Fuka-fukai suna cikin gidan canine, kuma jimlar yawan su sun kasu kashi 50 cikin ƙasa. Mafi na kowa shine fox talakawa. Ita ce mafi girma a cikin dukkanin wakilan wannan nau'in.
Sunan ya fito daga kalmar Slavic "fox", wanda ke nufin "ja". Bayar da launi mai launi na dabbar, an dafe sosai.
Bayanin
Fuka-fukai suna yadu cikin Russia da wasu ƙasashe inda akwai yanayi mai dacewa don rayuwarsu. Dabbar dabbar mafarauci ce kuma tana cin abinci a kan ƙananan dabbobi, da dabbar da kwari, ta haka ne ke tsara yawan alƙaluma da guje wa yawaitar wasu nau'in halittu. Wannan yana ba ku damar kula da daidaituwa a cikin yanayi.
A waje, dabbar tana da sauƙin rarrabe daga ragowar jakuna saboda launin ja mai haske. Wannan yakan juya wa wanda ya kashe shi, saboda ana iya gani har ma da gandun daji mai yawa.
Bayyanar
Bayyanar dabbar ta dogara ne da yanayin kai tsaye inda take zama. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, waɗannan dabbobin suna girma kaɗan kuma suna da launi mai launi mai haske. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana samun manyan mutane waɗanda ke sa fenti mai ruwan lemo.
Abun mai farautar haske ne, kafafu kuwa baƙi ne. Launin wutsiya shine mafi yawan lokuta uku-launi, yana haɗuwa da raɗaɗin orange, launin ruwan kasa da fari Jawo. Manyan mutane na iya yin girma zuwa 80 cm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 40 cm a tsayi. Nauyin ya bambanta daga kilogiram 6 zuwa 10.
Rayuwa da Halaye
Dawakai sun fi son zama cikin fakitoci wanda ya kunshi mazan, mace da 'ya' yansu. A zahiri, waɗannan mafarautan suna zaune cikin cikakken dangi. A matsayin gida, suna zaɓar yankin da akwai wadataccen abinci sannan akwai barcin ƙasa don haƙa ramuka. A karshen, dawakai suka rayu, wani lokacin kuma zasu iya mamaye rami da wata dabba tayi. An yi rikodin kararraki a cikin abin da masu farauta suka zazzage wani ɓangaren rami na karkashin ƙasa wanda badgers yayi sannan kuma ya kasance ta gefe ɗaya ba tare da rikici ba. Kasancewa a yankin, dawakai zasu iya tono ramuka da yawa waɗanda zasu kai ga gida daya da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Idan saboda wasu dalilai dabbar ta zauna ita kadai, bazai iya tono rami ko kaɗan ba, ta amfani da ciyawa mai kauri, dusar ƙanƙara, da dai sauransu a zaman na dare.
A hanyar rayuwarta, maharbin yana yawanci ba dare ba rana. Tare da kyakkyawan gani na gani, yana da kyau ya jagoranci sosai a cikin duhu, wanda zai baka damar bibiya ganima. Komawa farauta, dawakai suka gwammace suyi tafiya a madaidaiciya domin kada su bata.
Har yaushe tsawon fox zai rayu?
A dabi'a, dawakai sun rayu har tsawon shekaru 10. A karkashin yanayin wucin gadi, rayuwar tana ƙaruwa sosai. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, dabbobi na iya wanzu har zuwa shekaru 20, saboda basa buƙatar fita farauta kowace rana, suna haɗari don fuskantar haɗari iri daban-daban da tsufa.
Muryar Fox
Fuka-fukai kusan babu sauti, suna fifita sadarwa tare da juna ta amfani da wari. Lokacin da mutum yana son barin takamaiman saƙo don sauran, yana alamar yankin tare da samfuran jikinsa.
Koyaya, idan mai farautar har yanzu yana buƙatar muryar murya, to, yana iya fara haɓaka ko haushi. Muryoyin maza da mata sun sha bamban. Tsoffin suna daɗaɗɗar ƙauna da baƙo, yayin da mata suke da sautin m. Kuna iya jin dawakai a waɗannan lokacin lokacin da take cikin haɗari, ko tana cikin damuwa.
Motsi
A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, dabbar tana motsawa tare da tafiya madaidaiciya, kusan akan ƙafafunsa cikakke. Wararrun mafarauta suna iya tantance sawun fost a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar halayen ƙananan matakan haɓaka da ke cikin jerin sarkar.
Ganin abin farauta, dawakai kusan duk kusan kusa da ƙasa ya fara sagir a hankali. Bayan ta jira lokacin da ya dace, sai ta yi gaba da gaba, tana kai hari kan makasudin. Don motsawa, maharbin yana amfani da dogo mai tsayi wanda yake kama da ƙarairayi. Yana ba ku damar kula da daidaito kuma ku dace cikin juyawa, idan samarwa ba zato ba tsammani ta gudu zuwa gefe.
Fuka-fukai suna da kyakkyawan jin ƙanshi da ji, don haka za su iya nuna wurin ganima tun ma kafin su gan shi. Wannan yana taimakawa rage lankwashewa nan da nan kuma fara rage nesa.
Habitat - a ina dawakai suke zaune?
Foxes suna zaune a kusan duk yankuna na Russia, suna zaɓan gandun daji da filayen zama wurin zama. Godiya ga Jawo mai dumi, zasu iya rayuwa har ma a yanayin sanyi, kuma idan ya cancanta, dumama kansu da taimakon wutsiya mara lafiya. Hakanan, dawakai suka zauna cikin tsaunika da tundra, suna dacewa da yanayin muhalli.
Yawan nau'ikan foxes na ƙwayoyin Halifofi
Bayanan halittar 'yan bishiyar' Vulpes 'shine mafi yaduwa kuma suka yadu tsakanin kwari, wanda yawansu yakai nau'ikan dawakai 12. Ana iya samun wakilan wannan nau'in halitta a cikin arewa mai nisa, da Kudancin Amurka, da Turai, da Afirka, da Asiya.
Halin halayen foxes na halittar Vuspes sune nuna ƙarfi, kunnuwa mai kafaffuwa kunnuwa, dogo mai tsayi, mara nauyi, kwanyar kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta shi da ƙabilar Canis. Launin bakin wutsiya yawanci ya bambanta da babban launi. A takaddama tsakanin idanu da hanci akwai alamun almara na baki uku.
Fox na gama gari Vulpes vulpes
A halin yanzu, akwai kusan adadin 48 na fox gama gari, waɗanda aka rarraba daga Arctic Circle zuwa hamadar Asiya da arewacin Afirka da Amurka ta Tsakiya. An gabatar da su zuwa Ostiraliya. Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari shine mafi yawan filastik na duk masu farauta.
Tsawon jiki yana kan matsakaicin 75 cm, wutsiya - 40-69 cm, nauyi yana iya kaiwa kilo 10. Mayafin yana da laushi zuwa ja mai laushi, da fari zuwa baki a ƙasa. Gashin wutsiya yakan zama fari. Akwai azurfa da sauran nau'ikan launi.
Bengal (indian) fox Vulpes bengalensis
Mazaunan Indiya, Pakistan, Nepal. Ana ajiye shi a cikin steppes, gandun daji masu haske, dazuzzuka masu ƙaya da ƙauyukan rabin hamada har zuwa 1350 m sama da matakin teku.
Tsawon jiki - 45-60 cm, wutsiya - 25-35 cm, nauyi - 1.8-3.2 kg. Launin gajeren wando mai santsi ne yashi-ja, kafafu sun cika, bakin wutsiya baƙar fata ne.
Fox na Afirka ta Kudu Vulpes chama
An rarraba shi a Afirka kudu da Zimbabwe da Angola. Kuna iya saduwa da ita a cikin kwari da kwararowar dutse.
Tsayin jiki - 45-60 cm, wutsiya - 30-40 cm, nauyi - 3.5-4.5 kg. Launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi agouti tare da baya mai launin shuɗi-baki, ƙasan wutsiyar baƙar fata ce, babu masan fuskar fuska mai duhu.
Korsak Vulpes corsac
Yana faruwa a cikin yankin na kudu maso gabashin Rasha, a Tsakiyar Asiya, Mongolia, a Transbaikalia zuwa arewacin Manchuria da arewacin Afghanistan.
A waje, corsac yayi kama da na talakawa, amma ƙarami kaɗan. Tsayin jiki 50-60 cm, wutsiya 22-35 cm, nauyi 2.5-4. Mayafin yana da launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi; Gwanja yana da fari ko shuɗi. Sifar halayyar Korsak suna da yawa, shahararrun cheekbones.
Foi Tibet Vulpes ferrilata
Tana zaune a tsaunukan tsaunuka (4500-4800 m sama da matakin teku) na Tibet da Nepal.
Tsawon Jiki - 60-67 cm, wutsiya - 28-32 cm, nauyi - 4-5.5 kg. Ana shafa fatar jiki da kunnuwa cikin haske agouti, bakin wutsiyar fari. Dogon kai da kunkuntar alama alama square saboda lokacin farin ciki da kaurin abin wuya. Fangs suna da elongated.
Fox na Afirka Vulpes pallida
Tana zaune a arewacin Afirka daga Jar Teku zuwa Atlanta, daga Senegal zuwa Sudan da Somalia. Yana zaune a cikin jeji.
Tsawon jiki - 40-45 cm, wutsiya - 27-30 cm, nauyi - 2.5-2.7 kg. Mayafin yayi gajere kuma na bakin ciki. Gashi da kunnuwa suna da launin shuɗi, kafafu sun yi ja, toshe wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ce. Babu alamun a fuska.
Fakar yashi Vulpes rueppellii
Tana faruwa ne daga Maroko zuwa Afghanistan, a arewacin Kamaru, a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, Chadi, Kongo, Somalia, Masar, Sudan. Yana zaune cikin jeji.
Tsawon jiki - 40-52 cm, wutsiya - 25-35 cm, nauyi - 1.7-2 kg. Mayafin rigar ta yadudduba ce, bakin wutsiyar fari fari, akwai wuraren baƙar fata akan ƙyalli. Yana da manyan kunnuwa waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita zafin jikin, kuma fur ɗin a kan kugunan paws yana sauƙaƙa motsi a kan yashi mai zafi.
Corsac na Amurka Vulpes velox
Yana faruwa daga Texas zuwa South Dakota. Daga 1900 zuwa 1970 An samo wannan nau'in ne a arewacin Babban filayen, a Kanada, amma, a bayyane yake, murkushe murfin Amurka ya kasance: a cikin 1928 dawakai sun ɓace daga Saskatchewan, kuma a 1938 daga lardin Alberta. Koyaya, yanzu ta sami nasarar sake farfadowa a kan aikin Kanada.
Tsayin jiki - 37-53 cm, wutsiya - 22-35 cm, nauyi - 2-3 kilogiram. Mayafin yana da launin toka-mai launin sanyi a cikin hunturu, ja a lokacin rani, ƙarshen wutsiya baƙar fata ne, akwai wuraren baƙar fata a lamuran ɗamarar.
Fox ɗan Amurka Vulpes macrotis
Mazauna arewa maso yamma na Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan farauta da na kwari.
Tsawon jiki - 38-50 cm, wutsiya - 22-30 cm, nauyi - 1.8-3 kg. Mayafin yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-ja, ƙ gabar ƙafaf ce tan. Tail tare da baki tip, mai farin ruwa sosai.
Fox Afghan Cancantar cana
Mazaunan Afghanistan, arewa maso gabashin Iran, Balochistan, an san yawan jama'a keɓewa cikin Isra'ila. Kuna iya saduwa da ita a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Tsawon Jiki - 42-48 cm, wutsiya - 30-35 cm cm, nauyi - 1.5-3 kg. Launi mafi yawan launuka suna duhu, a cikin hunturu - brownish-launin toka. Ana amfani da sabulun safen mara lafiya don rayuwa a wurare masu tsaunukan tsaurara.
Fenech Vulpes zerda
Wani lokacin ana ware shi a cikin halittar Fennecus saboda manyan kunnuwa, ƙugiyoyi kwankwaso da ƙananan hakora. Tana zaune a Arewacin Afirka, a hayin Sahara gabas zuwa Sinai da Arabia. Yana zaune a cikin yashi.
Tsawon Jikin - 24-41 cm, wutsiya - 18-31 cm, nauyi - 0.9-1.5 kg. Fenech shine mafi ƙanƙantar da dukkan dawakai. Launi na mayafin shine cream, tip na wutsiya baki ne. Hanyoyin paw suna sauka. Muhimmin fasalin Fenech shi ne cewa manyan kunnuwarsa, wadanda suke sama da kashi 20% na jikin mutum, suna taimakawa dabbar ta sanyaya cikin zafin rana (a yawan zafin jiki, tasoshin a kunnuwa suna fadada, suna kara yawan zafi). Koyaya, a yanayin zafi ƙasa da 20 ° C Fenech zai fara rawar jiki daga sanyi.
Foctic Arctic (folar polar) Vulpes (Alopex) lagopus
Tsarin kimiyya na zamani wani lokaci shine ke bambance asalin halittun arctic a matsayin asalin nau'in dawakai. Arctic Arctic yana zaune a cikin yankin da ke kewaye da shi, da tundra da kuma sassan yanki na garken dabbobi.
Tsawon jiki - 53-55 cm, wutsiya - 30-32 cm, nauyi - 3.1-3.8 kg. Akwai nau'ikan launi iri biyu: "fari", wanda yayi kama da launin toka-mai-zafi a lokacin bazara, da kuma "shuɗi", a lokacin rani ne launin ruwan kasa. A Jawo ne mai yawa, aƙalla 70% ne dumi undercoat. Fatsun Arctic suna da juriya mai ban mamaki da sanyi.
Harshen Urocyon (fodaloli na Grey)
Dawakai Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Tana faruwa ne daga tsakiyar Amurka zuwa fararen hular, daga kudu zuwa Venezuela, daga arewa zuwa Ontario.
Tsawon Jiki - 52-69 cm, wutsiya - 27-45 cm, nauyi - 2.5-7 kg. Launi mai launi, tare da variegated, farin makogwaro, paws tawny. Murmushi mai gashi mai kauri yana gudana tare da ƙashin dokin.
Fox Island Littattafan Urocyon
Aka rarraba a Tsibirin Channel kusa da California.
Wannan shine mafi karancin nau'in dawakai da suke zaune a Amurka. Tsawon jiki - 48-50 cm, wutsiya - 12-29 cm, nauyi - 1.2-2.7 kg. A waje kama da foda launin toka, amma ƙasa da ita girmanta. Kwakwalwar tsibiri yawanci kwari ne.
Genus Otocyon (Kunnen Fox)
Babbar Madaidaiciya Fox Meilotis na Otocyon
An san mutane biyu: ɗayan an samo shi ne daga kudanci Zambia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, ɗayan kuma daga Habasha zuwa Tanzania. Fi son bude sarari.
Tsawon Jiki - 46-58 cm, wutsiya - 24-34 cm, nauyi - 3-4.5 kg. Launi mai launin toka ne zuwa launin rawaya mai duhu, akwai alamun baƙar fata a wulakancin, dabaru na kunnuwa da na paws, da kuma “bel” a baya. Kunnuwa suna da girma (har zuwa cm 12). Babban dabbar da ta fi girma ya sha bamban da sauran nau'in halittar ta hanyar sabon salo na hakora: hakoran sa sun yi rauni, amma tare da ƙarin biram duka adadin su shine 46-50. Abincin wannan nau'in kuma sabon abu ne mai ban mamaki: abincin abincin kwari ne 80%, akasarin diyan gwoza da ciyawa.
Dusicyon asalin halittar (Amurkawa ta Kudu)
Mahalli na dawakai na halittar Dusicyon sun iyakance ga Kudancin Amurka. A launi yawanci launin toka ne tare da facin faci. Kwanyar tana da tsawo da kunkuntar, kunnuwa suna da girma, wutsiya ba ta da faɗi.
Fon Andean Dusicyon (pseudalopex) culpaeus
Yana zaune a cikin Andes, daga Ekwado da Peru zuwa tsibirin Tierra del Fuego. An samo shi a cikin tsaunuka da pampas.
Dangane da tallafi, tsayin jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 60 zuwa 115 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine 30-45 cm, kuma nauyin shine 4.5-11 kg. Goma da kafadu suna launin toka, kai, wuya, kunnuwa da kugunan suna da kyau, toshe wutsiyar baƙar fata ce.
Fox ta Kudu Amurka Dusicyon (pseudalopex) griseus
Yana zaune a cikin Andes, galibi yawan an maida hankali ne a Argentina da Chile. Yana zaune a ƙananan wurare sama da fox na Andean.
Tsawon Jiki - 42-68 cm, wutsiya - 31-36 cm, nauyi - 4.4 kilogiram. Launi mottled mai haske launin toka, ƙananan sassan jikin wuta.
Furancin Paraguay Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) dakin motsa jiki
Tana zaune a pampas na Paraguay, Chile, kudu maso gabashin Brazil, daga kudu zuwa gabashin Argentina zuwa Rio Negro.
Tsawon jikin - 62-65 cm, wutsiya - 34-36 cm, nauyi - 4.8-6.5 kg.
Focuran Securan Dusicyon (pseudalopex) sechurae
Tana zaune a cikin hamadar bakin teku na arewacin Peru da kuma Kudancin Ecuador.
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 53-59 cm, wutsiya ta kusan cm 25, nauyin shine 4.5-4.7 kg. Mayafin yana da launin toka, bakin wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ne.
Fox dan ƙasar Brazil Dusicyon (pseudalopex) vetulus
Tana zaune a kudu da tsakiyar Brazil.
Tsayin jiki kusan 60 cm, wutsiya - kimanin 30 cm, nauyi 2.7-4 kg. Guguwar gajarta ce, hakora suna ƙanana. Launin rigar da ke jikinta babba ne launin toka, ciki ya yi fari. Akwai layin duhu akan dorsal wutsiya.
Darwin da fox Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) fulvipes
An samo shi a Tsibirin Chiloe da kuma a National Park Nauelbuta, Chile.
Tsawon Jikin kusan 60 cm, wutsiya - 26 cm, nauyi kimanin kilo 2. Mayafin da ke saman jikinsa launin shuɗi ne, ƙyallen da ciki suna da launin fata. A jinsunan barazana.
Yayin da yake tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa a 1831, Charles Darwin ya sayi kwafin forey launin toka, wanda daga baya ya sami sunansa. A cikin rubutunsa, ya rubuta cewa a tsibirin Chiloe, "wani dawakai mallakar halittar, wanda da alama ya kebanta da wannan tsibirin kuma ba shi da wuya a kansa, kuma har yanzu ba a bayyana shi a matsayin jinsin ba." Kodayake Darwin yana sane da bambance-bambancen wannan dabbar, wanda aka tabbatar da kwanan nan, matsayin wannan dabbar har yanzu ba a sani ba. An rarrabe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan m launi da kai da kuma gajerun ƙafafu.
Michong Dusicyon (Cerdocyon) thous
An rarraba shi daga Colombia da Venezuela zuwa arewacin Argentina da Paraguay. Mahalli savannahs da gandun daji.
Tsawon Jiki - 60-70 cm, wutsiya - 28-30 cm, nauyi -5-8 kg.
Mayafin yana da launin toka-baki, kunnuwan suna da duhu, wutsiya mai ɗambin madaidaiciya ƙarancin farin yatsa da farin goge, pawatsuna masu girma, guntun wando
Dawakai mai gajeren wando (karamin dawakai ko dawakai mai tsawo) Dusicyon (Atelocynus) Microtis
Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na kogin Orinoco da Amazon. Ana samo shi a cikin Peru, Columbia, Ekwado, Venezuela da Brazil.
Tsawon Jiki -72-100 cm, wutsiya - 25-35 cm, nauyi har zuwa 9 kg. Launi mai duhu ne, kunnuwa sun gajarta da zagaye. Hakora suna da tsawo da ƙarfi. Halin cat.
Tunani: Dabbobi masu shayarwa: Cikakken Ilimi Encyclopedia / Transl .. Daga Ingilishi / Littattafai. I. Predatory, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dattako, tupai, fuka-fuki. / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.
Fox na gama gari
Daga cikin dukkan dawakai, ana ɗaukarsu mafi haɗi kuma mafi girma a girma. Jikin ya kai tsawon 90 cm, nauyi - har kilo 10. Tana zaune kusan daukacin yankin Eurasia, sai dai kawai ƙasan kudu ta Asiya - Indiya da ɓangaren China. Abu ne mai sauki mu hadu a Arewacin Amurka (daga yankuna masu nisa zuwa yankuna masu zafi), har ma a arewacin na Afirka - a Masar, Algeria, Morocco da kuma a arewacin Tunisiya.
Mafi launi na yau da kullun shine ja da baya, wutar dusar ƙanƙara, da ƙafafu masu launin ruwan kasa. Mafi nisan arewa mazaunin yankin, kuma ya fi ban sha'awa da yalwataccen rigunan yaudara, kuma ya fi girma.
Sanannen sanannun dawakai-launin shuɗi ana samunsa kusa da arewa. Samfuran kudu na ƙanana da ƙarami.Kunnuwa masu duhu da farin farin wata wutsiya mai ban sha'awa - alama a jikin wata bishiyar ma'ana a cikin dukkanin wadannan dawakai.
Dansandan yana da elongated, jiki yana da siriri, kafafu sune bakin ciki da ƙanana. Shedding daga farkon bazara zuwa tsakiyar bazara. Bayan fadowa, sabon fur yana tsiro, harma ya fi kyau fiye da na baya. Kunnuwa dawakai manyan deviceabi'u ne masu mahimmanci, tare da taimakonsu sun kama sautukan da ke cikin dabara kuma cikin sauƙin samu.
Ana farautar ƙananan ƙanƙanun dabbobi ita kaɗai, kuma mafarautan suna jin su ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara, waƙa da tono murfin dusar ƙanƙara tare da paws. Ana kiran wannan farauta linzamin kwamfuta, kuma dawakai sunyi nasara sosai. Hakanan yana iya kama dabba mafi girma - kwari ko maraƙi
Dawakai ba zata rasa tsuntsu ba idan yazo mata a tsarin farauta. Haka kuma, yana ciyar da kwari da tsirrai, kifi, tsirrai da asalinsu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries, har ma da gawawwakin dabbobi. Babu shakka dabbobi masu rarrabe, duk da haka, kamar sauran dawakai. Manyan iyalai suna riƙe su, kama da ƙananan masarautu.
Burrows ko dai su tona kansu, ko zauna watsi badgers da marmots. Wadannan tsarin suna da wuraren budewa da yawa da kuma hanyoyin tafiya, da kuma wasu dakuna da yawa. Amma suna rayuwa a cikin mazaunin karkashin kasa kawai lokacin ciyar da yaran, sannan sai kawai a ɓoye a cikin su cikin haɗari.
Kuma sauran lokacin da suka fi so su kasance a doron ƙasa, su ɓoye cikin ciyawa ko ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. 'Ya'yan itace ana yinsu sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma kawai mace mai wadatacciyar mace da ke shirye don kiwo. Mutane marasa lafiya sun tsallake a wannan shekara.
Daga 'yan kwikwiyo 5 zuwa 13, iyaye masu kulawa suna kulawa da su tare. A cikin daji, dawakai suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 7, a cikin jin daɗin gidan zoo - har zuwa 18-25. Yawancin lokaci ana kashe su saboda cututtukan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya yaduwa tsakanin wasu dabbobi - zomaye, annobar mafarauta da scabies.
Corsac na Amurka
Dwarf nimble fox ko fox prairie. Girman girma ƙanana - jiki tsawonsa ya kai rabin mitoci, girman wutsiya kuma yakai 30 cm, kuma taro bai wuce kilo 3 ba. Matsakaicin launi yana da launin toka mai ɗan haske tare da facin rawaya na farin karfe a gefunan. A cikin watanni na bazara, launi ya zama haske. Suna zaune a Amurka, gabas da Dutsen Rocky na tsarin Cordillera.
Wuraren da aka zaɓa su ne fut-turu, ciyayi ko pampas mai cike da ciyawa. Zasu iya canzawa wuri zuwa wani wuri, don haka basa alama da abin da suka mallaka. Gaskiya ne, maza sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa, budurwa suna zama kuma suna kiyaye wuraren gida, girmansu shine kusan 5km. Samun zuriya a kudancin Amurka yana farawa a watan Disamba, a arewacin - a cikin Maris.
Korsaki yayi hankali sosai, rayuwarsu tayi karanci. Tare da ambaton haɗari, suna gudu da sauri zuwa 60 kilomita / h. Saboda wannan, ana kiran su "dawakai dawakai." Jawo ba ya zama sananne saboda tsattsauran ra'ayi da ƙananan girman fatar.
Amma su da kansu sukan fada tarko da aka kafa akan dawakai da kuma coyotes. Yawan Korsaks a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yana raguwa cikin sauri, sun kusan tafi a Kanada, inda a baya aka lura da adadi mai yawa. Sabili da haka, a nan gaba ana iya jera su a cikin Littafin Rubutu.
Fox Afghan
Wasu suna - Balochistan ko Bukhara a Fox Karamin dabba, a girma da nauyi a jiki, yana kusa da corsac na Amurka. Girman wutsiya kusan daidai yake da tsawon jikin. Launi mai launin toka-mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙin duhu mai duhu akan baya da kuma wutsiya. Ana iya kiranta fox tare da bayyanar da kuma halayen cat.
Mucks da gaske yayi kama da cat, ya fi guntun fiye da sauran dawakai. Maimakon haka ana shuka manyan kunnuwa a kai, wanda ke ba kawai a matsayin mai gano gari ba, amma yana taimakawa sanyaya jiki a cikin zafi. Bayan duk wannan, yankin rarraba wannan dabbar yana sauka ne a yankuna masu juji - Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Arabiya, arewacin da kuma tsakiyar tsakiyar Afirka.
Matsayi mai girma ya faɗi a kan yankin Afghanistan, gabas ta Iran da arewa maso yamma ta Tsiniyar Hindustan. Zuwa arewa karnukan da talakawa suka cika birikima. An ƙara tsire-tsire har zuwa babba a cikin kewayon menus, da fari, saboda danshi da ke cikinsu, kuma abu na biyu, a cikin yanayi mai zafi sun fi haɓaka narkewa.
Fox na Afirka
Ta hanyar physique karamin karamin fox ne na yau da kullun. Launi ya fi “ƙura”, yashi mai laushi, rufe yanayin da ke kewaye. Ba a taɓa yin nazarin ba har yanzu, amma an kafa cewa su ma suna zaune a cikin iyalai kuma sun tono manyan burrows har zuwa mita 15 a tsayi kuma zuwa zurfin mita 3. Aka rarraba shi a tsakiyar Afirka, kudu da hamadar Sahara.
Sun mamaye sararin samaniya daga Tekun Atlantika har zuwa gabar Tekun Indiya. Suna zaune a cikin sands na hamada ko a cikin filayen dutse, wani lokacin zasu iya zama kusa da mutane. Sau da yawa ana murkushe ɓarawon don kai hare-hare akan gidajen kaji. A bayyane, yanayin rashin abinci mara kyau ya tilasta su su nemi abinci daga mutane. Ba su rayuwa a cikin fursuna na tsawon lokaci - har zuwa shekaru 3; cikin 'yanci zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6.
Fox: bayanin, tsari, halayyar mutum. Menene fox yayi kama?
Dawakai wata dabba ce mai cin nama, ta kasance ga dangin canine, wannan shine, kusancin dangi ne na kyarkeci da kare na gida.
Girman yarinyar ya dogara da nau'ikansa kuma ya bambanta daga 18 cm (mafi ƙarancin dansandan shine Fenech) zuwa 90 cm. Nauyin fox shima ya canza - daga 0.7 zuwa kilo 10. Duk nau'ikan dawakai ana rarrabe su ta hanyar dabi'un halitta na musamman - daɗaɗɗen makami, jikin elongated, amma tare da gajerun ƙafafu.
Kuma kowane dawakai mai kyau yana da wutsiya mai wutsiya. Wannan wutsiyar dabino wacce take da fuka-fukai bawai kawai dabi'arta ta kirkira ta kyau ba, amma kuma tana amfani da dalilai masu amfani, tana aiki a matsayin mai karfafa jiki yayin guduwa, kuma a cikin hunturu sanyi tana iya dumama uwargijinta Tsawon wutsiya na dawakai ya dogara da nau'ikansa, a matsakaicin sa shine 40-60 cm.
Jin jiyewar dawakai, harma da jin kamshin suna da kyau, yana kan su ne wadannan dabbobin suka dogara da farko yayin farauta. Dangane da hangen nesa, ya kuma inganta sosai, bugu da kari, an dace da shi don rayuwar da ba ta dace ba kuma yana ba ku damar gani sosai cikin duhu. Amma abin da ya rage game da wahayi kawai shine ya kasa fahimtar launuka. Dawakai tana da hakora 42 a bakin sa, ban da firam ɗin da ya fi girma, wanda ke da hakora 48.
An lullube jikin karnuka da jan gashi, yawaitar wannan gashin gashi ya dogara da nau'in dawakai da mazaunin sa, kuma yana iya bambanta dangane da lokacin shekara. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin dawakai da ke zaune cikin mawuyacin hali a arewacin, a cikin hunturu da fur ɗin fur ya yi kauri kuma ya zama mai narkewa, a lokacin rani, ƙawancin dusar ƙanƙara ya ragu.
Ina dawakai suke zaune?
Fuka-fukai suna zaune a sararin yanki, ana iya samunsu a cikin dazuzzukan Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka, Afirka ta Arewa har ma da Ostiraliya. Fuka-zaune suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukanmu na Yukren. A idanun mutane, dawakai sukan ɓoye cikin ɓoye, waɗanda ko dai su tono kansu, ko basa ƙin ɗaukar su daga wasu dabbobi. Hakanan zaka iya haɗuwa da su a cikin kogo har ma da manyan rami na bishiyoyi.
Yaɗa
Farinyar ta yaɗu sosai: a ko'ina cikin Turai, Arewacin Afirka (Misira, Aljeriya, Maroko, arewacin Tunusiya), mafi yawan Asiya (har zuwa arewacin Indiya, kudanci China da Indochina), a Arewacin Amurka daga yankin Arctic zuwa arewacin tekun na Gaban Mexico. Girman fulawa ya cika rayuwa a Ostiraliya kuma ya bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, in ban da wasu yankuna na arewa da ke da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi.
A baya an yi imani da cewa wata nau'in nau'in biri da ke zaune a Amurka, amma kwanan nan ana ɗaukarta azaman 'yar asalin dabbar shuɗi.
Lafiyar Qasa
Yawancin launi da girman fox suna da alaƙa da girman kewarta da kuma nau'ikan rayuwa daban-daban a sassan jikin mutum. Ya isa a faɗi cewa dawakai sun zauna, dukda cewa da yawa daban-daban, duk yanki mai faɗi-yanki, farawa daga gandun daji na tundra da subarctic har zuwa kango da hamada, gami da lamuran tsaunuka a duk bangarorin yanayin yanayi. Haka kuma, an samo dabbar ta zama ba wai kawai a cikin daji ba, har ma a cikin shimfidar wurare na al'adu, kazalika da bayan gari, hade da manyan (kamar su Kiev da Warsaw, a London foxes sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma wasu lokuta suna bayyana a tsakiyar yankin) . Haka kuma, a wasu lokuta, a wani yanki na birni, dawakai suna samun ingantaccen yanayi. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a cikin filaye na birni, wuraren shakatawa da kuma wuraren gini.
Dukkanin sassan da ke tattare da kewayonsa, dawakai sun fi son bude wuraren budewa, kazalika da wuraren da akwai katako daban-daban, gawarwaki, tsaunuka da kwari, musamman idan a lokacin hunturu dusar ƙanƙara da ke cikinsu ba ta da zurfi da sako-sako. Saboda haka, daga duk bangarorin da ke canjin yanayi, dawakai suna zaune a cikin firam da tsaran-daji, kuma ba a cikin gandun daji ba.
Dawakai wata dabba ce da ta zauna. A mafi yawan yankuna, ba shi da ƙaura na yau da kullun. Ba za a iya lura da irin waɗannan lokuta a cikin tundra, hamada da tsaunuka ba. Misali, daya daga cikin dawakai da aka yiwa alama a Malozemelskaya tundra (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia) daga baya an kashe kilomita 600 kudu maso yamma. Yaran dabbobin da aka zaunar dasu daga kogon mahaifa yawanci suna nesa daga 2-5 zuwa 15-30 kilomita daga ita.
Yawan foxes yayi dabam sosai tsawon shekaru. Yanayinta yana tasiri da dalilai kamar yawan ƙwayoyin jini, yanayin meteorological, kasancewar kamuwa da cuta a cikin yawan jama'a. A cikin shekaru masu fama da yunwa, ba wai kawai raguwar haihuwa ta mace da 'yan kwikwiyo ke tsira ba, amma har ma akwai yanayi wanda ya dace da yaduwar cututtukan epizootics, wanda wani lokacin yakan rufe manyan yankuna. Halin Epizootics na foxes sune rabies, annoba, cuta.
A cikin daji, dawakai da wuya su rayu sama da shekara bakwai, galibi yawan tsammanin rayuwa baya wuce uku. A cikin zaman talala, dabbobi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20-25.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kwakwalwa, kodayake ta kasance ga masu cin abincin da aka saba, suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri. Daga cikin abincin da ta ci, an gano nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 400 kaɗai, baya ga adadi da yawa na nau'in tsire-tsire. A ko'ina, tushen abinci shi ne ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, galibi voles. Har ila yau mutum na iya cewa yanayin yawan wannan maƙaddara ya dogara da yawan adadi da adadinsu. Wannan ya shafi musamman lokacin hunturu, lokacin da dawakai ke rayuwa da farko ta hanyar farautar voles: dabbar, tana murmushin ƙwaƙwalwa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, yana sauraron ɓarke ko riskarsa, sannan kuma tayi sauri ta shiga dusar ƙanƙara, ko kuma ta watsar da paws ɗinta, tana ƙoƙarin kama ganima. Ana kiran wannan hanyar farauta linzamin kwamfuta.
Manyan dabbobi, musamman hares, suna taka rawar gani kadan a abinci mai gina jiki, kodayake a wasu lokuta dawakai sun kama su da gangan (musamman zomo), kuma gawawwakin na iya ci yayin annoba. Wasu lokuta manyan dawakai zasu iya kai hari ga 'ya' yan barewa. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin abincin kyarwar ba su da mahimmanci kamar ƙwaro, kodayake wannan maƙiyin ba zai taɓa rasa damar da za ta kama tsuntsu da ya bayyana a doron ƙasa ba (daga ƙarami zuwa babba, misali geese da capercaillie), haka kuma suna lalata kwanon ƙwai ko kajin mara sa wuta. Dawakai na iya kauda kaji, amma, bisa lura da likitocin dabbobi, yana yin hakan kadan kadan fiye da yadda aka saba imani.
A cikin hamada da rabin hamada, dawakai sukan farauta dabbobi masu rarrafe. A Kanada da arewa maso gabashin Eurasia, dawakai da ke rayuwa tare da manyan koguna lokaci-lokaci suna ciyar da kusan kashi 100 na irin kifin da aka mutu bayan tsiya. A lokacin rani, dawakai suna cin dumbin kwari da sauran kwari, haka kuma, da yardar rai, lardin su. A lokutan yunwa, galibi suna ciyar da abinci.
Abubuwan tsire-tsire - tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, da ƙananan sassan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire - ɓangare ne na abinci na dawakai kusan ko'ina, amma mafi yawan duka a kudu na kewayon, duk da haka, babu inda suke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin abinci na wakilan wannan nau'in. Suna haifar da babbar illa ga albarkatun oat, cin waɗannan tsirrai a cikin yanayin nono. [ Ba a bayyana asalin shekara ta 1963 ba ]
Kiwo
Kamar kyarkeci, fox mallakar dabbobi ne masu cin duri wanda ke yin haila sau ɗaya a shekara. Lokacin tsutsa da ingancinsa ya danganta da yanayin da kifin dabbobi. Akwai shekaru wanda har zuwa 60% na mata an bar su ba tare da zuriya ba.
Ko da a cikin hunturu, dawakai suka fara nemo wurare don su shayar da kananan dabbobi, kuma suna tsare su da wazo. Ramin wanda ba shi da shi a wannan lokacin da kusan babu shi, a yayin mutuwar mace ɗaya, mazaunin ta ya mamaye wani nan da nan. Mace ne yawanci ke kula da mace biyu ko uku, fada yana faruwa tsakanin su.
Fuka-fukai iyayen kirki ne. Maza suna taka rawar gani a ilimin 'ya' ya, haka kuma suna kula da budurwa tun ma kafin bayyanar dawakai. Suna ba da iskoki, ko da tara daga mata. Dangane da rasuwar mahaifinsa, wani namiji daban yakan maye matsayinsa, wani lokacin dawakai har da fada a tsakanin su domin samun yancin zama dan uwan uba.
Ciki a cikin dawakai ya kai kwanaki 49-58. A cikin brood, akwai daga 'yar kwalliya 4-6 zuwa 12-13 da aka rufe da gashin launin ruwan kasa. A waje, sun yi kama da 'yan wolf, amma sun bambanta da fararen wutsiya. A makonni biyu da haihuwa, dawakai suka fara gani da ji, haƙoransu na fari suka fara cika. Iyaye biyun suna ɗaukar nauyin renon fatsin. Uba da mahaifiya suna da hankali sosai a wannan lokacin, kuma yayin da ake fargaba, za a tura cuban sandunan nan da nan zuwa rami na ajiye. Dole ne kuma su yi farauta a kowane lokaci don ciyar da zuriya. Puan kuyai sukan fara yin nono da wuri daga "gidan" kuma galibi suna haɗuwa da shi nesa ba kusa ba, yayin da suke saurayi.
Wata daya da rabi, mahaifiyar tana ciyar da 'ya'yanta a cikin madara, ban da haka, iyayen a hankali sun saba wa' yayansu ga abinci na yau da kullun, har ma da samun shi. Ba da daɗewa ba, dawakai da suka girma suka fara farauta tare da mahaifansu da mahaifiyarsu, suna wasa a tsakanin su, suna yiwa dattawa rauni, wani lokacin kuma suna jefa rayuwar gaba ɗaya cikin haɗari. Tun daga lokacin fita zuwa fitar ta karshe, dawakai suka bar burgo na tsawon watanni 6. Da kaka, dawakai suka girma kuma zasu iya rayuwa daban. Maza suna tafiyar kilomita 20-40, na mace 10-15, da wuya kilomita 30, suna neman shafin da ma'aurata. Wasu mata daga shekara mai zuwa suna fara haihuwar, a kowane hali, sun kai ga balaga tun tana shekara biyu.
Halayyar
Kyaryar da take tafiya a hankali tana biye da layin madaidaiciya, barin barin ingantaccen jerin waƙoƙi. Dabbar da ta firgita na iya gudu da sauri, a tsalle ko a zahiri ta shimfiɗa sama da ƙasa, tana shimfiɗa wutsiyarta gaba ɗaya. Daga cikin hankalin dawakai, mafi kyawun ma'anar wari da ji. Hasken fox ya dace da duhun da yawancin dawakai suke aiki. Kamar yawancin kaddara, dawakai suna amsawa sosai ga motsi, amma ba ku san launuka da kyau ba, musamman yayin rana, sabili da haka, alal misali, dawakai na iya zuwa kusa da mutumin da yake zaune ko tsaye a gefen iska.
Yayin tsere kuma kawai cikin yanayi na farin ciki, dawakai suka kara fashewa da kuka, dawakai suka harzuka yayin da zasu yi fada. Dangane da muryar, mace da namiji sun bambanta: mace tana yin sauyi sau uku, tana karewa da gajeriyar kuka, namiji yakan yi rawar kare, amma ba tare da yin kuka ba.
Yawancin dawakai, musamman yara, suna kwanciya a filin kwana guda, idan an samo ta kusa da gandun daji kuma tana da wadatar ƙwaƙwalwa. Kafin fara sauka a ƙarƙashin wani gandun daji ko tarin fuka, dawakai, mai sanyi a wurin, ya binciki wuraren na dogon lokaci don haɗari. Sannan ya zazzage, ya rufe hancinsa da hancinsa, amma kafin bacci ya kwashe shi, ya sake duban gundumar sau da yawa. Hakanan, dawakai suna son shakata cikin manyan dunkule, kwari da sauran wuraren da ba za'a iya samun su ba.
Fuka-fuka sukan farauto a lokuta daban-daban na rana, amma, sun fi son safiya da yamma, kuma inda ba a bi su ba, suna haɗuwa da rana, ba tare da gano damuwa ba yayin da suka sadu da mutum. In ba haka ba, wadannan dabbobin an bambanta su ta hanyar tsantsan taka tsantsan da kuma iyawar ban mamaki ta hanyar ɓoyewa da bin hanyar - wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin tarihin mutane da yawa dabbar ta zama sihiri da haɓaka (duba ra'ayi a cikin fasaha).
Fuka-fukai da ke zaune kusa da hanyoyin zirga-zirga, shiga gidaje, a wuraren da aka hana farauta, da sauri ake amfani da su a gaban mutum, ana iya sa musu saurin ciyarwa kuma suna iya roƙonsu.
Ana zaton fuka-fuka suna da ma'anar filin maganaɗisu.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Dawakai na da mahimmancin tattalin arziki a matsayin dabba mai mahimmanci mai jan gashi, haka kuma mai tsara adadin ƙwayoyin kwari da kwari. Haka kuma, lalacewar dawakai da tsuntsayen wasa ba su da amfanin da suke samu, suna lalata hatsi - masu cin hatsi.
Dawakai musamman na Jawo suna cikin hijiyoyin. A karshen karni na XIX, nau'ikan dawakai-baki (baki-kasa-kasa) aka fasa maggi. Sannan, godiya ga zaɓi, ingancin fur ɗin ya inganta sosai (idan aka kwatanta da nau'in daji) a cikin irin wannan, da kuma wasu nau'in nau'in fur da aka danganta dashi: platinum, Bakurian, Dakot da sauransu.
A Kudancin Turai, dawakai na daji sune keɓaɓɓun jigilar kwayar cutar rabies, don haka ana yi musu allurar ko'ina.
Alamomin waje na dawakai
Waɗannan dabbobin sun mallaki babban daskararre, wutsiya mai faɗi, mai kunnuwa na matsakaiciyar tsayi da kafafu tare da maganganun da ba za a iya karɓar su ba. Tare da waɗannan alamun, dawakai suna da alaƙa da Wolves. Amma akwai wani abu wanda ya ba su kama da wakilan dangin cat, wato, tsayayyen tsarin ɗaliban.
Fuka mai launin ja (Vulpes vulpes).
Duk nau'ikan dawakai sune dako da keɓaɓɓun fur, tare da kashin bakin ciki da danshi mai kauri. Yawancin wakilan wannan rukunin suna da launi iri ɗaya. Jawo gashi na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, fari, launin toka, ja. Yankin na ciki na jiki yana da launuka masu haske. Kunnuwa da wutsiya a ƙarshen suna da alamun duhu.
Dangane da girman dawakai, matsakaitan matsakaitan tsayi yakai daga santimita 30 zuwa 1 mita, kuma wadannan dabbobin suna yin nauyi daga kilo 1.5 zuwa 10. Amma hakika, kowane nau'in yana da nasa girma da tsawo.
Farauta Fox
Wakilan dawakai da ke zaune a wurare masu sanyi suna farauta da rana da maraice. Mazauna yankunan da ke cikin yanayin zafi sun gwammace su tsayar da zafin rana a ɗakinsu mai sanyi, kuma suna bin ganima bayan faɗuwar rana.
A cikin neman ganima.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyakkyawar ji da ji ƙanshi. Yawanci, dawakai suna tafiya tare da ƙaramin matakin ƙara, amma cikin haɗari na iya gudana da sauri. An bambanta waɗannan dabbobin daga Wolves ta ikon hawa bishiyoyi.
Yi yaƙi don mace.
A matsayin abinci, dawakai suka zaɓi ƙwayoyin wuta, hares, frogs, shinge, tsuntsaye, lizards da kifi. Suna ninka menu na su da abincin tsirrai, alal misali, zasu iya jin daɗin berries da tsire-tsire masu laushi.
Bengal fox
Wannan kyakkyawa tana da karamin girman jiki - wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 3.5 ya kai 55-60 cm a tsayinsa, girman wutsiya mai ɗauke da duhu har zuwa 35 cm. Kafafunta sun fi tsayi dangane da jiki fiye da sauran dawakai. Launi ya bambanta daga yashi mai ja zuwa terracotta. Tana zaune ne a cikin Hindustan kawai, kusa da tsaunukan Himalayan, ta mamaye Nepal, Bangladesh da India har zuwa kudu nesa.
Yana kiyaye katako mai tsayi, na iya hawa tsauni har zuwa 1400 m. An gina abincin a ƙarƙashin fauna na gida - arthropods, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da ƙwai. Yana son cin abinci akan 'ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin fauna, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. Abun da ake so ne don farauta don maganin ƙoshin lafiya, banda hakora, maƙala da nama na maƙarƙashiya ana amfani da su a likitan likitanci.
Korsak
Kwatanta daga waje zuwa fox na talakawa ta bambanta kawai da furcin haske, ƙarshen wutsiya baƙar fata da ƙarancin kunkuntar. Tana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Turai da Asiya. Tana shiga cikin wurare da fox na Afghanistan, tana bambanta da ita ta hanyar haske da ya fi guntu wutsiya.
Yana kula da wuraren ciyawa mai laushi tare da ƙananan tuddai, ya fi son steppes da jeji, bushe a lokacin rani, ba kuma dusar ƙanƙara sosai a lokacin hunturu. Yankin gidan yanar gizon na iya zama har zuwa kilomita 50 Km, yawanci yana nuna alamar karimci sosai, yana shimfida hanyoyi mara kyau da kuma ramuka masu hawaye a cikin raga. Suna zaune a cikin iyalai, kamar dawakai, da ma ke auren mace ɗaya.
Bayan balaga, zuriyar tana warwatse ta fuskoki daban-daban. Amma, da wuya sanyi, dangi suna haɗuwa. A cikin hunturu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ke da yawan haihuwa kuma ba sa tsoron shiga ƙauyuka. Abokan gaba a cikin yanayi da kuma gasa a cikin kayan abinci su ne talakawa dawakai da ƙyarkeci. Yana da amfani ga farautar Jawo, tunda yana da fatar fata. A dabi'a, rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6-8.
Fakar yashi
Girman yana da ƙananan, tsarin jiki kyakkyawa ne, wutsiya mara lafiyan yana da irin wannan tsayin daka wanda galibi wannan fos ɗin ana tilasta shi ja da ƙasa. Launi na hali ne ga wuraren zama - sautunan yashi mai ratsin launin ruwan kasa tare da wutsiya da kusan farin ciki na ciki. Yankin zama shine Sahara, arewa da kuma yankin tsakiyar Afirka, yankin Larabawa da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Dogon dutse da yashi ya ƙaru - ƙasarta ta asali. Maigidan da manyan kunnuwa masu kaifin baki, yana da kauri mai kauri a kafafu wadanda ke kare yashi mai zafi. Koyaya, wannan shine asalin cikin dukkan dawakai da ke zaune ƙasashe masu zafi.
Kamar yawancin mazaunan hamada, yana da damar dadewa baya shan ruwa, yana samun danshi da yakamata daga abinci. Suna da hanya ta musamman an shirya tsarin urinary, wanda baya bada izinin ɓata lokaci akai. A wasu yankuna an cika shi da fox mai launin ruwan kasa, yana ba shi girman girma. An dauki Isra'ila wata kariya ce mai kariya.
Me dawakai ke ci a yanayi?
Me ɗan daw ya ci a cikin gandun daji? Kamar yadda muka rubuta a sama, fox - dabba mai cin nama da abinci don ita ƙananan dabbobi ne daban - manyan sanduna (ƙwayayen filaye, murabba'in ƙasa), hares, tsuntsaye masu farauta a ƙasa. Dawakin ba ya ƙyamar ɗaukar kaya, haka nan kuma ragowar bayan wasu mafarauta (kyarkeci, bears), musamman idan ya faru a lokacin hunturu, lokacin kama dabbobin dabbobin da suka fi matsala.
Dawakai da suke zaune a yankuna masu tsinkaye suma zasu iya cin manyan kwari iri (gwoza, ciyawa, ayau), kwaro. Idan akwai kogi a nan kusa, to, dawakai ba za su rasa damar cin kifin ba. A lokacin bazara, menu na karnuka ya bambanta da 'ya'yan itace daban-daban, berries,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, tun da, kamar beari, foxes dabbobi ne masu iko.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: yayin farauta, dawakai zasu iya isa da gudun zuwa kilomita 50 a awa daya.
Foi Tibet
Idan kazo wucewa fox jinsunan hoto, nan da nan ka mai da hankali ga maƙiyin Tibet. Fuskarta a fuska take saboda wani babban kuren da ke wuyan wuyanta. Kari akan haka, tsummaiyoyi suna fitowa daga bakin, suna da girma fiye da sauran dawakai. A Jawo ne lush, lokacin farin ciki, tare da m undercoat. Kallon ya sake zama abin tunawa da kyarkeci, da halayyar ɗabi'a.
Jikin har zuwa 70 cm tsayi, wutsiyar ƙawa ta kai rabin mil. Girman nauyi shine kilogiram 5.5. Wannan magabcin ya ci gaba zuwa tudun Tibet, saboda ya zaɓi wuraren da babu hamada. Yankin arewa maso yamma na Indiya da wani yanki na China mazaunin sa. Ana iya ganinta a tsaunuka har zuwa 5500m. Mahalli inda aka samo abincin da ta fi so - pika.
Sabili da haka, kusan ya ɓace daga wasu yankuna na China, inda ake gudanar da kamfanonin guba na kwaro. Yana tallafawa abincinka da duk abinda zai jawo hankalin mutane. Ana amfani da fur ɗin waɗannan dawakai don sanya huluna, kodayake bashi da ƙima. Babban barazanar dasu shine karnukan mazauna karkara. Yana zaune a cikin fauna na kimanin shekaru 5, a cikin zoos - shekaru 8-10.
Fenech
Jariri wanda ke da manyan kunnuwa zaune a hamada ta arewacin Afirka. Fenechs suna da ƙanana fiye da wasu kuliyoyin gida. Jiki ba zai kai 40 cm ba tsawon, wutsiya 30 cm, Wani ɗan farauta mai nauyin kilogram 1.5. Tare da irin waɗannan ƙananan girma, kayan tallafinsa sun kai tsayin 15 cm, sabili da haka, an gano su a matsayin mafi girma a cikin masu hasashen idan aka kwatanta da kai.
Jawo yana da danshi da taushi, gashi yana da tsawo, ƙafa yana ƙasa da ƙasa don kariya daga yashi mai zafi. Suna zaune a cikin yashi mai zafi, kusa da dazuzzuka marasa iyaka. Daɗaɗɗuwa "magana", suna maimaitawa koyaushe. Kamar kowane dawakai, suna iya haushi, kuka, kuka ko kuka yayin magana. Kowane sauti yana bayyana motsin rai.
Fika na zaune har zuwa mutane 10-15. Suna da tsufa da tsufa, suna iya tsalle zuwa tsayin sama da cm 70. Ba su yawan zuwa manyan dabbobi su ci su, tunda manyan kunnuwansu suna jin yanayin haɗari. Kari akan haka, wadannan jariran suna da kyakkyawan yanayin jin ƙanshi da hangen nesa.
Fox na Afirka ta Kudu
Sunan da kanta ta ce wannan magabaci mazaunin yankunan kuducin Afirka ne. Tana ci gaba da buɗe wuraren buɗe hamada. Woodland yana guje wa. Yana da sigogi na matsakaici (har zuwa 60 cm a tsayi) da nauyi (har zuwa 5 kg). Jawo mai launin toka da azurfa a bango ya ba ta lakabi da sunan lakabi "fox na azurfa", a gefuna da ciki yawanci yakan faru da launin shuɗi.
Launin Jawo yafi duhu da wuta, ya danganta da yanayin rayuwa da abinci. Wutsiya a ƙarshen koyaushe baƙi ne. A cikin manyan kunnuwa, gashi mai haske. Ana kiyaye su shi kaɗai, an ƙirƙiri ma'aurata a cikin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. A ƙarshen zamani na haihuwa da ciyar da yara, namiji ya bar dangi. Kamar yawancin dawakai, suna omnivores. Gaskiya ne, abincin yana iyakantacce saboda karancin fauna.
A kan wannan, ana iya daukar asalin halittar dawakai ta rufe. Na gaba, zamuyi la'akari da nau'ikan dawakai daban-daban, waɗanda sune ake kira "ƙarya". Bari mu fara da monotypic - kowane nau'in halitta iri ɗaya ne.
Foctic Arctic
Ana kiranta da foctic arctic ko polar fol, kuma har ma wani lokacin ana haɗa ta cikin rukunin gungun dawakai. Amma wannan har yanzu shine wani nau'in daban daban na nau'in nau'in foctic Arctic. Girman jikin mutum da nauyinsa suna kusanci da na fulawa na yau da kullun, kaɗan kaɗan. Amma cututtukan jiki ya fi kamara idan aka kwatanta da ja mai cuta. Daga cikin launuka, fari da shuɗi an rarrabe su.
Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da inuwa daban da ulu a lokuta daban-daban na shekara. Dabbobin farin za su yi launin toka a lokacin bazara, kuma suna kama da datti. Fata na hunturu na dabba mai launin shuɗi shine yawanci launin toka tare da launin shuɗi, wani lokacin ma kofi tare da azurfa. A lokacin rani, launin ya zama launin toka-shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai laushi.
Tana zaune a gabar arewacin nahiyarmu, Amurka da kayan mallaka na Birtaniyya, da kuma tsibiran tsibirai masu sanyi waɗanda ke gefen Arctic Circle. Zabi tundra bude wurare. Tana ci akan kowa, kamar dawakai, amma bebaye, kodayake yana iya kaiwa hari ga mahaukaci. Kada ku raina gawawwakin kifin a bakin.
Yana son kyankyasai da ruwan teku. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin su a cikin kamfanonin laralaran polar, suna karɓar ragowar abinci daga ƙattai. Burrows sun tono a cikin ƙasa sako-sako da na yashi tuddai. Suna zaune a cikin iyalai, sun ƙirƙiri ma'aurata ɗayan kuma har abada. Tsammani na shekaru 6-10. Darajan wasan farashi mai mahimmanci, musamman fox shuɗi.
Michong
Foton Savannah, wani iri. Ana iya kuskure wani lokacin don ƙaramin karami wanda ke aunawa har zuwa cm 70 a tsayi kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 8. Grey tare da murfin azurfa, Fluffy Jawo, wani lokacin tinged tare da m Jawo, wutsiya wutsiya, kusan baki stripe gudanar tare da baya da kuma tare da wutsiya. A bangarorin bayyane wuraren launin launi.
Tana zaune a cikin filayen katako da ciyayi, suna mamaye gabashin da kuma arewacin arewacin da kuma tsakiyar yankin Kudancin Amurka. Yana ciyarwa, kamar sauran dawakai, akan kusan kowa da kowa. Amma a cikin wannan dabbar, robobin ruwa da crustaceans sun shiga cikin abincin. Saboda haka sunan "fox-crabeater."
Yana jin daɗin cin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Burrows kansu ba su tono, mafi sau da yawa mamaye baƙi. Suna iya raba yankin tare da wani dangi. Ana yin zuriya cikin yawan ofan kwikwiyo sau biyu a shekara, mafi girman takin gargajiya yakan faɗi a farkon watanni na shekara. Yawancin rayuwa a cikin yanayi ba a kafa su ba, cikin zaman talala za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 11.
Xan dawakai
Loner na gaba na irinsa. Yana zaune a cikin Amazon na Brazil. Fi son sel - gandun daji mai laushi na tropics, na iya hawa tsaunika zuwa 2 km. Launi na baya yana da launin shuɗi-baki ko baƙi, ciki yana da launin shuɗi, wutsiya mai launin ruwan kasa. Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu, daga nan ne aka yanke hukuncin cewa wannan dabbar tana iyo yadda yakamata ta kuma kai ga wanzuwar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa.
Hannun ƙugiyoyi, ko da daga bakin rufe yake. Maharbin yana da sirri, yana ɓoye shi kaɗai, a cikin ma'aurata yana ciyar da lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Kokarin kada kusantar da mutum, da wuya ta gan shi a kusa da ƙauyuka. A cikin bauta, da farko yana da m, to, ana iya tarko.
Babbar Madaidaiciya Fox
Ya bambanta da talakawa talakawa a cikin ƙananan girma da manyan kunne. Girman auricles yana da kusan cm 13 a tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, suna da tushe mai faɗi, don haka suna kama da kyan gani kuma suna ba da cikakkiyar damar sunan jinsunan. Launin Jawo mai launin shuɗi, tare da azur, ruwan rana da launin shuɗi.
Wuya da ciki kusan fararen fata ne. An shirya kayan dirin tare da abin rufe fuska, kusan kamar raccoon. Wsunƙun kunne da kunnuwa a tukwici suna da duhu, tare da jela akwai layin launin launi. Yana zaune ne a sassa biyu na Afirka. A gabas daga Habasha zuwa Tanzania da kuma a kudu a Angola, kudancin Zambia da Afirka ta Kudu.
Irin wannan ƙuntatawa na kewayon yana da alaƙa tare da kasancewar waɗannan yankuna na abinci na yau da kullun - madaidaicin herbivorous. Yakan sami ragowar abincin daga abin da yake samu. Wannan fox din bawai kawai shine irinsa ba, har ma da danginsa.
Kuma daga wolf subfamily, ya rage don la'akari da kabilu biyu kawai - Kudancin Amurka da dawakai masu launin toka. Da farko dai, yi la’akari da nau'in jinsin da foda mai suna sulfur yake.
Dawakai
Asalin nau'ikan dawakai da yawa Maƙaddara ta farko ƙarami ce, tana da gajerun kafafu fiye da jan fuka, don haka tana kama da ƙananan. Amma wutsiyar kyakkyawar launin toka tana da wadar girma da girma fiye da ta ɗan hamayya. Jirgin ruwan sanyi ba mai yawa ba ne, don haka yanayin sanyi bai dace da ita ba, ta zabi sashin tsakiya da kudanci na Arewacin Amurkawa don zama.
Jawo a baya shine azurfa, tare da baƙar fata tare da baki ɗaya da wutsiya. Bangarorin sun yi ja ja, ciki yana da fari. Siffar halayyar ita ce layin baki a ƙyalli, ƙetare hanci da tsawaita idanun zuwa haikalin. Gudun yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau, wanda aka kira shi "itace itace».
Fox Island
Endemic Tsibirin Channel, wanda ke bakin tekun California. (* Endemic - wani nau'in halitta ne na musamman da wannan wurin). Abun kashewa ne na jinsunan dawakai, sabili da haka suna kama sosai.
Koyaya, girman yan tsibirin suna da ɗan ƙanƙanuwa; ana iya ɗaukarsu wani misali ne na yanayin dan tsibiri. Babban maƙiyi a cikin fauna shine mikiya. Foxs na Kudancin Amurka sun hada da jinsuna 6. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kusan dukkanin mutanen yankin suna da suna na biyu "zorro" - "fox".
Furancin Paraguay
Dabbar tana da matsakaiciya a girmanta da launi mara kyau na jiki. A saman da bangarorin kai, mayafin yana da ja, a bayansa duhu ya koma baƙaƙen, muƙamuƙin da ke ƙasa kusan fari ne, saman, kafadu da tarnaƙi suna launin toka.
Wani layi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi yana gudana gaba ɗaya jikin da wutsiya, ƙarshen wutsiyar baƙar fata ne. A kan kafafu na baya akwai halayyar baƙar fata a gefe na baya. Ba wai kawai rodents, kwari da tsuntsaye ba, har ma da halittu masu haɗari - kunama, macizai da masu lila zasu iya zama ganima.
Fox dan ƙasar Brazil
An jefa launi na saman jikin mutum a azurf, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiranta da sunan "fox fox". Partashin ɓangaren cream ko inuwa mara kyau. Tare da saman hanya "dawakai" - madaidaicin yanki mai duhu.
Kunnuwa da kuma kwatangwalo na waje sunyi ja, ƙananan jawur baƙi ne. Akwai foxes baki baki ɗaya. Tana zaune a cikin savannas, yanki mai itace da tsaunuka a kudu maso yammacin Brazil. Insectsan kwari sun mamaye menu, kamar yadda wasu ƙananan haƙoran dabbar suka tabbatar.
Fon Andean
Wani mazaunin Kudancin Amurka, wanda aka gudanar a shikin yammacin Andes. Daga cikin masu hasashen, yana daukar matsayi na biyu cikin adadi, yana bawa hanya ƙyamar wolf. Yana son gandun daji tare da bishiyoyi masu rarrafe, da yanayi mai tsauri.
A cikin bayyanar - fox na hali a cikin launin toka ko jan Jawo gashi. A kan kafafu, Jawo ya juya launin ja, kuma a kan kullun sai ya zama fari. M "fox" waƙa tare da baya da wutsiya. Abinci mai gina jiki, haifuwa, salon rayuwa ya bambanta da wasu nau'ikan.
Fox ta Kudu Amurka
Argentine launin toka fox ko launin toka zorro, zauna a cikin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka, na iya rayuwa da zaɓi ciyayi na katako na Argentina, da filayen dankali na Patagonia, da gandunan Chilean masu zafi. Wasu masana suna ɗaukar shi wani nau'in gama gari tare da nau'in Paraguay iri-iri, amma har zuwa yanzu an raira shi azaman rukuni na daban na haraji.
Darwin Fox
Waɗannan dawakai yanzu kusan sun shuɗe daga fuskar duniya. Darwin ne ya gano su a tsibirin Chiloe a bakin tekun Chile.Tsawon lokaci ana daukar su wani yanki na tsibiri na Kudancin Amurka. Koyaya, wannan nau'in ya fi dan uwan na duniya girma, yana da matukar tsananin duhu, kuma nau'ikan basu yi aure a tsakanin su ba.
Launi mai launin toka ne mai duhu, tare da facin ja a kan kai. Dabbobin daji na yau da kullun da suke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji mai laima. Yana ciyar da kowa, yana zama shi kaɗai, yana haɓaka ma'aurata a lokacin lokacin kiwo.
Focuran Securan
Smallestaramin ƙananan fox na Kudancin Amurka. Yana zaune a bakin gabar yammacin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka, yana mamaye karamin sashi na Peru da Ekwado. Yankin sa yana tsakanin gandun daji da hamada. A wasu wuraren ya kankama tare da samar da abinci tare da masu fafatawa - Andean da kuma Kudancin Amurka.
Akwai abokan kalilan na halitta, cougar da jaguar kawai, amma babu da yawa daga cikinsu da suka rage a waɗancan wuraren. Amma mutum babbar barazana ce. Ana amfani da fatar jikinta ne wajen kera keɓaɓɓu da kayayyakin sana'a. Bugu da kari, ta yawanci kai hari kan dabbobi.
Fokland fox
A yanzu, ana daukar wannan nau'in halittar. Maƙaddara ita ce kaɗai ta dabbobi masu shayarwar tsibirin Falkland. Tana da ja da launin ja-mai launin ruwan kasa, wutsiya mara nauyi wacce take da baki da fari ja a ciki.
Ba ta da abokan gaba, mutane kuma sun halaka ta saboda iya maganarta. Manufar mafarautan shine kauri da kaushi daga dabbar. A halin yanzu, ana iya gani a cikin Gidan Tarihi na London a matsayin dabba mai cushe.
Fozumel fox
Foan jinsunan da ba a san shi ba da yawa da ke gab da ƙarewa. A karshe kallo wanda aka sani shine a shekarar 2001 a tsibirin Cozumel, Mexico. Amma kusan ba a yin nazari kuma ba a bayyana nau'in halitta ba.
A waje yayi kama da fox mai launin toka, ƙarami ne kawai. Wataƙila an ƙirƙiri jinsin a matsayin tsibiri, rabuwa da daw da launin toka. Kuma kamar kowane tsararren misali, kwafin kwafi ne na kamfani.
Foxens Symbolkaya
Raan rarest a cikin gidan canine. Ya daɗe yana haɗa shi cikin rukunin dawakai, don haka bari mu ɗanyi magana game da shi. Haka yake ga dukkan dawakai, Jaɓan launuka masu duhu ja, daɗaɗɗen makarkata da babban wutsiya. Baƙuwar ciki, gaban wuyan wuyansa da fari, bakin wutsiya mai baƙar fata. Ba kamar foxes ba, suna zaune cikin fakitoci, ba dangi ba.
Gidaje na dangi ne, karkashin jagorancin namiji wanda ke da mata da yara da yawa a cikin muhallinsa. Kashi na biyu garken dabbobi ne. An jera shi a cikin littafin Red a matsayin wani nau'in hadari.
Dukkanin nau'o'in nau'in dawakai da aka haɗasu ta hanyar al'ada - suna da kama da juna, bambance-bambance suna da ƙima da yawa wanda wasu lokuta ana tsammanin wannan dabba ce mai haɓaka wanda ya mamaye duk duniya kuma yana canzawa a ƙarƙashin gaskiyar abin da ke kewaye da shi.
Rayuwar Fox
Fuka-fukai ba su zuwa faɗuwa ba, suna ɓoyewa cikin mawuyacin halinsu da rana, da kuma farauta da dare. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar hangen nesa, wanda ke ba ka damar gani da dare.
Dawakai suna zaune, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ba sau daya ba, wasu lokuta biyu ko uku, kuma suna da yankin su, wanda yayi alama da irin abubuwan shakatawarsu.
Makiyan Fox
A dabi'ance, dabbar ba ta da abokan gaba da yawa, wasu haɗari na iya zuwa daga kyarket ɗaya da beyar, amma kawai idan dawakai ba tare da ɓoye ba akan ganima. Sabili da haka, babban makiyin (kamar sauran dabbobi) shine mafi haɗari maƙiyi - mutum. Mafarauta da masu farauta da yawa sun lalata yawancin dawakai saboda tsananin furcinsu, wanda daga baya yake zuwa suttattun fur.
Me yasa dawakai?
Me yasa ake kira dabbar dawakai? Wasu sun yarda cewa an saka irin wannan mummunan suna ne saboda halayen waɗannan dabbobin yayin farauta. Gaskiyar magana ita ce, wani dabbar dawakai koyaushe tayi wauta game da abin da take ganinta, zata iya yin haƙuri na tsawon awanni a wani wuri kusa da wani rami na zomo, kuma lokacinda wata ganima ta bayyana a gabanta, tana da matukar ma'ana kuma tare da saurin walƙiya ta kama shi da hakora.
Kari akan haka, dawakai 'yan sana'a ne masu kyau wadanda zasu rikita gano abubuwa da kuma kokarin biyan bukatunsu, suna canza yanayin motsi, tabbas saboda wadannan dabaru da dabi'un ne, daga lokacin da aka gabatar da taken "wayo" a hade.
Fox ɗan Amurka
Kwakwalwar Amurka tana rayuwa ne gaba ɗaya kan yankin yankin na Americanasashen Amerikan a jihohin kudu maso yammacin Amurka da arewacin Mexico. Tana da matsakaici matsakaici: tsawon jikinta yana daga cm 37 zuwa 50. Bayanin wannan nau'in dawakai an fentin su cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Siffar halayyar ɗan dawakar Amurka shine kasancewar baƙar fata a saman wutsiya.
Matakan dawakai (corsac)
Wannan fox shima yayi kama da na talakawa, amma sabanin haka yana da ƙyallen maƙalar, ƙafafu mafi tsayi da kunnuwa mafi girma. Amma girman yana karami, tsawon jikin mutum shine 0.5-0.6 m, kuma nauyin shine kilogiram 4-6. Yana da launi mai laushi da launi mai duhu ko duhu mai duhu na ƙarshen wutsiya. Farin-mutumin yana zaune a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, tun daga kudu maso gabashin Turai zuwa Asiya, waɗanda suka haɗa da Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, da Azerbaijan.
Fox a gida: kulawa da kulawa
Idan kuna neman ɓarna, to, a maimakon cat ko saba, kuna iya samun gida da dawakai, yana da mahimmanci kawai ku tuna cewa abubuwan da waɗannan dabbobin ke da ƙa'idodi masu yawa:
- Dole kyar ta zama mai sarari don ta iya yin kogon a can.
- Dole ne kuma ya kasance mai shayarwa a cikin keji don kada dawakai ta ji ƙishirwa.
- Tare da dawakai, zaku iya kuma yakamata kuyi horo, don haka baza ta gajiya ba kuma zata iya saurin kusanta da maigidanta, kamar kare, wani dangi mai nisa.
- Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar wasan roba mai zafin rai ba;
- A lokacin rani, dawakai na iya ba da warin da ke da ƙoshin ƙarfi da baƙi, kawai su ƙyalle, saboda haka za su buƙaci a yi wanka da sau ɗaya a kowane mako.
- Lokacin da aka riƙe dawakai a gida, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sami ƙwararren likitan dabbobi wanda zai yi bincike akai-akai na dabbar da kuka saba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da dawakai
- Ga wasu mutane a zamanin da shi fatun fata ce da take aiki a matsayin kuɗi.
- Kasancewar ቀበba gwarzo ne na tatsuniyoyi da yawa ba labari bane ga kowa, amma abin ban sha'awa ne cewa a cikin Mesopotamiya ta dā an girmama ta a matsayin dabba mai tsarki.
- A tsakiyar Japan, wani lokacin dawakai wani lokaci da ake kira da gaske washelf.
- Jin muryar dawakar tana da ƙarfi sosai har tana iya jin karar motsin maɓallin filin nesa nesa da mita 100.
- Wataƙila kuna karanta wannan labarin ne ta amfani da mai bincike na Mozilla Firefox, alamarin wanda shine gwarzon mu na yanzu, dawakai.
Ina dawakai talakawa suke zaune?
Hoto: dawakai talakawa na talakawa
Gasar mazaunin dawakai gama-gari suna da faɗi sosai. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne ko'ina cikin Turai, a Asiya, Arewacin Afirka, da Arewacin Amurka. An gabatar da ita kuma an ba da izini a Australia. Yanzu irin wannan dabba ta bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasashen. Bangarorin da aka kebe sune yankuna dake arewa. A cikin Turai, akwai kusan adadin goma na goma na wannan maɓallin, kuma a wasu ƙasashe - sama da talatin.
A cikin ƙasashen da ke sama, ana samun fox a duk wuri mai faɗi da kuma yanki na ƙasa. Suna jin girma a cikin tundra, steppe, hamada, a cikin tsaunuka, gandun daji marasa iyaka. A lokaci guda, suna iya daidaitawa zuwa sauyin yanayi daban-daban. Banda na iya kasancewa yankuna kawai tare da zafi sosai. Yawan dabbobi a wurare na yanki gaba ɗaya daban ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da girman adawar dawakai, da yawa daga cikinsu ana ganinsu a cikin dazuzzukan-daji, da yankuna na gaba. Sun gwammace wurin budewa, duk da labarin almara cewa irin waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa ne a cikin kurmi mai yawa.
Mafi yawan jama'ar wadannan mafarautan suna rayuwa ne a cikin daji. Koyaya, ana samun karin dawakai kusa da ƙauyuka, birane, birane. Ko da mutane ɗaya ne kawai suka hango su a tsakiyar manyan biranen. Dawakai sun saba da irin wannan yanayin. Suna samun abincinsu a wuraren shakatawa, wuraren saukar da gine-ginen gidaje, a cikin filaye a cikin gari, a cikin gine-ginen gona.
Me talakawa ke ci?
Hoto: fox jan kaya
Fuka-fukai sune maƙeran gari. Koyaya, abincinsu yana da fadi. Masana kimiyya sun ce, nau'ikan abincin dabbobi sama da dari hudu da kuma dozin iri da yawa na abincin an haɗa su cikin abincin manya.
Koyaya, mafi yawan dawakai sukan cinye waɗannan abincin:
- Rodananan sanduna. Ana iya kiransu tushen abinci na waɗannan dabbobi. Akasari foxes ganima a kan mice filin. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun lura cewa halin yawan karnuka a cikin wannan yanki ya dogara da adadin da kuma kasancewa na kananan ƙananan zuriya
- Zaitsev. Ba su da yiwuwa su fada ganima. Kawai wasu keɓaɓɓun biyan kuɗi tare da takamaiman ɓarnar da ke cikin abubuwan hares da hares. Kuma yayin annoba, maharbi zai iya jin daɗin gawawwakin waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi,
- Tsuntsaye. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da mahimmanci ga rayuwar chanterelles kamar rodents. Amma wani dawakai talakawa ba zai rasa damar da zai kama ya ci tsuntsu don cin abincin rana ba. Dabbar tana cin karo da tsuntsaye sa’ad da suke ƙasa. Mai sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta shine nestlings da ƙwai. A cikin yanayin yunwar, dawakai na iya kai hari kaji. Sukan sace su kai tsaye daga garken,
- Kwayoyin cuta. Dawakai talakawa na iya cin babban kwari, lardin su. Ba ta raina ko da ƙananan kwari,
- Shuka abinci. Bai taka muhimmiyar rawa ba a cikin abincin dabbobi. Fuka-fukai da wuya su sha abincin tsire-tsire: 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, berries, tushen sa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Fox
Mafi kyawun lokacin rana don dawakai talakawa shine dare. Sukan farauta da maraice, kuma a cikin ranar sun fi so su huta a cikin abubuwan da suke ci. Koyaya, akwai wasu keɓaɓɓun tallafi waɗanda za su iya ciyar da lokacin neman abinci a lokacin da rana su yi barci da dare. Ramin rakuman dawakai suna da tsawo sosai, suna da dakuna daban daban. Dabbobi suna ratsa su cikin tsaunuka, maɓuɓɓugan kwari. Babban dalilin ramuka shine tsari daga hatsari da gida don zuriya mai zuwa.
A lokaci guda, mace zata iya haihuwar kusan karnuka shida. Suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu a ɗayan sel. Don aminci, mace suna yin burrows tare da mafita da yawa. Wannan zai bawa dabbar da zuriyarta damar tserewa idan akwai haɗari. Don haka, alal misali, dawakai suka gudu daga karnukan farauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, dawakai basu ɓata cikin garken. Sun fi son salon rayuwa kadai. Manya kawai don lokacin haifuwa na iya zama tare. Nan da nan bayan hadi, mace da namiji su rarrabe.
Dawakai wata dabba mai hankali, mai son zaman lafiya. Ba ta shiga cikin fray ba tare da buƙata ta musamman ba. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin dabbobi suna faruwa ne kawai a lokacin lokacin kiwo da kuma sakamakon "rarrabuwa" na ƙasa. Dabba yayi ƙoƙarin guje wa ɗan adam, da wuya idan aka nuna masa idanun sa. Duk da taka tsantsan dawakai, suna bayyanuwa da kwaɗayi na musamman. Waɗannan dabbobin za su bincika kowane ƙaramin abu mai ban sha'awa da yake samu a hanyarsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Fox Cub
Lokacin kurar ɗan dawakai yana da fasali masu zuwa:
- Yana šaukar aan watanni ne kawai: daga Janairu zuwa Maris,
- Maza na iya shirya ƙaramar faɗa don mace. Koyaya, mai nasara ba shine mafi ƙarfi ba, amma mafi kyawun gani. Hakanan yayin lokacin kiwo, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin rawa da baƙon abu. Suna tsayawa a kafafunsu na dogon lokaci suna tafiya ɗayansu,
- A lokaci guda, mace zata iya haihuwa har zuwa cubaya shida. Da wuya, akwai mutane sama da goma a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. A cikin yara, auricles suna rufe gaba daya, babu hangen nesa. Sun fara gani da ji kawai bayan makonni biyu na farko,
- Fuka-fuka suna cinye madarar mahaifiya na wata ɗaya da rabi kawai. Daga nan sai su fara koyon cin nama,
- 'Ya'yan da ke girma suna ciyar da iyaye biyu. Dole ne su sami abinci kusan duk ranar,
- Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haihuwa, dawakai zasu iya barin rami da kansu. Za a iya samun matasa nesa nesa da gidansu da iyayensu. Daga nan ne suka zama sauran wadanda suka fi girma,
- Dawakai marasa galihu suna kusa su faɗi. A wannan lokacin, zasu iya barin gidan mahaifiyarsu su gina rayuwarsu. Balaga ta zo shekaru 1.5. A lokaci guda, maza sun girma da yawa daga baya.
Abokan gaba na tsoffin dawakai
Hoto: Fox
A baya can, 'yan Adam sune babban abokin gaba da dawakai. Mafarauta sun harbe wadannan mahara. Anyi wannan ne don cire yiwuwar samuwar ma'abuta ma'abuta ra'ayi. A yau, wannan matsalar ba ta zama m ba saboda kasancewar alurar rigakafi. Theirƙirar magungunan ya taimaka ƙwarai rage haɗarin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Hakanan ya kawar da buƙatar ci gaba da harbin manya.
Harbin fararen dawakai, hakika, ya ragu. Koyaya, har yanzu waɗannan dabbobin suna wahala daga hannun mutane. Mutane da yawa suna farautar chanterelles don nishaɗin kansu, farin ciki. Yawancin dabbobin da yawa suna mutuwa daga tarko akan wasu mafarautan.
A cikin dabbobi, karnuka sukan yi awon gaba da karnukan karnuka da sauran masu farauta, waɗanda sun fi girma da ƙarfi. Lynxes, Wolverines, bears ba zasu taɓa jin daɗin jin daɗin dabbar da zuriyarsa ba. Wani haɗarin mutum don chanterelles yana wakilta ermines, ferrets, har ma badgers. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a gabas sun mutu daga amsi.
Ara da ƙananan ƙananan kuɗaɗen ɗan dawakai suna shan wahala daga harin manyan tsuntsayen ganima. Mikiya, 'yan iska, shaho, gaggafa suna kashe su. Amma gabaɗaya, ba za a iya kira dawakai masu sauƙin ganima ba. Wadannan dabbobin suna da wayo, masu sauri kuma suna hawa dutsen sosai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: dawakai talakawa na talakawa
Zuwa yau, babu ingantaccen bayanai game da adadin tsoffin dawakai. Koyaya, an san cewa yawan waɗannan mafarautan sun yi yawa. Amma, da rashin alheri, yana jin daɗin canzawa.
Abubuwa masu zuwa sun shafi canji cikin yawan foxes:
- Meteorological da yanayin yanayi a cikin yanayin mazaunin,
- Yawan da wadatar kananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi,
- Yaduwar cututtuka.
A lokacin tsananin sanyi ko fari, yanayin haihuwar mace ya ragu, ƙaramin adadin offspringa offspringan yakan tsira zuwa balaga. A irin waɗannan yanayi, haɗarin cututtuka daban-daban. Da dama, ko ma daruruwan dawakai na iya mutuwa daga rabbai guda ko annoba a yankin kusan lokaci guda.
Duk da wahalolin da ake ciki, yawan ordinaryan dawakai sun isa ko'ina cikin yanayin ƙasa. Ba a lissafin wannan magabcin a cikin Littafin Red ba, ba'a rarrabe shi azaman dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, matsayin jinsin ya tabbata kuma yana haifar da rashin damuwa. A cikin daji, dawakai zasu iya rayuwa na kusan shekara bakwai. Ko yaya dai, adadin irin wadannan dabbobi kadan ne. Sau da yawa, waɗannan magabatan suna mutuwa, tun ma kafin su kai shekaru uku. A cikin zaman talala, dabbar tana rayuwa sau da yawa. Matsakaici, kimanin shekaru ashirin.
Fox na gama gari - dabba mai ban sha'awa, kyakkyawa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci tattalin arziki. Yana da Jawo mai mahimmanci, dabba kuma za a iya kiranta lafiyayyun mai tsara yanayin halitta na ƙwanƙwasa. An rarraba fuka-fukwaye kusan ko'ina cikin duniyar, sauƙaƙe don dacewa da yanayi daban-daban.