Sunan Latin: | Aquila tsabtar |
Squad: | Falconiformes |
Iyali: | Hawk |
Additionallyarin ƙari: | Bayanin jinsunan Turai |
Bayyanar mutum da hali. Mafi girma daga gaggafa a wannan yankin namu na biyu ne da na kwari da kuma farin mikiya. Tsayin Jikin 75-93 cm, fuka-fuki na 180-240 cm Namiji ya kai kilogiram 2.8-4.6, mace - 3.6-6.7 kg. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, amma ba mai yawa ba. Wutsiyar tana da ɗan ƙarami sosai - ƙarshen fikafikan fikafikan tsuntsun da yake zaune ba su isa gefen wutsiyar ba. Gashin tsuntsu “wando” akan kafafu suna da kyau, kafafu suna da iko sosai. Gefen yana da girma, babba. Bakan gizo duhu launin ruwan mace a cikin yarinya da kananan tsuntsaye da launin ruwan kasa a cikin maza.
Bayanin. A cikin tsuntsu mai balagaggen, babban sashin kai, nape da wuya suna da kyau ko zinare; da alama an jefa "hular" gashin fuka-fukan da aka zana akan tsuntsun. Goshi, chin, makogwaro mai duhu. A wutsiya ne launin toka tare da duhu saman da m mai gangara ratsi, da undercoat ne mai wuya. Sauran filawar launin ruwan kasa, da ɗan sauki, tare da inuwa na yumbu a ruwan wukake da kuma firam na sama. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, sabanin sauran gaggafa matasa, suna kama da manya a cikin nau'in launuka, amma mai haske da ƙarin musanyawa - launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da jan-kirkin "mane", farin wutsiya mai launin baki, fari "gibba" a fuka-fukan. Wani lokacin akwai farin streaks akan ciki.
A cikin rigunan matsakaiciyar tsaka, wutsiyar a hankali zata juye launin toka, wuya da kuma manyan reshe na gaba sun haskaka, fararen filayen a jikin fikafikan sun bace Ugo na zinare ya sami kaya ta ƙarshe ta shekaru 6 na rayuwa. Daga mikiya da fararen fari, a kowane zamani, ana bambanta mikiya ta wani ƙaramin gini, tsuntsu mai haɓaka, ba hamma mai tsayi, ba wutsiya mai ɗaukar hoto ba, kuma daga ƙaramin gaggafa - duhu gaba ɗaya, duhu baki, madaida mai launi biyu da wuya (haske saman, duhu mai duhu).
Baya ga ƙasa mafi girma na binnewa, ana rarrabe gaggawar ƙaramar zinare ta ƙarancin ɗanɗano, daga sauran gaggafa, akasin haka, ta hanyar bambancin launi. Yana sauka sosai, ya bambanta da sauran manyan gaggafa a cikin jirgin sama mai tashi sama ta fuskoki mafi tsayi, ƙaramin tsayi sama da ƙwanƙolin ƙyallen da ke gaba, tare da wutsiyar elongated. Gabannin fikafikan sanannen kewaya, “yatsun” gashin fuka-fukai yawancinsu sunfi girma fiye da na wasu tsuntsu-pares, in banda gaggafa da tsuntsayen.
A cikin tsofaffi, filayen-yumɓun haske-yumɓu akan rago na sama da ƙaramin abu na tashi da gashin fuka-fukai ana iya ganin su ga matakai dabam dabam. Birdan yarinyar yana da fararen filayen a ƙarƙashin gashin fuka-fukan, wanda ake iya gani a sama da ƙasa, da kuma wutsiya mai bambantawa. Wannan haɗin halayen ba halayyar wasu manya da ƙananan gaggafa ne na Rasha ta Turai ba.
Kuri'a. Wata tsawa mai karfi "kyak-kyak-kyak", Melodic high trill.
Matsayi na Rarraba. Yankin kiwo ya shafi yawancin Eurasia - daga gandun daji-tundra zuwa Himalayas da Arabia, da arewacin Afirka da mafi yawan Arewacin Amurka. Ko'ina aka rarraba su ba da jimawa ba. A cikin Rasha, yana zaune daga kan iyakokin yamma zuwa Kamchatka, a yawancin yankin Turai kawai fewan gida biyu ne, ya fi yawa a cikin Caucasus. Yawan yana raguwa saboda damuwa, talaucin kayan abinci, da kuma canjin yanayin magabata. An haɗa su a cikin Littafin Littattafai na Rashan da yawancin ƙasashen Turai.
Rayuwa. Yankunan da aka kafa, suna yin ƙaura zuwa kudu don hunturu kawai daga arewacin gefen iyaka. Adheres zuwa gaɓarɓarewar ƙasa, tsaunuka (alama ce ta tsauni zuwa tsawan mita 5,500 sama da matakin teku), ƙafafun ƙafa, a cikin yanki taiga - karkata daga manyan kwari. Hakanan yana faruwa akan yawo a cikin shimfidar wurare masu ƙarancin ƙasa. Yana nisantar gaban mutum.
Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine hares, squirrels, ƙasa, manyan tsuntsaye. An lura da ingantattun hare-hare akan dawakai, barewa, capercaillie, geese. Sau da yawa ciyarwa a kan kaya, musamman a cikin hunturu. Yankin farauta na ma'auratan na iya samun wurin da yafi nisan mil 100. Zai fara yin girma tun yana da shekaru 5-6, wani lokacin ma har yanzu bai gama fitowa daga kayan babban ɗan wasansa ba. Ugo na zinare yana fara kiwo a yankuna na dindindin dogaro da latin yankin daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, kyawawan wasannin iska tare da abubuwan kwalliya da haɓaka abubuwan halayyar ne.
Nau'in gida a saman tsoffin bishiyoyi, a leji da wadatar duwatsun, a kan hasumiyar watsa wutar lantarki ko kuma a hasumiya. Perennial nests na lokacin farin ciki rassan iya isa 1-2 a diamita, daidai tsawo a cikin zuriyar dabbobi - ulu, gashinsa, taki, kore rassan. A cikin kama akwai yawanci 2 fararen qwai tare da duhu aibobi, mace incubates (namiji - lokaci-lokaci) na kwanaki 38-45, duka riguna masu ado suna ba da fata, matasa tsuntsaye tashi daga cikin gida yana da shekaru 10-11 makonni. Yawancin lokaci, kaji daya ne kawai ke tsira kafin tashi. A mazauni, iyaye suna da hankali sosai kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa nuna hamayya ga mutum.
Inda gaggafa take zaune
Golden Eagles na rayuwa ne a sarari a sararin samaniya a Asiya, Afirka, Turai da Amerika. Mafi yawan wuraren tsaunuka an zaɓi wurin zama, kodayake ana iya samun su a filayen. Tun da mikiya ta zinariya tana neman ganima a sararin sama, ta fi son buɗe manyan fili. Yana zaune nesa da mutane, a ƙasashe da yawa an sanya gaggafa ta zinare a cikin littafin Red a matsayin wani nau'in haɗari.
Abin da ke ci mikiya
Ugo na zinare tsuntsu ne na ganima sabili da haka babban abincin abincinsa shine kananan dabbobi da yawa, yawanci waɗannan ƙabilu ne daban-daban: mice filin, bera, huɗun ƙasa, ferrets, hares, martens, squirrels. Wani lokaci manyan gaggafa na gwal suna kaiwa hari har ma da manyan dabbobi kamar su dawakai, barewa, maraƙi har ma da tumaki. Karka damu suna jin daɗin wasu ƙananan tsuntsaye kamar pigeons, ducks, herons, partridges, owls, geese.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa buƙatar yau da kullun gaggafa na abinci don abinci shine kilogiram 1.5 na nama. Koyaya, zai iya jin yunwa har makwanni 5.
Yadda ake farautar gaggafa
Yanayin farautar gaggafa na zinari ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Don haka a cikin yanayi mai kyau, mikiya ta zina zata yi girma a tsayi, tana neman ganima tare da idanuwanta, kuma idan irin wannan ya bayyana a fagen hangen nesan, mikiya tayi sauri ta mutu, ta kama wanda aka azabtar dashi da katsewa, ya karya kashin ko ya buge baki, ya fasa tasoshin jini, kuma tuni ya kwashe gawa zuwa mazaunin ku. A cikin wani hadari mai duhu, gaggafa masu zinari za su jira ganimarsu a cikin wani farauta da ke zaune a saman bishiyoyi. Hakanan kuma, lokacin da abin da ya dace da ganima ya bayyana a kusa, yana aiki akan tsarin guda ɗaya - saurin jefa, an ɗora, da sauransu ...
Abokan Gwanin Zinare
Tun da mikiya na zinari mallaki ne na masu farautar tsari mafi girma, a cikin yanayi na dabi'a bashi da abokin gaba, a cikin sarkar abincin yana da mafi kyawun hanyar haɗi. Abinda kawai ke barazanar da shi shine, ba shakka, mutum, kuma ba ma saboda yana iya farautar gaggafa na zinare ba, amma saboda a cikin mazaunin mutane gaggafa ne basa gida kuma, ana cikin damuwa, har ma zai iya barin gida tare da kajin.
Sake bugun Kafa na Golden Eagles
Uduka masu zaki kamar tsuntsaye ne, suna da aminci a cikin rayuwar su muddin abokin zamansu yana da rai. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kowane nau'i na gaggafa gwal sau da yawa suna da n 2-4 a wurare daban-daban inda suke can dabam a lokuta daban-daban na shekara.
Lokacin damuna don gaggafa-zinare yana farawa a lokacin daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, wanda a lokacin ne maza ke yin jirgi na musamman a gaban mace: domin bugun wanda suka zaba, suna yin ayyukan iska. Wannan na iya zama, alal misali, tashi mai kamar jirgin sama, lokacin da mikiya ta farko ta sami tsayi, sannan tayi sauri ta sauka, a kasan matakin sake samun tsayi da sauransu a cikin da'ira.
Matar ta sanya ƙwai a tsakiyar Afrilu, a cikin ɗayan kwanciya kimanin ƙwai 1-3. Namiji da mata suna kyankyashe su kai tsaye na kwanaki 45. Sannan ana haihuwar kajin yayin da suke karama da suke ciyar da su, kuma baba ya kawo ganima. Icksan kuliyoyin ƙanƙan maraƙi suna haɓaka da girma cikin sauri, kuma bayan kusan watanni shida sun rabu da iyayensu.
Daga zamanin da, mutane suna tarko da wannan tsuntsu na abin farauta a matsayin mai taimaka wa farauta. Kuma kodayake tabbatar da gaggafa-gaggafa a cikin bauta ba shi da sauƙi, duk da haka, farauta da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba tare da haɗuwarsu ta biya matsalolin. Yawancin tsuntsayen matasa an zaɓi su don horo, a hankali suna shaƙe su. Don haka mafaraucin ya sa safar hannu na fata, ya sanya mikiya a kansa ya hau birni tare da shi, ana yin haka ne don tsuntsun ya sami sautinsa da muryar mutane.
A lokaci guda, mikiya na zinari yana iyakance a abinci, suna ciyar da shi kowace rana, a lokaci guda suna lalata shi da dabba mai cushe.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da mikiya
- Ugo na zinare yana da hangen nesa na launi, yana da ikon bambance launuka, kamar mutum, a zahiri, irin wannan ingancin rago ne a duniyar dabba.
- Daga cikin mikiya na zinari irin wannan abin mamaki kamar cin naman mutane yakan faru, sau da yawa tare da rashin abinci, dattijon ya kashe yana cin saurayi.
- Hoton wani gaggafa na zinari wanda yake yin ɗimbin yawa game da suttattun makamai na duniya (kodayake a gare mu, 'yan Ukrainan, abin takaici, kalmar "gaggafa ce" tana ɗaukar ma'anar mummunan yanayin dangane da sanannun abubuwan da suka faru na kwanan nan).