa, a wannan yanayin ya kamata ka yi sauri. Dole ne muyi ƙoƙarin kafa ƙaƙƙarfan tacewa da inganta abubuwa, kazalika muyi ƙoƙarin rage yawan jama'a. Bayan kashe ruwan, kusan koyaushe wata matsala ta taso - sabon ruwan sanyi da ya bayyana yana da tsatsa mai yawa.Tabbas, da kyau, zai yi kyau a dakatar da kwararawar a wannan lokacin. A aikace, godiya ga ƙoƙarin maƙwabta a cikin riser, ruwan ya zama mai sauri kuma an cire adadin tsatsa da ya sami damar shiga akwatin kifaye ba tare da matsala ta amfani da tace kullun ba. Tsatsa koyaushe yana zuwa a cikin adadi kaɗan daga mai samar da ruwa kuma, idan akwai bututu, yana ƙoƙarin tara kai tsaye a cikin injin famfo, yana yin wahalar aiki. Irin waɗannan adibas suna bayyane sosai ta hanyar raguwa a aikin famfo. Bai kamata ku jira jinkiri ba don aiwatarwa a wasu lokuta - haƙurin da bai dace ba na iya haifar da cikakken injin, kuma, a sakamakon haka, gazawarsa. Ya zama koyaushe isa ya watsa matattarar motar kowane watanni 8-10, wanda yake mai sauqi ne, kuma tsaftace sarari tsakanin mai juyi da mai siginar, musamman a ƙasa sosai a ƙarƙashin ginin mai juyi.
Idan babu wani sha'awar yin bututu, to, abubuwan tattaunawar tare da sauyin sati 25% na yau da kullun suna iya yiwuwa ne kawai tare da siyar da babban kifi. Idan ka sayi soya kuma ka adana ta ba tare da ɗumbin ruwa mai ɗaci ba, ba zai taɓa zama babban kifi mai kyau ba. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, tattaunawa zai zama ƙarami, amma zai ninka. Ina da mace kimanin 80mm tsayi, wanda ya yi nasara spawned sau da yawa. Yawan caviar ya kasance kaɗan - kusan 30-50 qwai, kuma yana da ƙanƙanta. A cikin mafi munin yanayi, soya zai girma zuwa 50-70mm kuma ci gabansa zai tsaya. A wannan yanayin, kifin bai kusan ƙarewa ba. Irin wannan tattaunawar ana nuna shi ta hanyar manyan abubuwa, sau da yawa ɗan ƙara ƙarfi, idanu, da kuma siffar jiki mai elongated. Musamman elongation yana bayyane a gaban jiki - kifi yana "nosed".
Yana da matukar wahala a bayar da shawarwari kan abubuwan diski ba tare da yawan ruwan sha mai kyau ba; ya kamata a dauki wasu kifayen manya a cikin lita 150 kusa da ka'idodi mai dacewa tare da sauyawa na 25% na mako-mako. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a tsabtace ƙasa a mako-mako tare da mafitsara ko bututu na ƙarfe, ta hanyar siphoning. Ya kamata kuma a rinka tallata kafofin watsa labarai a kalla a duk mako, kuma zai fi dacewa kowace kwana uku. A zahiri, wannan bai shafi mai samar da mai biofilter ba, wanda ya ƙunshi mallaka na ƙwayoyin cuta. A wannan yanayin, abin da ake kira matattarar ƙasa tare da sake juyawa na ruwa na iya sauƙaƙe aikin tabbatar da tattaunawar. Rikicin Turanci na yau da kullun RUGF. Tsarinsa mai sauqi qwarai - ana ciyar da ruwa nauyi a cikin akwati na waje, ya ratsa wani yanki na kayan matattara (galibi roba mai kumburi) kuma ana yin kabewa a karkashin farantin da aka zazzage a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda duk ƙasa ke kwance. RUGF da kyau daidai ba zai ba ku damar taɓa tsabtace tushe ba, kawai kuna buƙatar cire ganyen tsire-tsire da suka mutu kowane mako 2-3. Takamaiman ƙirar tacewar na iya bambanta, amma za'a iya ba da fewan shawarwarin gaba ɗaya.
Idan ba zai yiwu a yi komai a cikin akwatin tacewa ba, sai a yi biyu. Gabaɗaya, farashinsa dole ne ya tsiyaya aƙalla 3 a cikin awa daya. Don famfon na yau da kullun, digowar kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi yana da mahimmanci, hanya mafi sauƙi don lissafi ita ce raba ta da 2. Don famfo mai tushe, ba za ku iya rarrabawa ba. Ba shi da ma'ana a yi sama da 5-6 kundin, ba zai zama mafi tsabta. Wanke detritus bai kamata ya firgita ba, za a iya dasa cryptocorynes a cikin tukwane tare da ramuka a cikin ƙasa.
Yi tunanin tsayawa a kan famfo a kan kofuna waɗanda suka tsotsa ko wasu gizmos mai ɗaukar hankali - famfo yana aiki a cikin mawuyacin hali a gare shi, yana girgiza sama kuma yana sa amo sama da yadda aka saba. Ambato: zurfin famfon yana cikin ruwa, ƙasa da amo, daga nan ne shawara ta sanya bankin tanka ta ƙasan aƙalla 40 cm, kuma don magudanan ruwa masu ƙarfi a ƙasan 50 cm. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce yin wannan gilashi daidai da zurfin akwatin akwatin. Manoma masu inganci kamar Hagen PowerHead ba su da damuwa. Yana da kyau a saurari fam ɗin maɓallin don sayan sayan. A gareshi, sautin amo a zahiri baya faruwa, amma da farko yana yin amo da amo fiye da famfo mai kyau.
Yi abubuwa na ƙarya akan manyan kafafu. 30mm mafi ƙaranci.In ba haka ba, bayan watanni shida, kun hau kan daga ciki don daskarar da tushen tare da duk sakamakon.
Ya kamata a share ƙasa ta hanyar sieves, misali daga 5 zuwa 8 mm. A cikin rami na ƙarya 5mm akan duk yankin karya ne, kuma yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa duka. Ramin ya zama ƙasa da 50% na ƙarya. Wannan shine, wajibi ne don rawar soja nemeryano.
Tukunyar samar da ruwa zuwa matattarar ta kasance har zuwa ƙasa kanta, suna da babban ruwa a ƙarshen - 50-100mm tsayi a cikin nau'i na grid, tunda kowane nau'in gutsattsar tsire da sauran tarkace za a ɗora a kai. Idan raga a cikin matattarar ruwa, za'a iya samun isashshen ruwa na kwarara cikin matattara ta hanyar babban bambanci a tsayi kawai, don haka ƙarshen bututun da ke cikin matattarar ya kamata muddin yana yiwuwa - kusan ga kayan matattara. Yankin giciye na bututun ya kamata ya zama akalla 150 mm2 ga kowane 1000 l / h na kwarara wanda yake ratsa ta, in ba haka ba bambancin tsayi a cikin akwatin kifin da matatar zata yi yawa.
Jirgin ruwa mai ba da ruwa a ƙarƙashin karyar dole ne a bangon bango na akwatin kifin tare da tsawon tsawon sa. Idan famfon yana da kyau, to za a iya sanya ramuka a ciki smalleraramar, don jet be kalla ba da fadin akwatin kifaye.
Kamar yadda kayan tacewa, kumfa ya fi kyau. Yana da arha, ana iya amfani dashi akai-akai. Kumfa mai iya tsayawa ruwa shine mafi kyau, amma kumfa kuma ya dace da katifa ta ƙura. Kaffinta ya kusan cm 7-8, pores ɗin ƙanana ne kuma ta hanyar, baya jin ƙanshi byaky, yana aiki sama da shekara guda. Matsakaicin watsa ruwa na roba mai sauƙi shine mafi sauƙi a ƙayyade gwaji, kuma a matsayin jagora na farko zaka iya ɗaukar 1dm2 foam a 1000l / h.
Wanke kumfa sau da yawa. Gaskiyar ita ce ƙazanta ƙazanta tana son tanƙwara, bayan da ruwa ya wuce ta gefen shi tare da kukan kuma ba a tace shi ba. Kawai kawai na ga cewa ruwa a cikin tanki tare da roba mai kumburi ya zama mafi girma sama da a cikin ɗakin da aka tsage - kurkura. Idan kumfa yana da tsabta, wannan bambanci shine kusan 10-20mm.
Ruwan magudanar ruwa na injin wanki, wanda ake siyarwa ko'ina, ya dace sosai kamar bututu mai ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙaryar. Ruwan magudanar ruwa na roba ya kusan kusan kowane tashar fita na famfo ko famfo. Don aminci, tilas ya zama dole a kiyaye amsar tare da matsawa.
Ya dace sosai a sanya masu wuta a cikin akwatin akwatin waje da ruwa mai tsabta. A lokaci guda, suna da sauƙin shiga, kuma ruwan zafi mai zuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarya yana da amfani ga tsire-tsire. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don kulawa da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa matakin ruwa a cikin akwatin ba ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin buƙata don murfin dumama.
sBataccen zaɓi shine sanya akwatunan matattara a bayan bango kusa da inda akwatin kifaye ke tsaye. To, a cikin dakin da akwatin kifaye, ba za a ji amo na masu tace ba, kuma akwatin kifayen zai duba mafi yawan halitta, ba kowane ɗaukar nauyin kaya ba.
Shigar da bututu biyu da RUGF a cikin akwatin kifaye guda yana ba ku damar samun kyakkyawan sakamako. A wannan yanayin, babu buƙatar biofilters. Duk tsire-tsire masu dacewa don tabbatarwa tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu girma ba tare da matsaloli ba, suna samar da tattaunawa tare da kyakkyawan tsari da maɓallin canji. A irin waɗannan ɗakunan ruwa, tattaunawa ba safai ake fama da rashin lafiya ba, kuma marasa lafiya sukan warke da kansu. Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan yana samar da yanayi kusa da manufa, yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da tattaunawa a yanayin zafi na ƙarancin yanayi ga nau'ikan digiri 27-28, wanda ke da fa'idodi mai yawa a cikin kiyaye tsirrai kuma, a sakamakon haka, samuwar kyakkyawan kyakkyawan yanayin ruwa.
Girma
Kamar yadda yake da sauƙin fahimta daga bisa, ƙarar don tattaunawar ba ta taka rawar gani idan an samar da sauran ingantattun yanayi. Koyaya, a cikin karamin jirgin ruwa tare da adadin mazaunan, tattaunawa yawanci baya sa ƙwai, ƙyamar, ko da tafkin yana da yawa a cikin tsire-tsire. Tabbas, irin wannan tafkunan suna da ban mamaki - akwai alama akwai kifaye fiye da ruwa! A cikin irin waɗannan kifayen ruwa, dole ne a kashe wadatar carbon dioxide da daddare, idan akwai guda ɗaya, kuma dole ne a kunna damfara. Gabaɗaya, tattaunawa ba ta da matukar damuwa ga rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen a cikin ruwa.Amma tare da irin wannan yaduwar girma, ɓacewar bututun ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsawon sama da awanni 10 ko da daddare, amintaccen aikin yana da garantin.
Ganin cewa waccan kifayen suna makaranta ne, kuna buƙatar adana su aƙalla a cikin adadin guda 6. Don irin wannan adadin kifayen manya, a gaban bututun ruwa, tsirrai da RUGF, yana da fili, sabili da haka akwatin kifaye na 150 ko fiye da lita yana da kyau. Idan sauran kifaye ban da tattaunawar, ƙarar yakamata ta zama babba, tunda tattaunawar zata kauda sauran kifayen, har ma da girma da sauri, kamar garken Kongo, zuwa cikin sashin akwatin kifaye. Tabbas, kandami wanda ke da irin wannan tsarin yana da damar samar da yanayi mai kyau ga adadin kifaye masu yawa ba tare da matsaloli ba, amma ba za su sami isasshen sarari don yin iyo ba, za a bi kifayen da kullun, saboda a cikin irin wannan ƙaramin ƙaramin abin da kawai suke da shi ba su da wurin iyo. Ina da nau'ikan 10-15 na balagaggu tattauna, 20 Kongo (Phenacogrammus interruptus), kusan wasu kifayen ɗari, ciki har da manyan irin su Botia macracantha, suna zaune a cikin akwatin ruwa na 800-lita na ruwa tare da bututun ruwa da RUGF. Dasa yawa ne. Babu wani yanayin bayyanuwar matsalar iskar oxygen da safe, haka ma, carbon dioxide purging bai taba kashe dare ba. A irin wannan tafki, tattaunawa ba kawai ba tsoro bane, suna da girman kai ne! Wasu lokuta, tattaunawa game da juna, shirin yin qwai kan gilashin gaba, ya tsangwama game da tsabtace shi kuma ya dawo fagen fama nan da nan, da zaran an cire hannun tare da buroshi 10-15 cm daga masonry!
Yayi daidai akan tattaunawar babba, sama da 40cm. da tsawo daga cikin shafi shafi na ruwa. A irin wannan tafki, kifi yawanci yana girma da sauri kuma yana tabo a baya.
Babban girma da dasa tsire-tsire na haifar da matsaloli ne kawai game da ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari don ɓoye cikin keɓance daban. A cikin karamin tafki mara kyau, har ma da mafi yawan yanayi, da tattaunawa na dogon lokaci, game da makonni 2 daidaita, kawai sai sa qwai.
Lokacin kiwo
Don samun zuriyar waɗannan kyawawan kifayen kifi, ya zama dole a shirya tanki na kiwo a gaba. Bai kamata ya sami ciyayi da ƙasa ba (ƙananan pebbles zai zama zaɓi mafi kyau don substrate). Ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ya kamata ya kasance tare da matsakaicin acidity da taurin a yanayin zafi na 30-32 ° C.
A shirye kifin don spawning za a iya ƙaddara daidai a wannan lokacin da suka fara rayayye girgiza ƙeƙe da tsabtace substrate. A wannan lokacin, ma'aurata (mace da namiji) sun rabu da babban wurin zama kuma an dasa su a cikin akwatin kifaye wanda aka shirya a gaba. Ya kamata abinci ya kasance mai rai yayin tsabtace jini (zubar jini, tubule, da sauransu). Abu ne wanda ba a ke so a ba kifi mai yawa, saboda za a cire sharan gona a kai a kai. Kuma tattauna kifayen kifi ce mai kunya, kuma yayin yafiya suna buƙatar iyakar kwanciyar hankali da shiru.
Ana kwanciya ƙwai akan maraice. A karo na farko, mace tana sanya kimanin qwai 250, amma ma'aurata za su iya ci. Amma bai kamata ku damu ba, kifin ba zai cinye babban abin sha na caviar na biyu ba, kuma toya zai bayyana. Nan da nan bayan kwanciya, mace da namiji suna canja wurin qwai daga wuri zuwa wuri kuma su ciyar da su da ƙashin. Bayan kwanaki 4, toya bayyana, wanda kusan nan da nan fara ciyar da kansu.
14an farkon ranakun 14-15 na rayuwarsu, abincin da ke jujjuyawar fata daga fata iyayensu. Bugu da kari, ana iya ciyar da kifi tare da busassun kwai. A soya zama cikakken jima'i balaguro kawai bayan 1.5-2 shekaru.
Cutar
Idan an kiyaye tattaunawar manya a cikin yanayi mai kyau dabam da sauran kifayen kuma ana ciyar da su daidai, basu taɓa yin rashin lafiya ba. Ta halitta, idan an sayo su lafiya. Wannan shine yanayin lokacin da zaka iya cewa KADA. Bayan haka, dukkan abokaina wadanda ke dauke da tattaunawar wasu kifaye bisa tsarin da aka ambata a baya sunada karancin maganganun balagaggu na balaguron cuta, kuma kawai idan wani kifi ya fara rashin lafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa!
Fry da matasa wani lokacin ba su da lafiya, amma ba sau da yawa fiye da kifayen da aka fi sani. Tattaunawa ba shi da cututtukan sa hannu waɗanda ke kaskantar da jama'a baki ɗaya na akwatin kifaye, kamar sanannen cutar nan ta haracinins. Cutar cutar sanannu na tattaunawa ana ɗauka nau'ikan cututtukan fata ne. Amma a karkashin yanayi mai kyau na adana kifayen, ba su ma tsoma baki tare da haifuwa da renon abin soya ba, kodayake ana yawan yin parasites kaɗan a cikin tattauna kifi. Cutar ta bayyanar da kanta a cikin hanyar manyan dents-ramuka-kan ramuka a kai da filamentous feces kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau. Hakanan, tare da yawan kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta, kifi yana da wahalar numfashi, kuma sau da yawa fiye da wasu suna yin motsi na numfashi tare da bakin. A wannan yanayin, ana iya ganin sirrin gamsai daga ƙarƙashin murfin gill. Lokacin da aka dawo da yanayi na yau da kullun, waɗannan alamomin cutar za su shuɗe cikin sauri. Idan wani yana so ya hanzarta aiwatar da tsari, zan ba da shawarwarin Kochetov.
Na kasance ina amfani da magunguna kawai a lokacin daidaitawar tattaunawar bayan sufuri ko kuma idan akwai rashin lafiyar sauran kifaye a cikin babban akwatin kifaye.
A cikin wuraren ɗaukar ruwa na keɓewa, koyaushe ina ƙara methylene blue zuwa launi mai ƙarfi mai adalci. Idan ƙusoshin sun lalace, to sai a ƙara Micopur ko wani wakilin antifungal bisa ga umarnin. Idan akwai shakku game da wasu cututtukan, Ina amfani da shirye-shiryen tagulla. Idan babu alamun cutar, na canja wurin kifin zuwa babban akwatin kifaye a cikin mako guda.
Kusan duk cututtukan, ban da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji, waɗanda tattaunawar take magana, ana iya bi da su tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole a tuna cewa kusan dukkanin kifayen masarufi, musamman tsoffin magada, da bots, suna da hankali ga ion jan ƙarfe. Yawan shawarar da aka ba da shawarar don jiyya kusan yakan kashe, kuma bots suna jin baƙin ciki sosai. A mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da jan karfe a cikin nau'ikan sunadarai na karfe. Ana ƙara giram na 1-1.5 na vitriol a kowace ton na ruwa na akwatin kifaye, wanda shine 1-1.5 ana ɗauka kuma an narkar da shi a cikin lita na ruwa mai ɗumi, bayan wannan kadan, a zahiri fewan lu'ulu'u ne, ana ƙara ƙara yawan citric acid na abinci a cikin sakamakon dan kadan turbid ruwa. A wannan yanayin, mafita ba ta zama wacce ba a fahimta ba, dan kadan ta kara haske, ta zama shuɗi mai haske. Ana ƙara irin wannan maganin a cikin kudi na 1 g a lita 1 na ruwa na akwatin kifaye. Idan akwai bututun ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin, to da safe da maraice 30-40% na kashi ana karawa kowace rana don kwanaki 5-10. Idan babu bututun ruwa, to an gabatar da cikakken kashi a ranar farko, ana maye gurbin 40% na ruwa kowace rana tare da tsabtace siphon kuma an ƙara shi a cikin rabi da na biyu a kwana na biyu da na gaba. Idan akwatin kifayen ya ƙunshi kifi daga ƙungiyar hadarin, yana da kyau a samar da wadataccen ƙarfi don wannan lokacin, kuma ƙara maganin maganin ta hanyar ɗigon ruwa.
Tattaunawa yana da launi mai canzawa sosai. Gabaɗaya, ana sanya zane iri da yawa bayan watanni 15-18 na rayuwa. A cikin wasu nau'in, alamun farko na launi sun fara bayyana a cikin watanni 2-3. Abubuwan ratsewar duhu masu duhu lokaci-lokaci suna bayyana a launi kada su firgita - wannan alama ce ta faranta rai a cikin kifin, yawanci martani ne ga ikirarin maƙiyin da ya fi ƙarfinsu. Idan an bayyana irin wannan yaduwar kullun, kifin yana da ƙarancin wuta kuma baya son yin iyo da kuma ɗaukar abinci, koyaushe yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin wurare masu ɓoye - wannan alama ce ta rashin lafiyar, ƙara canza ruwa, ƙara zafin jiki zuwa digiri 30-32, canza abincin. Irin wannan halayen ga yanayin rashin tattaunawar yakamata ya zama daidai ga mai son a kowane irin matsaloli. Idan irin waɗannan matakan ba su ba da sakamako mai tasiri a cikin kwanaki 3-5, kifin yana yiwuwa ba shi da lafiya, ya kamata ku gwada gano cutar, ku sa shi cikin rami daban kuma ku yi ƙoƙarin bi da shi. Kada ku yi sauri tare da magunguna kawai idan yana kama da sabon kifi da aka kawo ko kuma kifin da aka canja shi daga babban rami tare da kyawawan yanayi zuwa ƙaramin girma da / ko a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da ɗan ƙaramin muni ko kawai yanayi daban-daban, alal misali, daga rabin duhu zuwa babban akwatin ruwa mai haske sosai.Babban duhu na shiga tsakani har zuwa wani launi mai zurfi na soya a cikin soya da manya na ɗan gajeren lokaci kada su haifar da wata damuwa. Idan wannan launi ya zauna a cikin soya don kwanaki 2-3, amateur na da daidaituwa. Duhun launi na kifi na manya bazai zama alama ta zalunci ba, amma alama ce ta farawar fata ko kuma ta ɓarnatar da ɓarnar fata.
Maƙwabta
Sha'awar ta ƙunshi sauran kifayen tattaunawa sau da yawa yana kan yawan zafin jiki na ruwa. Yana da wahala a sami kifin da ba zai iya jure zafin jiki ba da digiri 28. Hoton anan kusan iri ɗaya ne da wanda yake dangane da tsire-tsire. Komai yana da rikitarwa ne kawai ta dalilin cewa kifi, ya bambanta da yin tsayi da yawa, an gwada shi aƙalla shekarun da suka gabata, tsawan tsirrai, yana da iyakataccen lokacin rayuwa. Bugu da kari, kifin baya rayuwa cikin sa'o'i, amma a cikin awoyi awoyi. Wannan shine, karin digiri, thearancin awowi. Yawancin zafin jiki ya bambanta da mafi kyawun jinsin, mafi girman wannan dogaro. Misali, neon talakawa a zazzabi kimanin digiri 20 na iya rayuwa sama da shekaru uku, a shekaru 30 - kimanin shekara guda. A wannan yanayin, watanni shida na ƙarshe na rayuwa, kifin zaiyi kama da rashin lafiya.
Da farko, zan mayar da hankali kan kifi, wanda ba za a iya kiyaye shi da kifin ba. Waɗannan su ne girinoheylus. Yayinda suke ƙanana, sune mafi kyawun tsararrun akwatin kifaye. Da zaran sun girma 50-60mm, sai su fara tsayawa kan tattaunawar, a zahiri suna cinye su da rai! Kusan kamar yadda suke cin nasara suna tattaunawa da alamun sauti iri biyu. Koyaya, daga ƙungiyar mutane 15, Na sami damar zaɓar ɗaya misali, wanda ke da matuƙar ƙwaƙwalwa sosai, don haka yanzu yana zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye na. Af, wannan misali shine mafi yawan zalunci da ƙarami a cikin kunshin Labeo. A cikin shekara, ya girma cikin kyakkyawan girman kifi mai yawa, ga alama mace ce, kusan 12 cm tsayi, wanda, ba shakka, ba iyaka ga jinsin, amma har yanzu yana da kyau.
Hakanan, ba na ba da shawara don ci gaba, tare da tattaunawa da tsirrai, manyan catfish-suckers of panaks da brocade pterygoplychitis. Matsalar ba wai sun tsaya tare da kifi ba ne, bakinsu yana da taushi, don haka wannan baya cutar da tattaunawar, amma da alama ma yana son sa. Matsalar ita ce, manyan samfuran waɗannan kifayen suna cin ciyawar matasa na rosette, kamar ciyawar ciyawa. Abin lura ne cewa da wuya su taɓa tsirrai masu tsayi. Pterigoplicht 20 cm tsayi ya ci glaci na sagittaria kimanin 25 cm tsayi da 15 m cikin sati guda. A lokaci guda, ya kan ci abinci a kai a kai cike ɗanyun zucchini da allunan spirulina.
Tattaunawa gaba ɗaya a hankali ku koma ga kifin da ya fi ƙanƙanta. Tare, tare da su, sandunan ceri na shuki-da-ƙasa da tsiro na asali sun girma ba tare da matsaloli ba. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar kifi, zaku iya mai da hankali ga "juriyarsa". A zahiri, kifi tare da cutar da ake zargi ba shi da abin yi kusa da tattaunawar.
Kongo - daya daga cikin mafi kyawun sahabbai don tattaunawa. Yawan digiri da aka sanya wa wannan nau'in yana da yawa - kimanin shekaru 8 a digiri 22. Babu shakka rawar gani yayi kama da babban garken - aƙalla 10 kwafe. Babu shakka an manta da kifin aquarists.
Gourami lu'u-lu'u Yana son zafi. Zai fi kyau a bar maza su kadai, ba za su yi yaƙi ba, za su gina filayen koyaushe, amma ba za a sami wani abin soya ba - ba wanda ya rage.
Wolfera molinesia daidai tsaftace tsirrai daga fola, musamman a samartaka. Sau da yawa ana kiyaye shi a ƙarshen bakin ruwa, wanda bai dame shi ba. Sauran manyan masu riƙe da abubuwa, kamar na takobi, suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci, amma yawanci basa girma zuwa girman al'ada.
Rariyastomus - ofaya daga cikin smallan ƙananan characins tare da ɗimbin digiri. Yana son ɓoye cikin wurare masu duhu, don haka garken ya zama babba. M kifi, kai kawo da acclimatize a cikin sabon wuri a hankali!
Rubrostigma - babban kifi ne mai wuya, kyakkyawa mai kyau, maimakon babba ga characins; yana jure zafin zafin jiki, amma tare da wahala. Muguwar girgiza kai! Na yi nasarar samun shi ba tare da asara ba sau 3 kawai.Kai kawo tsawon lokaci kusan a rana.
Neon ja - a ina zai kasance ba tare da shi ba! Yana zaune tare da tattaunawa game da shekaru 1.5-2, daga farkon shekara ta biyu, wutsiya ta fara faduwa, kwankwado ya lalace - kifin ya mutu daga tsufa. Ko da kun kiyaye garken babban garken, duk tattaunawar za ta fitar da su zuwa cikin kurmi.
Antsistrus talakawa - Wannan kifin yana son yanayin mai tattaunawa. Spawns nasara cikin wata 'yar karamar dama. Ba a cinye shi game da Fry, sabili da haka, idan soya ba su hau ƙarƙashin yanayi na ƙarya (kuma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan ba haka ba), a kan lokaci zai iya cike ɗayan tafkin.
Botsia wawa na rayuwa babu matsala. Matsalar kawai ita ce bayan tsawon lokacin da za'a sami karbuwa a wani sabon wuri, kifi kusan kullun suna ɓoye cikin mafaka a cikin rana, suna fifita snags. Watau ko akwai kifi ko ba a bayyane yake ba.
Mai ci Siamese algae - Epalceorinchus siamensis ko SAE - kada a gauraye shi da callopterus na Epalceorinchus. Iri guda dabba ce da ke cin gemu. Tabbas lafiya ce lafiyayye don cin abinci lokacin ƙuruciya da masu fama da yunwa Amma ba ɗan saurayi ba ne, kuma ma yana fama da ƙarancin abinci guda 2 na tattaunawa, saboda haka, kodayake akwai fa'ida, akwai ƙarancin abin da muke so. Yana zaune ba tare da matsaloli ba. Yana haɓaka, watakila kaɗan ya fi sauƙi a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau. Amma wannan kuma yana da kyau. Kusan koyaushe, a ƙarƙashin manufarsa, masu siyarwa suna ba da kifayen daban-daban. Babban fasalin bayyanar SAE shine ratsin baƙar fata wanda yake shimfiɗa zuwa ƙarshen fin fin farin. Babu kusan alamu launin shuɗi akan saman tsintsiyar baƙar fata.
Yawancin marubuta sun lura da tsananin ƙarfin zafin microgeophagus (tsohuwar apistogram) na Ramirez. Ban gwada shi da kaina ba. Gabaɗaya, kifaye da yawa suna zaune cikin natsuwa tare da tattauna kifi, kodayake idan kun fara daga yanayin ɗabi'ar halittun, wannan bai kamata ba. Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalai shine kyautar Leleupi. Leleupi na da maza suna zaune tare da ni tsawon watanni shida yanzu kuma yana jin daɗina tare da ni.
Gabaɗaya, ƙananan matsaloli suna tasowa tare da kifin kifi. Ko da kamar wuya kamar zebra ta Hypancistrus, rayuwa ba tare da ƙaramar matsala ba kuma kar kuyi baƙin ciki. Bisa manufa, kifi mafi girma, mafi girman damar cin nasara. Onesananan ƙananan, irin su otocinclus, ba su daɗe. Babban matsalolin suna tare da characins. Barananan sanduna kuma ba za su iya tsayawa na dogon lokaci ba. Na gwada baki, ceri, tikto (Odessa ko Neon), Sumatran. Baki ya dade mafi tsawo - kimanin shekara guda daga tsohuwar watanni 3 mai soya. A wannan yanayin, tsintarwar ya biyo bayan kwana guda, ya dakatar da watanni 3-4 kafin mutuwa. A lokaci guda, barbs suna girma da talauci.
Horar da masana'antun
A cikin shirye-shiryen daban don spawning kifi ba su bukatar. Kifi mai lafiya a cikin yanayi mai kyau da kansu suna samun nasarar neman mata. Tattaunawa ba swan ba ce, da wuya ma'aurata su kasance tsayayye na dogon lokaci. Dole ne in lura da yadda ɗayan maza suka yi tsalle a cikin wani wurin buɗe ruwa tare da mata biyu lokaci guda. Yana da amfani sosai cewa a cikin garken kananan dabbobi yakamata a sami akalla kifi ɗaya, wanda kafin hakan yana da nasarorin sassauƙa. Za ta zama malami ga ƙananan kifi. Hakanan yana da amfani don wadatar da garken lokaci-lokaci tare da tattaunawa game da kifin ko ƙaramin kifi.
M kamar yadda yake iya zama da alama a farkon kallo, mafi kyawun nau'ikan ba shine farkon ba a cikin matakin kifaye a cikin garken. Na farko, ga alama, sune abubuwan rarrabuwar kawuna na kifaye na farko don kursiyin. Misali, mace harda mummuna ta jiki - ba tare da ido ba, alal misali, ko adda, 10-11cm tsayi, ya lura da caviar mafi kyawun lafiya, akasari ya bunkasa. Yana faruwa cewa kifin ba shine farkon a cikin makarantar ba, amma tare da gunaguni, wannan mutumin yakanyi iyo tare da hanci mai karyewa kuma yana rushe sikeli - haka kuma ba za'a sami kyakkyawar mahaifa daga gare ta ba. Yawancin lokaci mata biyu kan yi huda yayin da mutum ya saka ƙwai, na biyun kuma yana kwaikwayon halayen namiji. Bayyana irin wannan mahaɗan yana da sauƙi - caviar koyaushe zai zama mara kyau. Bayyanar da namiji ya fi sauƙi ga mace. Maza sunfi girma fiye da mace; suna da ingantacciyar ci gaban kowace ƙwaya, musamman ma na gabobi, waɗanda kuma sukan sha kan su a ƙarshen zuwa ƙarfe da yawa.Goshin mace yawanci yakan yi yawa kuma ya fi girma daga na mace. A cikin mace, goshi yana da fadi sosai, kuma a cikin maza yana da ƙarfi sosai, kamar dai lokacin farin ciki ne. Maza galibi suna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar matsayin farkon kifi a cikin makarantar.
Shawara don tantance jima'i na kifaye ta hanyar dasa samari a cikin akwatin kifin daban ba shi da kyau, saboda ba ya bayar da babban dogaro. Tabbas, akwai ƙarin damar da kifin jinsi ɗaya zai fitar da novice mafi wuya, amma tare da ma'aurata masu abokantaka sosai, masu mallakar zasu iya fitar da novice tare kuma daidai da ƙarfi.
Gabaɗaya, bangarorin da ake tattaunawa zasu fara samun madafan iko da ba zasu mutu ba. Yawancin lokaci, bayan sanin girman matsayin, mai rauni kifi zai tashi ruwa. Sau da yawa ana murkushe Sikeli daga hanci ko a bangarorin, wani lokacin cikin tsananin tashin hankali, kifi yakan yanke shi akan abubuwa masu kauri. Sau da yawa, waɗannan scuffs suna da mahimmanci sosai, musamman idan an rufe kifin tare da duhu duhu da aka saki daga tattaunawar tun kafin bayyanar soya. Yawanci, irin wannan lalacewa gaba ɗaya ba tare da sakamako ba.
Mafi yawan adadin ɓarna yakan faru ne yayin tattaunawa a cikin ƙuruciyarsu, daga shekara zuwa biyu. Ana bayyana wannan ne musamman idan an shuka ƙwararrun ma'aura a cikin garken kifin da suka manyanta. Bayan haka, tsintsar matasa ma'aurata na iya biyowa a babban akwatin ruwa sau da yawa a rana. Bayan shekara daya da rabi zuwa shekaru biyu, ayyukan shakatawa na tattaunawar yakan ragu da watanni shida, sannan kuma ya sake komawa, amma da kara karfi. Nasarar da aka samu nasara tana faruwa ne yayin da ake tattaunawa game da tsufa sosai.
Alamun farko na halayen kafin haila su ne bugun maza a gaban mace, idan ya shimfida kafadarsa, yayi iyo a gaban mace ya juya zuwa gareshi, yawanci yana jingina da gefen ta. Daga baya, kafin tsabtace substrate, kifayen sun fara yiwa juna halayya kuma suna girgiza kawunan su gefe zuwa gefe. Veraunataccen mai ƙauna na iya lura da wasu rashin hankali yayin bayyana idanun kifin a wannan lokacin. Ganin ya zama ba ya nan, kifin, kamar dai, yana kallon ciki.
Idan substrate, ko da daban-daban, amma a kusa dake, mai tsabtace kifayen biyu, maiyuwa zai iya faruwa idan babu tsangwama. Idan kifi ɗaya ne kawai ya aikata wannan, to tabbas wannan zai ƙare.
Idan makasudin ku shine kiwo na masana'antu na tattaunawa, to bai kamata ku ajiye su a cikin hanyoyin ruwa tare da tsirrai da ƙasa ba. Kodayake irin waɗannan tafkuna suna iya yin la'akari da rashin daidaituwa ga kifi, lokacin da masu samarwa suka yi tsalle a cikin akwati mai tsabta, sun saba da shi na dogon lokaci, kuma a wasu halayen ba za su taɓa samun amfani da shi ba. Anoƙarin ƙoƙarin samar da ƙasa mai amfani da ruwa kamar yadda akwatin kifayen dabbobi ba shi da nasara - idan akwai ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana da matukar wahala ga tattaunawar ta dawo da tsutsa da ta faɗi ƙasa zuwa gurbin. Saboda haka, da gaske akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na wadatar zuci daban-daban daga wurin halittar ruwa tare da tsirrai da ƙasa.
Kuna iya sanya ma'aurata a cikin wani nau'in akwatin kifin mai tsabta tare da tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane, wani daban don zaɓar daga. Tattaunawa ga kowane abu, mafi yawan lokuta akan magudanun ruwa, ganye, tsirar shagunan, kawai akan bangon akwatin kifaye. A cikin ƙaramin, ƙasa da lita 100 na spaining, tattaunawa suna jin kunya ko da bayan tsalle. Saboda haka, kar a tsoratar da su ta hanyar kunna / kashe matatar.
Idan ma'auratan suna da abokantaka da kwanciyar hankali, zaku iya gwada wata hanya. Da zaran tsiro ya faru a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, an yarda kifin ya tsaya akan ƙwai na ɗan lokaci. Zai iya lalacewa a rana ta biyu ko ta uku bayan jinkirin, duk da haka, ana ganin sakamako na farko bayan sa'o'i 5-7. Idan babu farin caviar da yawa, to, canja wurin abin canzawa zuwa akwatin kifin, wanda aka tsara kamar yadda yake a farkon hanyar ko a sauƙaƙe zuwa tafki mai tsabta, inda babu wani abu banda kifi da ruwa. An rufe abin da keɓaɓɓen sabulu saboda kifin zai iya ganin ƙwai, amma ba zai iya zuwa gare shi ba Bayan ƙyanƙyashe ƙwaya, duba wanda ya ci shi. Kifayen da suke yin wannan an cire su kuma nan gaba ba a barsu da masonry ba. Yawancin lokaci, mace zata fi zama da soya.
A zazzabi a cikin spawning na iya zama 28-30 digiri. Yanayin zafi ba shi da tasiri a cikin yaɗuwa. Kayan aiki na ruwa na ruwa ba su shafar wannan. Wannan a fili bai shafi rabuwa da sirrin ba, kodayake mutane da yawa suna tattauna direbobi sun ce akwai sirri sosai a cikin ruwan acid. Idan ma'auratan suna da kyau, asirin zai fara fito fili kafin ɓacin rai, kuma bayan kwanaki 2-3 akwai da yawa da suke rataye a bangarorin ta hanyar yanar gizo. Idan ana so, za a iya sanya matattara mai feshin ruwa ko kuma matattakawar kumburin filaye a cikin matsanancin ƙasan. Ya kamata iska mai iska ta kasance mai rauni sosai. Idan akwatin kifaye ƙanana ne, kuna buƙatar rufe shi kuma kada ku rikitar da kifin tare da kasancewar ku.
Idan mai yiwuwa ne a sa bututun cikin yaɗuwa, to, wannan ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓi. In bahaka ba, musanya ita ce mafi kyau ta yi da yamma, bayan kashe wutar. Kodayake ayyukan kulawa na kifi yawanci ba su da damuwa sosai, bai kamata ku yi wannan fiye da sau ɗaya a rana ba kuma canza sama da kashi 30-40% a lokaci guda.
Idan spawning ya haskaka ta da fitila mai rauni, kuma har ma da cikakken zafi, bayan an sanya ƙwai, ba za a kashe wutar ba. Don haka, ana samun ƙarin tabbataccen yanayi, kifayen ba su da damuwa kuma haɗarin cin caviar ya ɗan ragu kaɗan. Kafin tsallakewa, ya kamata hasken ya kashe da daddare, tunda tattaunawar ta sake zuwa da yamma, idan wani abu bai yi musu aiki ba, to ya kamata su sami damar gwada yanayin tafiyar yau da kullun.
Yana da kyawawa don ciyar da kifi a cikin yalwata tare da abinci na rayuwa, zai fi dacewa tare da zubar jini. Kada ku ciyar da masu samarwa idan an lura cewa an fara shiri don farawa. Sau da yawa ya zama dole a lura a cikin babban akwatin ruwa yadda namiji ya yi hamayya a daidai lokacin da ya dace da mai ciyarwa, kuma mace ta ci gaba da yin kwanciya ita kaɗai. Akwai lokuta lokacin da, bayan irin wannan tseren, namiji kawai bai koma kama ba. Kiyaye ma'aurata cikin yawon shakatawa, musamman a gaban bututun ruwa, na iya har sai kun gaji da wani, ko kifi, ko maigidan
Kifi na iya tsayar da substrate na wasu kwanaki a jere ba tare da kwanciya ba. A zahiri, yawanci yakan fara ne da maraice tare da ayoyin gwaji na mace akan musanya. Bayan haka, kwanciya qwai da sauri. Da wuya lokacin da ma'aurata basu dace ba cikin minti 20. Bayan wannan, sau da yawa, kifi na iya ɗaukar juzu'ai yana yin abubuwan da ba su da ma'amala a kan gurbin ruwa ko caviar, kamar su iya shaƙe shi.
A zazzabi na 28-30, tsutsa tsintsiya a rana ta uku. Iyaye sukan kwashe shi sau da yawa daga wuri zuwa wuri. A wannan matakin, akwai matsala a cikin rauni sanda na tsutsa zuwa substrate. Wani lokacin yana taimakawa dakatar da canza ruwa a wannan lokacin. Yawancin masoya suna da'awar cewa a cikin ruwa da ruwa mai laushi wannan matsalar ba. A cikin ruwa na da kifayen ban taɓa sanin irin wannan matsalar ba. Bayan wata kwana uku, tsutsa na iyo.
Wannan kayan za'a iya rarraba su gabaɗaya ba tare da gyara ko sharewa gaba ɗaya ba, gami da wannan sakin layi. An hana yin amfani da takaddun don dalilai na kasuwanci ba tare da izinin marubucin ba. Bayanin da ke cikin wannan takaddar an samar da shi "kamar yadda yake" kuma marubucin ba abin dogaro ne, kai tsaye ko kai tsaye, don amfanin sa.
Kiwo
Tattaunawa ba ta da cikakkiyar rarraba game da jima'i, amma maza suna da ɗan girma kaɗan. Suna da ƙoshin ƙaiƙayi mai ƙoshi kuma ya fi girma, kuma ƙarancin dorsal dan kadan ne. Mata suna kallon zagaye da kuma wayoyin hannu.
Balaga da tattaunawar kai tsaye ya dogara da sararin samaniya a cikin akwatin kifaye da yawan zafin jiki. Idan akwatin kifaye ya isa sosai kuma zazzabi baya faɗuwa ƙasa 30 ° C, mace zata yi girma cikin watanni 10, a cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan, cikin 12. A cikin ƙaramin kifayen ko kuma ba tare da ka'idojin ruwa ba, budurcin na iya jinkirta har zuwa watanni biyar.
Don ƙirƙirar tattaunawar, yana da kyawawa don haɓaka su a cikin rukuni, daga baya su kansu za a kasu kashi biyu, wannan zai zama sananne nan da nan. Ma'aurata suna iyo tare kuma har ma suna “durƙusa” ga juna. Irin waɗannan ma'aurata suna kwanciya da ƙwai da kuma kula da offspringa isan nasara. Amma zaku iya ƙirƙirar biyu ta wucin gadi ko kuma karya shi, bashi da kyau kuma yana iya kawo nasara.Don tsallakewa, an zaɓi kifin mai cikakken lafiya na launuka mai haske.
Amma wasu iyayen za su iya cin karen nasu, zaku iya ƙoƙarin haihuwar hopingan 'yan lokutan biyu don fatan ilmin iyaye. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba kuma ɗayan iyayen ne suka ci caviar, ana iya ɗaukar fain tare da wani abu daga caviar, misali gilashin. Idan dukansu sun ci, ba za ku iya barin su yi iyo a cikin ɗan maraƙin ba, alal misali, rufe tarho.
Ciyarwa
Kiwo a cikin tsararren fata - yana buƙatar digiri 2-3 mai taushi, low acid pH6-6.2 ruwa kusa da ainihin. Hakanan yana buƙatar low low light (8W). Tabbas, ruwa bazai iya bin irin waɗannan ka'idodi masu tsauri ba, amma adadin caviar zai ragu sosai. Ba'a buƙatar tsirrai da ƙasa ba, kuma girman filayen ya zama akalla lita 60. Zazzabi ruwan ya kasance tsakanin 30-32 ° C.
Jirgin yumbu mai kusan santimita 30 zai iya zama ƙasa mai hura wuta.
Bidiyo: Tattaunawa
Sauya ruwa wata matsala ce mai haifar da matsala, ruwan da ke cikin filayen dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta, kuma akwai buƙatar sauya shi akai-akai. Canza ruwa ya zama daidai ga wancan riga a cikin akwatin kifaye. Zazzabi da sigogi ya kamata iri ɗaya. Da girma girman filaye masu tsalle-tsalle, cikin sauki zai sauƙaƙa musanya ruwa.
Soya tattauna
Soya a kan matsakaicin nau'in mutum har zuwa 150-200, amma akwai lokuta idan adadinsu ya wuce 350. A irin waɗannan lokutan, tattauna kifayen ba su da ikon ciyar da soya kuma za su yi haɓaka sosai. Hakanan, yakamata a cire kifin daga ciki bayan sati 2, saboda soya ba zai iya ci fiye da sati biyu ba a bakin iyayensu. Kuna iya ciyarwa iri ɗaya kamar babban kifi, amma dole ne a lura da adadi.
Tattaunawa kiwo akai-akai, a lokacin daya kakar za su iya yin idan akwai wani rashin nasara har zuwa 10 clutches. Bayan haka, kifin zai yi dogon hutu. Tattaunawa na tarbiya sama da shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa zasu iya sanya ƙwai a cikin babban akwatin ruwa, amma koda zuriyarsu ta tsira, za a sami kaɗan daga cikinsu.
Tattaunawa Haeckel
Hakanan ana san shi da suna Symphysodon - wannan sunan ya samo asali ne daga mai binciken John Heckel, wanda ya fara gano wannan nau'in a shekara ta 1840. Oneayan ɗayan kyawawan kifaye ne kuma yana da sunan lakabi "King of Aquarium." Hakanan shine mafi yawancin jinsin daji kuma idan kun kama irin wannan kifin, kiwon shi zai zama matsala.
Blue tattaunawa
Sunan Latin shi ne Symphysodon haraldi - wannan nau'in ya zo mana kwanannan, an fara gano shi a 1960 kuma kusan babu wani abin faɗi game da shi. Yana zaune a cikin tsaftataccen ruwan sha, a cikin yankunan kusa da Kogin Rio Tapajos. Jiran karin rarrabuwa da karatu.
Nau'ikan shuɗi suna tattaunawa da heckel sun mamaye juna a yanayi kuma an ketare su, suna ƙirƙira sabbin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Don haka, gano batun tattaunawar, an kuskuren ɗaukar shi sabon jinsin, amma bayan yayi nazarin yankin sosai, kowa yana yarda da shi sakamakon ƙetare jinsin biyu.
Kammalawa
An rarrabe tattaunawa ta hanyar bambance-bambancensa, an rubuta wannan a kowace littafi akan akwatin kifaye. Tattaunawa ba abu ne mai sauki ba, amma ga kifayen dubu da ba su da yawa wani mutum na musamman zai iya faɗuwa wanda launinsa ko ma fata kanta zata sha bamban da waɗanda aka gabatar a baya. Tattaunawa game da yanayi an riga an tantance shi a matakin kifin wanda ya kware a tattaunawar masunta.
Tattauna kifi sun kasance suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye na ɗan lokaci a yanzu kuma kowane ɗan kifin da ke cikin ruwa a bayyane ya ke ƙoƙarin ya kiyaye ko kuma ya kasance yana shayar da kifayen, saboda wannan shine ɗayan kifaye masu haske da kyau.