Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Jariri |
Subfamily: | Buzzards |
Jinsi: | Real buzzards |
Real buzzards, ko buzzards (lat. Buteo) - asalin halittar tsuntsaye iri iri ne. Sun bambanta da girman matsakaici, jiki mai ƙarfi da fikafikan fuka-fuki. Yada ko'ina cikin duka hanyoyin hemispheres.
Ilimin Zamani
Kalmomin "ungulu" da "buzzard", a bayyane, su ma sun kasance kalmomin mahara a cikin harshen mutane. Dabarar ilimin etymology ta farko bata bayyana ba. Wataƙila ta yi tarayya da "Sary" na Turkic - rawaya - saboda canza launin tsuntsu. A gefe guda, wannan tsuntsu yana da suna "Sarn" a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland, don haka kalmar "Sarych" wataƙila asalin Slavic ne.
A cikin tsohuwar yaren Slavonic, sunan "buzzard" (ga tsofaffin marubutan wasu lokuta ba daidai bane "ango", don Dahl "buzzard") ya kasance a cikin bambance-bambancen "kanja". Misalin wannan sunan, wanda aka gabatar ta hanyar kamus, galibi ana alakanta shi da halayyar bayyananniyar kukan tsuntsaye (rokon - rokon da tausayi, pestering tare da buƙatun). Sunan da ke kusa da shi wanda ke nuna alamar a fili yana da tsuntsu a cikin wasu sauran yaruka, alal misali, a cikin yaren Jamusanci ana kiransa da ƙaiƙayi ko bussard daga Tsohon Germanan Tashar German, wanda ke nufin "mew gaggafa".
Wataƙila kalmar "buzzard" asali sauti kamar "canook" kuma yana da alaƙa da Tsohon Slavonic "canute" a ma'anar "faɗuwa." Fadowa a kan ganima alama ce ta halayyar 'yan buzz a yayin farauta.
Bayyanar
Buzzards sune tsuntsaye masu matsakaitan tsinkaye. Tsayin jiki 40-60 cm, nauyi daga 400 g zuwa 1 kg, ba sau da yawa. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Shugaban gajere ne, kuma fa fa, kewaya. Fuka fikafikan suna da tsayi kuma fadi ne, fikafikan nashi daga mita ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi. Akwai wani wuri mai duhu akan lanƙwashin reshe wanda ke rarrabe buzzards daga masu cizon maciji da shaho. Wutsiya tana da faɗi, gajarta da kaɗan. Canza launi daban-daban ne. Ga yawancin, sautunan launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa sun fi rinjaye a launi, ga matasa mutane tanƙwane.
Jirgin yana tafiya cikin nishaɗi, tare da fuka-fukai masu santsi, sau da yawa ke tashi. Endsarshen fika suna da siffar “dabino”, halayyar fa'idantuwa. Yayin tashin jirgi (shirin), sashen carpal ana ciyar da shi baya da kadan.
Yaɗa
Dukkanin nahiyoyi banda Antarctica da Australia. Wasu nau'ikan suna da yaduwa kuma suna a kan nahiyoyi da yawa, yayin da wasu ke da iyaka. Yankunan da ke rayuwa a cikin latitude na arewacin suna yin ƙaura na lokaci, nau'in wurare masu zafi - saddles. Yawancin su suna zaune ne a cikin gandun daji, amma akwai nau'ikan da suka fi son wuraren bude fili.
Rarrabawa
Dangane da tushe daban-daban, ga sifofin buzzards na iya kasancewa daga jinsin 26 zuwa 31:
Tsarin Buzzard wani lokaci ana bambanta shi cikin asalin monotypic Rupornis.
Kari kan haka, an san wasu nau'ikan burbushin halittu a Arewacin Amurka, gami da:
- Buteo fluviaticus (Tsakanin Oligocene)
- Buteo grangeri (Tsakanin Oligocene)
- Buteo antecursor (Late Oligocene)
- Buteo ales (Farkon Miocene) - Ex. Geranospiza
- Buteo typhoius (Late Miocene)
- Buteo contortus (Late Miocene) - Ex. Geranoaetus
- Buteo conterminus (Late Miocene / Farkon Abinci) - ex. Geranoaetus
Bayanan kula
- ↑ 12G.P. Dementiev. Sarych ko ungulu (Buteo buteo) // Tsuntsayen Tarayyar Soviet, kundi 1. - M.: Sov. da kimiyya. 1951
- ↑ I. G. Lebedev, V. M. Konstantinov. KYAUTA DA KYAUTA DUKAN RUHU NA RUHU NA BIRDS DA ITA NA FAUNA NA RUSSIA. Taron III game da masu tayar da zaune tsaye na Gabashin Turai da Arewacin Asiya: Kayan kayan taron Satumba 15-18, 1998 Stavropol: SSU, 1999. Kashi na 2. C. 80-96.
- ↑ 12Galushin V.M., Drozdov N.N., Ilyichev V.D., Konstantinov V.M., Kurochkin E.N., Polov S.A., Potapov R.L., Flint V.E., Fomin V . E. Fauna na duniya. Tsuntsaye. Adireshin. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- S. 85. - 311 p. - ISBN 5-10-001229-3.
- ↑Ryabitsev V.K. Tsuntsaye na Urals, Urals da Western Siber. - M.: Gidan Buga na Jami'ar Ural, 2001. - P. 115. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-7525-0825-8.
- ↑ 1234Boehme R. L., Dugga V. L, Flint V. E., Cherenkov A. E. Tsuntsaye. Encyclopedia of Yanayin Rasha (wanda aka buga ta V.E. Flint). - M.: ABF, 1998 .-- S. 111 - 432 p. - ISBN 5-87484-045-1.
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Rayuwa & Abinci
Wannan fashewar tsuntsaye dai tsuntsu ne mai rufin asiri kuma galibi yana zama tsakanin tsirrai masu yawa; a wuraren budewa ana iya ganinsa musamman a cikin hunturu. Yankin ganima ga mai jan-kayan da aka dasa yana da faɗi sosai kuma ya haɗa da tsuntsaye, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, beraye, macizai, salamanda, kwayoyi, yatsu da ma kwari.