Pollock (lat. Gadus chalcogrammus, kuma Theragra chalcogramma) - ƙananan kifin mai sanyi-kifin ƙawancen dangi. Mafi yawan kifi a Arewa Pacific.

Bayyanar

Matsakaicin jikin mutum shine 90 cm, kuma nauyin shine 5 kilogiram, matsakaicin rayuwa yana da shekaru 15.

• ƙarancin ƙyalle uku
• eriya mai ɗan gajeren hancin ƙarƙashin lebe na ƙasa,
• ventral ƙonewa dake kafin pectoral.
• alamu canza launi.
• manyan idanu

Rayuwa

Wannan kifin yana zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi (daga 2 zuwa 9 ° C), yana fifita zurfin daga mita 200 zuwa 300, kodayake yana iya yin ƙaura, yana gangara zuwa zurfin mita 500-700 da zurfi. Pollock yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 15-16. A lokacin tsunduma, pollock yana gabatowa gaɓar teku, yana iyo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi tare da zurfin 50-100 m. Ciyar da kanta a sassa daban-daban na Tekun Pasifik yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban. Don haka tsintar pollock a cikin Tekun Bering yana faruwa a cikin bazara da bazara (Maris zuwa Satumba), a gefen tekun Koriya - a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara (Nuwamba zuwa Maris), a Kamchatka - a lokacin bazara. A wannan yanayin, mace na iya ƙyalli koda a yanayin zafi yake (- 1.8 ° C). Caviar yana haɓakawa a cikin yanki na 50-mita.

Pollock ya kai ga balaga tun yana ɗan shekara 3-4, yayin da ya isa matsakaicinsa, wanda kuma ya bambanta a wurare daban-daban na mazaunin kifi (daga 2.5 zuwa 5 kg).

Tare da sauran masu farautar pelagic (mackerel, cod, tuna, mackerel doki) suna samun abinci a matakan daban-daban. : 46 Abinda ke haifar da Pollock musamman akan crustaceans na planktonic. Yayinda yake girma, pollock yana fara ciyar da abincin da ya fi girma, watau ƙananan kifi (capelin, Asiya ya narke) da squid. A tsakanin pollock, akwai lokuta na cin naman mutane - cin larvae da soya daga nau'in su.

Habitat

Abin sha'awa Kifin Pollock ba kogi bane, amma ruwan teku, galibi ana samun sa a cikin ruwayen teku. Yankin da ya fi kowane yanki rarrabawa shi ne latin arewa na tekun Pacific da Atlantika, amma ana iya samun kudu, alal misali, a gefen tekun Koriya ta Koriya.

Babban yanayin yanayin rayuwa ana ɗaukar zazzabi na ruwa. Wannan kifin na iya jin daɗi kawai a inda ruwa baya dumama sama da digiri 10.

Pollock da kanta shine maɓalli wanda ke ciyar da kan ƙananan dabbobi, alal misali, squid, smelt ko capelin, kuma ƙananan mutane a farkon matakin haɓaka su sun fi son bambancin plankton.

Matsakaicin pollock yana bayyana gaskiyar cewa zai iya rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan gishiri kuma wannan shine dalilin teku ce, ba kifin kogi. Kuma duk abin da ya dace da shi azaman abinci ana iya samun shi kawai a cikin teku na bude, kuma galibi a cikin teku, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, a wurare masu nisa daga bakin tekun.

Ma'adinai Kasuwanci

Ya kamata a sani cewa har kwanan nan an yi amfani da pollock a matsayin kayan abinci tare da ƙimar gaske. Koyaya, kwanan nan samarwarsa yana haɓaka kullun kuma har zuwa wani lokaci har ma ya kai irin wannan kundin da cewa "kore" ya yi kararrawa.

Matsakaicin kamun kifi Pollock ya isa a 2009lokacin da aka kama irin wannan adadin kifayen da wakilan Greenpeace suka fara magana kan yiwuwar kawar da jama'a idan har aka samar da wadataccen aikin a cikin shekaru da yawa a jere. Bayan haka, da yawa daga kungiyoyin kare muhalli sun gabatar da tambaya game da bukatar rage samarwa da amfani da wannan nau'in kifin.

Matakan da aka ɗauka bayan wannan ya ba da damar jujjuya pollock daga ƙarshen lalata, ko da yake a yau, a cikin irin waɗannan masu kama-da-katako, har yanzu shine mafi ƙarancin kifi a duniya. Amma a kowane hali, game da lalata magana yanzu ba kuma wannan yana ƙarfafa masu ilimin kimiya tare da kyakkyawan fata.

Yawan abinci mai gina jiki da amfani a dafa abinci

Kamar kowane teku, ba kifin kogi, pollock Ya na da kyau kwarai da ɗanɗano da babban abun ciki na na gina jiki. Da farko dai, shine potassium da phosphorus, kamar yadda manyan abubuwan da ake binciken abubuwan da suka wajaba don aiki na yau da kullun. Bugu da kari, naman pollock yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin aidin da amino acid, hantarsa ​​na dauke da sinadarin Vitamin A da mai mai yawa, wanda yake da matukar amfani ga mutane, saboda yadda ake saurin saukeshi.

Kuma duk da haka, duk da fa'idodin da ke tattare da ita, ana iya amfani da pollock sosai a cikin tsararren tsari, kamar, faɗar, sauran kifin na ɗambin cod. Ana sarrafa naman Pollock ne musamman don kayan haɗin kai da na ƙarshe.

Misali, suna yin kwaikwayon nama mai tono daga gare ta, wanda yau an cika shi da shelves na duk kantunan Rasha, har da bargo don abinci mai sauri - kayan tallafin gama-gari da aka gama da su sun zama ruwan dare tsakanin samfuran shahararrun masana'antar ta McDonald.

Hakanan pollock ya bushe ko bushe - an samar da wannan samfuri sosai a ƙasar Sin. Irin waɗannan samfuran za'a iya samun su a cikin shagunan ƙwararrun, misali, inda suke sayar da abun ciye-ciye iri iri don giya. Hakanan ana girbi Pollock caviar, wanda aka sayar da shi da gishiri sosai.

Yankin

• Tekun Asiya yana cikin Japan, Okhotsk da Bering Seas.
• Gabar Tekun Amurka - Tekun Bering, Alaska Bay, Monterey Bay.
• Ruwan Ocean - zuwa Sangarsky Strait, da wuya aka samu kudu.
• An sami kusanci kusa da Tekun Barents - Atlanta Pollock (Surahgra finnmarchica).

Kalori abun ciki

Kalori abun ciki na gas fillet shine 72.3 kcal a cikin 100 g. Idan ka dafa kifi, mun sami:

• pollock soyayyen a cikin kwanon rufi - 275,9 kcal,
• steamed - 77,9 kcal,
• Boiled - 74.1 kcal,
• stewed - 70.8 kcal,
• bushe - 221,6 kcal,
• gasa a cikin tanda - 85,6 kcal.

Pollock roe ta 100 g yana da adadin kuzari na 133.1 kcal, kuma hanta - 473.8 kcal. Milk - 91.2 kcal a cikin 100 g. Mutanen da suke son yin asara su fi son kifin da aka dafa ko steamed.

Kifi

Daga cikin kifaye masu kama da Tekun Duniya, pollock ya mamaye wani babban matsayi dangane da samarwa. Pollock yana da ma'adinan trawls da raga mai gyarawa. A lokaci guda, kifayen da kuma yawan kifayen da aka kama sun dogara da yawan tsararraki, yanayin yawan jama'a, da lokacin kamun kifi. A cikin yankin RF, mafi ƙarancin kamun kifi shine 20 cm.

A tsakiyar 1980s, lokacin da duniya ta fara kamuwa da cutar pollock ya kusan tan miliyan 7, rabin abin da aka kama ya fito ne daga tsohuwar USSR. Tare da shudi mai launin shuɗi na Tekun Atlantika, a baya ana ɗaukar nauyin ƙwayar bakin teku a matsayin wadatar ƙananan darajar abinci mai gina jiki. : 39

A cikin shekarun 1990s, kamfe bai wuce tan miliyan 5 ba: 49, kuma a farkon karni na uku sun faɗi tan miliyan 2.5-22.9. Sakamakon shaye-shaye, kasancewar pollock yana cikin mummunan haɗari, saboda haka Greenpeace ta yi kira ga wannan a kaka kaka 2009 guji siye da cinyewar pollock da kayayyaki daga gare ta.

A cikin shekarar 2015, kamun da Rasha ta yiwa Pollock ya kai tan miliyan 1.623, wanda ya ninka 6.9% fiye da na shekarar 2014. A shekarar 2016, kamun kifin pollock ya kai tan miliyan 1.74. Ya kama Pollock a cikin 42.5% na jimlar kamun kifi. Daga tan miliyan 1.9 na kayayyakin kifin da aka fitarwa daga Rasha, jagora ya kasance mai daskarewa; a shekarar 2016, yawan wadatar sa ya kai tan dubu 782, ko kuma kashi 53.3% na wadatar kayan, wanda ya karu da kaso 1.6% idan aka kwatanta da 2015.

Babban wanda ya shigo da fillar pollock na duniya shine Koriya ta Kudu, wanda ta saya a cikin 2016 a cikin dala miliyan 85, wanda ya kai kashi 96.8% na jimlar fitarwa na wannan samfurin daga Rasha. Daga cikin kasashen kungiyar EU, manyan masu shigo da pollock daga Rasha da China sune Jamus, Poland da Netherlands. Hanyar hanawa ta Rasha ta fi arha fiye da abin da masunta a Amurika suka kama a Alaska, wannan ya taimaka masa wajen samun dala miliyan 200 a kasuwannin gida na Amurka nan da shekarar 2019.

Darajar abinci mai gina jiki

Da sinadirai masu darajar kifi a 100 g:

• sunadarai - 16.1 g
• carbohydrates - 0 g
• fats - 0.8 g
• ruwa - 82.8 g
• fiber na abin da ake ci - 0 g.

Haɗin pollock BZHU a kowace g 100 na kashewa:

Daga teburin ya zama sananne dalilin da yasa hanta kalori na kifi yayi yawa, amma kar ku manta cewa ƙoshin da ke cikin kifin zai zama da amfani kawai idan kun ci su cikin matsakaici.

M kaddarorin pollock

Tare da amfani da matsakaici, pollock zai zama samfuri mai amfani ga jiki:

1. Godiya ga abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke cikin samfurin, yaduwar ayyukan kumburi da ke cikin gabobin ciki, ƙwayoyin mucous da fatar jiki a cikin jiki.
2. Ga masu shan sigari, pollock zai zama samfuri mai mahimmanci musamman, tunda saboda yawan kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ana toshe tasirin nicotine akan huhu.
3. Yin amfani da samfurin yau da kullun yana haɓaka metabolism, yana hana damuwa a cikin tsarin jijiya, rage mummunan tasirin damuwa akan lafiyar.
4. Samfurin yana rage cholesterol kuma hakan yana hana haɓakar wata cuta kamar atherosclerosis.
5. Sakamakon kasancewar potassium a cikin abun da ke ciki, ana cire yawan ruwa mai narkewa daga jiki, sakamakon wanda kumburi ke wucewa.
6. Filin pollock yana da amfani musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya ko masu haɗari. Abubuwan da ke da amfani suna ƙarfafa tasoshin jini da daidaita karfin zuciya. An bada shawarar samfurin don amfani don rigakafin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya - wannan gaskiya ne ga mutanen da ke fuskantar kullun don ƙara yawan motsa jiki.
7. Akwai sinadarin iodine da yawa a cikin kifi, godiya ga wanda glandar thyroid ke inganta. Bugu da kari, isasshen matakin aidin a jikin dan adam zai kara karfi da kuma inganta yanayin rayuwa baki daya.
8. Yin amfani da kifi na zamani zai karfafa garkuwar jiki da kara kariya ga garkuwar jiki daga cututtuka.
9. Saboda yawan furotin na furotin, pollock yana taimakawa 'yan wasa gina tsoka da mayar da ƙarfi bayan horo.

A cewar wasu nazarin, kifin marine tare da yin amfani da kullun yana rage haɗarin ciwon kansa.

Pollock na hanta

Fa'idodin hanta pollock a cikin bayan aikin suma ana ganinsu musamman - a cikin abinci akwai karuwar taro mai yawa, wanda yake dawo da ƙarfi da haɓaka mai mahimmanci. Bugu da kari, samfurin yana tasiri sosai:

• metabolism a cikin jiki,
• tsarin haihuwa
• wahayi,
• yanayin hakora, kasusuwa da kusoshi,
• aikin thyroid
• aikin tsarin hematopoietic,
• tsarin zuciya.

Bugu da ƙari, hanta yana da amfani a ci a cikin hunturu, lokacin da jiki ke fama da ƙarancin bitamin.

Amfanin kifin caviar

Abun da ke cikin samfurin yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin folic acid, bitamin B da E, haka kuma phosphorus, potassium, alli da magnesium. Samfurin ba wai kawai ya shafi aikin gabobin ciki ba, amma kuma mata suna amfani da shi don dalilai na kwaskwarima.

Caviar yana shafar jikin mutum ta hanyar:

• inganta tsarin numfashi,
• warkewa cikin sauri bayan mummunan cuta ko tsawan lokaci,
• samar da jiki tare da macro- da microelements, da kuma bitamin.

A matsayin samfuran kwaskwarima, ana amfani da caviar don yin masks na fuska, wanda ke sake farfado da fata kuma ya sa ya fi taushi. Koyaya, caviar salted ba ta dace da hanyar ba kuma ba ta da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar caviar soyayyen.

Tasiri akan jiki

Pollock yana da tasirin warkewa akan jikin mata da maza:

1. Yin amfani da tsari na yau da kullun zai cire ƙarfe mai nauyi, samfuran lalata da gubobi daga jiki.
2. Kifi yana haɓaka aikin tsoka kuma yana hana haƙora.
3. Ta hanyar cin pollock a kai a kai, kuna taimakawa gabobin gani. Samfurin yana rage matsalar ido kuma yana hana ci gaban cututtukan ido. Duk wannan mai yiwuwa ne godiya ga bitamin A.
4. Pollock yana rage sukarin jini, wanda yake zama matakan kariya ga ci gaban ciwon sukari, haka kuma wani bangare na taimakawa a cikin cutar.
5. Idan kun ci kifi aƙalla sau biyu a mako, zaku inganta tsarin tsufa da ƙwayoyin jini.
6. Samfurin daidai yana taimakawa maido da ƙarfi bayan mummunan ciwo ko ƙoƙarin jiki, kazalika da abubuwan da suka shafi haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa.
7. Godiya ga abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai gina jiki, aikin kwakwalwa yana inganta, maida hankali da karuwa da hankali. Bugu da kari, pollock yayi tasiri sosai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
8. Kifi yana da amfani mai amfani ga tsarin haihuwa a cikin maza da mata, yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi kuma yana ƙaruwa da damar haihuwa.
9. Abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ke cikin samfurin suna inganta yanayin kusoshi kuma suna haɓaka haɓaka gashi.

Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, pollock yana haɓaka sabuntar nama, yana ƙarfafa ligaments da guringuntsi.

Sakamakon cutarwa

Game da cutar da kifayen, da kuma rashin haƙuri ga abincin teku ko rashin lafiyan, akwai haɗarin mummunan tasirin samfurin ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Contraindications wa yin amfani da pollock:

• hauhawar jini - wannan ya shafi soyayyen kifin mai soyayyen ko salted da caviar, wanda ke iya haɓaka hawan jini,
• m nau'i na cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili,
• yakamata a zubarda hanta ta hanyar narkewa mai narkewa,
• Kada mata masu juna biyu su ci ɗanyen gishiri ko busasshen kifi, saboda yana iya tsananta puff.

Bugu da kari, kowane abincin abincin teku zai iya tara kayan karafa masu hatsari ga lafiya. A saboda wannan dalili, ba za ku iya ci pollock raw ko cin zarafin samfurin ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da guba ta Mercury.

Kammalawa

Pollock ingantaccen tsarin abinci ne wanda ke taimaka wa mata rasa nauyi, kuma ga 'yan wasa maza don ƙirƙirar kyawawan tsokoki. Kifi, caviar, da hanta ana amfani da su don dalilai na magani da na kwaskwarima, wanda ke sa samfurin kusan lalata su. Akwai lokuta da yawa masu amfani da kifayen kifi fiye da contraindications ko cutarwa mai yiwuwa daga cin abinci, don haka babu makawa pollock cikin abincin mutumin da ya yarda da tsarin lafiya. Babban abu - kar ku zagi samfurin, saboda karancin adadin kuzari baya nufin cewa akwai kifaye marasa iyaka.