Dawakai wata dabba ce da ta kasance ta gidan canine. A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dawakai. Amma daidai babban dawakai An yi la'akari da wata halitta dabam kuma mai saurin halittar. Ana kiran wannan nau'in saboda haka wakilan sa suna da dogaye, kunne mai tsawo wanda ya kai tsawon santimita 15.
Sunan wannan nau'in a fassara daga Girkanci zuwa yaren Rasha yana nufin "babban, babban jego." A ƙasashe da yawa na Afirka, ana ɗaukar dabbar dabbar dako ce kuma barazana ce ga ƙaramar dabbobi, a wasu wuraren ma ana binta kamar dabbobi.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Fox mafi girma
Gerayar da ta fi girma girma ɗan dabbobi masu shayarwa ce, wakili ne na tsari na dabbobi, dangin canine, an kasafta shi ga ƙabilar halittar ɗan biri.
Manyan xa ean dawakai, kamar sauran wakilan gidan canine, sun fito daga Miacid a ƙarshen Paleocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan hamsin da suka gabata. Bayan haka, gidan gidan wasan can ya kasu kashi biyu: gidan canine da cat-like. Prosperosion tsohuwar tsohuwar magabaci ce babba, harma da sauran dawakai. An gano gawarsa a kudu maso yammacin yankin Texas na zamani.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: dawakai ta dabbobi
A bayyanar, tana da abubuwa iri ɗaya da na dawakai da karnukan karnuka. Kyarma tana da lafiyayyen halitta da gajeru, gajerun ƙafafu. Kafafun gaba suna da yatsun kafa biyar, wato hudun yatsa hudu. A kan cinyarsa mai tsayi ne, kaifi mai kaifi, ya kai santimita biyu da rabi a tsayi. Suna yin aikin kayan aikin digging.
Murfin dabbar yana da karami, da alama, da elongated. Murfin yana da zagaye, mai bayyana fuskokin launuka masu launi. Yana da nau'ikan masar da aka yi da duhu, kusan baƙar fata. Earsaya kunnuwa da launuka iri ɗaya. Kunnuwa suna da girma, suna da siffa mai kusurwa uku, gajeru kunkuntar zuwa gefuna. Idan dawakai ta ninka su, zasuyi saurin rufe duk kan dabbar. Bugu da kari, cikin kunnuwan ne aka saka yawan adadin hanyoyin jini, wanda ya ceci dawakai daga matsanancin zafi a cikin tsananin tsananin zafi da zafin Afirka.
Ba a rarrabe dabbar da ta fi girma-girma ta ƙarfi, jaws mai ƙarfi ko manyan hakora. Tana da hakora 48, gami da 4 hakora da hakora. Hakora ƙanana ne, amma godiya ga wannan tsari na muƙamuƙin dabba dabbar ta iya tauna abinci nan take kuma cikin ɗimbin yawa.
Tsawon jikin mutum daya ya kai rabin mita. Tsawon tsinkayen ba ya ƙare santimita arba'in. Tsarin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin kilo 4-7. Yin sakaci a Jima'i shine sakaci. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayi, wutsiya mai faɗi. Tsawonsa kusan daidai yake da tsawon jiki kuma ya kai santimita 30-40. Matsakaicin wutsiya shine mafi yawan lokuta a cikin nau'i na farin goge baki.
Launi na dabba shima baya ɗaya da na yawancin dawakai. Yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, na iya samun launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Rufin yatsun duhu, ko baƙi, wuya da ciki sune hasken rawaya, fari.
A ina ne dawakai mafi girma suke zaune?
Hoto: Fox mafi girma
Dawakai masu dafe-dafe-manya suna zaune ne a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi da yanayin yanayi a cikin Afirka. Sun zauna a cikin savannas, yankuna na gaba, a ƙasa wanda akwai katako mai tsayi da ciyayi, ciyayi, gandun daji masu haske. Suna da mahimmanci don dabbobi su iya ɓoyewa daga tsananin zafin rana da zafi, haka kuma a ɓoye su daga mafarauta da abokan gaba.
Gidajen dawakai
A cikin mazaunin babban dawakai-fure, tsawo na ciyayi kada ya wuce santimita 25-30. In ba haka ba, ba za su iya samun isasshen abinci da kwari daga ƙasa ba. Idan babu isasshen abinci a yankin da dabbobi ke rayuwa, za su nemi wani wurin zama, inda zan iya ciyar ba tare da wahala ba.
Yana amfani da rami a zaman. Koyaya, baƙon abu bane waɗannan wakilan gidan canine su haƙa mafaka kansu. Suna amfani da burrows wanda wasu wakilai na duniyar dabba suke haƙa, amma saboda wasu dalilai basa zama. Mafi yawan rana, galibi da rana, sukan ɓoye cikin ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa mai sanyi. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu shine burushi na aardvark, wanda kusan kowace rana suna haƙa sabon gida don kansu.
Saboda yaduwar gandun daji, dayan manyan dawakai suka kasu kashi biyu. Ofayansu yana zaune a yankin gabashin Afirka daga Sudan zuwa tsakiyar Tanzania, na biyu - a ɓangaren sa na kudu daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Angola.
Me manyan dawakai masu haɓaka suke ci?
Hoto: Fox mafi girma
Duk da cewa manyan dawakai masu dabbaka dabbobi dabbobi ne masu cin gashin kansu, babban abinda yake basu abinci shine bashi da nama. Abin mamaki, suna ciyar da kwari. Abinda aka fi so shine gwanaye.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Adultaya daga cikin manya yana cin kusan miliyan miliyan 1.2 a shekara.
Wadannan wakilan gidan canine suna da hakora 48. Duk da wannan, karfin muƙamansu ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin muƙaman sauran mafarautan. Anyi bayanin wannan ta hanyar cewa ba mafarauta bane, kuma basa buƙatar cin nama, ci gaba dauto su raba shi kashi-kashi. Madadin haka, yanayi ya basu sakamakon iya cin abincin kusan kai tsaye. Tabbas, don jikewa, dabba tana buƙatar ɗumbin kwari.
Dabba tana amfani da kunnuwa don neman abinci. Suna iya ɗaukar ƙaramin sautin motsi na kwari har ma da ƙasa. Bayan da ya kama sautin da ya saba, dabbar nan take ta tono qasa tare da karfi, dogayen kayoyi da cin kwari.
Menene tushen abinci:
- Termites
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari,
- Juicy, matasa harbe na shuke-shuke,
- Tushen
- Larvae
- Kwari, kwari,
- Kudan zuma
- Gizo-gizo
- Kunama
- Lizards
- Kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa waɗannan wakilan na gidan canine hakoran zaki ne. Suna son cin zuma daga ƙudan zuma na daji da kuma 'ya'yan itace mai ɗorewa. A gaban irin waɗannan abincin na iya cinye su na dogon lokaci.
A cikin duka tarihin mazaunan na Afirka, ba a taɓa yin rikodin sau ɗaya ba na kai hari kan dabbobin gida ba. Wannan gaskiyar tana tabbatar da cewa da gaske ba mafarauta bane. Fuka-fukai ba sa zuwa wurin da za a yi ruwa, tunda ana buƙatar buƙatar danshi ta hanyar cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauran kayan abinci masu daɗin rai na asalin tsiro.
Suna neman abinci galibi a cikin duhu saboda tsananin zafin. A cikin neman abinci, sun sami damar shawo kan manyan nisa - kilomita 13-14 a kowace dare.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Big-Eared Fox daga Afirka
Waɗannan wakilan gidan canine suna jagorantar rayuwa mai ɓarna, ɓatacciyar hanya. Suna dacewa da yankin ya dogara da yawan abinci. Tare da lalacewa, suna matsawa zuwa wasu wurare.
Fuka-fukai suna da aladar aure a cikin yanayi. Maza sun zaɓi mace da za su zauna tare da rayuwarsu. Ma'aurata suna zaune tare a cikin rami ɗaya, suna kwance a gefe, ku taimaki junan su, ya kuma kiyaye ta. Akwai maganganun lokacin da maza suke rayuwa tare tare da mata biyu, suna haifar da nau'in ƙira.
A cikin halayen da ba a san su ba, za su iya rayuwa cikin rukuni. Kowane iyali ko rukuni suna da yankin da suke zaune, wanda yakai kadada 70-80. Ba halin halayyar alamar yankinsu da kare haƙƙin mallaka ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. A dabi'ance, manyan dawakai-manya masu dauke da dabbobi shiru, amma suna bayyanar da sadarwa ta kowace hanya ta hanyar baza wasu sauti. Zasu iya yin saututtuka guda tara tara. Bakwai daga cikinsu suna ƙasa, kuma an tsara su don sadarwa tare da danginsu, biyu suna da daraja sosai kuma ana amfani dasu don sadarwa tare da abokan hamayya da gasa.
Idan dabbobi ba za su sami rami kyauta ba, sai su tono abinsu. A lokaci guda, suna kama da ɗakunan ɗakuna na ainihi tare da ƙofofin da yawa da kuma wuraren fita, babban ɗakuna da yawa. Idan masu kaddara zasu iya gano ramin, dan akuya da sauri suka bar matsugunansu kuma suka tono wata sabuwar, babu ƙarami da babba.
Idan dawakai ta zama abun nema daga gefen maharbanta, to da gangan ta tashi sama, ta koma cikin ciyawa ko ciyawa, sannan kuma ta canza yanayin ta, tana jujjuya daya daga cikin kan gaba. Irin wannan rawar za ta ba ka damar kula da sauri da nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa cikin ɗayan ɗakunan maganganun mafaka. Hakanan, yana da asali a cikin dabbobi su rikitar da mafarauta, su dawo ta hanyar da suke bi.
Ayyukan yau da kullun ya dogara da yanayin. A cikin matsanancin zafi, zafi yafi aiki a duhu, kuma a cikin hunturu shima yana aiki da rana.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Fox-eared
Dawakai-manya masu girma-mace masu aure ne da yawa, kuma suka zauna da mace ɗaya duk rayuwarsu. Koyaya, akwai lokuta lokacin da maza suka zaɓi mace biyu kuma suka zauna tare da su. Haka kuma, suna samun salama tare da juna, suna taimakawa wajen kula da zuriyar.
Kwayar mace ta mace na wani kankanin lokaci - kwana daya kawai. A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin ne mutane ke sarrafa abokin tarayya har zuwa lokacin dozin. An haifi dawakai sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacin haila yakai kwanaki 60-70. Ana haihuwar sa'yan lokacin da damana ke kan yankin ƙasashen Afirka, kuma adadi mai yawa na kwari sun zama dole don ciyar da mata da sa.
Mafi yawa daga jarirai daya zuwa biyar ana haihuwar su. Namiji yana aiki mai amfani wajen kulawa da su. Yana kare rami, yana samar musu abinci, yana taimakawa kulawa da ulu. Idan akwai mata biyu, na biyu shima yana taimakawa wajen ciyar da su. An haife su makaho, tsirara kuma marasa taimako. Matar tana da cinno huɗu ne kawai, sabili da haka ba ta da ikon ciyar da adadin adadin karnuka masu yawa. Sau da yawa akwai yanayi yayin da ita kanta ke kashe ƙananan yara marasa ƙarfi.
Hangen nesa ya bayyana a cikin Foxes a rana ta tara zuwa ta goma. Makonni biyu baya, bar ramin kuma bincika sararin da ke kusa. A wannan gaba, jikin dabbobi yana rufe da launin shuɗi. Milks suna ciyar da madara uwa har zuwa makonni 15. Bayan wannan, sun canza gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin da aka saba da tsofaffi. A hankali koya don samun nasu abincin. Lokacin balaga ya fara ne daga watanni 7-8. A wasu halaye, 'yan mata matasa suna cikin ƙungiyar.
Abokan halitta na manyan dawakai
Hoto: Mafi Girma Fox
A vivo, maƙiyan wannan wakilin gidan canine sune:
Babban haɗari ga jama'a shine mutum, tunda ya ke kashe dabbobi don ya sami nama, haka ma ƙarancin dabbar da ba ta taɓa samu ba. A adadi mai yawa, dawakai da aka lalata. Individualsan matasa waɗanda tsofaffin mutane basu kula da su na ɗan lokaci ba galibi suna iya fuskantar halaka. Ba wai kawai manyan masu farauta ba, har ma da tsuntsayen da ke cinye su.
Da mahimmanci yana rage yawan cututtukan dabbobi kamar su. Manyan xa ean dawakai, kamar sauran wakilan gidan canine, suna iya kamuwa da wannan cutar. Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na mutanen da suke cikin wannan yankin suna mutuwa daga gare shi duk shekara.
Malamai masu yawa suna lalata dabbobi, baya ga su ativesan asalin ƙasa da sauran ƙasashen na Afirka na farauta a kan dawakai. Fur yana cikin babban buƙata da ƙima, kuma ana ɗaukar nama a matsayin ainihin ci a cikin ɗakunan abinci na gida.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Fox mafi girma
Zuwa yau, an rage yawan dabbobi da muhimmanci. Masu bincike - likitocin dabbobi sun ce ba a yi musu barazanar rushewa ba. A cikin wannan haɗin, ba a jera su a cikin littafin farko ba kuma ba a farautarsu a matakin majalisa ba.
A zamanin baya, yawan dabbobi suna da yawa a gabashi da kudanci na yankin Afirka. Koyaya, yau an lalata su sosai a yankuna da yawa. A cikin su akwai barazanar bacewar su gaba daya.
Koyaya, masanan dabbobi sun yi jayayya cewa tare da fadada filayen noma, yankin kiwo mai yawa ya karu, wanda ya fadada yanki mai rarraba tushen tushen fox na tushen abinci mai gina jiki. Dangane da haka, a cikin irin wadannan yankuna adadin manyan dawakai masu yawa ya karu zuwa mutum 25 zuwa 25 a kowace murabba'in kilomita daya. Wannan lambar misali ce ga wasu yankuna na Afirka ta Kudu.
A wasu yankuna, yawan waɗannan wakilan gidan canine sun ragu sosai - daga mutane 1 zuwa 7 a kowace murabba'in kilomita ɗaya. Masu bincike suna jayayya cewa babban haɗari shi ne lalata wani muhimmin ɓangare na yanayin ƙasa, wanda, idan an lalata shi gaba ɗaya, ba zai iya dawo da shi ba. Hakanan, tare da rage adadin dawakai, adadin adadin tururuwa yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da haɗari ga jama'ar yankin.
Babbar Madaidaiciya Fox dabbobi ne masu kyawu da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, adadinsa a cikin yanayin ƙasa yana ragu sosai. Idan ba a dauki matakan da suka dace don adanawa da dawo da alkalumma ba, sakamakon da ba zai iya zama zai iya faruwa ba.
Habitat
A matsayin mazauni, waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son yanayi mai zafi. Sun bazu sosai a yankin na Afirka. Suna zaune a cikin savannas da steppes, inda akwai ciyayi masu tsayi da ciyayi. Godiya garesu, dabbobi na iya ɓoyewa daga zafin da yake sanyawa. A can suka ɓoye a wurin abokan gabansu.
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Babban mazaunin manyan dawakai-dawakai:
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- SAURAN AFRIKA,
- Botswana,
- Zimbabwe,
- Zambiya,
- Sudan,
- Mozambique.
An kuma samo su a Kenya, Habasha. Uganda, Somalia da Lisote.
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A cikin mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi, ciyawar ba ta wuce santimita 30 ba, saboda in ba haka ba zai zama mafi wuya a gare su su sami abincin kansu. Idan babu ƙananan abinci a yankunansu, suna ƙaura zuwa wani yanki.
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Abinci mai gina jiki
Dawakai-manya masu tsalle-tsalle dabbobi ne masu cin gashin kansu wadanda ke ciyar da kwari gabaɗaya. Tushen abincinsu yana kunshe da maganan abinci. Guda ɗaya ne mai daɗaɗɗu ya ci har sama da miliyan ɗaya a shekara. Duk da cewa hakora 48 suna cikin tarkunan dabbobi, basu dace da cin manyan dabbobi ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa su ba mafarauta bane, don haka babu buƙata a gare su su ci nama kuma su kiyaye wanda aka azabtar. Koyaya, suna narke abincin da suke ci cikin sauri. Kunnuwa na taimaka musu wajen samun kwari, waɗanda suke kama sautin kwari na kwari har ma da ƙasa. Da zaran babban dawakai ya ji sauti, sai yayi hanzari ya haƙa ƙasa da dunƙulensa ya ci ɗan kwari.
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Baya ga kalmomin lokaci, wannan ganyayyakin suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsirrai, ƙwaya, da larvae. Gaskiya mai ban mamaki cewa waɗannan wakilan suna son abinci mai daɗi. Sau da yawa suna iya cin zuma da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
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Binciken abinci yana farawa da dare, saboda a cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi ba su iya zama a cikin sarari a cikin dogon lokaci. A cikin dare suna tafiya kilomita 14.
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Lokacin kiwo
Ga wakilan manyan dawakai, auren mata daya halaye ne. Ma’auratan da aka kirkira sun kusan tsawon rayuwarsu. Akwai maganganun da maza suke zaune tare da mata da yawa. A lokacin estrus, wanda ya kasance kwana ɗaya, mutane zasu iya yin aure sau da yawa. An haifi dawakai sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacin shiryawa zai kai kwanaki 70. Haihuwar san sandar yakan faru ne a lokacin damina. A wannan lokacin, mafi yawan adadin kwari don abinci ya bayyana. Mafi yawan lokuta, ba a haife jarirai sama da 5 ba. Namiji yana taka rawar gani a cikin tarbiyyar su. Ya tsare ramin, ya nemi abinci ya kuma kula da su.
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Da farko, dawakai 'yan kanana ne da marasa taimako. Ana ganinsu a rana ta 10 na rayuwa.Makonni biyu baya, za su iya barin ramukarsu kuma su bincika yankin. A wannan lokacin, an riga an rufe su da launin toka. Har zuwa sati 15 suna cin abinci madara mace. Bayan haka a hankali sukan canza zuwa abincin da suka girma. Suna yin jima'i da shekaru 8 da haihuwa.
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Abokan gaba
Hadarin manyan dawakai masu fiɗa girma ana haifar da su ta hanyar Pythons, cheetahs, dodon, zakuna da jakoki. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta cutar da ta fi girma ita ce aikin ɗan adam. Sau da yawa ana kashe waɗannan dabbobin don samun nama da Jawo. Ragowar su suna cikin tsananin bukatar. Mafi yawan lokuta matasa dabbobi suna wahala daga dabbobi. Sun zama tsuntsayen da ke cin naman dabbobi da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
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Wani muhimmin mahimmanci don rage lambobin su shine rabies. Suna iya kamuwa da wannan cuta, wacce ke kashe kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duk dabbobi masu cutar.
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Rayuwa
Waɗannan dabbobin suna sanannar rayuwa ta ƙaura a cikin kewayonsu. Suna sauri daidaita da sabon yanayin. Kowane irin dabbobi da wata kungiya da aka shirya suna da matsayinta ta kai kadada 80. Koyaya, halin yan ƙasarsu ba sabon abu bane.
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Kamar yadda wuraren zama, manyan dawakai masu kafaffun fure suna sanye da kayan ado wanda yayi kama da kayan ɗaki. Idan dabbar da ba ta yi farauta ba ta sami mafaka, to, za su bar shi su fara shirya sabon wuri.
Otocyon megalotis (Desmarest, 1822)
Rarraba: ya kasu kashi biyu na allopathic, arewaci (O. m. Virgatus) - Gabashin Afirka daga Habasha, Somalia da Kudancin Sudan ta hanyar Kenya zuwa Tanzania, kudanci (O. m. Megalotis) - Afirka ta Kudu daga Kudancin Zambia da Kudancin Angola zuwa Afirka ta Kudu , gabas zuwa Mozambique, Botswana da Zimbabwe, yamma zuwa Tekun Atlantika.
Countriesasashe Range: Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Afirka ta Kudu.
Karamin wakilin canines mai kafafu na bakin ciki, dogo mai tsayi da kuma manyan kunnuwa. Maza (4.1 kg) sun fi maza ƙarfi (3.9 kg) (3.9 kilogram a matsakaita ga dukkan mazajen) duk da cewa mace tana ɗaukar nauyin Botswana kaɗan fiye da maza.
Shugaban, baya da babba kafafu suna launin toka. Zzlearfin baƙar fata yana kan baki da fari a garesu. A kirji da ƙananan jikin kewayon daga kodadde zuwa zuma rawaya. Kunnuwa fari ne a ciki. Gefen baya na kunnuwa, gaban maƙarƙashiya, abin rufe fuska, gaban ƙafafun gaban da ƙananan ɓangarorin kafafun kafa, tsakiyar yankin ƙashi na wutsiya baƙi ne. Yankakke mai yatsu mai fa'ida ya fara daga goshin zuwa zuwa babba da babba na 3/4 na gaban kunnuwa. A cikin wasu mutane, tsararren tsakiyar mediya yana gudana a baya. Daga m zuwa zuma, Jawo yakan rufe ƙananan muƙamuƙin daga ƙarshen ƙyallen kuma ya shimfiɗa ta cikin makogwaro, kirji zuwa ƙananan jikin. Launin tsofaffin mutane ne paler. Jawo a jiki da wutsiya mai laushi da taushi, a ɓangarorin sama gashin yana da baki a gindi tare da farin tukwici waɗanda ke ba mayafin launin toka ko launin toka. A bangarorin suna da rawaya mai haske. Jirgin saman da ke jikin na sama yana da tsawon kusan 30 mm, kuma ragowar gashin tsananin fur yana kusan mm 55, tare da gashin kansa masu warwatse (har zuwa 65 mm).
Yaran 46-50, wanda shine mafi girma ga kowane dabbobi masu shayarwa marasa lalacewa.
Matan suna da nono 4-6.
Lambar kwayar halitta ta diflomasiyya 2n = 72 ce.
Tsawon kai da jiki (an haɗa filayen) 46-66 cm, tsawon wutsiya 23-34 cm, tsayin kafada 30-40 cm, tsayin kunne 11.3-13.5 mm, nauyi 3,0-5.3.
Wani nau'in fox na Afirka ta Kudu (Vulpes chama) yana da ɗan ƙarami, yana da ƙananan ɓangarori masu launin shuɗi-ƙananan, ƙananan ƙananan daga fari zuwa kodadde launin shuɗi, kai da baya na kunnuwa masu launin ja, babu baki akan bango, wutsiyar ta yi kauri, wutsiya kawai baƙar fata ce.
Bangaren rarrabuwar kai a cikin m da kuma m yankuna na gabashin da kuma Kudancin Afirka a cikin mutane biyu masu hankali (wakiltar keɓaɓɓun gwamnatocinsu), raba kusan 1000 km. Wataƙila an haɗa jeri biyu a lokacin Pleistocene. Wannan rarraba rarrabawa ya yi kama da yanki na earthwolf (Proteles cristatus) da kuma jan baki kai (Canis mesomelas). Faduwar yaduwar a cikin Kudancin Afirka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sakamakon canje-canje a cikin hazo.
Kamannin ya zama ruwan dare a wuraren kiyayewa a Kudancin da Gabashin Afirka, ba kasafai ba a yankuna masu bushewa da kan gonaki a Afirka ta Kudu, inda a wasu lokuta ake korar su. A tsakanin iyakantaccen mazaunin, adadin zai iya kasancewa daga babba zuwa mara wuya gwargwadon yawan ruwan sama, wadataccen abinci, matakin kiwo da cuta.
A kudu maso yammacin Kalahari, yalwar na iya canzawa akan lokaci: ƙididdigar yau da kullun a kan iyakar busasshiyar 21 kilomita kusan mil 10 10 zuwa 7-140 mutane, i.e. 0.7-14 a kowace km². A cikin Limpopo, Afirka ta Kudu, yawanta shine fox 5.7 a kowace kilomita ², kuma a cikin makusantan Yanayin Mashatu, Botswana, dawakai 9.2 a cikin km² a cikin lokutan kiwo da 2.2 fos da km² a wasu lokuta. A cikin Tushen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, Free State, Afirka ta Kudu, yawancin ya tashi daga fuka-fukai 0.3-0.5 a cikin km² a cikin shekaru uku, yayin da yake kan gonaki biyu a tsakiyar Karoo, North Cape, yawaitar 1.1-2.0 foxes da km². Serengeti ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa na 0.3-1.0 foxes a cikin km².
Dawakai-manya masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna sabawa da abincin da aka fi cinyewa. Manyan kunnun da aka yi amfani da su don gano kwari sune mafi daidaituwa ga ilimin halittar dabbobi kuma suna da aikin thermoregulation. Ciyar da kwayar cutar ta shafi lamba da siffar fox hakora.
Rarrabawa jiga-jigan manyan dawakai da magabatansu Hodotermes da Microhodotermes sun mamaye kashi 95%. Termites (Hodotermes mossambicus) suna sama da kashi 80 zuwa 90 na abincin. A wuraren da ba tare da Hodotermes ba, dawakai sukan cinye sauran nau'ikan tari, Odontotermes shima yaci abinci sama da 90% na abinci a sassan Kenya. Sauran hanyoyin da aka cinye sun hada da tururuwa (Hymenoptera), gwoza (Coleoptera), crickets da ciyawa (Orthoptera), millipedes (Myriapoda), kuliyoyi da ire-iren ire-irensu (Lepidoptera), kunama (Scorpionida) da phalanx (Solifugae). Hakanan an haɗo su cikin abincin sune tsuntsaye, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba zato ba tsammani suna cin ciyawa yayin ciyar da kwari. Berries, tsaba da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa daji an riga an cinye su da gangan. Lokacin da aka kunna berries, manyan dawakai daga kogo kai tsaye suna zuwa wurin da suka sani kuma suna cin 'ya'yan itacen. Ganimawar tsuntsaye da cin dako babbar dama ce, ba fifiko ba. An hana su cinye tirinervoides na tsibirin, wadanda aka hada su da mai sannan kuma aka hada su da abubuwan da ake ci, saboda a hakikanin gaskiya ba su yarda da kariyar sunadarai ta kariya daga sojojin ba.
Adadin daban-daban na taxa a cikin abincin ya bambanta lokaci-lokaci. A cikin Serengeti, dusar ƙwallafa itace tushen abinci a lokacin damina, lokacin da ma'anar ma'ana ta ragu. Lokacin da akwai 'yan kaɗan daga biyun, ƙwanƙwarar ƙwayar fata yawanci ana haife su daga ƙasa.
Marancin tsutsa da ƙamshin tsuntsaye sun zama ruwan dare a wuraren da kabilu ke da yawa, kuma bambance-bambance na cikin gida mai girma H. mossambicus sun yi daidai da girman yankin da dawakai suka mallaka. Yawan yawaitar fitowar daga mazaunin Hodotermes yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da al'adu daban-daban da na haihuwa, kamar girman zuriyar dabbobi da na mace. Kodayake ana iya biyan bukatun abincin dabbobi ta wurin yawan danshi ko kwari a cikin bazara a Kudancin Afirka, ruwa muhimmi ne a yayin shayarwa. Kodayake, wasu majiyoyin sun nuna cewa ba'a lura da dawakai na shan ruwa daga matattarar ruwa ba.
Ba a lura da cewa manyan dawakai da suka fi girma suka boye abinci mai yawa ko kuma farauta fiye da abin da za su ci. A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, yawanci suna barin ragowar naman.
Hanyar ciyarwa ya dogara da nau'in ganima, amma galibi ana samun abinci ta hanyar motsin motsi da sauri, yana sa hancinsa ƙasa da ɗaga kunnuwan sa a gaba. Matsayin ganima shine mafi ƙarancin sauti da gani da ƙanshin suna da ƙaramar rawar aiki. Canje-canje a cikin yau da kullun da kuma lokacin samarwa na H. mossambicus kai tsaye yana shafar tsarin ayyukan fox. A Gabashin Afirka, galibi ne ake ciyar da dare. A Kudancin Afirka, ciyarwar dare a lokacin rani sannu a hankali ya canza zuwa kusan yawan ciyar da rana a lokacin hunturu, yana nuna canje-canje a ayyukan H. mossambicus. A lokacin rana, kololuwar ayyukan ciyarwa yayi daidai da girman ayyukan kwari. Yawan zafin rai da ciyarwa sunada girman ciyarwa fiye da yaduwar insectsa insectsa da yawa (misali larva na gwoza ko ciyawa).
A cikin Serengeti, bayan sun bar kogonsu da yamma, ƙungiyoyi sukanyi sintiri da gidajen Hodotermes da suka sani a yankinsu. Lokacin ciyarwa a shafukan yanar gizo, membobin rukunin suna ciyar da kusanci da juna, amma lokacin da suke ciyar da bishiyoyin, ƙwararrun ƙwaro ko ciyayi, zasu iya raba har zuwa 200 m da juna. Membobin rukunin suna tattaunawa da juna a bangarorin abinci mai wadataccen tare da saurin magana.
Babu rajista don tsinkayar dabbobi. Koyaya, a Afirka ta Kudu, manyan fuka-fukai sukan yi kuskure wasu lokuta don masu ƙyamar maƙarƙashiya yayin da suke ciyar da kwandunan kwari da gawawwakin raguna.
Mafi yawanci ana samun sa a cikin ciyayi tare da ɗan gajeren ciyawa (tsayin ciyawa 100-250 mm) kuma a cikin savannas a cikin m da m-m yankuna, amma lokacin da aka yi barazanar, suna ɓoye a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi ko ciyawa mai yawa. A lokacin iska mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi sukan nemi mafaka a cikin ciyayi ko a cikin rami mai zaman kansa. Dawakai suna sake ramuka masu data kasance suna amfani da kananan ramuka don ɓoyewa daga rana a tsakiyar rana. Fi son ƙasa ko ciyawa, wanda aka gajarta ta hanyar waje kiwo ko ƙonewa, a Afirka Ta Kudu sau da yawa suna hutawa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin Acacia.
Ayyuka na iya zama dare ko na dare, gwargwadon yanayi da yanayi. Ayyukan yau da kullun suna da alaƙa da ayyukan kwari, musamman ma na ɗoki. Dawakai daga busasshen Kogin Nossob (Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, Afirka ta Kudu) sun ciyar da kashi 70-90% na ciyar da lokacinsu, amma ayyukansu sun bambanta a tsawon shekara. A cikin hunturu, ƙungiyoyi da fox a cikin tasho suna aiki yayin rana, duk mutanen da aka lura da su cikin dare suna bacci. A cikin lokutan bazara na Afirka ta Kudu na Disamba da Janairu, yanayin ayyukan ya canza.
Girman mãkirci na gida wanda aka yiwa rajista yayi daga 0.3 zuwa 3.5 km². Gidajen rukuni na rukuni suna nuna mahimmin ko ƙarami na ɓangaren sashi akan wani. Fi son wanda aka tara ganima (mazauna yankuna), wannan yakan haifar da ƙima da ƙananan wuraren gida yayin da aka ciyar da magina (15-19 dawakai tsakanin 0.5-5.3 km²) fiye da lokacin da sauran ganima suka cinye. Gidajen gida suna ƙanƙantar da lokacin lokacin bazara na Afirka ta Kudu, lokacin da ma'adinan ƙasa suka girka abinci mai yawa fiye da lokacin bazara.
Girman rukuni ya bambanta da lokacin shekara kuma jeri daga 2 zuwa 15 dawakai. Mahaifin yana kiyaye kogo da 'yan kwikwiyo, yayin da mahaifiyar take ciyar da nono madara. Rukunin dangi suna ciyar da juna daga Disamba zuwa Yuli, bayan haka sai su rabu. Mafi yawan kungiyoyin 2 mutane. Manyan ofungiyoyin manya sun ƙunshi iyaye da zuriyarsu. Ba a san nau'i-nau'i da kungiyoyi ba a cikin tsarin kiwo na gaba a wannan yankin. Wannan yana nufin cewa dawakai masu girma-manya basa amfani da wannan yanki na shekararsu zuwa shekara. A cikin lokacin kiwo, idan ciyawa tayi tsayi da yawa, dawakai suka bar kawunansu.
A Kudancin Afirka suna zaune a ma'aurata masu aure tare da 'ya' yansu, yayin da a gabashin Afirka keɓaɓɓun ƙungiyoyin iyali waɗanda suka ƙunshi namiji kuma har zuwa mata kusan 3 na da kusancinsu suna zama tare da 'ya'yansu. Yin haifuwa na faruwa lokaci-lokaci da kuma gida, saboda haihuwar tayi daidai da ruwan sama da yawaitar kwari. Lokacin kiwo shine daga Yuni zuwa Satumba a Serengeti, a cikin Janairu a Uganda. Sake haifuwa na iya faruwa a shekara shekara a sassan Gabashin Afirka. A Kalahari, kirkirar nau'i-nau'i yana faruwa a watan Yuli da Agusta, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da halayen alamar yankin. A Gabashin Afirka, an haifi 'yan kwikwiyo daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, a Kalahari daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Haihuwar a Botswana na faruwa ne daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba.
Mating yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa (har zuwa 10 copulations a kowace rana), tare da copulative clumping zai kasance kimanin minti 4, wani nau'i na wasan bayan copulative ya biyo baya.
Ma'aurata masu kiwo suna haƙa ramin ko kuma sun sake zama kogon wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa (alal misali, maƙiyinta Pedetes spp., Aardvarks, har ma da tatsuniyar ƙyallen motsi da ƙwarƙwarar fatarar Phacochoerus spp.). Hannun layi na iya samun ƙofofin da yawa, ɗakuna da rafukai har zuwa tsawon 3 m kuma ana iya amfani dashi don kare kan masu ƙaddara da abubuwa (alal misali, daga ambaliyar ruwa, matsanancin yanayin zafi), musamman yara ƙanana. Wasu lokuta ana yin yawo a tsakanin lambobi, kuma a cikin jakunkunan Serengeti suna amfani da “ɗakunan ciyarwa" don kare thean'uwan a sassa daban daban na yankin. Ana kulawa da logs a hankali cikin duk shekara, sau da yawa ta tsararraki daban-daban. Za'a iya rarraba mahallin Natal: a kudu maso yamma na Kalahari a 1976, an samo ɓoye shida a kan babban taswirar kilomita 0.5 0.5, kuma kowane ɗayan ya mallaki ma'aurata da kuma miji biyu 2-3 (duka 16). Nan kusa akwai fam biyu.
Litter sau ɗaya a shekara, tare da haihuwa daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, bayan daukar ciki kwanaki 60-75. Girman litter ya tashi daga 1 zuwa 6, a cikin Serengeti an kai kimanin 2.56. Bornan jarirai masu nauyin daga 99-142 g. Arean ƙananan ppan pp an tsutsoto suna girma a cikin ramin, daga baya a waje A karo na farko 'yan' ya 'yan kuya sun bayyana a taƙaice daga kogon lokacin da suka kai kwanaki 8-12.
Namiji yana yawan ciyar da 'ya' yansa fiye da mace. Yana kula da su, suna wasa, yana kare su kuma daga masu hasara. Gudummawar mahaifa don haɓaka zuriya a lokacin shayarwa yana da yawa, amma saboda abincin kwari, ba zai iya, kamar yadda aka saba, kula da kwikwiyo. Koyaya, babban matakin kulawar iyaye na maza yana bawa mata damar sanya lokacin ciyar dasu, wanda aka iyakance ta karamin, kayan abinci masu warwatse. Rashin daidaituwa a tsakanin mata da maza na zama mara ma'ana bayan an daina shayar da madara (a makwanni 10-15), wanda a kudu maso yammacin Kalahari na faruwa ne bayan an fara ruwan sama da kwari da yawa.
Calan marayu suna ciyar da yaran marayu da ke jagorarsu, kuma a cikin Serengeti, iyaye sun sauƙaƙe damar amfani da ƙananan cuban marayu zuwa rukunin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na H. mossambicus ta hanyar aikawa da calan maruƙa daga kogon mahaifa zuwa “adadin dare.
Tushen dangin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa watan Yuni mai zuwa, lokacin da matasa suka bar shafin, kuma ma'auratan suna tare tare har abada. Yawancin matasa sun watse kimanin shekaru. 5-6 watanni, amma balaga ya zo daga baya kadan, a watanni 8-9. Wasu matasa mata suna kasancewa tare da danginsu don kiwo.
Mafi yawan kwari kuma basa kawo ganima zuwa titin.
Madadin haka, matasa manya kan kawo ganima daga shinge. Gabaɗaya, 'yan kwikwiyo sun dogara sosai da madara.
Manya manyan dawakai dabbobi ne na mutane. Suna ciyar da ƙungiyoyi, da wuya wuce 200 m daga juna kuma galibi suna kan nesa nesa da 30 m a wuraren buɗe. Ku huta tare kuma galibi kuyi wa juna dariya. Ciyarwar dangi ta hanyar dangi tsari shine dabarun fada da magabata da kuma hanyar amfani da kwari.
Haɗu cikin ƙungiya mai haɗari al'amari ne da ya zama ruwan dare a 'yan kuya-maza da manya; A yayin wannan taron na kusa, ofan kare guda ɗaya yakan kasance akan abin jingina ga wani. Yayin sadarwar juna, abin da aka mayar da hankali shi ne kan fuska. Nisantar da juna shine babbar hanyar saduwa tsakanin mutane. Membobin rukunin na iya tara tara a cikin dare ko da sanyin safiya, don kada su daskare, ko don guje wa zafi. Suna taruwa a sararin sama, sannan suna kwantawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban don sauƙaƙe gano maharan. Lokacin da manya suka koma kogon, puan yaruka sukan lamuransu kuma suna ciji fuskokinsu, amma fesawa baya faruwa. Wannan halin yana dauke da shi har ya kai ga balaga.
Manya da matasa na shiga cikin wasannin, yawanci bayan hutu ko ciyarwa. Wasan na iya zama ya zama ɗan gajere ko ya ɗauki 'yan mintoci kaɗan. Yawancin lokaci wasa yana ƙunshe da bi, ba sau da yawa yake faɗa.
A cikin sadarwa, alamun gani da motsa jikin suna da matukar muhimmanci. Mahimmin hanyoyin abubuwan gani na gani sune muck, yankin ido (mask), kuma musamman kunnuwa da wutsiya. Yayin da dawakai suka ta da ido sosai da wani abu (alal misali, ga kowane nau'in halittar sa ko na jaket), kansa yana riƙe da kansa, idanun sa a buɗe, kunnuwansu suna kan hanya kuma ana zuwa gaba, bakinsa yana rufe. Lokacin da aka bayyana tsoro ko biyayya, alal misali, lokacin da maharbi ko wasu tsoffin dawakai suka gabato, sai kunnuwa suka koma baya kuma an kasa rage kai. An canza wannan magana da grin tare da saukar da kai.
Tiparfin baƙar fata da igiya daga cikin wutsiya suna tasiri ga sigina. Matsayin wutsiya ya bambanta daga rataye ƙasa har zuwa sama da lanƙwasa a cikin baka, siffar an karkatar da U. Matsayin wutsiya mai jujjuyawa a bayyane lokacin da ake fuskantar mamaye, barazana ko tsokanar zalunci. Hakanan ana amfani dashi yayin tashin hankali, wasanni da motsin hanji. Yayin tsere, matsayin wutsiya madaidaiciya a kwance, alal misali, lokacin neman abin farauta ko tserewa daga haɗari. A cikin mummunan yanayin barazanar, fur a wuya, kafadu, sacrum da wutsiya na iya tsayawa a ƙarshen, suna ƙara girman gani na fos. Yawancin tous na ulu yakan zama amsawa ga masu kusancin farauta kuma ana haɗasu da arched baya da wutsiya.
Gaisuwa ta hada da abubuwan gani da kayan kamshi. Manyan dawakai masu girma da tsinkaye sukan gane mutane a nesa har zuwa 30. Gane su, suna duban juna, wasu lokuta a hankali suna kusantowa ko kai hari ba tare da alamun gani ba. Hanyar zama mafi kyawun nau'i ne na ƙaddamar da alama, wanda ya haɗa da saukar da kai, wuyan da aka elongated, kunnuwa da aka matse da kuma guguwar da aka jagoranta a kusurwar bakin wani mutum. Mutumin na biyu ya tabbatar da dabarar, yana ɗaukar shugabanci da kansa yana riƙe da wutsiyarsa ƙasa.
Yi amfani da soundsan murya masu ƙarfi. Sauti sune alamun tuntuɓar ko gargaɗi kuma sun fi yawa a cikin hunturu. Sautunan tuntuba suna shuru amma ba'a ji su a nesa mai nisa. Warningarar gargaɗi da sautin busa suna da girma kuma suna zuwa nesa da sautunan tuntuɓar, amma ƙasa da m. Tsofaffi suna amfani da sautunan tuntuɓar don kiran kwikwiyo a cikin kogo, haka kuma suna kiran juna cikin yanki mai ciyarwa. Ana amfani da sautunan tsoratarwa don gargaɗin sauran dawakai game da kusancin maƙar magana da magabaci.
Yi amfani da gurza guda 3 yayin urin: jingina a gaba, ɗaga kafafu da makwanciya. Don urin motsa jiki, maza yawanci suna amfani da lanƙwasa na gaba, mata kuma suna amfani da squat. Lokacin yiwa fitsari (fitar da fitsari a wani takamaiman abun da aka nuna bayan urination ko feces), maza suna amfani da matsayin ƙafar kafa, mata suna amfani da squat. Alamar fitsari na faruwa sau da yawa a cikin hunturu fiye da lokacin bazara. Wasu lokuta ana yin alamomi sau biyu wanda alamar ta mace wacce namiji ke sanya alamar sa. Mata suna fara yin alamun fitsari a farkon oestrus; yawan martabar alamomin maza baya canzawa.
Amfani da asirin gland don sadarwa ba a sani ba. Murmushi yana da mahimmanci yayin saduwa ta jiki, wanda yakan faru ne lokacin da ake hutawa tare kuma yayin yanayi na rashin yarda.
Galibi ana yin watsi da ungulates. Hakanan ba'a kula da farin-tailed mongooses (Ichneumia albicauda), taguwar dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) da taguwa mongooses (Mungos mungo) suma ba'a kula dasu ba. Suna tsoron manyan mafarautan - zakuna (Panthera leo) da tabo da ake gani (Crocuta crocuta). Karnuka masu kama da hiyena (Lycaon hoto) da cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) suna bi da dawakai. Kowane ɗayan garkunan karnukan tsuntsayen ƙwararre sun kware a farauta da dawakai masu koren fata. Kayan fata (Parahyaena brunnea), cheetahs, damisa (Panthera pardus) da zakuna sun kama manyan dawakai, fuka-fuka-fuka-baki (Canis mesomelas) - babbar barazanar da kukan yara keyi. Ppan kuli-kuli sun samu mafaka a cikin ƙofofi da ƙananan ƙofofin da ke hana shigar azzalumai manyan dabbobi.
Kungiyar ta kori makiyaya da ke tunkarar wuraren kiwo, da suka hada da jakunkun baƙi, sananniyar biri (Galerella sangu Guinea), tabarau, da kuma fararen fata. Manyan atorsaatorsan da ke da fata kamar su gaggauta yaki (Polemaetus bellicosus) da kuma mujiyoyin gaggafa (Bubo africanus da B. lacteus) na iya kama dawakai da suka girma a wuraren buɗe ido. A yayin da aka kora su ta kasa ko kuma maharbanta, manyan dawakai da ke da girma sukan canza hanya da sauri, hakan yana kara musu damar tserewa. Xayar dawakai na iya canza alkibla yadda ya kamata yayin da yake gudana akan turɓaya ba tare da asara da sauri ba. Pythons na Afrika da ake kira hieroglyphic (Python sebae) suma suna kashe da kuma cin abincin dawakai.
An ƙaddara nau'in kuma yada jita-jita, kwayar cutar canine da parvovirus na kare. Foaya daga cikin manyan dawakai ɗaya daga yanayin halittar Serengeti, Tanzania, ya gano Trichinella nelsoni. Rabuwa da barkewar annoba daga 1986 zuwa 1989 ya kashe kashi 90% na balagaggu a cikin adadin kuɗin guda. A cikin Serengeti, barkewar annoba sune sanadin mutuwar kullun yayin lambobi na lokaci da adadi na al'ada.
Yana da amfani na kasuwanci, mazaunan Botswana da ke cikin ganimar manyan dawakai daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli saboda ƙyallen. Su masu inganci ne masu mahimmanci na ma'abotan lokaci, wanda ake ganin sune manyan cututtukan dabbobi.
A cikin zaman talala, aƙalla tsawon rayuwa na shekaru 13 da watanni 9 an rubuta shi, a cikin daji, wataƙila ya gajarta.
Bayyanar gida da mazaunin babban dawakai
A duban farko, da alama wannan wata kaho ce ta yau da kullun, amma idan ka duba sosai, za ka lura cewa a gabanmu '' raccoon + ጥን + fox in kwalba '', haƙiƙa yanayi yana yin abubuwan al'ajabi. Makarfinta mai kaifi kamar na rakumi ne, kusa da idanun saiti. Saurare yana da haɓaka sosai kuma ba abin mamaki bane, saboda samun manyan kunnuwan-ido, nuna kuma manyan abubuwa, kamar zomo, kuma rashin amfani dasu zunubi ne. Kunnuwa baƙi daga waje, kuma ciki fararen fata ne. Babban dabbar dawakai yana amfani dasu don ɗaukar alamomi da yawa, gami da waɗanda daga danginsa a nesa mai nisa, sannan kuma yana amfani da kunnuwarsa a matsayin fan don tsananin zafi, yayin da yake rayuwa ta musamman a Yammaci da Afirka ta Kudu.
Kodayake wani lokaci ana iya ganin wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji a buɗe, dawakai masu daɗin girma sun fi son ciyayi da savannahs, inda akwai ciyawar ciyawa. Sau da yawa ana samunsa a cikin wuraren kwanan nan ƙone gari na savannah mai kauri. Koyaya, wannan dabbar tana buƙatar wurare tare da ciyawa mafi girma, inda zaku iya shakata lokacin lokutan zafi na rana, da kuma ɓoyewa daga mafarautan.
Bayyanar gida da mazaunin babban dawakai
A duban farko, da alama wannan wata kaho ce ta yau da kullun, amma idan ka duba sosai, za ka lura cewa a gabanmu '' raccoon + ጥን + fox in kwalba '', haƙiƙa yanayi yana yin abubuwan al'ajabi. Makarfinta mai kaifi kamar na rakumi ne, kusa da idanun saiti. Saurare yana da haɓaka sosai kuma ba abin mamaki bane, saboda samun manyan kunnuwan-ido, nuna kuma manyan abubuwa, kamar zomo, kuma rashin amfani dasu zunubi ne. Kunnuwa baƙi daga waje, kuma ciki fararen fata ne. Babban dabbar dawakai yana amfani dasu don ɗaukar alamomi da yawa, gami da waɗanda daga danginsa a nesa mai nisa, sannan kuma yana amfani da kunnuwarsa a matsayin fan don tsananin zafi, yayin da yake rayuwa ta musamman a Yammaci da Afirka ta Kudu.
Kodayake wani lokaci ana iya ganin wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji a buɗe, dawakai masu daɗin girma sun fi son ciyayi da savannahs, inda akwai ciyawar ciyawa. Sau da yawa ana samunsa a cikin wuraren kwanan nan ƙone gari na savannah mai kauri. Koyaya, wannan dabbar tana buƙatar wurare tare da ciyawa mafi girma, inda zaku iya shakata lokacin lokutan zafi na rana, da kuma ɓoyewa daga mafarautan.
Waɗannan dawakai sun haƙa rami kansu, amma suna iya zama a cikin gidajen da sauran dabbobi suka bari. Raminsu suna da ƙofofin da ɗakuna da yawa, kuma suna kama da rami wanda ke hawa tsawon mita. Iyali ɗaya na manyan dawakai masu mayu na iya samun ramuka da yawa a yankunansu.
Saboda launin launin shuɗi-launin ruwan hoda, ƙahon da ya fi girma ya zauna ba a gan shi ga masu farautar ba. Amma launi na iya bambanta daga rawaya launin shuɗi zuwa zuma mai zurfi, gwargwadon inda dawakai ke zaune da shekarunta. Kamar yadda yake a cikin yawancin abubuwan taimako, wuya da ƙasa na jiki suna launin shuɗi. Sizearamar girman babban dabbar da ke da girma (tsawon jikinta shine 46-66 cm, tsayi a ƙwanƙwasa har zuwa 40 cm, tsawon wutsiya 24-34 cm, nauyin kilogram 3.3.3), yayi magana game da irin abincinsa na musamman.
Menene girma fox yake ci
Jerin yau da kullun na dabbar da aka fi girma yana da arziki a cikin sunadarai (kwari iri daban-daban, ciyawa, fari, larvae na beetles, ƙwai tsuntsu), bitamin (yana son cin fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari, tushen tsiro), nama mai laushi (ƙananan dabbobi, kajin tsuntsayen ƙasa). Sau da yawa ana iya ganin wannan dabbar a kusa da garken dutsen ko zebras, saboda gwoza dungwaye suna kwance ƙwai a cikin zuriyar dabbobi na dabbobi, kuma wannan shine abincin wannan dabbar. Tun da babban daw - fure mai girma ya tono kyawawan abubuwa daga ƙasa, ƙafafunsa na gaba suna da yatsu biyar, ƙafafunsa huɗu huɗu ne, kaɗan. Sau da yawa ɗan dawakai yakan cinye kunama tare da maƙogwaronsu, yayin da ba'a ga alamun alamun guba da aka gani a halin sa. Wannan nau'in dabbar dawakai suna cin abinci da daddare ko a lokacin bazara, lokacin girgije, gwargwadon yanayin rayuwar sa.
Babban fox hakora
Wata keɓaɓɓiyar dawakai ta mallaki babban dawakai - wannan shine adadin haƙoran, 48 daga cikinsu, gami da 4 pre-radical da 4 m a kowane rabin muƙamuƙin. Yawancin hakora da alama suna da ban tsoro da farko, amma ƙananan hakora da ƙarancin cizo na ɗan ƙaramin nutsuwa. Hakoran manyan dawakai manya manya ne da aka nuna, wannan yana ba ta damar da ta ɗanɗana kayan kwaro da take so don taimakawa narkewa, maimakon aiwatar da su. Kuma tsarin muƙamuƙi kuma yana sake tabbatar da sha'awar ta kwari.
A wuraren da ake samun wadataccen abinci, za'a iya samun dawakai mafi girma yayin ciyar da ƙananan gungun mutane 2-15. Inda karancin abinci yake iyakantacce, sun gwammace su ci shi kaɗai ko a cikin bi-biyu.
Kiwo Babban Fiyayyen Halice
Babban dabbar da take da girma itace galibi jinsin aure ne wanda ke nuna karancin yanki, kuma membobin wannan nau'in galibi suna da kewayon kewa. Mace tana haihuwar guda daga ciki zuwa biyar, bayan haihuwar wata biyu. Namiji zai kasance kusa da mace a duk lokacin kiwo. Bayan 'yanmata sun bayyana, yawanci namiji yakan kasance cikin kogon don kariyarsu, kuma macen a wannan lokacin tana zuwa neman abinci don kula da matakin madararta.
Manya, manyan dawakai masu kaɗa ƙuri'a na iya zama ganima ga manyan dabbobi kamar zaki, damisa, aladu, launin ruwan hoda da tabarau, da karnukan daji na Afirka.
Tsaro
Lokacin farin ciki mai kauri, mara laushi, kyakkyawa na matsakaiciyar matsakaici, shine babban dalilin bacewar wata karamar dabbar da ta kaɗa, kamar yadda ake farauta sau da yawa. Saboda haka, adadin wannan nau'in dabbobi an rage shi sosai, kuma babban magabatansu shine mutum. Dawakai da aka fi girma, da rashin sa'a, an kare su saboda fur da nama.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.