Tabarbaƙin cikin kifi - ɗaya daga cikin iyalai mafi kyawun kyawun kifin teku, yana da haɓaka 10 da haɓaka 130. An rarraba su galibi a cikin Tekun Indiya da Pacific, amma ana samun su a cikin Atlantika, kuma ba kawai a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙananan wurare ba, har ma a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Dukkan jinsunan suna zaune a tsiri gabar tekun, galibi galibi al'umomin murjani ne da kuma cunkoso. Suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya, basa ƙaura kuma suna manne da wannan sigar a duk rayuwarsu. Maƙanƙan baƙin labau suna zaune shi kaɗai, ba tare da samar da garkuna da gungu ba, suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Musamman siffar jikin - yana da girma kuma yana matse jiki - yana basu damar deftly rawar daji a cikin labyrinths na murjani na murjani. Smallan ƙaramin bakin waɗannan kifayen suna nan a ƙarshen ɓangaren rostral na kai wanda aka haɓaka cikin bututu, saboda haka suna iya sarrafa ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa daga kunkuntar abubuwa tsakanin sassan murjani, kamar hancin, don samun murhun murjani da kansu. Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan 'yan kwalabe suna ciyar da polyps na wasu nau'ikan murjani, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da ƙwarewa kuma suna ciyar da allunan murjani da zooplankton, algae filamentous har ma da wadataccen ruwan urchins. Kifin malam buɗe ido na wasu nau'in na iya juya zuwa "masu tsabta," suna tattara abubuwa daga saman jikin wasu kifaye. Rarraban ƙusoshin haƙoran ba a rarraba su ba, yana shimfiɗa duk jikin mutum, wani lokacin yana da ɓangaren gaba wanda yake kama da gashin tsuntsu. Waɗannan ƙananan sikelin (daga 7 zuwa 30 cm tsayi) kifi ana nuna shi ta haɗuwa da baki da rawaya, da haɗuwa da baƙi da azurfa, har da launin ja, ruwan lemo da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Wani fasali na kifin malam buɗe ido shine cikakkiyar rashin ɗaukar nauyinsu na tsufa: soya na waɗannan kifayen suna da launi iri ɗaya daidai da manya (sabanin soya na angelfish.) Bugu da ƙari, yayin haɓaka lardin, wanda ke faruwa a cikin ruwa, a cikin kamun kifin malam buɗe ido akwai wani matakin da ake kira tolichtis, lokacin da wani nau'in farantin kasusuwa da jijiyoyinsu suka bayyana a saman larvae. Larvae a matakin tolichtis yana zaune a cikin rukunin ruwa kusa da bakin tekun.
Duniya
Mafi kyawun hotunan dabbobi a cikin yanayin halitta da kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi a duniya. Bayani dalla-dalla game da salon rayuwa da gaskiya mai ban mamaki game da dabbobin daji da na gida daga marubutanmu - masanan halitta. Zamu taimake ku nutsar da kanku cikin duniyar kyakkyawa kuma bincika dukkanin sasanninta da ba a taɓa kwance ba a sararin duniyarmu!
Gidauniyar don Ci gaban Ilimi da Ci gaban Ilimin Yara da Manya "ZOOGALACTICS ®" OGRN 1177700014986 TIN / KPP 9715306378/771501001
Shafin yanar gizonmu yana amfani da kukis don sarrafa shafin. Ta hanyar ci gaba da amfani da shafin, kun yarda da sarrafa bayanan mai amfani da kuma sirrin sirri.
Rayuwa cikin yanayi
Labalaba kifi na zuriyar Afirka ne. Laananan tafkuna masu ɗumi da ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka mazauninsu ne. Kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa wanda dole ne kuyi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar lokacin tsara ƙirar gidanku ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu ne, tsire-tsire masu iyo a saman ruwa, da zazzabi mai zafi.
Halin Pantodon a cikin yanayi yana jan hankalin 'yan jarida na dabbobi daga ko'ina cikin duniya: yawancin shirye-shirye sun ƙunshi bayanin yadda ƙifar asu ke farauta da rayuwa. Babban fasalinsa shine yana iya tsallakewa daga cikin ruwa don kama kwari da suke tashi sama da saman ƙasa. A lokaci guda, tana shimfiɗa heranƙan ƙyalli kamar fuka-fukan malam buɗe ido, wanda ta sami irin wannan sunan soyayya. Baya ga kwari, pantodons suna ciyar da larvae, ƙananan kifi.
Bayanin
Kifin Pantodon yayi kama da magabatan sa na nesa. A cikin miliyoyin shekaru, kifin bai canza ba. Tsarin Jiki - ƙaƙƙarfan kwalliya tare da ɗakin kwana, idanu suna kan bangarorin, amma suna iya mai da hankali kan abubuwa sama da kifin. Kifi ya tsage saboda manyan kararraki, na budewa ta fuskoki kamar fuka-fuka ko asu, da kuma wutsiya mai karfi. A cikin ciki akwai rays da yawa na finfin ventral fin, wanda shima yana cikin motsi. Bakin yana da girma, lebe na sama yana dan kadan an daga shi don dacewa a kama abinci, kuma ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna da ƙarfi, yana da ƙarfi kuma yana buɗe ƙasa.
Musamman masu karɓar fatar akan fatar kuma ana ɗaukar su fasalin fasali, saboda wanda pantodon yake jin ƙarancin canji cikin ruwa lokacin da farji ko sauro suka farfaɗa saman.
Pantodons sun zama dangi na musamman - kwari. Tana da nau'in guda ɗaya kawai - Buchholz pantodon, wanda aka sanyawa sunan sunan masanin kimiyya wanda ya bayyana shi. Jikin kifin suna kama da siffar jikin Arovan, sun kasance iri ɗaya ne. Girman - har zuwa 12 cm (a cikin akwatin kifaye - har zuwa 10 cm). Launi na kifin suna da ladabi ta hanyar ka'idodin akwatin kifayen gida - zaitun-mai launin toka mai duhu mai duhu tare da sautunan launin shuɗi a kan kai da kirji. Udazanta da ƙwayoyin ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna da ruwan hoda. Daga goshi zuwa ƙananan muƙamuƙi akwai keɓaɓɓiyar ratsi duhu. Amma, duk da tufafin launi, mutane da yawa aquarists suna son samun irin wannan dabbar.
Abincin Baki
Bishiya mai kifi Abinda ya fi dacewa don nemo abinci a cikin kunkuntar makoki da lalacewar duwatsun da murjani.
Tushen abincin abincin duka malam buɗe ido kifi hada hanyoyin motsa jiki daban-daban. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan ƙananan zooplankton na bentyic (galibi crustaceans da larva na wasu invertebrates a cikin bentyic Layer), ƙananan polyps da kuma shinge na manyan polyps na dabbobi na hanji (murjani, anemones teku ...) da gamsai, kazalika da ƙananan tsutsotsi da kifayen kifi. Bugu da kari, a cikin abincin mutane da yawa malam buɗe ido kifi filamentous algae sun shigo.
Wasu nau'in, musamman duhu-na fari-toothed gimitauricht da kabu makaranta, suna ciyar da kan plankton kuma galibi suna samar da manyan garken sama a saman dutsen reefs.
Ya kasance malam buɗe ido kifi wanda menu keɓancewa sosai ƙwararru. Sakamakon gasar cin abinci tare da wasu nau'ikan da ke zaune tare da murjani, sun haɓaka da keɓance damar cin abinci na musamman ba tare da sauran kifayen ke buƙata ba. Misali, wasu nau'in malam buɗe ido kifi ciyar da keɓaɓɓu kawai akan polyps na murjani na murjani Pocilloporawasu suna jan hankalin kawai Goniasterea ko Asrora ...
Game da jarabar abinci na wani ko wata malam buɗe ido kifi, zaku iya yin hukunci ta hanyar tsarin aikinsu na baki: idan ya kasance gajere ne, to mai shi shine mai cinye polyp na murjani. Ya kasance malam buɗe ido kifi tare da dogon bakin (daga lokacin haihuwa) Chelmon, Chelmonops, Mai yin kyauta da sauransu), wanda kuma ke ciyar da murjani, amma ba a “kwance” su akan murjani ba. To yaya ake? malam buɗe ido kifi ƙanana da gajerun hakora, masu kama da na goge goge ("Bristles"). Sun fi dacewa da ciji ko ciwan ƙananan abinci abinci. A mafi yawancin halayen, kifi “masu tsabtace ne,” kuma kadan ne daga nau'in halittu ke ciyar da abinci akan plankton, watau kananan halittu masu iyo a ruwa. Wasu sun sanya kansu a matsayin masu tsabtace kifaye duk rayuwarsu; a wasu kuma, yara kanana ne ke yin aikin tsabtace sauran kifaye daga cututtukan fata da ɓoyayyen fata. Kuma wasu nau'in, gabaɗaya, duk duniya ne - tare da polyps murjani, suna farin cikin cin kowane nau'in ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, tsutsotsi, sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki har ma da algae.
Kiwon kamun kifi a cikin yanayi
Yawan jima'i a bayyanar malam buɗe ido kifi rauni ko rashi. Ga balagarsu na faruwa a farkon shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.
Da zato duk malam buɗe ido kifi sune hermaphrodites, wato, daga maza sun koma ga mace. Canjin jima'i ya danganta da nau'in halitta yana faruwa ne a wani lokaci na lokacin kifayen ko saboda matsin lamba na jama'a, wato mamayar wasu mutane akan wasu. Dukkan zaɓuɓɓuka biyun zasu iya gudana cikin layi daya. Akwai yuwuwar cewa canjin jima'i ya kasance ne saboda kifin ya kai wani zamani.
Mambobi ne na akasi na yawancin jinsuna malam buɗe ido kifi ma'aurata. Wasu nau'in ana adana su a fakitoci koyaushe ko kuma a haɗe su cikin waɗanda ke cikin lokacin ɓarna.
Ma'aurata masu ilimi na iya zama na dindindin, kuma nace tsawon rayuwa (Chaetodon ephippium, C. unimaculatus ...) ko na ɗan lokaci (Chaetodon lunula, C.ornatissimus, C. reticulatus ...).
Wasu nau'in malam buɗe ido kifi (daga zooplanktonophages) kamar Hemitauricthys polylepis, H. zoster ko Heniochus diphreutes, kullun manyan Shoals suna rike da su.
A cikin ruwa mai zafi malam buɗe ido kifi asali a cikin shekara kuma kawai a cikin wasu nau'in tsalle-tsalle na yanayi ne na yanayi (Chaetodon miliaris - Hawaii - daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu).
Kamar sauran kifayen da suke zaune tare da murjani, kifayen ƙwallon ƙafa sune pelagophiles, wato, sun tsunduma cikin sashin ruwa, galibi kusa da farfajiya.
A cikin jinsunan da ba su da ma'aurata na dindindin, ana yin aure a cikin yini, wanda mace ɗaya da maza da yawa, wani lokacin kuma gungun kifayen mata da maza daban-daban. Zuwa maraice, sau da yawa yayin tashin hankali, nau'i biyu, kuma tare da damina ta gabato, damfara ta faru. Girgiza shi, kifin ya hau zuwa inda mata suka yi tsalle, kuma mazajen da ke bin su ya ba da takin. Masu samarwa ba su kula da caviar da larvae (a cikin yawancin nau'ikan halittu).
Caviar na bristle-toothed pelagic, ƙanana (diamita ƙasa da 1 mm). Ana wadatar da qwai da digo mai, saboda abin da suke iyo a cikin ruwa ruwa, bayan kimanin awanni 24, tsutsa mai tsayi daga tsinkayen mm 2 mm daga gare su. Larvae suna da kwalkwali na kasusuwa a kawunansu, sau da yawa tare da lasifika mai kaifi, irin wannan tsutsa mai tsini ana santa da ƙugiya-ƙwarya (babban ƙaya). Suna wucewa a cikin kogunan ruwa. A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, matakin lardin yana daga ranakun 19 zuwa 57. Babban tsutsa - mafi tsayi fiye da 6-7 mm - a cikin rawaya malam buɗe ido - ƙamshi Fasaha flavissimus. Bayan haka sun juya zuwa soya. Bayan sun kai girman 10 mm, sai su gangaro zuwa ga murjani murjani, inda nan da nan zasu sayo tsoffin kaya.
A wasu nau'ikan malam buɗe ido kifi, yawanci kusa da tsari, ana lura da lamuran samuwar bakararre.
A yau kiwo malam buɗe ido kifi a cikin yanayin akwatin gidan mai son ba a lura da shi.
Tsarin Kifi na Butterfly Fish
Masu neman ruwa da tsaki a fannin kwastomomi sun rarraba dangin bristle da yawansu ya kasu kashi uku: "na kwarai" malam buɗe ido kifi, hanzuna da kwari masu huda rai, kodayake, daga yanayin duba batun haraji, dukansu “ainihin” ne malam buɗe ido kifi. Amma, tunda wannan yanayin yana daidaitawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, za mu manne da shi.
Gaskiya kifi mai kamshi
Kyau Amphichaetodon
Kyau Amphichaetodon ya hada da nau'i biyu: Amphichaetodon howensis da A. meibae. A cikin yanayin kalmomin, duka kifaye biyu suna kama da wakilan janareto. Chelmonops (siffar fuska) da Chaetodon (tsarin jikin mutum). Ana samun su cikin wurare masu zurfi, wani lokacin har ma a cikin yankuna mara kyau a yammacin da gabashin sassan Tekun Pacific. Don akwatin kifaye masu cike da ruwa ba su da ban sha'awa.
Kyau Chaetodon
Babu wata hanyar ɗan adam da ke nuna irin halaye na dangi. Chaetodontidae, kamar yadda Chaetodon. A lokacin da iri-iri ko aquarists magana game da malam buɗe ido kifi, to, koyaushe yana nufin abu ɗaya: kyakkyawan kifin, wanda za'a iya kwatanta kyawawan launinsa kawai da murjani, a cikinsu suna iyo kuma suna more polyps ɗin su. Wannan hoton mara tushe ne mara tushe, tunda Chaetodon sunyi lissafin nau'ikan 90, yawancin wakilan bristles.
Yawancin kifin malam buɗe ido na halittar Chaetodon bai dace da adana ruwa a cikin ruwa ba, saboda sun ƙware a cikin cin polyber coral. Banda ne kawai manya manyan aquariums tare da yawa murjani cewa malam buɗe ido kifi na iya ciyarwa ba tare da haifar da lahanin ɓarna ga wadancan wuraren ba. Sau da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen daban-daban ana ba da shawarar cewa a adana waɗannan nau'ikan cikin tsarkakkun kifin inda babu murjani.
Daga al'adar kiyaye kifin gwaninta a cikin murfin murjani, ana iya kammala da cewa mafi yawan malam buɗe ido kifi ba tare da murjani ba, ba zai rayu ba.
Koyaya, akwai banbancen: a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa a cikin hanyoyin cikin ruwa zaka iya ƙunsar, da farko, Chaetodon auriga, C. kleinii, C. madagascariensh da C. xanthurus. Amma mafi mashahuri memba na genus, ba shakka, S. semilarvatiischic malam buɗe ido kifi, wanda, a cikin Jar Teku, ba mai ruwa guda ɗaya da zai iyo. Kuma kodayake wannan kifin yana cin murjani daban-daban (da farko masu laushi), a cikin manyan ɗakunan ruwa ana iya gamsar da mai shi na dogon lokaci, idan ƙarshen ya ɗauki lalacewar kifin a matsayin ladabi don kyawunsa na ban mamaki.
Kyau Haɓakawa
Abun jan karfe ko lemo mai nau'in halittar halittar uku Haɓakawa karfi da tunatarwa Chelmon spp. da nau'ikan wasu janareto. Tsarin tsagewa a cikin iyali malam buɗe ido kifi - a gama faruwa. Wakilan kwayoyin Haɓakawa Sanannen abu ne a cikin murjani na murjani na Indo-Pacific, inda ake ajiye su gaba ɗaya a cikin nau'i-nau'i kuma suna ciyar da ƙananan crustaceans da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa. Da alama waɗannan kifayen an ƙirƙira su ne don akwatin kifaye, amma suna da kunya, masu haɗari ga cututtukan cututtuka kuma da wuya su canza zuwa abinci na halitta.
Kyau Kararrakawa
Halin halittar ya kunshi nau'ikan halittu hudu da aka samo a cikin Tekun Pacific da Indiya. Biyu daga cikinsu, da aka sani da daskararren dutsen niƙa suna da ban sha'awa - H. polylepis da H. zoster, wanda tare da amincewa za a iya danganta shi ga waɗannan 'yan wakilan dangin waɗanda' 'dacewar' 'su ga akwatin kifayen da aka tabbatar akai-akai a aikace. A dabi'a, kifayen halittun biyu suna taruwa a cikin manyan makarantu a bayan ƙasan teku don farautar iyo domin yin iyo a cikin ruwa. Ana aiwatar da ingantaccen aikin kiyaye waɗannan kifayen a cikin sananniyar akwatin kifin jama'a na birnin Nancy. Wannan nau'in ya fi son zama ba kusa da reefs ba, amma kusa da ƙananan silty.
Kyau Parachaetodon
Parachaetodon ocellatus, kawai nau'in kwayar halittar, kawai take kamar kifayen ƙwallen Chelmon rostratus, tare da gajeruwar muck. Amma, bisa ga tsarin kararraki, ya fi kusanci ga halittar ɗan adam Chaetodon, daga nau'in halittar da aka banbance shi ta hanyar wasan zagaye kawai.
Kyau Johnrandallia
Saboda yankin rarrabawa (daga yankin Gulf na Kalifoniya zuwa tsibirin Galapagos), a ciki akwai takamaiman tsarin zazzabi, da monotypic (watau nau'in guda ɗaya) asalin Johnrandallia don aquariums na ruwa na ruwa ba shi da ban sha'awa. Zai dace a ambaci kawai game da halayen halayen jinsin J. nigrirostris yana aiki a matsayin mai tsabtacewa, yana ƙirƙirar a lokaci guda mafi girman "tashoshin" don tsaftacewa, wanda muka sani Magungunan Magunguna. Bayar da irin wannan sabis ɗin ga wasu kifaye don kamun kifin ba da sabon abu ba ne: matasa da yawa suna tsabtace maƙwabtarta, amma J. nigrirostris na musamman a cikin wannan, shi kaɗai ne a cikin iyali, ya ci gaba da yin wannan tun yana girma.
Tsarin akwatin kifaye
- --Arar - ba ta yin wannan rawar kamar yankin farfajiya. Ya kamata a cikin akwatin kifin ya zama aƙalla 90 cm tsawo, aƙalla 35-40 cm faɗin. Zurfin kusan 20-25 cm .. Tsawon ganuwar ya kai cm 10 cm sama da gefen ruwan. Dangane da waɗannan sigogi, ana kirga ƙimar kowace kifi - kimanin lita 50 a cikin kowane mutum ɗaya,
- Il ƙasa - duhu ya fi dacewa, girman ba shi da mahimmanci, tunda kifi kusan ba ya zuwa ƙasa,
- Fil ɗin ƙarancin abu ne. Daidai ne, gaba daya cire motsi na ruwa (duk da haka, a wannan yanayin yana iya yin tururuwar, bayan haka, akwatin gidan ruwa ba babban tafki bane). Wannan zai kawo yanayin zaman bauta kusa da na halitta, masun masaniya,
- Aeration - kifi na buƙatar iska, amma kuma aƙalla, saboda kumfa ba su haifar da hakora da kwararar ruwa ba,
- Kayan ado - yakamata su ƙunshi mafaka inda kifayen zasu iya ɓoyewa. Pantodons masu halin mutuntaka ne masu tsoron Allah,
- Tsirrai masu rai suna iyo, zasu taimaka wajan ɓoye ɓangaren ruwa kuma su sa yanayin rayuwa na pantodons ya fi dacewa,
- Haske yana da matsakaici matsakaici, babu buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin samar da haske,
- Ana buƙatar murfin murfi saboda iyawar tsalle na asali na kifin.
Fishan jan kifaye
Kyau Chelmon
Kyau Chelmon kadan, yana da jinsuna uku ne kawai. A gaban mabambantan ruwa da na ruwa masu ruwa da tsaki, dukansu suna da ƙifan kifi. Mafi sau da yawa, aquariums dauke da kyakkyawa mai dogon fuska-mai kyau C. rostratus. C. marginalis - wani nau'in mai kama daya da aka samo a cikin ruwan Ostireliya da Papua New Guinea, ya bambanta a zahiri kawai ban da tsararren lemuran a tsakiyar jiki. Wannan fasalin, har ma da iyakataccen iyaka, ya sanya wannan nau'in ya zama na musamman: amma menene keɓaɓɓe, Ina son in sami mai yawa, kuma hakan ya sa wannan kifin yana da tsada sosai. Ana lura da yanayin juyin a kusa C. mudleri, nau’i na uku na wannan halittar: an kuma samo shi kusa da Arewacin Ostiraliya, yana da alaƙa da duka danginsa, amma yana da gajeriyar rauni kuma yana ɗaukar raunin launin ruwan kasa, a takaice, “mummuna duckling”.
Duk nau'in kifin tweezer Chelmon da kyau sosai don kula da akwatin kifaye, babban abin shine ba batun waɗannan dabbobin da ke da rauni ba don damuwa da yawa kuma su ciyar da kyau. Basu daskarewa murjani (ba damuwa ko sun kasance fata, laushi ko murjani mai ƙarfi), ba sa taɓa yawancin anemones teku, kuma ƙananan tsutsotsin tubular ne kawai (ƙasa da kullun) tridaknas zasu iya bayyana akan menu. Musamman shahara tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaran ruwa C. rosfratos saboda "ƙaunarsa" don gilashin giya mai cutarwa ga akwatin kifaye.
Kyau Chelmonops
Halin halittar Chelmonops ya ƙunshi jinsuna biyu (C. tsintsiya da C. cunosus), waxanda suke da kama sosai da kifin halittar Chelmon. amma suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai zurfi na Ostiraliya kuma da wuya su dace da kiyaye akwatin kifaye tare da yanayin wurare masu zafi.
Kyau Mai ba da izini
Abubuwa biyu na Halittar Yanayin tsaka-tsakin suna zaune kusan dukkanin yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Indo-Pacific. A cikin launuka biyu masu bambancin launuka, launin shuɗi-baki, akwai nau'ikan ma'anar maganganu, waɗanda suke da yawa sosai a wasu wurare. Godiya ga matsanancin makamancin, wadannan kifayen sun kawo dabarar abinci daga wuraren da babu wani kifi da zai iya shiga kamala. Fasaha flavissimus da F. dogonirostris kasance a cikin wannan karamin da'irar kifi na iyali da za a iya adana a cikin hanyoyin ruwa, saboda yanayin gastronomic. Ba sa cin murƙus, amma tsutsotsi, tarkacs da duk sauran, waɗanda za su iya amfani da dogon bakinsu, suna more kansu da nishaɗi.
Kyau Kayan tsari
A baya can, waɗannan kifayen an danganta su ne ga sifofin Chaetodonamma shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, masu rajin haraji sun gano nau'ikan tara a matsayin halittar 'yanci - Kayan tsari. Hakanan ana ɗaukar su a matsayin mai daushin kifin, ko da yake bakinsu ba shi da elongates fiye da na wakilan mambobin da suka gabata, kuma abincin ya ɗan bambanta. Baƙi suna zaune a Indo-Pacific da Atlantika, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ana samun su a zurfin sama da mita 200.
Yadda ake ciyar da pantodon
Maƙƙarƙƙarfan kifi maƙiyi ne, kuma abincin da take so ya dace. Fiye da kyau, abinci ya kamata ya rayu. Ko da tsananin daskarewa na jini yakan rasa mai rai. Mafi dacewa don ciyar:
Dole ne abinci ya kasance a farfajiya. A cikin yanayi, pantodon ko dai ya kama kwari a sama, ko kuma ya tattara waɗanda suka faɗo akan ruwa, amma har yanzu suna motsi da haifar da raƙuman ruwa a farfajiya.
Kuna iya koyar da kifin asu a bushe abinci. Amma ba a ba da shawarar wannan ba, tunda ba cakuda ɗaya ba zai ba da isasshen abubuwan ganowa don kula da lafiya da kuma rigakafin pantodon.
Sharuɗɗa don zaɓar abinci: don kada ku kawo kamuwa da cuta a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana da kyau kada ku kama ƙudaje da kwari don pantodons akan titi. Abu daya ne lokacin da pantodon ke zaune a cikin tafkin Afirka na tsabtace muhalli, wani abu kuma karamin kifin ruwa ne, wanda ya dace da yanayin halittar kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta. Ana iya shigo da su tare da kwari da aka kama akan titunan birni. Saboda haka, aquarists dauke da kifi na malam buɗe ido, tashi kwari daban-daban daga maggots.
Halayya da Yarbuwa
Namann abinci a cikin ruwa shine mai cin gaban ruwa, amma yana da aminci. Duk abin da pantodon ya fahimta a matsayin abinci, zai ci. Fisharamar kifin da ya dace da bakinsa (har zuwa 5-6 cm), kwari, shrimps, crustaceans - zai gwada kowa a kan haƙori. Saboda haka, wannan halittar babu shakka bai dace da maƙwabta ba. Ko da wanda abin da aka azabtar zai iya zama maƙiyin da zai iya kare kansa, pantodon yana da ƙaramin ƙarfi da amsawa nan da nan.
A lokaci guda, pantodons suna zaune a cikin saman ruwa, kuma duk abin da ya faru a ƙasa ba karamin damuwa bane gare su. Amma babban kifi da alama ba zai iya zama tare da pantodons kuma ya yarda da yanayin su. Da wuya irin kifayen za su ji daɗi a cikin akwatin ruwan 20 cm kuma a zazzabi na 27 ° C. Saboda haka, karfin waɗannan kifayen da wasu ke da kaɗan. Ba shi da ma'ana a ƙara wani a cikin sumar, sai dai wataƙila, kifayen khalifa (kar a manta da ciyar da su!)
Haƙiƙƙar ƙiyayya na faruwa ne kawai idan babu isasshen sarari ko abinci. Za a iya kiyaye kifin asu a cikin ƙaramin garke na guda 5-6 ko fiye, idan akwatin kifaye ya ba da dama. Halin kifin yana da hali: a lokacin rana suke tafiya a hankali a saman ruwa a cikin tsammanin abinci. Lokacin da aka firgita ko yayin wasannin, suna tsalle daga ruwa, saboda haka ana buƙatar murfi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ya kasance a wani ɗan nesa daga farfajiyar, don kifin ya sami damar tsalle kuma kar ya buge shi.
Shagunan Pet
Dangane da bayani game da kifin malam buɗe ido, waɗannan kifayen sun sami suna ne saboda launinsu mai haske da launi mai kyau.
Bishiya mai kifi yana da haske kifin teku, wanda yafi rayuwa akan murjani na murjani. Wannan kifin na wurare masu zafi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tekun Indiya, Pacific da Atlantika. Tabarbalar maɓarnuka da sikeli suna da yawa ko similarasa da juna, tunda suna da halaye na waje. Akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da kifin malam buɗe ido. Bari mu kasance masu sanin juna.
Labaran Kifi na Gas
Wadannan suna daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwan ban mamaki game da malam buɗe ido kifi domin yara da manya:
- Kwana malama da Beloperata kububa suna cikin dangin goge baki ne (Chaetodontidae). Akwai sanannun nau'ikan kifayen 100.
- Amma game da sifofin waje na kifin malam buɗe ido, ya kamata a lura cewa matsakaiciyar tsarar jikin waɗannan kifin ya kai cm 12-23. Duk da haka, wasu nau'in, alal misali, kifin malam buɗe ido mai launin baki, suna girma zuwa 30 cm.
- Wannan kifin yana da jikin diski mai fasali, mai ci gaba da ƙaddarar dorsal da wutsiya mai zagaye. Wasu nau'in suna da sifofi masu kama da idanu a baya da wutsiya.
- A cikin mafi yawan jinsunan malam buɗe ido kifi mai haske sosai, tare da launin ja da ruwan lemo, aibobi a jiki. Koyaya, akwai wasu nau'in waɗannan kifayen masu launi mara nauyi.
- Kwana biyu kifi yana haɓaka wani farantin karfe akan jiki don kariya a lokacin kiwo. Waɗannan faranti sun ɓace gaba ɗaya lokacin da kifaye suka tsufa.
- Ofaya daga cikin halaye waɗanda ke bambanta kifin malam buɗe ido da silar ƙwaƙwalwa ita ce gaskiyar cewa kifin malam buɗe ido suna da mummunan abu da hanci mai daɗaɗɗarwa.
- Wasu nau'in malam buɗe ido kifi yi tafiya cikin fakitoci. Kaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗa kifi yana cikin neman biyu. Lokacin da kifi ya sami abokin aure, sai su yi farauta, su rayu, su yi tafiya tare duk rayuwarsu.
- Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa game da kifi malam buɗe ido ne cewa sun spawn mafi yawan lokuta a yamma. Wannan kayan aikin halitta ne da ake amfani da shi don haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa ta soya.
- Butterfly kifi sami damar motsawa da sauri godiya ga m swings na pectoral ƙonewa.
- Yar Afirka malam buɗe ido kifi kifin ruwa ne, mai ƙanƙanta fiye da sauran kifin malam buɗe ido.
- Kifi mai kamun kifin ruwan Afirka ana cinta shi kamar dabbobi fiye da kifi mai kamun kifi.
- Ya kamata a lura cewa kuliyoyin koi suna da bambanci sosai da kifin malam buɗe ido na marine.
- Sakamakon canje-canjen muhalli, raunin murjani a cikin teku yana lalata. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawancin nau'in kifin malam buɗe ido suna cikin haɗari.
- Tsakanin kowane nau'in labaren marmari, na zinariya malam buɗe ido kifi mafi mashahuri kuma mafi so. Tana da jiki mai rawaya mai haske sabili da haka ana kiransu kifi malam buɗe ido mai launin rawaya.
Labari mai Kifi na Bututun ƙarfe
Bayan bayanan da ke sama game da malam buɗe ido, akwai wasu ƙarin abubuwa game da kifi na malam buɗe ido ga yara.
Bishiya mai kifi Habitat
Indiya, Atlantika da Habitat na Pacific
Girma Coral Reef Matsaka Mai Tsayi
Shekaru 10 - 20 cm
6 - Shekaru 12 Irin Ruwa
Matsayin Kula da Tsarin Gishirin
Launi mai anarewa
Baki, Fari, Rawaya, Orange
plankton, murjani, Masu jan kunne
Kifi, mala'iku, sharks Abubuwa na dabam
Muna fatan kun ji daɗin karanta game da waɗannan kyawawan abubuwa malam buɗe ido kifi. Zaku iya ziyartar akwatin kifayen gida don ganin kyawun waɗannan kifayen. Daga waɗannan kifi An samo manyan dabbobi, kuma idan kuna shirin samun su, kuna iya yin tunani da gaske.
Pantodon spawning
Kafin tsallakewa, ana buƙatar dogon shiri. A tsakanin makonni 2-3, a hankali rage matakin ruwa. Don ƙyalƙyali, ba a buƙaci sama da cm 10 ba Zazzabi - 28 ° C, mai laushi. Idan kifi amsa da shiri, mace fara spawn. 12wan awanni 12 na farko, ƙwaiye masu ɗamara suna iyo a kan ruwa, bayan haka suyi duhu. A wannan gaba, dole ne a canja su zuwa cikin ƙasa mai mamayewa - akwatin kifaye tare da sigogi iri ɗaya.
Qwai ya girma a mako guda, bayan wannan larvae ya bayyana. Bayan wasu kwanaki 5, sun zama cikakkiyar soya: suna iyo suna ci. Kuna iya ciyar da su da artemia, ƙananan kwari, fasko, da kuma daga baya tare da ƙaramin jini.
Matsalar ba wai kawai ta tsokane shi ne ba, har ma don ciyar da zuriya nan gaba.
Maƙanganun kifi a cikin kullun
Rigakafi a cikin kifi yana da matukar karfi ga cututtuka na akwatin kifaye na yau da kullun. Matsalar ta ta'allaka ne a wani wuri. Pantodons suna da matukar mahimmanci ga sigogin ruwa da kuma ga bambance-bambance na kowane nuna. Wannan yana raunana juriya na jiki ga cuta, yawanci yakan haifar da mutuwar kwatsam na kifi, kuma gaba ɗaya yana rage tsammanin rayuwa. Sabili da haka, rigakafin yana da mahimmanci: canje-canje na ruwa na yau da kullun, sigogi na dubawa, mai zafi tare da ikon saita takamaiman zazzabi, da sauransu.
Kammalawa
Pantodons sune kifayen kifi masu kyau na gida. Idan kun ga mutumin da ya sami nasarar ƙunshi kifin malam buɗe ido, to wannan shine ainihin ƙwararren mashin kifin mashin. Idan kai da kanka kuna son samun waɗannan kyawawan abubuwan ban sha'awa, kawai ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya dace da su sosai, kuma komai zai yi daidai.
Iyalin bristles
Iyalin bristle-hakori (sunan kimiyya Chaetodontidae) - wannan shine rukuni na yau da kullun a cikin kifin, wanda kyawawan kifin marmara suke ciki. Wannan dangin sun haɗu da goma sha biyu suna haifar, a cikinsu akwai nau'ikan 128 daban-daban. Suna cikin haɗuwa da yawa tsakanin kamun kifi - perciform.
Kuna iya gane su ta bayyanannun alamu:
- jiki mai matukar karfi yana tursasawa daga bangarorin, kifin yayi kama da wani abu mai laushi da faffada, yana iyo a ruwa,
- smallan ƙaramin bakin yana da ikon mikawa, kuma a cikin bakin akwai ƙananan hakora masu kama da bristles (saboda haka sunan dangi - bristle-toothed),
- a bayansa akwai fin guda daya, ba a rarrabashi 2, kamar sauran nau'ikan perciform, a cikin fin din dorsal akwai lamuran fitsari a cikin adadin 6 zuwa 16,
- furodusos fin yana tare da haskoki, anan akwai -3 ko 5,
- wutsiyar fin tana iya samun maren da ya kewaye ta ko kuma za a zana ta
- Sikeli ƙanƙane ne, mara kyau sosai, na nau'in ctenoid, fasali mai mahimmanci na wurin da sikeli yake - har ma ya kai ga ƙegunan biyu marasa suttura (ƙarancin ciki da tsirrai).
Kifin teku - malam buɗe ido ba ya da girma sosai. Mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan ƙananan kifaye ne tare da tsawon santimita 12 zuwa 22. Kawai wasu wakilan wannan dangin sun girma zuwa santimita 30.
Rarraba, abinci mai gina jiki, haihuwa
Yawanci, kifi na bristle-toothed iyali zaune a murjani reefs. Ana samo su a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi da ruwan sanyi na teku guda uku (ban da Arctic).
Kamar yawancin kifin, kifin marmara na cikin ruwa suna aiki yayin rana. Ta yi iyo tsakanin murjani don neman abinci. Abincinta ya ƙunshi ƙananan invertebrates, ciki har da murjani na murjani, waɗanda ake ci da yawa. Hakanan, rae kifin abinci ne, wasu nau'in algae, alal misali, filamentous, kuma ga wasu nau'ikan maƙeran ganye da na katako.
Don kiwo da kuma ɓarna cikin nau'ikan mutane da yawa na dangin bristles-toothed nau'i-nau'i an kafa su. Spawning yana faruwa ne kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Caviar ba a haɗa shi da kowane irin kayan ruwa ba. Yana kawai zama wani ɓangare na plankton.
Sai kawai kifin marmarin kifin da ke ciyar da plankton za a iya ajiye su a cikin akwatin ruwa. Amma idan a dabi'ance kifin malam buɗe ido na cin abinci polyps na murjani, to a zaman fursuna ba zai yiwu a ɗauke su ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta a cikin tasoshin ruwa na jama'a ko a cikin aquariums muna haɗuwa da wakilan abubuwa biyu na halitta: Helmon, asalin halittu na biyu - kifin malam buɗe ido ko kabuy.
Dangin Helmon
Na wannan dabi'ar, mafi kyawun sananne kifi malam buɗe ido kifi yana da santsi mai dogon zafi kamar hancin, wanda akan kira shi hanzaki. Daga sunan kimiyya Chelmon rostratus, wani suna don wannan kifin ya fito daga - Helmon.
Kifi maɗaukakken dogon kifi ko ƙwayoyin kamun kifin ko tuhun-kwalba (Chelmon rostratus)
Abu ne mai sauƙin ganewa ta launi launinta, wanda ba ya canzawa tare da shekaru:
- a jikin haske (kusan fararen) jikin akwai wasu launuka 3 masu daidaitacce a tsaye mai ratsin launin rawaya (wani lokacin suna da inuwar inuwar lemo) tare da iyakatacciyar iyaka da ake iya gani a gefuna,
- rake na huɗu ya fi tazara tsakanin ido,
- tsiri na biyar yana kan iyakokin baya da ƙashin ƙyallen ƙafa kuma ya ratsa cikin farjin,
- baƙar fata ana iya ganinsa a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren allon mara iyaka.
A ina ne hanjin ke zaune kuma menene ci?
Dogon malam buɗe ido mai kifi mai haushi zai iya kasancewa ba kawai a cikin ruwan teku ba, har ma a cikin ruwa mai tagulla, alal misali, a cikin bakin kogin. Ta fi son zama kusa da kankara da kan filaye. Matsakaicin wurin zama shine mita 41. Wadannan baƙin ƙarfe ba su yi ƙaura ko'ina ba, suna rayuwa koyaushe akan rukuni ɗaya. Riƙe cikin nau'i-nau'i ko yin iyo a lokaci daya.
Zzlearfin ,arfi, elongated a cikin siffar hancin, yana taimakawa kifin don bincika ƙananan invertebrates a kasan.
Wadannan kamamammu masu haske suna kama don kasuwancin akwatin kifaye. Bayan duk wannan, akwai mutane da yawa da suke so su sami wannan kyakkyawa don ci gaba a cikin jerin ruwayoyin: mai son aquarists da masu mallakar aquariums na jama'a.
Kubu na asali ko kifin malam buɗe ido
Kifin malam buɗe ido mai ɗanɗano yana da asali na ainihi kuma abin tunawa ne saboda raha na huɗu na dindindin wanda yake a cikin fin din. Wannan katako ne wanda yake samar da nau'in '' mara fata 'a bayan kifin, wanda yake da tsayi daban-daban a cikin jinsuna daban. Fitar filawa daga saman katako, ta zama kamar ta da bakin ciki yayin saurin kamun kifi.
Kububa mai-rawaya-shuɗi, ko malam buɗe ido mai launin shuɗi, ko malam buɗe ido mai santsi (Heniochus monoceros)
Kububa mai-rawaya-shuɗi, ko malam buɗe ido mai launin shuɗi, ko malam buɗe ido mai santsi (Heniochus monoceros)
Kamar yadda yake tare da duk kifin-da ke yatsun kafa, jikin kaboo yana da lebur. Siffar jikin ta kusan zagaye ce. Yankana ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, an rufe shi da duhu mai duhu kuma ya ɗan ɗanɗana.
Amma idanun kabuk suna bayyana kuma suna da girma sosai dangane da karamin kai. Akwai nau'ikan da tsinkar tsiron da ke tsiro a gaban orbits na idanu tare da shekaru. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan lokuta batun maza.
- Sashi mai taushi na finfin ƙusar ƙashi yana da nau'i mai zagaye.
- Haske mai walƙiya yana fitowa a cikin kowane wasan ventral fin.
- Siffar gefal fin fin zai iya zama nau'ikan 3: madaidaiciya, ƙaramin ɗamara, ko ɗanɗaɗɗa.
Aquariums sau da yawa suna ɗauke da Cabbage Farar -afataccen Kifi (-an -an Butaƙƙen Whitean Haushi na Kifi).
Siffofin halayyar wannan nau'in su ne rabe-raben baki guda biyu masu duhu wadanda ke kann jikin farin, wani farin kalar launin rawaya da kuma wani bangare mai laushi mai yatsu.
Kabafarin farin ƙafa, ko farar fata mai kauri, ko haƙarƙarin haƙori na haƙora (Latin Heniochus acuminatus)
Ga su nan, kifi mai kamun kifi. Idan kuna son labarin, like kuma raba wannan labarin a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar ku.
Ganyen magarya
Kyau Heniochus
Dukkansu takwas malam buɗe ido kifi, wanda ake kira daskararren kuli-kuli, wani bangare ne na halittar Heniochus. Matsakaicinsu yana da iyaka a Indo-Pacific. Dukkan nau'o'in suna da kamannin su iri ɗaya, wanda yake halayyar mutum, da farko, na "alkalami" - tsawanta fin fin din. Amma dangane da halaye da salon rayuwa, sun banbanta: wasu nau'ikan suna haɗe da substrate, wasu, suna birgima cikin manyan garke, kamfani don bincika zooplankton a cikin ruwa bude.
Wasu nau'in, (da farko, H. acuminatus) bayyana a kai a kai a cikin gidajen sayar da dabbobi. Koyaya, yana da wuya a yi magana game da dacewa da akwatin kifaye a wannan yanayin, tunda, a gefe guda, waɗannan kifayen sun girma zuwa 20 cm a tsayi, kuma a gefe guda, ya zama dole a kiyaye samfurori da yawa, kamar yadda yanayinsu yake buƙata. Kuma a karshe, suna cin zumar, duk da cewa wadannan inproebrates basu cika yawan abincin su ba: wannan bashi da jituwa tare da tsammanin mafi yawan masu mallakar ruwayen ruwa. Duk da haka, barkono mai ɗorewa na cikin waɗancan malam buɗe ido kifida ya fi dacewa da wurin sake buɗe koguna.
Koyaya, ma'amalarsu da murjani tana haifar da ɗimbin ma'ana: waɗannan magabatan ruwa na aiki malam buɗe ido kifi ba wai kawai tsari ba, har ma da abinci talakawa. Rayuwa a kan gado ta nufin cin abinci ko cinye shi. Koyaya, murjani yana wahala daga wannan, watakila, ƙasa da mai aikin ruwa na neman ya karya wannan doka a cikin ragon sa na cikin gida. Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan kifayen, waɗanda aka haɗa su da murjani mai murƙushe, a cikin abin da ake kira akwatin kifayen kifayen, kuma galibi ma a “ɓoyayyiyar ɗaure,” dole ne a watsar da su. Bayan haka malam buɗe ido kifi ya rage malam buɗe ido kifi, da cin murjani ya kamata a ɗauka azaman kyauta ga duk waɗanda suke godiya ga ƙimar wannan halitta.