Bayyanar mutum da hali. Tsuntsayen ruwa kusa-da girman kurciya, launin duhu. Tsayin Jikin 32-35 cm, nauyi ya bambanta daga 220 zuwa 460 g. Ya yi kama da ƙaramin ƙaramin kaza mai ƙarfi a cikin jiki. Bayani mai kyau na silhouette shine wutsiya da aka ɗaga, wacce take yawan juya sau biyu yayin damuwa (duka a ƙasa da kuma bakin ruwa). Fan yatsu dogaye ne, bakin ciki, tare da kusan babu koranan ruwa (ba kamar bakuna ba), fuka-fukan suna da fadi, zagaye, an nuna beak, akwai ƙaramin wasan ƙyarawa a goshi (kamar ƙara, amma ƙarami ne babba). Bayyanar moorhen yana da kyau sosai don haka yana da wuyar rikitar da ita da kowane tsuntsu. Tana kan wasu rijiyoyin ruwa inda akwai wadataccen ciyayi na ciyawar farfajiya (gami da ciyawar Willow). Yawancin lokaci yana zaune akan ƙananan tabkuna da tafkuna. Ana iya ganinsa sau da yawa yana iyo a gefen gefen busasshiyar ciyawar ko yawo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi.

Ka iya yin tafiya a saman ganyen lilin na ruwa da sauran tsirrai na ruwa. Yana hawa zuwa sama da rassan kurmi na kwari da bishiyoyi, ta amfani da yatsunsa masu motsi da yawa. Aiki yayin rana da maraice. Kyakkyawan sirri, a cikin haɗari nan da nan ya ɓoye cikin ɓarna, ana kama shi cikin ruwa mai buɗewa - yana gudu a saman, yana taimakawa kansa da fikafikan. Yana sauƙaƙewa daga ƙasa da ruwa, amma yana guje wa hauhawa - yawanci yakan tashi sama da saman dunƙule. Yana da wuya ya mutu, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai lokacin da ba zai iya amfani da fuka-fukan sa ba (misali, yayin molting).

Bayanin. Abubuwan da ke tattare da manya sune mafi yawan launin toka, kusan baki akan kai da wuya da wuta akan ciki, baya da fuka-fukai masu launin shuɗi, a gefunan sune fararen zirga-zirgar fari, kamar an rufe fikafikan fulo daga ƙasa, gefuna marassa haske ma fari fari. A lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, beak yana da haske ja tare da bakin rawaya, kafafu suna da haske kore, a cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa yana da jan “garter”, idanun kuma duhu ja. Bayan molting lokacin rani, launi ya bushe, farin sassan ya zama launin shuɗi, gemun ya zama ja ja, kafafu kuma suna jujjuya, launin idanun ya zama launin ruwan kasa.

Kajin na Downy baƙar fata ne, tare da ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mai baki da na gaban goshi suna da ja (sabanin kajin kajin, ƙwanƙwasa a kai ba orange bane, amma baƙar fata, kamar yadda akan jikin). Kayan kawun da aka toshe suna da launin ruwan kasa a launi, tare da hancin farin ciki, a gefunan da gefuna na marassa kunya iri ɗaya ne kamar na manya, gemun da kafafu suna launin launin shuɗi. A lokacin faduwa, wannan rigar an riga an maye gurbin ta da kayan hunturu na manyan tsuntsaye.

Kuri'a - m "clucking" da guttural kukan kamar "crrao».

Matsayi na Rarraba. Yankin ya kusan kusan ko'ina, gami da tsaunuka da latitude latitude. A cikin Turai ta Rasha, ana samun ta ko'ina, sai dai yankuna na arewacin. Yana da gama gari, a kudancin yankin da aka yi la'akari da shi yana da yawa a wurare. Tsuntsaye daga tsakiyar latitude hunturu a cikin tafkunan Caucasus, a kudancin Turai, a Tsakiyar Asiya da Afirka.

Rayuwa. Gida yana zaune a cikin ɓoye na itace; kusan koyaushe yana kan ruwa ko saman ruwa (alal misali, a gandun daji na Willow). Yana ƙoƙarin rufe shi daga sama, idan babu wata kariya ta zahiri, - ya bice da ganyen ciyawar kamar rufin dusar ƙanƙano. A cikin kama har zuwa 12 qwai haske a cikin ƙananan launin ruwan kasa. Duk iyayen sun hada da kawunansu; lokacin bazara, ma'aurata biyu zasu iya samun brood guda biyu. Ba kamar tumatir ba, a cikin kaka ba ta da babban gungu, har zuwa farkon tafiyar moorhen da suke zama a cikin dangi. Daga tsakiyar Rasha kwari kashe a ƙarshen Satumba, da wuya mutane tsuntsaye na iya zama na hunturu. Don saurin hunturu, tana buƙatar ruwa mai sanyi mara sanyi da isasshen matsuguni. Lokacin bazara ya sauka a ƙarshen watan Afrilu.

Cakuda abinci mai gina jiki - invertebrates, kore sassan tsirrai, tsaba.

Bayanin

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 28-35 cm Wingspan ya kai cm 50-62. Girman nauyi ya bambanta daga 195 zuwa 500 g. Beak yayi gajarta, kamanninsa triangular ne. Launi mai launin ja tare da launin shuɗi ko shuɗi. A saman bek ne mai launin fata mai launin shuɗi mai haske. A waje, yana kama da ci gaba da baki. Kafafu suna da tsayi, ƙarfi, launinsu yana rawaya mai launin shuɗi. A cikin yankin ƙananan ƙafa a kan wata gabar jiki akwai zobba masu launin ja. A membranes tsakanin yatsu ne da kyau ci gaba. Maza suna da ɗan girma fiye da mace. In ba haka ba, mata da maza suna da alaƙa da juna.

Umarin murfin moorhen yana mamaye duhu inuwa. A cikin lokacin mating, duhu ne ko launin toka mai duhu. A gefuna akwai ƙananan rarar fari. Fararen fararen kaya tare da ratsin baƙar fata. A cikin hunturu, launin shudi mai launin shuɗi-zaki yana fitowa a bayan baya, kuma ciki yayi haske. Shedding yana faruwa sau 2 a shekara. Na farko yana farawa a cikin Janairu - Fabrairu, kuma ya ƙare a watan Afrilu - Mayu. Bayan lokacin fara'a, na biyu molt ya faru. Farkon sa ya faɗi a Yuli, kuma ƙarshen Oktoba. A cikin tsuntsayen yara, rigar ta fi wuta. Babu wani tabo ja a saman baki, beak ɗin kansa yana da launin toka tare da ƙarshen launin shuɗi.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Nau'o'in moorhen suna haifar da auren mace-mace, kuma sunada tsawon shekaru na rayuwa. A lokacin kiwo, kowane ma'aunin yana da yankin kansa. A gida zauna a kan raga a tsakanin ruwa, a kan rassan itace da ambaliyar, a cikin Reeds ko kuma ciyawar itace a kusa da ruwa. Ana gina gida mai rassa da ganyayyaki, tare da tsuntsaye biyu suna cikin aikin. Ginin shine kwando da tsayinsa ya kai 15 cm da diamita na har zuwa cm 25. A cikin matattarar akwai ƙwai 2 zuwa 12. Akwai tara akan matsakaita 3. Yawan clutches 2 ana yin sa a kowace kakar. A yawancin yankuna, na farko yana faruwa a watan Afrilu - Mayu, kuma na biyu a watan Yuni - Yuli.

Lokacin shiryawa yana da makonni 3, duk iyayen sun dauki nauyin shiryawa. Ana lullube kaji a baki baki. Kusan kai tsaye bayan haihuwa, za su iya iyo, nutsewa da motsawa tare da rassan itace. Amma ba za su iya ciyar da kansu ba. Idan akwai haɗari, sun manne wa gashin mahaifansu, suna tashi tare da su zuwa wani hadari. A reshe, kajin sun cika shekaru 50 da samun 'yanci cikakke. A cikin daji, moorhen yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 11. Balagagge a cikin mace da namiji yana faruwa yana da shekara 12.

Halayya da Abinci

Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma kalma, ƙasa. Kawai a yayin ƙaura mutane kusan 50 ke shiga cikin ƙananan rukuni. Ragowar lokacin da suke ciyar da shafukansu kuma suna kare su daga baƙi. A lokaci guda suna yin halayya mai zafi kuma suna iya shiga fada. Abincin ya ƙunshi abincin dabbobi da shuka. Suna ciyar da ruwa mai zurfi da kusa da ruwa. Suna cin ciyawar ƙasa, katantanwa, mollusks, tadpoles, kwari, larvae. Daga abincin tsire-tsire suna ciyar da algae, berries, ƙananan harbe na ruwa na ruwa da tsire-tsire na kusa.

Matsayin Kariya

A cikin wannan fom, akwai ƙananan biyan kuɗi 5. Yawansu yana a wani tsayayyen matakin. Banda shi ne kananan kungiyoyin keɓaɓɓu. A cikinsu, yawan tsuntsayen suna raguwa a hankali. Wannan ya faru ne saboda lalacewar yanayin rayuwa. A wasu ƙasashe, moorhen abu ne na farauta.

Fasali da mazaunin moorhen

Waterfowl tsuntsu na daji wanda aka samo akan duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica da Ostiraliya. Ba za ku gan ta a tsaunin Alps ba, Scandinavia, arewacin Rasha, yankuna na Asiya da Yammacin Siberiya.

Gandun daji tare da tsayawa ko ruwa mai gudana, ciyawar ciyawa - wuri mafi dacewa don sasantawa. Duk da yawan adadi, kwanan wata tare da ita a cikin jeji abu ne mai wuya. Amma yana daidaita da rashin jin daɗi ga maƙwabcin mutum, kuma yana haɗa wannan tsuntsu tare da ƙaramin ɗakin gida ko kaji.

Yawan nauyin mutum ya bambanta daga 200 g zuwa 500 g, tsawon jikin ya kai kimanin 30 cm. hoto moorhen yana da bambancin launi daban-daban: daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin toka mai haske, tare da sautunan launuka masu ƙarfi a cikin wuya.

A bangarorin akwai farin karar, a ƙarƙashin wutsiya tare da baƙar fata. Ya danganta da lokacin, gashin tsuntsu a kan ciki suna samun launi mai haske, an jefa baya tare da launin ruwan-zaitun.

Lokacin da aka buɗe baki mai haske na gefenta mai siffar triangular, ana ba da ƙaramin kururuwa mai tsauri, mai kama da siket ɗin magpie. Kuma idan akwai haɗari - mai tsaro mai tsaro "kurr". Ita ba mai kaunar "hira" ba, amma a lokacin da ta dace ta isa tayi shuru, ta sami damar yin ihu da karfi.

Halin hali da salon moorhen

A yawancin wuraren zama moorhen yana haifar da yanayin tsaka-mai-wuya, amma a cikin yankuna na arewacin yanayin sojojin suna ƙaura. A kan iyakar ƙasashen CIS, galibi wani ɓangare ko cikakkun masu ƙaura suna zama. Suna zaune a cikin wurin da ba kowa a wurin, nesa daga dangi da sauran tsuntsayen.

Tana da 'halin' tsoro ', amma cikakke kafafu don daidaitawa don ƙaura zuwa cikin ƙasa, ƙyale ta da sauri. Waɗannan dogaye ne masu ƙarfi, tare da yatsunsu masu elongated, tsakanin su babu membranes, kamar sauran waterfowl.

Har ila yau, Wings suna taimakawa wajen ɓoyewa a cikin zurfin ciki. Tsuntsu ya hau kan ruwa, ya tafi, kuma ya isa mafaka, ya zauna. Yana motsawa sosai, a lokacin jirgin sama na bazara da gangan kuma yana nasara da nisa.

A waje, mutane daban-daban na mata kusan ba sa banbanta da juna, maza ne kawai sun fi girma, kuma a cikin mace ciki yana da sauƙi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine ka'idodin ma'aurata, jinsi na mata na gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin mallakar namiji. Mutane sun kirkiro dangi wanda ya dau shekaru da yawa.

Moorhen Abinci

Akwayar aiki moorhen duck yakan fadi a safiyar safiya da maraice. Yakan samar da abinci a cikin yankin, kuma lokacin hunturu shima baya wuce kan iyakokin filayen abinci. Rashin daidaituwa a abinci, yana cin abinci kayan lambu da abincin dabba:

• harbe daga kananan tsire-tsire, reeds, algae a cikin ruwa,
• tsaba, berries, kwari masu rarrafe a ƙasa,
• ƙananan amphibians, invertebrates, mollusks.

A wuraren kusa da biranen, garken suna ciyar da mutum 5 zuwa 20. Wani lokaci zaku gansu tare da babban rami, a kan ƙasar noma tare da makiyaya mai ruwa.

Hoto mai launin shuɗi mai hoto

Lokacin da neman abinci, za su iya yin yawo na dogon lokaci tare da zurfin ruwa da bakin ruwa, daskarewa a bakin ruwan tare da katako mai kauri, juya ganyen duckweed da lilin na ruwa. Yin iyo akan ruwa, a lokaci-lokaci yana tsintar kan kai, cikin lokaci tare da motsin gwiwowin, jikin kuma yana jujjuyawa gajere, wutsiya.

Yana sauka a cikin ciyayi, kumburi ko snags, zai iya zuwa har zuwa mita 10. Daɗewa yana kashe kansa a ciki, galibi yana faɗakarwa. Yana hutawa yana bacci a matsayi ɗaya, yana tsaye a kan ɗaya daga paw, yana ɓoye beakrsa a bayan sa ko fikafikan sa.

Ara aku

Inda yake zama

Kamyshovka yana zaune a Turai: Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Asiya ƙasashe: Kazakhstan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Iran.

Tsuntsu yana ƙaunar zafi da ta'aziyya, saboda haka yana zaune a cikin shrubs, bushes, lambuna - duk wurare ya kamata a kasance kusa da koguna.

Migratory ko hunturu

Reed yana ƙaunar daɗi, saboda haka yana shirya sosai don hunturu, wato, yana zaɓar ƙasar don hunturu. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da yadda, zaɓin nata ya faɗi akan Indiya. Idan tsuntsu ya mamaye Asiya, to, daidai da wannan, ba ya buƙatar tashi - yanayin zafin jiki na Turkmenistan da Kazakhstan sun yi gamsuwa da ita.

Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, a dabi'a akwai kusan nau'ikan 35 na reeds. Wasu daga cikin su ba sabon abu ba ne kuma har ma an jera su a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Don haka bari muyi zurfin bincike:

Reed na Indiya

Tsuntsu zaune a Tsakiyar Asiya. Duk da cewa yanayin wannan nahiya yana ba ku damar jin daɗin dumi a duk shekara, renon Indiya suna yin jigilar hunturu zuwa Indiya da Pakistan. An ga tsuntsun a bakin Tekun Bahar fata: Bulgaria, Romania. Wannan reshen yana zaune ne da reza, yankin rafi, yanki mai ruwa, da kuma fadama ruwa. Ya guji tsauni da taiga.

Reed na Indiya, duk da sunan sa na wurare masu zafi, ba shi da walƙiya mai haske - baya da fuka-fukan sun kasance launin shuɗi, tummy da brisket fararen fata ne. Akwai wani farin tsiri a saman idanun, amma ba abin lura sosai ba. Tsawon Jiki 13-14 cm, nauyi 17 grams, fuka-fukai - santimita15 - Kuskancin Jima yana da rauni sosai tsakanin mace da namiji.

Tsuntsu ya zaɓi ƙananan kwari a matsayin tushen abincinsa.

Bishiyar baƙi

Yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Turai. Tsuntsu ya tashi cikin hunturu zuwa Afirka mai zafi, yawanci a watan Satumba. Shiga gida yana faruwa a watan Afrilu.

Gida a cikin ciyayi na itace, kusa da koguna da fadama. Tsuntsu ya cinye kifin kifin, gizo-gizo, yan kwalliya da berries.

Batun jima'i tsakanin mace da namiji bai wanzu ba. A tsuntsaye ana fentin yafi launin ruwan kasa, brisket da tummy masu launin fari. A kai akwai murfin tousled. Iris na baki ne, akwai fari “girare”. Gashin ya yi duhu, yana da ƙarfi sosai. Tsuntsu yana motsawa a ƙasa ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Kyau mai siffar ƙanƙan daɗaɗɗa shine mafi girman wakilcin jinsin, tsawon jikinsa shine 19 cm, nauyin jikinsa yana daga cm 25 zuwa 36. Wingspan shine 13 cm.

Itatuwan lambu

Tana zaune a cikin Turai, musamman: Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, da Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Nepal, Afghanistan. Don hunturu, ya fi son tashi zuwa Indiya.

Tsawon jiki daga 11 zuwa 17 cm, kuma nauyi daga gram 9 zuwa 15. Wingspan - har zuwa 10 cm.

Rewannin lambu ba za su yi fahariya da bayyanar mutum ba; hakanan, galibi ana rikitar da su da wasu ƙasashen kuɗaɗe, alal misali, ciyayi, ko ciyawa.

Plwaya yana da launin shuɗi - saman shine launin ruwan kasa-launin toka, kuma ciki da brisket sune zaitun-beige. Kafa da baki suna lemu mai zaki. Idon ido na baki ne, kuma a saman sa akwai wani farin fari. Hannun tsuntsayen suna da tsayayye, fuka-fukan suna da tsawo da kaifi. Wutsiyar tana da tsayin matsakaiciya, taƙaƙe zuwa ƙarshen. Babban kwatancin wannan tsuntsu babban jiki ne, mai amfani da gashi kuma gajere, kuma karamin kai. Tsuntsu yana waka da kyau kuma yana iya kwaikwayon muryoyin wasu tsuntsaye.

Lambun Reed yana cin ƙananan kwari.

Yawancin lokaci, ma'aurata suna haifar da dangi don rayuwa, kuma kowane ɗayan iyayen yana da matukar kulawa a cikin batun kiwon kajin.

Iraki Reed

Wannan tsuntsu ne mai cike da damuwa, wato, nau'in halitta da ke rayuwa ko halayyar kawai don takamaiman wurin. Tsuntsu ya zauna yankuna na gabashin Iraq da Isra’ila. Bayyananun - ba su da tsayayye, filashi mai launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa, ƙasa - ruwan zaitun. Tsuntsu yana da wutsiya mai tsawon tarihi. Tsayin jiki 17-18 cm, nauyi 20-23 grams.

Tsuntsu yana son ya zauna a cikin busasshiyar papyrus da reeds.

Tsibirin Kamyshovka Cook

Wani tsuntsu mai saukin gaske, mai tsananin zafi, wanda, ƙari ne, mai cike da yanayi wanda ke zaune a tsibiran Mangaia da Mitiaro ko Islands Islands, kamar yadda ake kiran su. Tsuntsu na cikin haɗarin hallaka, ƙari, wannan nau'in tsiro ne mai wuya.

Tsuntsu zaune a cikin da subtropical da wurare masu zafi gandun daji na tsibiran, fadama, thickets, shrubs.

A cikin bayyanar, yayi kama da kullun da aka saba.

Tsuntsayen wannan reshe suna matukar tsoron kuliyoyi da beraye, wadanda ke zama barazana gare su.

Kyau mai caza

Tana zaune a Kudancin Turai da Asiya. Don hunturu yana ƙaunar yawo zuwa Afghanistan, Arabiya, Pakistan, ƙasashen Rum. Karancin gama gari a Poland, Latvia, Ukraine.

Tsuntsu yana da ɗan kunne mai bakin ciki, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya sami suna. Abin sha’awa, ƙaramin ƙaraƙin warbler na waka ne da karin waƙa fiye da ta saba, kuma waƙar mawaƙinta ta yi kama da na dare.

Tsayin jiki 12-13 cm, nauyi 15 grams. Matsakaicin jima'i tsakanin mace da namiji ba ya nan.Umwaya a cikin ɓangaren babba shine launin ruwan kasa, ƙasan haske ne. An kashe paws kadan da bakin ciki. Iris na baki ne. Wani bakin duhu mai bakin ciki ya wuce kai da idanu.

Subsungiyoyin suna son zuwa gida kusa da ruwa.

Twirling Warbler

A waje, ya yi kama da tsuntsu. Tsuntsuyen yana zaune a Rasha, Siberiya, Jamhuriyar Mordovia. Kuma yana zaune Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai: Italiya, Faransa, Belgium, Holland, Hungary, Jamus, Poland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine. Babban gunguwar tsuntsayen a cikin Belarus, a cikin taro na Zvanets.

Blear murƙushewa tana haifar da hanyar rayuwar nomad - don hunturu tsuntsu yayi ƙaura zuwa Yammacin Afirka, zuwa Bayu Biscay.

Nondescript canza launin - kasa mai haske da saman launin ruwan kasa. Akwai rabe biyu masu duhu akan kansa. Idanu baƙi ne, kafafu rawaya ne. A cikin wannan yanayin tsuntsayen, beak ƙanƙane - ba su wuce 1 cm ba.

An jera tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Layi na Rasha.

Reyamar da take jujjuya itace ba nau'in horarwa ba. Tsuntsu ba shi da gida mai ɗorewa; ƙauna don sau da yawa canza wurin. A cikin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, kuma a gabaɗaya, a cikin gida, mata suka fi rinjaye, waɗanda ke kula da gina gida da ciyar da kajin.

Tsuntsaye sun koma ƙasarsu a watan Yuni, daga nan ne aka fara aikin ginin. Abin sha'awa shine, ciyayi yana cinye mafi yawan lokacinsa a cikin ƙasashe masu ɗumi, saboda tuni a ƙarshen lokacin rani ya tashi zuwa kudu.

Marsh sandar

Yana zaune a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. A cikin hunturu, yakan tashi kusa da mai daidaitawa. Girman jikin mutum shine giram 17-21, tsayin jikin mutum shine cm 13. Tsawon rayuwa shine shekaru 9.

Tsuntsu ya yi kama da Reed - launin ruwan kasa, zaitun, launuka masu launin toka-fari suna mamaye su. Nuna jima'i yana da rauni sosai bayyana. Wannan nau'in yana cin kwari, ƙasa da sau da yawa - berries. Iyayen biyu suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai da ɗansu.

Duk da karancin girmanta, ciyawar da take bayarwa tana ba da kade-kade na gaske - waƙoƙin ta ya bambanta sosai kuma yana da sauti da yawa.

Nauru warbler

Tsuntsu tana cike da tsibiri ga Nauru. Tsawon jikinta shine 15 cm, nauyi 20 grams. Kwayoyin suna mamaye abincin abincin tsuntsaye.

A karon farko, Otto Finsch ta gano tsuntsu a kimiyance. A yanzu, ba a san komai game da wannan nau'in ba, yana kan matakin ƙarin nazarin.

Ba a bayyana yawan bambancin jima'i tsakanin mace da namiji ba. A cikin manya, tsohuwar jiki tana da launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa shine zaitun, tummy yana da haske a launi.

Rounded fuka-fuki, gajeru. A kan asalinsu, wutsiya tana da tsawo. Gefen yana da tsawo da bakin ciki Idanu sunyi duhu, masu furfura da fara'a ta fari, fari.
Wannan nau'in yana zaune ne kawai tsibirin Nauru. Tsuntsu yana jagorantar rayuwa mai taushewa. Baƙon abu, amma irin wannan reeda ba wasu tsibirai masu maƙwabtaka da zama, waɗanda ke a nisan kilomita 3-5 daga Nauru.

An jera tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Layi. Masana kimiyya sun kirga mutane 5,000 na tsuntsaye na shekaru daban-daban. Abokan gaba da su daga Nauru sune beraye da kuliyoyi.

Tsuntsu yana gina sheƙarta a tsayin mita 2 zuwa 8. Akwai lokuta yayin da aka hango gida a tsawan mita 300 a matakin teku. Tsarin kiwo yana faruwa ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba a cikin kakar. A cikin kama 2-3 qwai.

Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kanannan kwari, kwari, kwari. Sukan farauta a yayin da suke zaune a reshe, galibi sukan farauta ƙananan larva daga ƙarƙashin ganye, ko kuma daga itaciyar itace.

Reed badger

Bird ya zauna Turai. Yawancin lokaci yana fara farawa a cikin Maris, kuma don hunturu kwari kudu - a watan Oktoba.

Abin ban sha'awa, a cikin dare ɗaya na tashi, tsuntsu ya ci nasara kilomita 6,000 yew.
Tsayin jiki 13 cm, nauyi 17 grams. Ba a lura da rage yawan jima'i a cikin manya. Plarfin tummy mai launin shuɗi, fuka-fuki da kuma baya mai launin shuɗi. Akwai tsumma ta baki a kai. Iris duhu ne.
Abincin yana da masaniya ga dukkan reeds.
Tsuntsu ya gina mazauninsa kusa da koguna da Wuraren ruwa.

Reed Reed

Wannan tsuntsu ne mai matukar zafin rai da sauri. Saurinsa mita 10 a sakan daya. Bugu da kari, tana matukar son tsalle-tsalle kan kuzari - tana da wadatattun lamura. Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in shine 13 cm, nauyi 10-15. Plwaya itace madaidaiciya ga kowane nau'in - saman launin ruwan kasa da ƙananan itacen zaitun mai haske. Tsammani na rayuwa kusan shekaru 12 ne.

Turai ana ɗaukar matsayin wurin haifan Reed. Don lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye sukan tashi zuwa Afirka, zuwa hamada Sahara. Nest low daga ƙasa, yayin zabar wuraren da ake ƙara ciyayi.

Yawancin lokaci tsuntsaye suna ba da ɗanɗano na ƙwai 2-3, wanda iyayen biyu suna haɗuwa. Namiji da mace suna tsunduma cikin kulawa da ciyarwa. Shekara guda bayan haihuwa, kajin sun zama tsuntsaye manya.

Gudun gero

Wannan shi ne mai matukar rare jinsin, haka ma, an karancin karatu. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a tsibirin Philippine, China, kudu maso gabashin Siberiya, Taiwan da kudancin Japan. Yana mamaye wurare kusa da koguna, bishiyoyi, busasshen itace.

Ya yi daidai da girmansa da nauyin jikinsa ga warbler gabashin. Launin fure mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da launin toka-zaitun. 'Yan paws ɗin suna da launin toka, mai taurin kai. Idanu sunyi duhu, mai siffar almond. Gashin yana da bakin ciki.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa na tsuntsu ba a yi nazari da yawa ba.

Manchurian reed

Wannan wani reshe ne na Reed na Indiya. Tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a Yankin Gabas. Don hunturu tana tashi zuwa Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia.

Yawan mutanen duniya yana ɗaukar mutum 2500-10,000.
Dangane da bayanan waje, reen Manchu wata tsuntsu ce mara nauyi, mai nauyin gram 14-15, tsayin jiki 13 cm.

Mace da namiji

'Yan uwan ​​tsuntsaye sune tsuntsaye masu aure waɗanda suke haifar da ma'aura don rayuwa. Tsakanin mace da namiji, ba a bayyana ƙarancin jima'i ta kowace hanya. A cikin lokacin mating, mazan za su iya bambance su ta hanyar dabi'a da waka, tare da taimakon wanda yake ƙoƙarin son ƙaunataccensa.

Tunda akwai rarar kuɗi na Reed, halayen tsuntsaye daban-daban, amma abokan haɗin gwiwa yawanci suna gina gida. Yanayin ya kasance daidai da kiwon kajin, ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai.

Ba a karɓa da mayaƙa don kiyayewa ko haifuwa cikin bauta. Tsuntsu mai son 'yanci ne da kadan. A cikin yanayin halitta - Reed yana jin lafiya, don haka "keji keji" zai zama ainihin azabtarwa ga jijiyoyinta.

Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka sanya dattijo cikin yanayi a cikin keji, amma ba abin da aka samu sai an sami tsokanar zalunci daga tsuntsu. A lokuta da dama, idan aka kiyaye ma'aurata, zaku iya jin waka daga namiji, amma wannan yafi godiya ga ciyarwar fiye da waƙa a cikin yanayi. Saboda haka reeda ba shahara tsakanin masoya kaji. Sau da yawa fiye da haka, mutum yakan saki tsuntsu cikin daji saboda bushewar shi da asarar makamashi a cikin keji.

Bayanan Gaske

1. A dabi'a, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan tsiro sama da 35, kuma koda rabin su, masana kimiyya basu da lokacin koyan lafiya. Yawancin nau'ikan da ba a sansu ba.
2. Kusan kashi goma na amfanin gona ana ɗaukar su da ƙarfi - wato, mazaunan wata ƙasa, a waje guda wanda daidaikun mutane iri guda ba su wanzu.
3. Maza suna iya yin abubuwa da yawa a lokaci daya, misali: ci da raira waƙa.
4. Yana da matukar wahala a ci gaba da reeds a gida, saboda kangin bauta, tsuntsaye sun fara nuna haushi kuma gaba daya sun daina kida.
5. Reeds tsuntsaye ne marasa tsayayyen tsari, yana da wahala ka iya bambance su da rawunan - ciyawar ba ta da ma'ana, kuma tsuntsu kanta kadan ne.

Waƙa

Reeds manyan masoya ne game da kade kade da wake-wake a sanyin safiya ko da daddare. Maza suna da damar iya magana da sauti, mata suna raira waƙa don kiran juna kawai.

Karin waƙar yana da rikitarwa, zaku iya cewa an inganta shi. Ya ƙunshi bangarori da yawa: "caret-caret, m-mahimmanci." Dole ne a tuna cewa kowane ɗayan tallafin yana da nasa waƙa, sabanin sauran.

Bayyanar

Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu 27-31 cm tsawo, tare da fikafikan 50-55 cm, kuma nauyin 192-493. Umwaya yana da launin shuɗi-baki ko Slate-launin toka tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a wuya, kunkuntar farin ratsi a tarnaƙi kuma farare tare da baƙar fata. A cikin hunturu, kai da baya suna samun ɗan murmushin ruwan-zaren mai ɗanɗano, ciki kuwa yai saukin. Gashin fuka-fukan firam sune launin toka mai duhu. Bayan ƙarshen molt, ƙamshin gashin fuka-fukan a kan nono da na ƙashin ciki na ciki suna da fararen fararen fata, saboda abin da tsutsotsi a cikin wannan sashin jiki yayi kama da alama. Shedding yana faruwa a cikin manyan tsuntsaye sau biyu a shekara: hunturu yana farawa lokacin hunturu a cikin Janairu - Fabrairu kuma ya ƙare a watan Afrilu - Mayu, bayan-kiwo ya faru a watan Yuli - Oktoba.

Gefen yana da ɗan gajeru, triangular a sifa, ja mai haske a gindi da rawaya ko shuɗi a ƙarshen. Akwai tabo na fata mai haske mai haske a goshi wanda yayi kama da cigaban baki. Iris a cikin lokacin matse yana da duhu ja, sauran kuwa lokacin launin ja ne. Kafafu suna dacewa sosai don motsi tare da lalatattun wurare masu dorewa - mai tsawo da ƙarfi, tare da yatsun elongated da ƙananan yatsunsu mai launin shuɗi, launin rawaya-launi a launi tare da zobe ja a ƙafar ƙafa. A membranes tsakanin yatsan halayyar wasu waterfowl kusan ba ya nan. Maza da mata ba sa da bambanci da juna sosai - maza sun yi kama da ɗan girma, kuma a cikin mace ɓangaren ciki shine mafi sauƙi.

Tsuntsayen yara suna da ɗan bambanci - filayen su mai haske launin ruwan kasa tare da hura mai kauri, makogwaro da kirji. Suna da fararen kaya iri ɗaya da fararen fararen fata a gefuna, duk da haka babu wani jan fata mai launin fata a goshin goge, gemun kuma launin toka ne mai ƙare launin rawaya. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, cikakken samuwar kayan adon ya ƙare a tsakiyar watan Agusta - farkon Satumba a farkon shekarar rayuwa.

Kuri'a

Moorhen yawanci tsuntsu ne mai shiru, amma yana da ikon yin sauti da amo da yawa. Daga cikin su, mutum na iya rarrabewa da ƙaramin ƙara mai kukan rashin ƙarfi, da ɗan ƙaramin abin tunawa da twitter na magpie - wani abu kamar “kick-ik-ik” ko “krrruk”. Wani sautin monosyllabic, amma daidai da amo da kaifi - “kiik” ko “kirk”. Tsutsotsin tsuntsu yana fitar da dakutan "kurr". A lokacin jirgin ko lokacin bazara da daddare, moorhen cackle a saurin sauri: “crack-crack-crack”.

Motsawa

Tsuntsu yakan tashi ba tare da gudu ba, yana tashi da sauri kuma a cikin layin madaidaiciya, yana yin fikafikan zurfin fata akai-akai. A cikin jirgin sama, wuya ya daga sama zuwa sama, kuma yayin da kafafu suka yi ja da baya. Ya kasa kusan tsaye, sau da yawa kai tsaye a kan rassan bushes. A hankali yana motsawa tsakanin rassan mai yawa, sau da yawa hawa zuwa cikin ɓoye. Ba kamar ciyawar da ke kusa da su ba, moorhen ba shi da alaƙa da ruwa kuma suna cin galibin lokaci a cikin ƙasa, a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan tsibirin. Tana motsawa cikin sauri da sauri a ƙasa, yana jingina da kadan kuma, kamar, a ƙafafun da aka lanƙwasa. Wani lokaci ana iya ganin tsuntsu tsaye har yanzu a bakin ruwan. Duk da rashin halayen membranes na ruwa, moorhen yana iyo sosai: sannu a hankali yana jujjuyawa tsakanin duckweed ko wasu tsire-tsire na ruwa, sau da yawa yakan canza shugabanci kuma wani lokacin yakan canza wuri. A kan ruwa, yakan kasance yana ta jujjuya kansa da kuma wutsiya mai tsayi, wanda shima fasalin sifofin wasu nau'in halittar moorhen ne, da kuma coutocin. Ruwa ba tare da so ba, galibi idan akwai haɗari, ana sa shi a ƙarƙashin ruwa, yana manne da plantsasan da ke ƙasa tare da .arfann sa. A cikin neman abinci, yakan lullube kansa da ruwa.

Yankin

A cikin Turai, suna da kusan kusan ko'ina, ban da tsaunukan tuddai na Alps, yankin Scandinavian na Arewacin ƙasar da ke a ma'aunin 66 ° arewa da arewacin Russia. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, iyakar arewa ta kewayon ta wuce kimanin 60 ° arewa maso gabas - ta hanyar Karelian Isthmus, Novgorod, Vologda Oblasts arewacin Rijiyar Rybinsk, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Omsk Oblast da Altai Krai. Hakanan ana samun tsuntsun a gabacin Far a cikin yankin Primorsky, da kuma a Sakhalin da kuma Kudancin Kuril. A cikin Asiya, kaji ma ya zama ruwan dare a Indiya kuma a kudu maso gabas har zuwa Filipinas, amma, babu shi a cikin yankuna masu ƙyalli na Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya, da kuma Yammacin Siberiya. A Afirka, ana iya samun tsuntsaye kawai a kudanci na nahiyar, Madagascar da yamma a yankin Kongo da Algeria. A Arewacin Amurka, tsuntsayen gida a kudu da gabashin Amurka (California, Arizona, New Mexico da jihohin gabashin Texas, Kansas, Nebraska da Minnesota), da kuma a Mexico. Har ila yau, Moorhen ya zama ruwan dare a Tsakiyar Amurka, Caribbean da Kudancin Amurka daga Brazil zuwa Argentina da Peru.

Habitat

Abitats suna da alaƙa da ruwan halitta na ruwa ko na wucin gadi (mara wuya) gawarwakin ruwa tare da filayen da suka mamaye ciyayi, kosai, ko kuma wasu tsire-tsire na ruwa ko kusa-ruwa. Ramijan na iya zama babba a girma ko ƙarami, kuma ruwan da yake ciki yana gudana da tsaye. An zaɓi fifiko ga wuraren da ke da ruwa tare da duckweed a kan ruwa da kuma ciyayin na ciyayi (kamar willows) akan ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yana yin asirce - a lokacin day a ci gaba da zama a cikin maɓuɓɓugan bakin teku, kuma a ƙarshen sa ne kawai ya fashe cikin ruwa mai buɗewa. A cikin Turai, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fi son shimfidar wurare masu ƙarancin ƙasa - alal misali, a cikin Jamusanci ba'a same shi sama da 600 m ba, kuma a Switzerland sama da 800 m sama da matakin teku. Koyaya, gabaɗaya, babbar hanyar mazaunin ta bambanta sosai dangane da yankin - alal misali, a cikin Caucasus, ana samun tsuntsaye a tsawan sama har zuwa 1800 m, kuma a cikin Nepal har zuwa 4575 m sama da matakin teku.

Hijira

A mafi yawan ɓangaren ƙasar, moorhenes suna kwance ƙasa, kuma kawai a arewa ne yanzunnan suna cikin ƙaura ko ƙaura. A wasu halayen, yanayin yanayin wadannan tsuntsayen ba a fahimta sosai. An sani cewa a Turai dabi'ar yin ƙaura yana ƙaruwa daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas: a cikin ƙasashen tsohuwar USSR da Finland, kusan dukkanin tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura, a cikin Scandinavia, Poland da arewacin Jamus, ƙaramin kashi ya rage zuwa hunturu, kuma a cikin tsuntsayen Yammacin Turai tsuntsaye. zauna zaune. Tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura daga Arewacin Turai a cikin hunturu suna motsa yamma ko kudu maso yamma, suna isa tsibirin Biritaniya, Iberian Peninsula, Italiya, Balkans da Arewacin Afirka. A cikin yawan jama'ar Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, ƙaura yana faruwa ne daga arewa zuwa kudu ko daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas. Tsuntsayen Yammacin Siberiya suna iya tafiya zuwa gabar Tekun Caspian, kudu maso gabashin Asiya ta tsakiya, zuwa Iraki, Iran, Afghanistan da kuma kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya. A gabashin Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsuntsayen hunturu na iya yin ƙaura zuwa China da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. An sami rarrabe yanayin moorhen hunturu a yankin Saharar Afirka, Senegal, Gambiya, Mali, arewacin Najeriya da Sudan, kudancin Chadi, amma ba a yi nazarin wuraren binciken waɗannan tsuntsaye ba.

A cikin Amurka, moorhen ƙaura zuwa arewacin Gulf of Mexico da Florida.

Dangane da ƙaura, suna isa wuraren farauta lokacin da ruwan ya sami 'yanci daga kankara - a watan Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Farkon lokacin kaka yana farawa a farkon watan Agusta. A lokacin tashiwar bazara, tsuntsaye a cikin mafi yawa suna kasancewa cikin nau'i-nau'i (da wuya ke tashi shi kaɗai), tashi da nisan sama da dare. Hijira ta kaka tana faruwa ne a ƙananan ƙarancin yanayi, da farko a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma shagali, kuma a ƙarshen a cikin ƙananan garken da suka kai 10 tsuntsaye.

Halin zamantakewa

Moorhen yana nisantar al'umman sauran tsuntsaye, gami da nau'in iri ɗaya. A lokacin ƙaura hunturu ne kaɗai zasu iya tara ɗan lokaci a wuri ɗaya har zuwa 20 (da wuya kusan 50) nau'i biyu, amma kuma a wannan yanayin suna kiyaye nesa tsakanin 1-5 m tsakanin kansu. Ragowar lokacin da za'a hadu da su bibiyu ko kadai, a hankali su kiyaye abin da ya shafi makiyaya da kuma yankin da yake zaune. Idan baƙo ya bayyana a kan iyakar yankin, suna haifar da halayyar ƙaƙƙarfan motsi na monosyllabic na “kirk” ko “cyc-cyc”, kuma suma ana tura su zuwa wurin bako. Idan wani rikici ya taso tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na makwabta ko tare da wasu tsuntsaye, moorhen ya ɗauki nau'i mai barazanar, kuma a cikin yanayin ci gaba da zalunci, sun shiga cikin yaƙin.Tsuntsu ya saukar da kawunsa ƙasa a gaban abokan gaba, ya daga baya ta jiki ya shimfida wutsiyarsa, kuma lokacin da rikici ya faru akan ruwa, zai iya yin ƙasa gaba ɗaya kuma yayi saurin yin iyo zuwa abokan gaba.

Masu Kulla

A cikin Turai, mafiya hatsarin mafarauta don moorhen sune buzzards na yau da kullun, baƙar fata da rahutu, magpies, herons launin toka, marsh watanni, mujiya gaggafa, berayen Amurka, dawakai. Bugu da kari, a wasu yankuna na duniya, beraye, kuliyoyi, karnuka da dodon kaji na iya iyakance dalilai ga tsuntsaye.

Moorhen Farauta

Moorhen ba shi da darajar kasuwanci, amma duk da haka abubuwa ne na wasanni da farauta, na wasa ne na ciyawar ciyawa. A Rasha, farauta don buɗewa kawai a lokacin bazara-kaka (Agusta - Nuwamba). Saboda yanayin rayuwar sirrinsu da karancin lambobin su, kamar sauran tsuntsayen saniya, sukan yi harbi a hanya, yawanci lokacin da suke farauta dabbobin. Farauta moorhenes daga skradok a lokacin safiyar safiyar da maraice shine mafi inganci, adadin da aka gwammace na harbi da aka yi amfani dashi shine No. 7. Dangane da Mataki na 333.3 na Kundin Tsarin Haraji na Russianungiyar Rasha, an haɗu da moorhen bisa ga lasisi ɗaya masu rajista, tarin tarin shine 20 rubles a kowace dabba.

Moorhen hijirarsa

Moorhen a cikin yawancin wuraren zama shine tsaka mai wuya. Kawai a cikin yankuna kusa da kewayon wannan nau'in sun cika ko ƙaura daga wani yanki. A Turai, yawan tsuntsayen masu ƙaura suna raguwa daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. A cikin Finland da ƙasashen CIS, yawancin tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura.

A arewacin Jamus, Poland da Scandinavia, 'yan kaɗan ne daga cikin tsuntsayen suka rage don hunturu. A Yammacin Turai, kusan dukkanin mutane masu sassaucin ra'ayi ne. Kuma Arewacin Turai yana ƙaura moorhenes daga kudu maso yamma zuwa yamma zuwa Italiya, Iberian Peninsula, British Isles, Balkans da Arewacin Afirka. Yawancin mazaunan a Gabas da Tsakiyar Turai suna yin jiragen sama na lokaci daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas ko daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Daga Yammacin Siberiya, moorhenes suna tashi zuwa hunturu zuwa kudu na tsakiyar Asiya, tekun Bahar Rum, zuwa Iran, Afghanistan, Iraki da ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya. Daga gabashin Siberiya, moorhen suna ƙaura zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya da China. Yawan mutanen Amurkawa suna ƙaura zuwa arewacin Florida da kuma Tekun Mexico.

Duk da kasancewar membranes na ruwa mai haɓaka, hammayar ruwa tana iyo sosai.

Abincin kaji mai narkewa

Abincin wannan moorhen ya hada da abinci na tsiro da asalin dabbobi. Tana samun abinci ta hanyar iyo a ruwa kuma lokaci zuwa lokaci tana nutsar da kan ta cikin ruwa, ko kuma tafiya cikin ruwa mara zurfi sannan ta juye ganyen duckweed, lilin na ruwa da sauran tsirrai na ruwa. Wani lokacin, don neman abinci, tsuntsu yakanyi rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A kan tudu, ciyawar moorhen kwari mai kwari, haka kuma berries na tsirrai da bishiyoyi, tsirrai masu tsirrai. Har ila yau, yana cin younga youngan matasa na kusa-ruwa da tsire-tsire na ruwa, irin wannan algae, furannin ruwa, da reeds. Hakanan abincin ya hada da amphibians, mollusks da nau'ikan invertebrates.

Farfagandar Moorhen

Moorhenes tsuntsaye ne masu yawan aure. Suna samar da nau'ikan barga waɗanda basu iya rabuwa ba shekaru da yawa. A cikin ƙaura da mazauna mazauna, lokacin kiwo ya ɗan ɗan bambanta. A cikin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, kiwo yakan faru ne kawai a cikin lokacin dumi, yayin da mutane ke zaune, lokacin kiwo na iya wuce duk shekara.

A lokacin tarawa, ba maza ne ke neman halayyar mace ba, amma akasin haka, mata suna gasa a tsakanin su na hakkin mallakar namiji.

Motsawar motsi na isa wuraren da ake yin kiwon dabbobi a latti. Nau'in nau'ikan irin waɗannan tsuntsaye ana kafa su koda a wuraren lokacin hunturu, kuma sun isa wuraren farauta tuni don zama ɗayan nau'i-nau'i.

Bambanci mai ban sha'awa shine tsarin haɗin kai a cikin moorhen idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in tsuntsaye. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin moorhen mace, mata suna gasa don haƙƙin mallaki namiji.

Gidaje suna a cikin ƙananan tafkuna masu yawa, kamar su ƙananan koguna masu shuru, fadama ruwa da tabkuna na gandun daji. Moorhen sun gwammace su zauna nesa da duk wasu tsuntsayen, gami da wasu nau'ikan nasu. Paramin kandami, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana ɗaukar biyu kawai. Nisa tsakanin nitocin dake kusa dashi galibi yakai mita 25. Yankin gidan wata 'yariji shine ma'aunin 8 cm.

Gida an gina shi ne akan wani hawan kusa da tafki ko kai tsaye a tsakiyar sa. Zai iya zama dunƙule wanda yake fitowa daga cikin ruwa, daɗaɗɗun reeds, rassan itace da ke ambaliya, bushes kusa da ruwa. Kayan gini don ginin gida shine bushe ganye da mai tushe na tsire-tsire kusa. Dukansu biyu mace da namiji suna da hannu wajen gina gida. Mace galibi suna layi da akushi, yayin da namiji zai yi mu'amala da tushe na mazauni. Tsarin da aka gama shine rufin da aka keɓe tare da diamita na 21 - 25 cm da tsawo na kusan 15 cm.

Kajin da sauri fara fara iyo, idan ya cancanta, nutse har hawa rassan itace.

A lokaci daya, mace yawanci tana yin kwai biyu. A kowane irin kama akwai ƙwai na 5 - 9. Tsuntsu yana kwance waɗannan ƙwayayen tare da zuwa sa'o'i 24 a kowace. Qwai tare da bawo daga yumɓu mai kauri, ɗamarar haske da hular ocher suna da girman 38-50x23-34. Dukkan iyayen sun dauki nauyin shigo da masonry. Lokacin shiryawa yana tsawon makonni 3.

Ana haihuwar 'yan kwalliya a cikin farin baƙi tare da tintim mai ruwan zaren-zaitun. Yana dan shekara 40 - kwanaki 70, kajin sun riga sun san yadda za su yi ta tashi cikin haƙuri.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.