Therizinosaurs (ko Segnosaurs) an samo su a cikin kayan kwalliya daga Farko zuwa Late Cretaceous a Mongolia, China da kuma yammacin Amurka. Sunan "Therizinosaurus" ya fito ne daga Therizinosaurus, sunan ɗayan wakilan wannan rukunin, kuma "Segnosaurus" - daga Segnosaurus.
Therizinosaves yana da wuyan tsufa, torsos masu yawa. Legsafafun hular suna tare da yatsunsu huɗu waɗanda ake amfani da su don tafiya, wanda ya sa suka yi kama da prosauropod. Uniquearshe ƙashin ƙugu sun kasance iri ɗaya ne da ƙashin ƙugu na dinosaur, kuma cinyoyinsu da ƙafafunsu sun kasance kamar ƙafafun da yatsun tsutsotsi.
Therizinosaurs an dauki su a matsayin dangin prosauuropod har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da aka gano wani alxasaurus, burbushin halittun wanda aka kiyaye gaba daya. Da alama Alksazavr yayi kama da 'theropod', maimakon wani pro-sauropod, don haka ne aka sanya therizinosaurs a cikin rarrabuwa irin na zamani a matsayin theropods.
Dangantaka tsakanin therizinosaurs da sauran theropods an kirkireshi ne dangane da gano wakilan mambobin kungiyar, kamarsu beiposaosaur a 1999 da falkaria a shekara ta 2005. Masana kimiyya wadanda suka bayyana falkaria sun lura cewa tana wakiltar matakin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin tsararrakin dabbobi da kwari. Kodayake a halin yanzu ana rarrabe therizinosaurs azaman theropods, kwanyar su tayi kama da skranls sauropod a sifar hakoran da jaws, don haka wataƙila sun kasance herbivorous.
Mafi kyawun halayen dabi'ar therizinosaurs shine babbar maƙalaran ƙafafunsu, waɗanda a cikin wasu nau'in (irin su therizinosaurus) sun kai tsayin santimenti casa'in. Hujjar cewa therizinosaurs na iya shimfida goshinsu zuwa nesa mai nisa ya tabbatar da cewa suna masu halaye masu kyau. Therizinosaurs na iya amfani da doguwar kafaɗunsu da leɓun ƙaho mai ƙarfi don tanƙwara rassa a bakunansu, a yanayin kama da wanda yake da alamar rushewar yanayin. Burbushin halittun Beipyaosaurus ya nuna cewa an rufe therizinosaurs da wani irin farin ruwa mai kama da wanda aka samu a Sinosauropteryx, kuma yana da manyan fuka-fukan da za'a iya amfani da su don zanga-zangar don jawo hankalin mambobin da ke cikin jima'i ko tsoratar da su. Therizinosaurs sun kasance dinosaurs da yawa daban-daban, daga karamin beiposaosaurs (2.2 mita) zuwa giwar therizinosaurus, wanda ya kai tsawon mita 10-12, wanda aka auna kimanin tan 6.2 kuma yana daga cikin manyan masanan da ake dasu.
Tarihin nazari
Saboda binciken farko bai cika ba, wadannan sifofi irin na sifofi sun jagoranci wasu masana kimiyya, kamar Gregory S. Paul, zuwa ga karyar karya cewa segnosaurs (kalmar "serisinosaurs" ba'a yi amfani da su a lokacin ba) sune zuriyar prosauropods ko dinosaurs na kaji na asali. Saboda gaskiyar cewa an dauki therizinosaurs dangi prozauropod, hotunan segnosaur na farko (gami da misalai na Paul) yana nuna su azaman rabin dabbobi masu kafafu-hudu, duk da haka, motsin wadannan halittun akan kafafu hudu ba zai yiwu ba da yanayin tsuntsu na wuyan hannu. Masanin ilimin burbushin halittu Robert T. Backer a 1986 ya ba da shawarar canza rarrabuwa na abubuwan da ake amfani da shi don zama a wancan lokacin. Detaya daga cikin abubuwan ya kamata ya haɗa da abubuwan cin abinci iri iri - carnosaurs, coelurosaurs, raptors, da na biyu detachment na duk herbivorous - ornithopods, hadrosaurs, marginosaurus, ceratops, kazalika da segnosaurs, sauropods, da prosauropods.
Lokaci da kuma wurin zama
A gabanmu wani zane mai haske mai alshazaur wanda mai zane dan kasar Argentina Gabriel Lio yayi.
Alshazaurs sun wanzu a farkon Cretaceous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 125-100.5 da suka gabata (daga Apt zuwa Albanian). An rarraba su a cikin yankin kasar Sin ta zamani, a cikin manufar Alashan, wanda yake yanki ne mai ikon mallaka na Inner Mongolia.
Nau'in da Tarihin Binciken
Iyakar nau'in da aka sani yau Alxasaurus elesitaiensisdaidai da ake samfurin.
A karon farko, jirgin Sino-Kanad ya gano burbushin alshazaur daga ranar 21 ga Agusta zuwa Satumba 2, 1988, kilomita 1 yamma da ƙauyen Elesitai da kilomita 23 yamma da ƙauyen Tukemu (Alashan hamada, Yankin Mongolia Mai cin gashin kansa, China). Wannan yanki mallakar tsarin ilimin Bain-Gobi ne.
Bayanin masanin ilimin burbushin halittu dan kasar Canada Dale Russell da abokin aikinsa na kasar Sin Dong Zhimin sun ba da bayanin ga alshazaurus a shekarar 1994. An buga shi a cikin littafin kimiyya. Jaridar Kanada ta Kimiyya. A farkon labarin, mun yi bayanin asalin alshazaur. An ba da sunan nau'in elesitaiensis a cikin mazaunin Elesitai, kusa da inda aka samo dinosaur.
Holotype, ragowar mafi girma kuma mafi cikakken mutum, ya sami lakabin IVPP 88402a. Ya haɗa da haƙori haƙori na dama tare da haƙora da dama, kasusuwa na ƙashin ƙugu da ƙafar ƙafa, hakarkarinsu da mafi yawan kashin baya, gami da sacral 5 da 19 caudal vertebrae. Bayan wannan kuma, an san wasu karin samfuran alshazaurus guda hudu: IVPP 88301, IVPP 88402b, IVPP 88501 da IVPP 88510. Tare suna ba da izinin sake gina dabbobin kusan gaba daya, ban da kwanyar kawai.
Tsarin jiki
Tsawon jikin alshazaurus ya kai mita 3.8. Tsawonsa ya kai mita 1.9. Ya auna nauyin kilo 380 (nauyin babban zebra).
Pangolin na kasar Sin ya tashi a kan kafafu biyu, wanda ya kai tsawon mita 1.5. Tsawon kwatangwalo ya kai 1.5 m. Forelimbs din suma sun yi tsawo sosai (misalin 1 m). Sun ƙare da yatsu uku tare da manyan yatsu masu kaifi. Waɗannan bayanai suna nuna cewa alshazaur ya yi amfani da goshin sa kai tsaye. Zasu iya zama da amfani wajen samun abinci ko kariya daga maharbanta. A bayyane yake, alshazaurus, kamar yawancin therizinosaurs, ba a bambanta shi da fitattun hanzari ba, kodayake yana da madaidaiciya ta waya fiye da tarihin dangi - therizinosaurus (Therizinosaurus).
Abin takaici, kwanyar ba ta da cikakkiyar kariya: kawai an san yanki daga cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Koyaya, dangane da taxa mafi kusa, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa ƙarami ne, kunkuntar da kuma girma. Providedan ƙananan hakora na alshazaurus an bayar da su da rawanin mai siffar ganye. Jikin dinosaur na farkon Cretaceous ya kasance mai tsarin ganga kuma ya riga ya fara bambanta da wuyan bakin ciki da karamin kai.
Shahararriyar mawakiyar China Chaun Chun Tat tana ba da babban abin birgewa. Duk da cewa yawancin zane-zanen zane suna nuna hoton alshazaur, amma har yanzu ba a gano alamun gashin fuka-fukin ba. Koyaya, kasancewar irin wannan kusancin beiposaosaur (Beipiaosaurus), kuma yana zaune a China, hakika yana da karin nauyi ga wannan sigar.
Sabanin da farko therizinosaurs, alshazaurus tuni yana da gajerun wutsiya. Gabaɗaya, alshazavrid ya kasance mai tsaka-tsaki na tsaka-tsakin yanayi na wayar hannu.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa yana ɗaukar alamun "mafi" duka kuma daga baya Therizinosaurs, kasancewa matsakaici a matsayin, Dale Russell da Dong Zhiming sun sanya shi a cikin gidan daban na alshazavrid. Gabaɗaya, yakamata a sani cewa gano alshazaurus muhimmiyar tabbatarwa ce da cewa therizinosaurs ya sauko ne daga theropods. Musamman, kashi na wuyan wucin gadi yana da asali a cikin dromaeosaurids, troodontids, oviraptorids har ma da tsuntsaye. Sakamakon binciken falcarius (Falcarius) da beipaosaurus sun tabbatar da wannan zato.
Alshazaurus kwarangwal
Hoton ya nuna wani nau'in halittar Alxasaurus elesitaiensis daga Gidan Tarihi na Royal Tyrrell Paleontological (Drumler, Alberta, Kanada).
Da ke ƙasa akwai kayan nunawa a kan Gidan Tarihi na Storium (Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada).
Hankali: Alksazavr
Alksazavr - ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a sani ba, baƙon abu da ƙarancin karatu. Dukkanin an fara ne da wani sabon abu da aka gano cewa masana binciken burbushin halittu sun fara kuskure game da ƙasusuwan kunkuru.
Amma da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da suka warwatse ba'a fahimta bane kuma abin ban al'ajabi ne: kai mai kama da kunkuru, doguwar ƙafa, baya, kamar harsashi.
Bincike mai zurfi akan burbushin ya kasance mai gamsar da masana kimiyya cewa sun gano wani nau'in dinosaurs da ba'a sani ba har zuwa wannan lokacin. Kuma bayan gano kasusuwan Alksazavr da aka adana a kasar Sin gaba daya, shakku sun kasance gaba daya sun watse.
Wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki ta motsa a kan ƙafafun biyu. Limarfin hannu yana da ƙarfi mai ban mamaki, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da babban kasusuwa kashi wanda yake kan goshin. A cewar masana, hakoran Alksazavra sun taimaka wajen cin abincin tsirrai. Hannun dabbar suna dauke da makamai masu kaifi, wadanda, da alama, sun fi kama da tsinkaya. Koyaya, sun yi aiki da Alksazavru don kare kariya daga cin abinci na dinosaur.
A cikin masana, sabani ya tashi a kan wane rukuni na abubuwan cin abinci A bangare guda, hujjoji da yawa sun tabbatar da mallakar ta dinosaurs na herbivorous. A gefe guda, akwai alamomi waɗanda Alksazavra za a iya danganta su da theropods. Sabili da haka, wasu masu binciken sun fara danganta sirrin shaidan ga dangin therizinosaurs, ma'anar tsaka tsaki tsakanin sauropods da theropods. Zuwa yau, masana kimiyya ba su zo da ra'ayi guda ba. Don fallasa asirin dabba mai ban mamaki, ƙwararru suna buƙatar gudanar da bincike da yawa.
Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa, a wancan lokacin, hagunan sawaye, kunkuru, da kuma psittacosaurs - ƙananan dinosaurs na herbivorous, waɗanda yawancinsu suna da yawa, suna zaune kusa da Alksazavirs. Amma Alksazavr dabba ce mai fara'a, kodayake ba ta sabawa. Dogo da ƙarfi goge da kaifi class damar masa ya cire succulent da abinci da ganye da ginkgo. An samo asalin halittar wannan shuka a cikin mutane da yawa a kasar Sin, shekarunsu kusan miliyan 80 ne. Abin mamaki, ginkgo har yanzu tana rayuwa a cikin kudancin China. Waɗannan bishiyoyi masu relict ne, shekaru ɗaya ne kamar na dinosaur. Masana kimiyya sun ce, wannan shuka ita ce babban abincin Alksasaurs. Kodayake a lokacin lokutan waɗannan ƙananan bututu masu haɗari, ferns da manyan tsire-tsire masu fure ko'ina ko'ina sun girma.
Abinci da rayuwa
Yin hukunci game da tsarin muƙamula da hakora, alshazaurs sunci galibi akan abubuwan shuka, dukda cewa a zahiri suma suna iya cin ƙananan dabbobi, kamar su amphibians, lizards da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin karkarwa, irin waɗannan mollusks ko kwari, zasu iya shiga abinci.
Abin takaici, paleobiota na samuwar Bain-Gobi har yanzu ba'a karanci karatu ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, za a iya sanin cewa ƙungiyar Alshazaurs ta gefe tare da sauropods da ba a san su ba, ceratops, da theropods. Daga cikin ajiya iri ɗaya, prolopognathus na hadrosaurid (Penelopognathus), wanda aka bayyana a cikin 2005, kuma sanannu ne. Exarin ramuka zai nuna wanene asalin maƙiyin alshazavr.
Alshazavrida na kasar Sin zai iya jagorancin salon rayuwa, shi kuma ya shiga rukuni-rukuni. A cikin goyon bayan magoya bayan sabuwar sigar, akwai manyan binciken falkaria, a farkon therizinosaurs.
Duba: Therizinosaurs
Musamman ƙasusuwa na kasusuwa na waɗannan dinosaurs sunyi kama da kasusuwa na kasusuwa na dinosaurs na kaji. Kafafu da kafan suna da kamannin kafafu da yatsun halittar magabata. Therizinosaurus yana da jiki da yawa kuma dogayen wuya.
Dabbobin sun huta a kan yatsu huɗu na yatsun kafa, wanda ya sa suka zama kamar prosauropod. An dauke su kamar dangin prosauropod har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da aka gano Alxazaurus. An kiyaye ragowar wannan dabbar da kusan gaba daya. Alksazavr ya zama kamar mahara, amma ba kamar prosauropod ba. Dangane da wannan yanayin, Therizinosaurs a cikin tsararren kimiyya na zamani an rarrabe su azaman theropods.
Koyaya, alaƙa tsakanin therizinosaurs da sauran theropods duk da haka an kafa shi, tunda masana kimiyya sun gano ainihin wakilan ƙungiyar, kamar beipaosaurus (a cikin 1999) da falkaria (a 2005).
Alexazavar ba babbar ba ce.
Masu binciken da suka bayyana falkaria suna da'awar cewa mataki ne na tsakiya tsakanin tsinkaye da kwari mai kwari na herbivorous. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, an tsara therizinosaurs kamar theropods. Akwatin kwanyarsu yayi kama da kwanyar sauropod a kamannin hakora da jaws. Da alama, waɗannan dabbobin sun kasance masu yawa daga dabbobi.
Mafi kyawun yanayi da halayyar Therizinosaurs sune manyan maganganu a paws. A wasu nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobi, yatsun ya kai tsawon 90 cm. Therizinosaurs na iya shimfida goshinsu zuwa nesa mai nisa. Wannan karfin yana nuna cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da tsire-tsire. Hanyar ciyar da Therizinosaurus ta yi daidai da ta masaniyar fari: dabbobi za su iya amfani da dogayen lafurorinsu da kuma manyan ledojin da za su lanƙwasa rassa a bakinsu.
Kasancewar gashin fuka-fukai a cikin dinosaur har yanzu suna haifar da jayayya.
A yayin nazarin burbushin halittar beiposaosaur, an gano cewa an rufe therizinosaurs tare da wani tsarin fure mai mahimmanci. An sami irin wannan aikin mai amfani a cikin Sinosauropteryx. An kuma gano manyan fuka-fukan. Dabbobi sun nuna su don jan hankalin wakilan mata da maza ko tsoratar da abokan gaba.
Therizinosaurs rukuni ne na dinosaurs daban-daban, ciki har da duka ƙananan beiposaosaurs (2.2 mita) da kuma giwar therizinosaurs, waɗanda wakilansu suka kai tsawon mita 10 10-12 kuma suka auna kimanin tan 6.2 kuma sune mafi girma daga sanannun theropods.