Nau'in kwaro: Karin kwari na nono

Jere: Coleoptera - Coleoptera

Iyali: bazuwan gwoza - Ipidae (Scolytidae)

Ya hadu ko'ina. Yana lalata itacen oak, ƙasa da galibi, hornbeam, chestnut, Birch, poplar, Maple da sauran katako.

Irin ƙwaro 2.5-4 mm tsawo, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, elytra baki-launin ruwan kasa, ba tare da sheki ba, gibba tsakanin layuka na ɗigon a cikin wrinkles na ƙetarewar gashi, pronotum mai haske, ciki kai tsaye kwance, ba tare da denticles, m gefe na elytra santsi.

Larvae overwinter a cikin tsummoki sassa. A ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu dalibi. Bayan kwanaki 10-12, gwoza ta fito. Shekarunsu ana lura da su a watan Yuni. Don kwanaki 10-15, dazirin suna ciyar da lesan ƙananan feedan matasa da kuma jera su. Da farko suna yin kwari a sararin samaniya, sannan sai su ciji gaba ɗaya cikin zurfin, suna motsawa zuwa 0.4-0.6 cm tsayi. Ra'ayin abu daya ne. A watan Yuni-Yuli, mace na yin gajarta (har zuwa 3 cm) igiyar ciki ta ciki wacce take shafar sapwood, kuma har zuwa kwai 70 ana aza su a ɓangarorin biyu. A larvae regenerated bayan kwanaki 9-1 gnaw sassa har zuwa 15 cm kuma, tun kammala ciyar da fall, kasance a cikin su har sai bazara. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na tasowa a kowace shekara.

Mafi nau'ikan nau'ikan sapwood a kan katako sune: hornbeam, wanda aka samo ko'ina. Yana lalata hornbeam, beech, hazel. Tsararrakin shekara, Birch sapwood, ana samunsa a Polesie, Forest-Steppe. Diyya da Birch. Tsararraki na shekara, ana samun babban itacen tsiro, ko'ina. Yana lalata alƙaluma, ba sau da yawa hornbeam, poplar, gyada. Karnuka biyu a kowace shekara.

Muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage adadin sapwoods ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kwari iri-iri, gwozayen dabbobi da tsuntsayen kwari. Daga parasites tasiri braconids, da dai sauransu.

Matakan kariya iri daya ne da na kwari irin kwaro.

Scolytus mali beckstein

Manyan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar gwoza, Scolytus bicallosus, Scolytus nitidulus, Scolytus rimskii, Scolytus sulcatus, Scolytus dahuricus, Eccoptogaster castaneus, Eccoptogaster pruni, Eccoptogaster pyri.

Manyan girma Shothole borer

Coleoptera (Gwoza) - Coleoptera

'Ya'yan itace Sapwood - kwaro na 'ya'yan itace bishiyoyi (' ya'yan itaciyar dutse, bishiyoyin apple), sau da yawa ƙasa da itacen Elm, itacen ash, dogwood, hawthorn. An fatattaki rassan da kauri (har zuwa 22 cm) rassan bishiyoyi. Tumbi na iya zama kwance ko a tsaye, galibi ana raunana saboda fari ko wasu dalilai. Yin bisexual. Larvae overwinter. Wani zamani yana tasowa cikin shekara guda.

Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa

Haihuwa (inji mai kwakwalwa)50-100 Tsararraki a kowace shekara1 Imago (mm)3-4

Ilimin halittar jiki

Imago. Ja-mai launin ruwan hoda, mai haske irin ƙwaro 3-4 mm mai tsayi. Shugaban da pronotum duhu launin ruwan kasa, kusan baki. Goshin yayi lebur, cikin kauri mara nauyi, mai laushi, gashi ya daure, kambin yayi wani laushi.

Pronotum mai fadi ne kuma gajeru, a hankali a hankali, a gefen gefe tare da tsummoki. Yankin pronotum mai santsi ne, mara gashi, a cikin ƙananan wuraren zagaye masu wuya, mai sanyawa a tarnaƙi kuma yana haɗewa a gefen gaba.

Garkuwa mai faɗi ne, matte, mai zurfi sosai.

Nisa daga cikin elytra a gabobin kusan ya yi daidai da faɗin pronotum. Elytra gajera da fadi, kadan karami zuwa ga apex, bluntly zagaye, kusan yankakken, tare da gefen gefen koli a kananan notches. Tushewar areaƙwalwa na kunkuntar, mara ƙima, dan kadan mara daidaici. Gibet ɗin suna da faɗi kuma masu faɗi, tare da layuka guda na tsan ƙananan digiri waɗanda suke ƙanana da ɗigon ɗakin a cikin tsagi.

Alama da koli da gefan pronotum, musamman maɗaukakkun kusurwoyi waɗanda ke ƙasa da bututun kafada, ya fi girma da rashin daidaituwa, maki ya fi girma. A cikin ɓangaren apical na elytra ba wuya akwai zaune, zubewa, manyan gashi, a gefuna na elytra akwai gashi mai taushi da kuma kusa. Ciki ciki ne madaidaiciya, an rufe shi, kusan tsirara, ba tare da tubercles da denticles ba.

Dimorphism na jima'i. Ana bambanta mace da kwancen kai, da ke da kusan gashin gashi.

Kwai m, fari, ƙarami.

Tsutsa kafafu, fari mai kirim, dan kadan yawun ciki zuwa ciki. A kan sassan thoracic - gamushin ƙira mai laushi. Jikin yana cikin nutsuwa, gashi mai kyau. Shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, mai faɗi, yana da ƙarfi jaws.

Doll da siffar sosai kama da na wani irin ƙwaro, amma a cikin wani kodadde fari, translucent harsashi. Elytra ya gajarta. Eriya da ƙafafun suna matse jiki sosai.

Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)

JuyawaCikakke Cikakken sake zagayowar10-14 Kwai (amfrayo)10-14 Tsutsa8-9 watanni Doll10-14 Imago1-2 watanni

Ci gaba

Imago. Jirgin ƙwakwalwa yana tashi daga farkon Yuni zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli. Jinsin Monogamous, yana rayuwa nau'i-nau'i. Yana ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa a gindin bishiyoyi da kuma a cikin gindi. Saitiyoyi a jikin Tumbi da kuma rassan lokacin farin ciki. Barin bishiyar kawai na wani dan karamin lokaci yayin sakewa.

Lokacin yanka. Mace na yin zubin ciki a cikin kwalin kwanciya kuma ta shimfiɗa madaidaiciyar igiyar ciki 5-6 cm kuma kimanin 2 mm ko sama da fadi. Matsawa yana farawa da karamin fadada sifar wanda ba shi da tushe a cikin motsi. A cikin wannan fadada, haɗu suna faruwa. Hanyar cikin igiyar ciki ya ƙare a ƙarƙashin haushi daga cikin akwati ko rassan lokacin farin ciki. A tarnaƙi na hanya a cikin kwalayen kwai, mace tana sanya ƙwai 50-100.

Kwai. Lokacin tayi ne kwanaki 10-14.

Tsutsa gnaws akai-akai, kusan madaidaitan sassa waɗanda ba a haɗe su da juna. Intensarfin bugu na motsa a kan tsiron bishiyoyi kai tsaye ya dogara da ɗan itacen ɗan itacen. A kan bishiyun bishiyoyi, bugawar ba ta da ƙarfi, akan busasshiyar ciyawa. Yawa hibernate.

Doll ya bayyana a watan Mayu kuma har yanzu yana kwance a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. Kawai tare da aikin injin kai tsaye yana motsa ƙarshen ƙarshen ciki .. Tsarin haɓaka aikin cinikin pupa shine kwanaki 10-14.

Imago yana fita waje don juyawa a farkon watan Yuni.

Zamani na shekara-shekara.

Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam

Dangane da ilimin halittar jikin mutum (tsarin waje) na tsoho, sapwood na Jacobson yana kusa (Scolytus jacobsonida sapwood zobe ()Scolytus koltzei) Na farkon ana rarrabe ta gajeru da jiki, gajeriyar hancin da goshi, mai zurfi da kuma share tsagi a cikin elytra (maki a tsagi tare da shimfiɗaɗɗen ƙasa), maki iri ɗaya a gaban kusurwar gabanin magana da tsagi a farkon rabin zoben ciki na biyu. Namijin sapwood ringawan ya bambanta da ɗan itacen sapwood na namiji tare da gashin kansa mai tsawo da kauri a ciki, jikin elongated, dan kadan kumburi da launuka masu launin kusurwa na uku da na ciki na ciki da farar gashin gashi mai laushi.

Siffofin bayyanar itacen oak sapwood

Larvae are Twiste. Launi fari ne. Larvae ba shi da kafafu, amma suna da ingantaccen tsarin muƙamuƙi. Girman larvae ya kai mil 2-2.5.

Jikin wani itacen oak sapwood yana da fadi da gajarta. Tsayin yana bambanta tsakanin milimita 2.5-4. A launi da irin ƙwaro ne resinous baki ko baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa. A wannan yanayin, fikafikan suna ja, matte. A kan fikafikan akwai layuka masu asymmetric na dige, tsakanin waɗannan layuka akwai wrinkles da yawa. Isashin ciki na ciki an yi masa murfi. Babu tubercles da denticles a kan bevel. Antennae da kafafu na irin ƙwaro suna da rawaya.

Traces na itacen oak sapwood.

Ga maza, yankin gaba mai ɗaukar hoto halaye ne. Hakanan, maza suna da abin goge gashi. Mata suna da goshi a hankali, ba tare da goge-goge ba. Waɗannan alamu ne na waje waɗanda ke bambanta itacen oak sapwood daga mafi kusancin dangi.

Malware

'Ya'yan itacen sapwood suna lalata bishiyoyi fruita fruitan itace, ƙasa da tsaunin ash, Elm, hawthorn, dogwood. Mazaunin gonar oraha ne, kuma ana samun ta a cikin tsiran daji. An fatattaki rassan da kauri (har zuwa 22 cm) rassan bishiyoyi. Tumbi na iya zama kwance ko a tsaye, galibi ana raunana saboda fari ko wasu dalilai.

Tsutsotsi suna ciyar da kyallen takarda mai rai daga bishiyoyi masu rauni. A kan kyawawan bishiyoyi kada ku shirya. Itace wacce bishiyar ɓawon itace ta zauna a wannan shekarar, a matsayinka na mai mulki, watanni 2-3 bayan daidaitawa. A bishiyar busasshiyar bishiyar itace, bishiyar 'ya'yan itace bata rayuwa, taje tayi rayuwa ta raunana bishiyoyi.

Cutarwa lalacewa ta itacen oak sapwood

Baya ga itacen oak, kwari sukan lalata hornbeam. A mafi yawan lokuta, suna amfani da wasu katako.

Yanayin lalacewa ya dogara da adadin itacen oak sapwood. Wadannan kwari kwari zartar sassa a na bakin ciki rassan, a kodan da a cikin cokali mai rassa. A lokacin abinci mai gina jiki, itacen oak sapwood yana cutar da bishiyoyi tare da kamuwa da cuta mai lalacewa da ake kira vascular mycosis. Karin kwari suna lalata cambium da bast, a sakamakon abin da rassan bishiyoyi da gangar jikin bishiyoyi suka fara mutuwa.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Matakan sarrafawa

Ayyukan Agrotechnical (gandun daji) don iko da 'ya'yan itace tsiran itacen sapwood gaba ɗaya ga duk kwari kwari. Sun ƙunshi kulawa a kan halayensu da rarraba su, bin ka'idodin tsabta don thinning, shirin don thinning daidai da buƙatun ƙa'idodin dokokin yanki don thinning. An bada shawara don guje wa hanyoyin yankuna na juye juye da na bayan gida, yin la’akari da jagorar iska mai iska.

Hanyar inji ya hada da zabin bishiyoyin da aka cika sabu da kwantawa daga mafarauta. Ayyuka suna gudana a cikin dan kankanin lokaci, cikin tsari a cikin dukkan ciyayi da aka fallasa ga kwaro. Farauta itatuwa suna buƙatar kwanciya dacewar lokaci, shinge da tsabtatawa, in ba haka ba sun juya zuwa hotbed na kwari kwari.

Hanyar ilimin halitta. Enthophagus yana lalata 'ya'yan itacen maniyyi: Yana zana pomarius Reinh., Elachis tusleucogramma R., Rhaphiteus maculates Welr., Microplectron fuscipennis Z., Pteromalus sp.

Dangane da bincike da yawa, an ƙirƙiri rukuni na magungunan kashe ƙwari don magance wannan nau'in kwaro.

Lokacin rubuta labarin, an kuma yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyin:

Tsutsa

A watan Yuni ko Yuli, matan wannan irin ƙwaro suna yin gajeren rauni, wanda ke shafar dabbobin ruwa. Oviposition yana faruwa a kowane ɓangare na hanya. A wani lokaci, matar ta kula da sa kusan ƙwai 70. Bayan kimanin kwanaki goma, ana haihuwar lardin ƙwaro. Suna murguda baki, mara nauyi, fararen fata, tare da canza launi daban da kai da kuma siffar muƙamuƙi. Tsawon jiki daga 2 zuwa 2.5 mm. Irin ƙwaro a larval mataki gnaw ta sosai tsawon wurare.

Bayan sun gama aiwatar da ciyar da itace ta kaka, sukan kasance cikin hunturu har lokacin bazara a cikin manyan hanyoyin. A cikin shekarar, ƙarni ɗaya ke haɓaka. A karshen Afrilu, dalibi ya faru kuma kwanaki goma daga baya girma itacen oak sapwood an haife shi.

Adult

Tsawon m, gajere jikin m tsohuwar ƙwaro ƙwaro daga 2.5 zuwa 4.0 mm. Itaciyar itacen oak yana da launin baƙi mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi. Matte elytra ya bambanta da launin ruwan hoda-ja da kuma layuka akai-akai na ɗigo-ɗimin asymmetrically, tsakanin abin da yawancin wrinkles suke da sauƙi rarrabe An san zuciyar da irin ƙwaro ta kasancewar kasancewar bevel a cikin ƙananan sashin. Salon madaidaiciya ya tafi zuwa sashin bayan. Ba shi da haƙoran haƙora da bututun ƙarfe. A launi na antennae da kafafu na irin ƙwaro ne rawaya.

A bayyane yake a fili sama da bakin bakin a cikin bangarorin kai. Wani fasali na musamman shine kasancewar kamshin gashi mai hakora mai fitowar gashi. Mata suna da goshi a hankali ba tare da goge-goge ba. Haɗarin waɗannan sifofi na waje yana bambanta itacen tsiro na itacen oak daga wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin alaƙa.

Kiwo

Don girma itacen oak sapwood, dimorphism na jima'i halayen ne. M jirgin sama na ƙwaro yana farawa a watan Mayu kuma yana ƙare ne kawai a ƙarshen bazara. Lokacin aiki na mating na manya ya ƙare da matakin ginawa ta mace daga cikin igiyar ciki na ciki da kuma kwan kwanciya. Tsawon lokacin haifuwa tazara ta iyakance jihohi da girman abinci. A kudu, galibi biyu ana lura da su a cikin kaka daya.

Laifi

Da wuya ka iya amfani da wasu katako don rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki. Yanayin lalacewa ya dogara da adadin mutane.

Itatuwan itacen oak na itacen ɓarnar ɓarnar ƙarfi a cikin hawan reshe na bakin ciki, da kuma a wuraren cokali mai yatsa da kodan. A kan aiwatar da ciyarwa, gwoza sau da yawa tana gabatar da cuta mai lalacewa da ake kira na jijiyoyin zuciya mycosis. A cikin kututture da rassan da ke zaune a cikin kwaro, igiyar ciki da larval sassa gnaw karkashin haushi. Sakamakon irin wannan aiki, burodin da cambium sun lalace, wanda ke zama abin buƙatun mutuwarsu.

Kamuwa da tsire-tsire na cikin gida tare da mealybug matsala ce mai gama gari. Yadda ake ajiye tsiron ku, zaku koya anan.

Avermectins sune biopesticides dangane da spores na fungal. Menene amfanin waɗannan magungunan, karanta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ta https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/borba/insekticidy-protiv-vreditelej/avermektiny.html.

Matakan da hanyar sarrafawa

Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a cikin yaki da itacen oak sapwood shine samfuran yau da kullun. kwaro na kwari, kazalika da matakan kariya don kiyayewar itace. Sanukan daji da tsire-tsire tare da tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci suna buƙatar kariyar sunadarai na bishiyoyi masu rauni. Amfani da dabarun aikin gona yadda ya kamata yana taimaka wa tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada da ci gaban bishiyoyi.

Wajibi ne a lalata abubuwan da ke raunana bishiyoyi, yanke da kuma ƙona lalatattun bushewa da bushewa daga sassan bishiyoyi kafin ganyen ƙwaro, da kuma kula da gangar jikin da rassan tare da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin tashi daga cikin kwaro daga canji da yankan bakin haushi.

Kariyar gandun daji daga bishiyar itacen oak ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar kulawa, wanda ya isa ya fallasa bishiyoyi daban-daban na yanayi a farkon zargi na mulkin mallaka ta hanyar kara kwari na gandun daji, ta yin amfani da kwari na musamman.

Bayanin

Sapwoods na manya sun kai tsawon 1.5 zuwa 5.5 cm. An kwatanta su da launi na duhu mai duhu, wanda zai iya zama baki gaba ɗaya ko tare da launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa. Wasu nau'ikan suna da bandeji masu wucewa. Sanannen sananniyar dabi'ar kwayar halittar shine babban tsinkaye, nisa wanda kusan yayi daidai da girman ciki.

A cikin yanayin yanayi, shekarun sapwood masu aiki suna faruwa a watan Mayu - Yuli. Wannan shine lokacin haifuwa mai aiki: bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, mace ta sanya qwai a gindin bishiyar da ta dace. A larvae cewa bayyana da ewa zame mata a, cin abinci da kuma motsa motsa.

Pwanin bishiyar bishiyun Sapwood suna jira hunturu a cikin wani tsutsa, suna ɓoyewa daga sanyi a cikin itace. A cikin bazara, lokacin da bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace suka yi girma a cikin lambuna, kwari suna canzawa zuwa cikin chrysalis, sannan kuma zuwa imago.

Daga cikin nau'ikan tsiran 120 na tsiran bishiyar ruwa da suke cikin duniya waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasar tsohuwar USSR kuma suna da mahimmanci ga aikin ɗan adam sun kasance huɗu.

Birch sapwood

Wannan maganin oligophage ne, shine, kwaro ne kawai yake cutar da ciyayi. Wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi ba su damu da shi ba. Lalacewa ta lalace ta hanyar larvae a cikin cortex da matasa kwari ta amfani da Birch a matsayin tushen ƙarin abinci, yawanci cin haushi mai kusa da kodan.

Sapwood imago itace irin ƙwaro ce wanda tsawon tsayin jikinta ya kasance daga 4.5 zuwa 6.5 cm ne. Fentin baƙar fata ne, wanda ke haskakawa cikin haske. Saman sama na elytra da wani sashi na pronotum an jefa cikin launin ruwan kasa-ja. Shekaru masu aiki na Birch sapwood sun faɗi a watan Mayu.

Irin ƙwaro ba safai yake kaiwa bishiyu ba, yana fifita tsohuwar da mai tsufa. Zabi na mace ba ya dogara da yanayin kiwon lafiya na Birch da wurin ci gabansa ba. Hakanan Birch sapwood na iya shafar kayan itace: katako, allon, katako. Sakamakon ayyukan kwaro, bishiyoyin birch suna zama mai rauni kuma suna iya bushewa gabaɗaya, yayin da halayen kayayyaki na itacen girbe ke raguwa.

Birch sapwood yana zaune a cikin Tarayyar Turai na Tarayyar Rasha, a yankin Caucasus, a Siberiya zuwa Transbaikalia, kuma ya zama ruwan dare a Ukraine, Yammacin Turai da Mongolia, inda bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ke girma.

Ilmovye sapwood

Sapwoods ƙanana da manya sun bambanta a kan girman juna. Tsawon na farkon shine 3.5-4.5 cm, na biyu kuma shine daga 4.5 zuwa 5.5 cm. Abinda ya hada su shine cewa larvae na waɗannan nau'in sun fi so su zauna ash-bishiyoyi (elms).Amma sau da yawa suna parasitize akan wasu bishiyoyi: hornbeam, itacen oak, Aspen. Irin ƙwaro yana da haɗari da farko saboda kamfani ne na fungi waɗanda ke tsokani cigaban cutar Dutch. Gasar mazaunin su ta yi daidai da yanki na rarraba bishiyar bishi.

'Ya'yan itace

Suna cutar da gidan saboda larvae da beetles suna lalata akan haushi na bishiyoyin lambu, musamman galibi yana shafar cherries da plums. Suna da wadataccen yanki a Turai, Yammacin Siberiya da arewacin Caucasus. A yankin Turai na Rasha suna zaune ne a Yankin Yankin da Ba Ba Baki. Wadannan ƙwayoyin gwanaye masu haske suna da baki da kuma pronotum, ciki da elytra tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Baya ga bishiyoyin lambun, za a iya zaɓar dabbar, ciyayi, itacen ash, sauran dutse.

Karin kwari

Lardin Sapwood yana zaune a cikin haushi bishiyoyi, yana yin motsawa da yawa a ciki. A cikin bazara, lokacin da 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona Bloom, pupation faruwa.

Kwari wadanda suka bayyana fashewa kuma suka ci gaba da tseren su sun zama kusan cikakke ramuka madaidaiciya a cikin baƙi. Abu ne mai sauki koya daga garesu cewa lambun tana fama da tsiro.

Kwayoyin cuta na Pathogenic: kwayoyin cuta da fungi suna iya shiga cikin ramuka a cikin shuka, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan sakandare. Cutar da ɗanɗano - ɗaya daga cikin yadudduka na haushi - yana haifar da mutuwar rassa tare da mutuwar bishiyar bishiyar. Abu na uku na lahanin da ya haifar da safaran itace shine ɗanɗano ɓarnar dutse a cikin fruitsa stonean itaciya, watau ruwan leaky mai ɗorewa: launin ruwan kasa, launin rawaya, ko kuma bayyananne. Wannan na faruwa ne ta hanyar cizon kwari da kwari a sassan da ke jikin reshe da kuma kodan. A sakamakon haka, buds da ƙananan harbe daga itacen suna mutuwa.

Fasahar aikin gona

Yin oda a kan shafin shine babban garanti na tsirrai masu lafiya. Hanyoyin agrotechnooji don magance sapwood sun haɗa da matakan musamman:

• trimming bushe da kwaro-lalace lalacewar da dole ne a ƙone bayan hanya,
• tsaftace tsintsiyar itace da rassan bishiya daga namomin kaza, gansakuka ko lasis, saboda matsuguni ne na halitta na irin ƙwaro,
• takin zamani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai don dalilai na kiwon lafiya,
• whitewashing kututture da tushe na kwarangwal harbe.

Duk waɗannan ayyukan ba zasu dauki lokaci mai yawa ba, amma fa'idodin su zai kasance mai yawa.

Chemical

Idan kwaro yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar gonar, to lokaci ya yi da za a yi amfani da kwari masu guba. A lokacin girma, ana buƙatar jiyya 2: a ƙarshen ƙarshen itatuwan furanni da bayan makonni 2.

Ya kamata a sa rassan da kuma rassan kwarangwal a hankali.

Ya dace da aiki:

Duk waɗannan magungunan an amince dasu don amfani dasu a wurare masu zaman kansu. Injewa tare da Savoy-1, wanda aka allura a ƙarƙashin haushi tare da sirinji, shima zai taimaka.

'Ya'yan itace ɗan itace ɗan kwaro ne, kasancewar wanda ke cikin gonar yana buƙatar matakan gaggawa don magance shi. Idan bin umarnin fasaha ba ya samar da sakamako ba, to za a yi amfani da magunguna. Yin amfani da su daidai da umarnin, zaku iya guje wa matsala mai girma.

Iri nau'in tsiran ruwa da yankuna masu rarrabawa

Wadannan kwari "sun kware" a duka al'adu (apple sapwood, pear, da dai sauransu), da tsire-tsire daji - ash dutse, hawthorn, dogwood, deciduous and coniferous bishiyoyi.

Duk lokaci na ci gaba na irin ƙwaro yakan faru a cikin mahimmancin itaciyar, sabili da haka sanya shi lalacewar ba dole ba, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar cuta da yawa, rufe su da dunƙule mai narkewa, lalata ƙwayoyin cambium (samar da haɓakar ƙwayar gangar jikin), haifar da cutar gum.

Kusan kowane nau'in itace kuna da katako na kanku (monophagous), yafi son wadannan tsire-tsire daidai don tabbatar da wanzuwar su:

• 'ya'yan itaciya,
• Birch Sarin
• itacen oak sapwood,
• almond,
• hornbeam, da sauransu.

Wasu nau'ikan suna nuna fifiko ga yankin rarraba:

• Ussuri
• Mopwitp Morawitz (Dauria, arewa maso gabashin China).

Hakanan ana samar da bambancin nau'in ta hanyar sifofin ɗan adam na kwaro:

• pygmy sapwood,
• bakin ciki shuɗi,
• saber-takobi

Matakan ci gaba na Birch sapwood

Fitowar kwaro a jikin bishiya, wanda zai zama gidansa, ya faɗi farkon Yuni - tsakiyar Yuli.

Birch sapwood yana zaɓar akwati da rassan bishiyun lokacin farin ciki bayan hunturu ko kuma sakamakon fashewar aikin gona, ciji a cikin su da ƙirƙirar ɗan gajeren sashi, ciyarwa akan ɗan gasa. A nan, a ƙarƙashin haushi, tara a cikin rukuni, zai kasance hunturu. Mace tana da wani aiki na daban: tana buƙatar gnaw kan sashin mahaifa tare da fadada don canjin ciki da na ramuka na masonry.

Yin irin wannan aikin na bukatar himma, saboda haka, mace a yayin aiwatar da wani yanayi na tsara mai zuwa ciyarwa sosai a kan tsiron itace. Bayan haihuwa yana faruwa a cikin lokacin da aka gama, bayan haka mace ta sanya qwai a cikin bayanta kuma ta rufe su da abin toshe kwalaba.

Tunda ya cika aikin sa kuma ya rufe babbar hanyar shigarsa da jikin sa, ya lalace.