Isopods (daidai yake) suna cikin tsarin babban crayfish. A cikin duka, sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan crustaceans sama da goma da rabi, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a kowane nau'in mazaunin, ciki har da ruwan gishiri da kuma nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban. A cikin su, akwai gungun crustaceans waɗanda parasites ne.
Wannan shi ne mafi tsufa na rikice-rikice na farko har zuwa zamanin Triassic na zamanin Mesozoic. An fara gano ragowar nau'ikan halittu a cikin 1970 - mutum ne da ya saba da rayuwa cikin ruwa. Tuni a cikin Mesozoic, keɓaɓɓun wuraren zama keɓaɓɓun ruwa da ke zaune a cikin ruwa kuma sune ƙaddarar su.
Bidiyo: Isopod
A wancan lokacin, isopods basu da manyan masu fafatukar shiga sarkar abinci, su da kansu ba kasafai wasu ke cin karo da su ba. Sun kuma nuna girman matsayinsu ga yanayin muhalli daban-daban, wanda ya baiwa wadannan halittu damar rayuwa na miliyoyin shekaru ba tare da canza masu canji ba.
Lokacin farkon Cretaceous ya hada da isopods na itace, wanda aka samo a cikin amber. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a sarkar abinci na wannan zamanin. A yau, isopods suna da rassa masu yawa, yawancinsu suna da matsayin rikice-rikice.
Isopods sun sha bamban sosai da wakilan tsarin cutar kansa masu kamuwa da cuta, wanda ya hada da:
An bambanta su da ikon tafiya tare da kasan cikin ruwa, kai tare da manyan eriyoyi masu ɗorewa, yanki mai juye da kirji. Kusan duk wakilai na tsari na babban crayfish ana godiya a cikin tsarin kamun kifi.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Giant Isopod
Isopods babban iyali ne na cutar kansa, waɗanda wakilansu suka bambanta da juna ta fuskoki. Girman su na iya bambanta daga mm 0.6 zuwa 46 cm. (Gizodi mai zurfi-zurfin teku). An raba sassan jikin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban a cikin sassan, wanda a ciki yake motsa jijiyoyin ciki.
Isopods suna da gabar jiki guda 14, waɗanda kuma sun kasu kashi sassan motsi chitin. An rarrabe ƙafafunsa da yawa, wanda aka kirkira tare da taimakon farin kashi, wanda ke ba da damar isopods yadda ya kamata kuma da sauri su hau kan abubuwa daban-daban - ƙasa ko ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Saboda dorewar chitinous mai dorewa, kadarorin basu iya yin iyo ba, sai dai suyi rarrafe tare da gindin. Abun wata gabar jiki da ke bakin bakin yana hidimar karɓar abubuwa ko riƙe abubuwa.
A kan kai na isopods akwai eriyoyi biyu masu ma'ana da karin amfani da baka. Isopods ba shi da kyau gani, a wasu, an rage hangen nesa gaba ɗaya, kodayake adadin kayan adon idanu a cikin jinsuna daban-daban na iya kai dubun dubata.
Launi na isopods ya bambanta:
- fari, kodadde
- kirim,
- ja
- launin ruwan kasa,
- duhu mai duhu da kusan baki.
Launi ya dogara da mazaunin keɓewa da abubuwan da ke cikin sa, galibi yana ɗaukar aikin kamara. Wani lokaci akan chitinous faranti baki da fari aibobi tare da tsari mai daidaituwa za'a iya gani.
Saƙar toshewar itace farantin chitin kwance, wanda yawanci yana da hakora a tsakiya. Wasu lokuta irin waɗannan faranti suna iya rufe juna, suna ƙirƙirar tsari mai ƙarfi. Ana buƙatar wutsiya don isopods don saurin iyo - saboda haka yana aiki azaman ma'auni. Makapod bashi da gabobin ciki - wannan shine kayan aikin numfashi, zuciya, da hanji. Zuciya, kamar sauran membobi na detachment, an juyawa baya.
A ina ne bayyane yake?
Hoto: Tekun Isopod
Isopods sun mamaye kowane irin wuraren zama. Yawancin nau'in, ciki har da wadanda aka kashe, suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak .wa. Isopods ma suna zaune cikin ruwan gishiri na tekuna, ƙasa, hamada, wurare masu ruwa da kuma filaye iri iri da gandun daji.
Misali, za'a iya samun ganin wata babbar hanyar isopod a wurare masu zuwa:
Tana zaune keɓanta gaba ɗaya akan ƙasan teku a cikin sasanninta mafi duhu. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu kawai don kama katon isopod: don kama gawawwakin da suka fito wadanda tuni masu cin abincin suka cinye su, ko kuma saita tarko mai zurfi tare da koto wanda zai fada.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gip isopods da aka kama a bakin tekun Japan galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin tekun a matsayin gidajen dabbobi na ado.
Lice itace itace ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake keɓewa.
Ana iya same su kusan a duk duniya, amma sun fi son wuraren rigar, kamar:
- yashi a bakin ruwa mai kyau,
- sahu,
- cellars
- a ƙarƙashin duwatsun a cikin m ƙasa
- a ƙarƙashin lalata bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, a cikin kututture.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana iya samun Mokrits har ma a cikin sasanninta na arewacin Rasha a cikin gidaje da ɗakuna inda akwai ɗan danshi.
Yawancin nau'in nau'ikan kada kuri'a ba'a yi binciken su ba; wuraren zama ba su da damar aiki ko kuma ba a ƙayyade su ba. Jinsunan da aka yi nazari ana iya samun su ta hanyar mutane, saboda suna rayuwa ko dai a kauri daga tekuna da tekun, sau da yawa ana jefa su ga gaci, ko a cikin gandun daji da filaye, wani lokacin ma a gidaje.
Yanzu kun san inda isopod yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Me ke ci keɓaɓɓu?
Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, ana iya samun nau'in halittu masu rarrafe, masu hana haihuwa ko ciyawa. Giant isopods muhimmin bangare ne na yanayin kasa, musamman ma kasan ta. Masu tallata kansu ne kuma kansu ke zama abinci ga manyan mafarauta.
Abincin manya manya da ba na kowa ba sun hada da:
- kogunan teku
- soso
- nematodes
- radiyo
- halittu daban-daban da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa.
Muhimmin sashi na abincin manyan giwaye na isopods sune kifayen khalifofi da sifofi masu yawa, wadanda jikinsu ya fadi kasa - isopods tare da sauran masu zurfin teku-gaba daya suna cin whales da sauran manyan halittu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Batun mako na Shark mako na 2015 ya nuna yadda wata katuwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ke haɗuwa da ƙifin sharki ta faɗa cikin tarko. Kabran katon ne, wanda yafi shi girma izuwa wani ɗan rago, amma halittar ya kama kansa ya ci abinci da rai.
Speciesananan nau'ikan nau'ikan isopods, waɗanda aka kama a cikin manyan taruna don kamun kifi, galibi suna kai hari kifi kai tsaye a cikin raga kuma da sauri su ci shi. Ba su da ɗanɗanar kai hari ga kifi mai rai, kada ku bi ganima, amma dai ku ci moriyar shari'ar idan ƙaramin kifi yana kusa.
Manyan katunan fari suna jure yunwar cikin sauki, tana fuskantar ta a cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ba su san yadda za su sarrafa ji daɗin jin daɗi ba, don haka wani lokacin sukan cika har zuwa cikakken rashin iya motsawa. Ganawar ƙasa, kamar inji na itace, galibi ne na ganye. Suna ciyar da takin zamani da tsire-tsire sabo, kodayake wasu nau'ikan basu ƙi ɗaukar gawa da sassan jikinsu ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Woodlice na iya zama kwari iri biyu, cin abinci mai mahimmanci, da kuma halittun masu amfani waɗanda ke lalata ciyayi.
Akwai kuma nau'ikan parasitic na isopods. Sun manne wa sauran ɓarna da kifayen, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar abubuwa masu kamun kifi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Giant Isopod
Kayan gado da na inji ba mai saurin fushi ba ne. Abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu, wasu lokuta kasancewa mafarauta ne masu aiki, suna iya kai hari ga kananan ganima, amma su kansu ba za su taɓa nuna zalunci ba. Sun fi son ɓoyewa a cikin ƙasa, a tsakanin duwatsun, raƙuman ruwa da abubuwa masu narkewa.
Baƙin ruwan ɓarawon iska yana zaune shi kaɗai, kodayake ba yan ƙasa ba ne. Zasu iya haduwa da juna, kuma idan mutum daya mallakar wani reshe ne kuma yana karami, to yan izuwai zasu iya nuna wariyar dabi'a kuma su kaiwa wani wakili wani nau'i. Sukan yi ta farauta dare da rana, suna nuna ƙaramin aiki don kada manyan mahara su kama su.
Woodlice suna zaune cikin manyan rukuni. Wadannan halittun basu da isnadin rage karfin jima'i. Da rana, sukan ɓuya a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, a tsakanin bishiyoyi masu ɓuya, a cikin ɗakuna da sauran wuraren da ke da sauran wurare masu laushi, kuma da dare sukan fita don ciyarwa. Wannan halayyar ta kasance saboda cikakkiyar kariya ta katako a gaban kwari.
Manyan isopods suma suna kan farauta. Ba kamar sauran ƙasashen da ke kan gaba ba, waɗannan halittu suna da ƙarfi kuma suna kaiwa duk wani abu da ya bayyana kusa da su. Zasu iya kai hari ga halittu masu girma fiye da girman su, kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda ciwace-ciwacensu na rashin cancanta. Manyan isopods sun sami damar farauta, suna tafiya tare da tudun teku, wanda hakan ya basu damar fuskantar manyan magabatansu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Mafi yawan mambobi ne na isopods na maza ne da masu haihuwa ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye tsakanin mace da namiji. Amma a cikinsu akwai hermaphrodites, waɗanda ke da ikon yin ayyukan dukkan mata da maza.
Kwakwalwa daban daban suna da nasu abubuwan:
- mace woodlice da testicles. A watan Mayu ko Afrilu, sukan yi aure tare da maza, suna cike su da zuriya, kuma idan sun cika, sai su fashe, sai kuma ƙwayar ta shiga wuraren. Bayan wannan, mace ta yi molts, tsarinta ya canza: tsakanin nau'i na biyar da shida na kafafu an kafa ɗakin brood. A can ne ta sa kwai ya hadu da ita, wanda ke faruwa a cikin kwanaki da yawa. Tare da ita, tana kuma ɗaukar sabbin itace ƙirar itace. Wani lokaci wani ɓangare na zuriyarsa ba a amfani dashi kuma yana haɗuwa da gaba na gaba na ƙwai, bayan haka kuma dajin katako ya sake yin molts kuma ya sami tsohon bayyanar,
- manyan gilasai keɓaɓɓu kuma yawancin nau'ikan ruwa masu ruwa na kiwo a cikin bazara da lokacin hunturu. A lokacin balaguron, an kafa ɗakin tsintsiya a cikin mata, inda ake sa ƙwai da kwanciya bayan an yi aure. Tana ɗaukar su tare da ita, har ila yau suna kulawa da isopods da aka ƙi kwanan nan, waɗanda kuma suke rayuwa a wannan ɗakin na ɗan lokaci. Cubananan ƙwaya ɗaya na kama da na manya, amma ba su da kafafun gaba biyu waɗanda ke yin aikin kama-karya,
- wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin parasitic isopods na hermaphrodite, kuma zasu iya haifuwa duka ta hanyar saduwa, da kuma hada kansu. Qwai suna cikin iyo daɗaɗɗa, kuma ƙwayoyin isopods suna jingina ga jatan lande ko ƙananan kifi, suna haɓaka riga.
Baƙin mallakar isopods na rayuwa a matsakaita ne daga watanni 9 zuwa 12, kuma ba a san yawan yiwuwar rayuwa na ruwan ungulu. Manyan isopods da ke rayuwa a cikin jerin ruwayoyin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60.
Abokan gaba na halitta na isopods
Hoto: Tekun Isopod
Isopods suna zama abinci ga yawancin masu farauta da kuma omnivores. Kifi da crustaceans suna cinye baƙi ƙoshin ruwa, kuma octopuse ma sukan kawo hari wani lokaci.
An kawo hari ga giwayen dake waje:
- manyan sharks
- squid
- sauran isopods
- daban-daban teku teku kifi.
Yana da haɗari don farauta babban girar ruwan ɓoye, tunda wannan halitta tana da ikon bayar da mummunar taɓowa. Manyan baƙi suna gwagwarmaya har zuwa ƙarshe kuma basu taɓa komawa ba - idan suka ci nasara, sukan ci maharan. Isopods ba sune halittu masu gina jiki ba, kodayake yawancin jinsuna (gami da lice itace) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarkar abinci.
Ganawar ƙasa na iya cin abinci:
Woodlice ba su da hanyoyin kare kai, banda ninka ta cikin kwallon, amma wannan ba karamin taimako zai taimaka masu ba wajen yakar maharan. Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin magabatansu suna cin itacen zina, suna riƙe da adadi mai yawa, tunda suna da matukar tasiri.
Idan akwai haɗari, ƙwayoyin isopods suna birgima cikin ƙwallo, suna fallasa harsashin chitinous mai ɗorewa. Wannan ba ya dakatar da tururuwa waɗanda suke son cin ƙoshin itace: suna mirgine ƙugiyar itace zuwa tururuwa, inda gungun tururuwa za su iya jurewa ba tare da wata matsala ba. Wasu kifayen suna iya hadiye ruwan biɗen gaba ɗaya idan ba za su iya ciza shi ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Isopod a yanayi
Kasuwancin da aka sani da isopods ba'a yiwa barazanar halaka ba, basa cikin Red Book kuma ba'a jera su a matsayin jinsin da ke kusa da barazanar lalata ba. Isopods kayan marmari ne a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya.
Kifi na da wuya saboda dalilai da yawa:
- nau'ikan da ake samu na isopods sun yi kankanta, saboda haka basu da kusan amfanin abinci mai gina jiki: yawancin nauyinsu shine harsashi na chitinous,
- manya-manyan isopods suna da matukar wahalar kamawa kan sikelin kasuwanci, saboda suna rayuwa ne takamamme,
- Abincin Isopod yana ɗanɗano takamaiman abu, kodayake mutane da yawa suna kwatanta shi da m jingina.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin 2014, a cikin akwatin kifayen Jafananci, ɗayan manyan isopods ya ƙi ci kuma ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai tsayi. Shekaru biyar, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa kadawar ta cinye asirce, amma bayan mutuwarsa, wani gwaji ya nuna cewa babu abinci a ciki, ko da yake babu alamun gajiya a jiki.
Kashin ƙasa na ƙasa wanda zai iya cin itace zai iya samar da abu daga furotin wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai. Masana kimiyya suna nazarin wannan sifar, don haka a nan gaba akwai yiwuwar ƙirƙirar man ƙirar halitta ta amfani da keɓaɓɓe.
Isopod - halitta mai ban mamaki. Sunyi rayuwa miliyoyin shekaru, basu sami canjin canje-canje ba kuma har yanzu mahimman abubuwa ne na halittu iri daban-daban. Isopods zahiri zauna gaba ɗayan duniya, amma a lokaci guda, a yawancin, sun kasance halittu masu zaman lafiya waɗanda ba sa haɗari ga duka mutane da sauran nau'in halitta.
Idan kuna tunani a tunani!
Tabbas, yanzu ka'idar cewa kasan tekuna da tekuna mai zurfi bashi da ciyayi kuma babu makawa rayuwa ta wuce gona da iri. Bayan wannan, a can kasan tekun, gawawwakin manyan dabbobin ruwa bayan mutuwarsu ta asali sun faɗi. Ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin cewa irin wannan adadin kwayoyin halitta ba zai zama mai ban sha'awa ga kowa ba kuma ana iya barin shi ba tare da sarrafawa da kyau ba.
Masana kimiyya da masana ilimin halitta sunyi ƙoƙari sosai don tabbatar da cewa kasan teku ma tana rayuwa. Wata babbar hanyar isopod ce ta tabbatar da wannan. Mokritsa ya zama tauraruwa ta gaske a cikin 1879, mutane basu iya yarda cewa irin waɗannan halittu sun sami gidan su a ƙarƙashin wani kazamin ruwa wanda ba za'a iya jurewa ba.
Amintaccen umurni
Caƙƙarfan ɓoye a cikin kamanninsu sunyi kama da maɓallin katako na al'ada, wanda ya kai girman girma ko ya canza shi. A halin yanzu, akwai kusan nau'ikan tara na waɗannan manyan crustaceans.
Babban gizon keɓewa ya fi son zurfin ruwa mai sanyi na ruwan teku uku: Tekun Atlantika, Indiya da Pacific. Rashin rarraba crustaceans ba a karatu sosai. Kuma ya zuwa yanzu babu wani nau'in tsiren katon ruwan da aka sani da zai zauna gabashin yankin tekun Atlantika ko Pacific.
Wadannan halittun ana samunsu ne a zurfin nisan mita 170 zuwa 2500 a sassa daban daban na tekun. An lura da mafi yawan adadin mutane a zurfin mita 360 zuwa 750. Wadannan crustaceans suna girma har zuwa rabin mita a tsawon. Imaƙƙarfan samfurin ya kai nauyin kilogram ɗaya da rabi kuma yana da sama da 70 cm tsayi.
Me abubuwan da ke keɓewa suke ci?
An yarda dashi gabaɗaya cewa sune masu jan hankali, amma kada ku tsaya kawai akan irin wannan abincin. Suna kama farautan ƙananan gizo-gizo, kukis na teku da sauran abubuwa masu motsi a hankali. Duhu yana mulki a bakin teku, ba za ku iya samun abinci mai yawa ba. Don haka, kada kuɗaɗen shiga ya dace da irin wannan yanayin rayuwa kuma a cikin nutsuwa ta jure yunƙurin yunwar.
Af, crustaceans iya yi ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci - har zuwa watanni biyu. Idan sun sami isasshen abinci, to, suna ciyar da su gaba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, har zuwa ɗari crustaceans shaƙewa cikin ciki za a iya samu a gawa na babban dabba. Babban girar ya zama mai son cin abinci a ɗaukar kaya. Ana iya samun hotunan waɗannan halittun a yau a cikin littattafai da yawa.
Tsarin jiki
An rufe jikin mabuɗin tare da tsayayyen exoskeleton na waje, wanda aka kasu kashi kashi. Sashin na sama an haɗa shi gabaɗaya da kai, ƙananan sassan kasusuwa suna samar da garkuwar wutsiya mai ƙarfi wanda ke rufe gajeriyar ciki mai taushi. Kamar ƙwanƙolin itace, idan akwai haɗari, babban gizon isopod yana cikin zoben da aka ɗaure, an rufe shi da harsashi mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana taimaka mata don kare kanta daga mafarautan da ke kaiwa hari mafi rauni a gindin ta. Wata katuwar madaidaici na iya tsoratar da wanda bai sani ba. Ana iya ganin bayanin da hotunan halittar a wannan labarin.
Idanun halittun suna da girma, masu fa'ida da manya-manyan tsari. Suna can nesa da juna.Crustaceans suna da kyakkyawar hangen nesa. Koyaya, a cikin zurfin zurfafa, inda suke zama, dogaro da shi ba shi da ma'ana. Akwai cikakken duhu. Manya da ƙananan eriyoyi da aka haɗa a gefen gefan kai suna rawar jikin gabobin, amma suna aiki zasu iya maye gurbin warin ƙanshi, taɓawa, amsawa zuwa zafi da motsi.
Irin waɗannan ƙafafu masu ban sha'awa
Babbar katon ruwan itace tana da nau'i biyu daga kananan kafafu. An canza ma'aurata na farko cikin jajayen, suna taimakawa don kamawa da kawo abinci ga nau'i-nau'i na jaws. Jaws sun fi kama da kayan yanka lokacin cin abinci. Cernacean na ciki ya kunshi sassa guda biyar daidai. Tsarin jikin kwayoyin halitta na pepuliar ne peculiar. A launi da kwasfa na wani babban crustacean ne wajen pale, tare da Lilac ko launin ruwan kasa alama.
Babban gizon keɓewa ba a fili yake ba. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dogon lokaci ba su kula da shi ba.
Crustacean kiwo
Ana lura da babban aikin haihuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin isopods a cikin bazara da hunturu. Akwai wadataccen abinci a wannan lokacin. Manyan ƙwairan isopod sune mafi girma a tsakanin jinsunan inine na invertebrate. Tunda akwai mutane da yawa da suke son jin daɗin irin wannan abincin, kasancewar mace tana ɗauke da kwai duk kwanciya a cikin jakar odan tsira har sai wakilai na crustaceans ke guduwa daga gare su.
Abin sani kawai cewa ba larvae bayyana daga jaka, amma matasa, cikakken kafa, isopods na crustaceans. Koyaya, akwai bambanci daga tsofaffi - rashi na ƙarshe na ƙafafu na ƙafa. Ba'a san tsawon lokacin da babban gizon keɓewa ke rayuwa ba. Arfafa ƙwayoyin crustaceans yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin halitta, kodayake mutane da yawa suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya dace don kiwan waɗannan halittu a wuraren rami na wucin gadi.
Babban gizon isopods yana rayuwa a zurfafa, don haka kimiyya ba ta san komai game da halayen crustaceans a cikin mazauninsu na halitta. A cikin teku ko manyan aquariums na wasu biranen zaku iya haɗuwa da waɗannan wakilan. Sun yi haƙuri da bauta sosai, suna aiki da himma suna cin abinci.
Koyaya, an san shari'ar lokacin da wakilin crustaceans ya tafi ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon shekaru biyar. An kama shi a cikin Tekun Meksiko kuma aka wuce da shi zuwa Japan, a cikin garin Toba. Isopoda, wanda ya ji daɗin zaman fursuna, ba zato ba tsammani ya fara ƙi abinci a 2009. Duk yunƙurin ciyar da ita ya ƙare cikin gazawa. Babban gizon isopoda Vicki ya mutu bayan shekaru 5, dalilin shine sananne - yunwa.
An san cewa waɗannan halittu a cikin ɗabi'un halitta na iya yin abinci ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci ba kuma suna jin babban. Lokacin da aka ci gaba da yajin aikin crustacean shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya sun fara yayata wani mai ban sha'awa da ɗayan. Sun yi tunanin cewa kadawar keɓaɓɓen tana ci abinci a asirce, don haka yana da wuya a lura idan wannan ya faru. Wani sigar ma ya fi ban sha'awa: kadaitaccen nau'in tsiron ya ba da izini da kanshi. Amma yin duk wannan a cikin rufe akwatin kifaye a ƙarƙashin binciken kwararru kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka, zato duka suka tashi suka rushe.
Siffar masaniyar kimiyyar teku Taeko Timur ta fi kusanci da gaskiya. Tunda matsayin dabba ya kusanto da matsalar farauta, rayuwarta ke tafiyar hawainiya. Zaɓin mai yana tarawa a cikin hanta, wanda aka cinye akan lokaci, kuma ya cika kawai lokacin cin abinci na gaba. Sabili da haka, ayyukan isopods ba su raguwa.
Gip isopods ba a kama shi a cikin girman masana'antu ba, a cikin masu zaman kansu kawai. Har yanzu kuna iya ɗanɗana su. Daredevils wanda ya yanke shawarar jin daɗin naman waɗannan rashin jin daɗi a farkon kallon crustaceans lura da dandano mai ɗanɗano tare da kaza, jatan lande da crayfish. Waɗannan halittun sun shahara musamman a Japan, har ma ana ƙirƙira kayan wasan yara a ciki don girmamawa.
Wanne irin halitta ne
Mazaunan da ba a sani ba suna cikin tayin na Batynomus. An yi su kamar matsakaici. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan arthropods:
- ƙarancin isopod - yana da girman 8 zuwa 15 cm tsawon,
- super-giant - manya sunkai 17 zuwa 50 cm tsayi.
Ofaya daga cikin masu kulawar shine Bathynomus giganteus. Tsawon ya kai 19 - cm cm 37. Babban wanda aka kama yana da girman cm cm da nauyin 1.7 kg.
Mene ne sifofin bayyanar halitta
Ganin halittar yana tsoratar da mutane dayawa. Jikin yana kama da makamai, kamar yadda wani kariya daga kariya yake bayarwa. Isopod yana da launi wanda baya bugi ido. Jiki na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko ruwan leda mai launi.
Isopod ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa da aka jera a cikin tebur.
Take | Bayanin |
---|---|
Shugaban | A wannan ɓangaren shine bakin, wanda aka danƙaƙa gaba. Wannan ya zama dole don saurin shan abinci. Nika abinci a cikin bakin yana faruwa ne ta dalilin gurɓatar da abubuwa - wannan shi ne na farko na jaws. Har ila yau, ba a nesa da jaws ɗin ba, suna jefa abinci a cikin rami na baka. Suna kama da miƙe-kafan tsari. Idanu sun fi kyau kyau. Suna da girma sosai. Isopods suna da kyakkyawar hangen nesa, amma kada ku yi amfani da zurfi. A saman kai akwai wasu eriyoyi waɗanda gabobi ne masu azanci |
Reon | Tana da bangarori 7. Na farko yana haɗuwa da kai, sauran shine ciki. Cutar mahaifa ta ƙunshi kashi 5. Idan akwai haɗari, kadaitaccen yawu zai iya jefa ball cikin sauri. Wannan yana taimakawa kare yankin da suka fi fuskantar rauni, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kwandon shara. |
Pleon | Raba cikin kashi 6, akwai kuma farantin m |
Kwakwalwa tana da fasalin fasalulluka waɗanda sauran hanyoyin arthropods ba su da:
- akwai dogaye mai fadi da fadi kuma idan kuka dube ta, zaku iya tunawa fan,
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3099/raznovidnosti-izopodov-osobennosti-3F0A0.jpg)
- a kan paws akwai wasu kaifiyoyi masu kaifi, amma ba a tsara su don kai hari ba, amma ana buƙatar su don sauƙaƙe motsi akan silt,
- kyakkyawan gani
- rashin fuka-fuki
- Kafafu 14 suna da tsayi guda, don haka wani lokacin ana kiran halittar mai lebur.
Abin da isopod ke ci
Zai yi wuya a ci inda babu kusan rayayyun halittu. Amma ko da zurfi, ƙarancin itace ba su mutu. Isopods suna neman abinci. Wani sunan don arthropods shine tsari na kasan bene. Suna ɗaukar kifaye iri iri da suka mutu kuma suke a ƙasa, kamar su kifayen kifi.
Isopods farauta da kyau. Zasu iya ciyar da kanan dabbobi. Idan manyan kifaye basa nan, baƙaƙe zasu fara cinye halittun da suke tafiya a hankali. Misali, a kan kogunan teku ko kankanin soso.
Amma, akwai lokutan da babu abinci don maganin arthropods. Yanayin ya basu damar zuwa yajin aiki. Lokacin da keɓewa ya samo abinci, yakan ci abinci har sai ya daina motsi.
Tana cin kifi ko ƙananan dabbobi
Menene fasalin tsarin rayuwar
A rayuwa, isopods da wuya a tsaya a fakitoci. Mafi yawan lokuta sukan motsa daya bayan daya. Babban ƙarancin itace zai iya zama a waje da teku.
Tsawon rayuwa mafi dadewa shine kusan shekaru 5. An kama wannan nau'in ungulu a cikin Tekun Meksiko kuma aka jigilar shi zuwa Japan. Nan da nan ya daina cin abinci. Sakamakon na mutuwa ya kasance saboda matsananciyar yunwar. Amma shekaru 5 lokaci ne mai tsayi; yanayi ya samar wa wadannan halittu damar yin abinci ba tare da abinci ba.
Bayan faruwar wannan lamari, masanan kimiyya suka gabatar da hasashensu game da arthropods. Wani ya yi imanin cewa halittar tana ciyarwa cikin sirri, yayin da wasu suka ce plankton yana girma a ciki. Amma duk wannan hasashe ne kawai.
Taeko Timur - masanin kimiyyar teku, ya bayyana ra'ayin nasa. Wataƙila a cikin isopods duk matakai suna raguwa. Dangane da haka, kitse yana tarawa a cikin hanta, ana cinye shi, kuma ya sake cika bayan abinci mai gina jiki.
Guda nawa baƙon ke zaune a cikin teku, masana kimiyya ba su sani ba tukuna. Arthropods sun shahara a Japan. Akwai ma yara wasan kwaikwayo don girmama baƙon halittu.
Yadda ake yin kiwo
Maza suna neman mace kawai don na canjin sannan kuma su watse. Sake buguwa na faruwa ne musamman a lokacin hunturu ko lokacin bazara, lokacin da ake abinci. Sakamakon mating, mace ta samar da jaka don kwai a ciki. Suna can har sai da cikakken ci gaba. Jaka ta kare qwai. Dole ne a kiyaye zuriya daga magabatan, wannan na mata ne ke aikata shi.
A cikin wannan bidiyon zaku sami wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da manyan isopods:
Bayan fitar da kwai, woodlice suna ciyar da kansu. Bambanci daga tsofaffi shine rashin ƙafafun kafafun ƙafa da ƙananan girma. Eventuallyarshe ƙafafun suna kafa da kansu.
Idan sauran kwari suna kula da 'ya'yansu, to matan mace baƙuwa basa kula da yaransu. Ba su kariya daga abokan gaba kuma ba sa kusatar su.
Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da wani gwaji wanda a cikin su suka kirkiro yanayi mai kama daya don halittar mutum. Amma kyakkyawan sakamako daga wannan kwarewar ba zai yiwu ba.
Shin yana da haɗari ga mutane?
Mutane da yawa suna tsammanin cewa isopods masu haɗari ne ga mutane. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Babu wani yanayi lokacin da aka zaɓi lice itace a cikin rukuni daban daban daga ruwan. Hakanan ba sa kaiwa mutane hari.
Ba a kama halittu da yawa kamar, misali, jatan lande, amma akwai mutanen da suka yi nasarar cin abincin. Sun lura da kamancin dandano da kaza, kansar da jatan lande. Qualitieswararrun halaye masu ƙaranci suna da ƙasa, sabili da haka, abu ne mai wahala a kama isopods cikin adadi masu yawa.
Isopods basu da lahani ga mutum gaba daya.
Mene ne sifofin gano keɓaɓɓe
An fara bayyana wannan asalin a cikin 1870. Wannan ya faru ta hanyar Alphonse Milne - Edwards - masanin ilimin likitancin Faransa. Alexander Agassis ne ya aiko da ƙoshin ƙurar itace (Isopod). A shekara ta 1877 an yi balaguron jirgin Blake a cikin Tekun Mexico. Agassis ya aika da keɓaɓɓen ɓoye tare da sauran ɓarna. Wannan shine babban abin da masana kimiyya suka gano, kamar yadda suka karyata zato cewa teku ce mara rai. Abin takaici, kawai an bai wa maza daga balaguron, kuma ba a iya kama macen har sai 1891.
Isopods halittu ne masu firgita. Lokacin kallon hoto na katon katako na itace, tsoro galibi yakan bayyana a cikin mutum. Amma a zahiri, basu da haɗari ga ɗan adam. Babu wani batun samun 'yancin kai na itace a bakin ko hari ga mutane. Ainihin, bazuwar keɓaɓɓun zama a cikin teku.
Bayanin babban gizon keɓaɓɓu
Giant isopods sune kwayoyin crustacean wanda ya hada da wasu nau'ikan 15. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana samun waɗannan dodannin na halitta a cikin zurfin ruwa na Tekun Atlantika, Pacific da tekun Indiya. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa waɗannan halittu zasu iya rayuwa ba kawai a cikin waɗannan wurare ba, saboda ba a yi nazarin duniyar ɗan adam ba kuma yana da matuƙar wahala a tantance duk mazauninsu.
Wadannan crustaceans dangi ne na katako na katako, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin gidaje da ginin ƙasa, amma suna da mafi girma dabam-dabam. Wadannan halittun misali ne na girman teku mai zurfi, wanda ke nufin jan hankalin wasu halittun da suke rayuwa a cikin ruwa su kai girman girma fiye da danginsu na duniya. Kadaitaccen da yake zaune akan ƙasa bai wuce 5 cm a tsayi ba, amma babban wakilin yana wuce gona da iri a wannan sigar.
Matsakaicin tsaran waɗannan mazaunan ruwa ya kasance daga cm 20 zuwa 36. Jikin, kamar na injunan itace, an matse shi a cikin ɓangaren dorso-ciki, kuma yana da kariya sosai ta hanyar disoskeleton mai yawan gaske, wanda a cikin farar ƙasa yake kasancewa. Exoskeleton ya ƙunshi bangarorin da ke mamaye juna. Gwargwadon ƙaƙƙarfan iko yana da ikon ninkawa cikin “ƙwallo”, kamar brothersan uwansu na amphibian, don kare kansu daga abokan gaba.
Babban fasali na crustacean shine idanunsa, waɗanda suke nesa da juna a kai kuma sun ƙunshi kusan fuskoki 4,000. Hangen nesa suna da kyau, na gaba, idanu suna da tasiri.
Jikin wata babbar katuwar ƙwaƙwalwa yana ƙunshe da sassa da yawa. Akwai wasu eriyoyi da yawa, harma da nau'i-nau'i bakwai na kafaffun pectoral, na farko wanda ya fara ɗaukar abinci, sabili da haka yana da bayyanar mandibles. Af, halittar tana da jaws hudu.
Wadannan mazaunan teku mai zurfi suna da launin fata mai launi mai launi ko launin ruwan kasa.
Habitat da abinci mai gina jiki
A karshen karni na sha tara, an yi imani cewa zurfin teku ba su da rai. Amma a wannan lokacin ne masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa Alfons Milne-Edwards ya fara bayyana babbar girar da ke ɓoye a ƙarshen Gaban Mexico. A wannan gano ne ya tabbatar da cewa rayuwa ta wanzu a cikin zurfin ruwan teku.
Masana ilimin kimiyya a halin yanzu suna gano waɗannan dabbobin a duk yammacin Western daga America (Georgia) zuwa Brazil, gami da Gulf of Mexico da Caribbean. Saboda hadaddun nazarin zurfin teku, an yi imanin cewa sauran yankuna na mazauninsu na iya wanzu.
Zurfin da waɗannan dabbobin suke rayuwa ya bambanta daga mita 170 zuwa mita 2140, wannan yanki yana nuna ƙarancin matsin lamba da ƙarancin zafin jiki - kimanin digiri huɗu na Celsius. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa kamar babu iyaka - kawai a zurfin tsakanin 22 da 280 m.
Babban abincin abinci na wadannan halittu shine satar dabbobi da kuma lalata jikin wasu dabbobi. Saboda wannan, manyan pan fari-ky ana kiransu "masu veanyen teku." Ta hanyar dabi'arsu, sune carnivo kuma babban abincin yana cikin karnukan kifi, squids da kifi. Bugu da kari, waɗannan wakilan crustaceans na iya yin azaman magabatansu da farauta don abin da ke motsawa a hankali: alal misali, tekun teku, nematodes da sponges.
Rayuwa a kasan teku ba sauki ba ce, saboda abinci wani lokaci yana cikin matsanancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, don haka ana tilasta isopods yin farauta ko kawai zauna na dogon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba. Suna dacewa sosai da azumi kuma suna iya tafiya ba tare da abinci ba har zuwa shekaru biyar.