Ana samun tsuntsaye a ko'ina cikin Turai, Asiya, Australiya, Afirka, da kuma arewa maso gabashin bakin teku a Arewacin Amurka a cikin wuraren bude kogunan teku da na ruwa. Suna zaune kusa da yashi ko bakin dutse da kewayen bakin teku, da wuya su rayu nesa da bakin tekun. Wannan nau'in ya shayar da tsibiran tsibiri da tsibirin bakin teku, tsakanin gada da gini. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a kan filaye suna yin sheƙunansu a kan bishiyoyi, a cikin daji, reeds, har ma a kan tudu.
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Halaye da salon rayuwa
Manyan cormorant suna aiki da rana, suna barin mafaka don ciyar da sanyin safiya kuma su koma gida a cikin kusan awa ɗaya, iyaye tare da kajin suna neman abinci mafi tsayi. Yawancin ranar yakan tafi hutawa da ciyarwa kusa da wuraren girke-girke ko guraben rokoki.
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Manyan jami'ai ba sa hamayya da juna, ban da shi ne wuraren kiwo inda suke nuna halayen yankuna. Akwai tsarin sarauta da manyan tsuntsaye suka mamaye manya manyan kanana. A waje da lokacin kiwo, cormorant suna taruwa a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban hade.
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A lokacin kiwo, mutane ba tare da wata mace suna rayuwa a wajen daulolin kiwo ba. Cormorants suna zaune da ƙaura. A wasu yankuna, manyan rukunin tsuntsaye na wanzuwa a wuraren kiwo kuma basa tashi kudu.
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Fitowar cormorant
Masu ba da agaji sun kasance daga dangin pelican. Suna zaune kusan a duk faɗin duniya. Iyalin suna da kusan nau'ikan tsuntsaye 30, tare da 6 daga cikinsu suna farauta a cikin ƙasarmu. Baikal cormorants suna cikin manyan jinsuna a duniya.
Cormorants dangi ne na pelicans.
Suna da elongated, kamar karkatarwa, jiki, wuyansa yana da tsawo, akwai membranes akan paws. Ana jakar wuyan wuyan wuyansa. Yayin da tsuntsaye suka ciyar da kajin, sai su kauda kawunansu daidai a bakin iyayensu, yayin da saurayi ya lanqwashe wuyansa ya tura kifin ga kajin. Gefen cormorant na bakin ciki ne da tsayi, ya ƙare da ƙugiya mai kaifi. Gefen yana aiki azaman harpoon da hancin. Abubuwan da suke lalata gumurzun suna cikin baki, yayin da gashin fuka-fukan suna da ƙyalli mai ƙarfe.
Suna zaune a cikin tare da sauran tsuntsayen. Don gina gida, ana amfani da rassa da ciyawa. Ana haihuwar kaji da tsiraici da marasa taimako. Da wuce lokaci, suna da wadatar ruwa, sannan gashin fuka-fukai, kuma sun fara tashi.
Tsuntsaye masu lalata suna iya yin nauyin kilo 4.
Cormorant babban tsuntsu ne, yana iya kimar kilo 4. Girman fuka-fukan ya bambanta daga santimita 160 zuwa 1 mita. Wadannan masu girma dabam suna da kyan gani.
Cormorants salon
Masu ba da agaji suna jagorancin rayuwar rayuwar nomadic kuma suna tashi da kullun, a cikin ranar za su iya tafiya mai nisa. A tsakiyar Satumbar Satumba, masu ba da agaji sun taru a garkuna a Kogin Baikal, kuma farawar farauta. Kuma a ƙarshen kaka sun bar tafkin.
Masu ba da agaji na iya yin nisa mai nisa.
Wadannan tsuntsayen sun sami damar nutsewa daidai, bisa ga wannan alamar suna riƙe masu rikodin. Zasu iya nutse har zuwa zurfin 50 mita kuma su kasance cikin ruwa na kimanin minti 10. A yayin ruwa, sai cormorant din ya kama kifi ya yanka shi da jakar shi a baki.
Abincin cormorant ya ƙunshi kifi, crayfish da frogs. Kowace rana, kowane mutum yana cinye nauyin gram 300 na kifi.
A gaban idanun cormorant akwai wani fim mai nuna kyawu wanda yake aiki azaman gilashin ruwa a karkashin ruwa kuma yana baiwa tsuntsu damar gani da kyau a karkashin ruwa da neman abinsa. Umauki daga gare su ba shi da kima da kariya ta danshi. Saboda haka, idan cormorant ya fito daga ruwa, dole sai ya bushe fuka-fukansa na dogon lokaci. Yana da alaƙa da waɗannan cormorant waɗanda sau da yawa suna zaune a cikin “ƙazamar” gaggafa.
Cormorant yana da wuya a ɗauke shi daga ƙasa.
Wadannan tsuntsayen kusan ba za su iya tashi daga ƙasa ba, amma suna yinsu da kyau daga itaciya ko daga kankara. Hakan ma yana musu wahala su tashi daga ruwan. Yayin tashin jirgin, duk tsuntsaye suka yi layi. Kowane cormorant a cikin iska yana da siffar giciye na yau da kullun.
Me ya sa kuma yaushe ne kwastomomin suka ɓace daga tafkin Baikal?
A cikin 1933, bisa ga masana masana ilimin halittu, yawan masu ba da wuta a kan tafkin ya kai 10,000. Don haka jama'a suka fara raguwa cikin sauri. Me ya sa waɗannan abubuwan suka faru?
Imparfafawar farko ita ce Yaƙin Mulkin Soja, lokacin da mutane suka fara tattara ƙwai, suka ci kawunansu daga yunwar. Kajin na gwangwani kuma an tura shi gaban goshi. Amma babban dalilin shine bayyanar a cikin 50 na manyan jiragen ruwa masu yawa, wanda yake sauƙaƙa samun zuwa gidan sauka. Mutane sun fara doke mutane da duwatsu, wanda ya zama irin wasanni. An harbe su daga bindigogi kuma an tattara ƙwai. Kajin kuma suka je su ciyar da dabbobin da ke cikin hayakin. Hakanan, bacewar tsuntsayen daga Baikal ya shafi raguwar hannun jari. Haɓaka matakin ruwa bayan ginin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Irkutsk ya haifar da rage yawan bijimai, waɗanda sune manyan abinci ga masu ba da wuta.
Masu ba da agaji tsuntsaye ne na zamantakewa.
Wataƙila canjin yanayin ƙasa ya faru, tun a Siberiya a wancan lokacin adadin tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, alal misali, swans, geese, da teal, waɗanda hunturu tare da kwastomomi kusa da China, ya ragu. A wannan lokacin, an yanka tsuntsayen wintering sosai. Har ma an yi amfani da fashe-fashe don lalata su. An rataye tuhume-tuhume Dynamite tare da wani babban banki, kuma tsuntsaye sun taru a ƙarƙashin wannan bankin. Lokacin da tarin duwatsun suka fadi, dubunnan tsuntsaye suka mutu. Mutane suka tattara gawawwakinsu suna amfani da abinci.
A cikin 1962, an gano makabartun nunin ƙarshe a tafkin Baikal, bayan haka sun ɓace na dogon lokaci. Kuma ba tsammani a cikin 2006 sun bayyana a kan onan Teku. Yawan kwastomomi sun fara murmurewa daidai da wanda suka ɓace a ƙarni na ƙarshe. A cikin 2012, masana ilmin kimiya na lissafi kusan 600-700 nesting cormorant.
Ana fatan cewa wannan ci gaba mai kyau za ta ci gaba kuma ba za a sake samun irin wannan mummunan yanayin ba kamar a shekarar 1993.